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Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, and Leptocysta

Leptocysta Stal, 1873 Leptocysta ��� Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., III: 122 e 127; Berg, 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. H��m. III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond.: 61; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hemipt. Heteropt., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe & Poor, 1936, Iowa St. Coll. J. Sci., 10 (4): 386; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103. Hapl��tipo: Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (= Tingis sexnebulosa Stal) Ves��cula ��� Muito alongada, alta, apertada e afilada anteriormente, e extendendo-se muito al��m da cabe��a; ligeiramente curvada na margem superior. Pronoto ��� Fortemente alargado; tricarenado. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, igual ou mais alta do que a ves��cula; as laterais muito baixas, uniareoladas, curtas, e ��s vezes pouco distintas. Antenas ��� Longas com o primeiro segmento com o dobro do comprimento do segundo; o terceiro bastante alongado. Paranotos ��� Muito largos, com ou sem espinhos nas margens, ligeiramente levantados. Elitros ��� Achatados, largos, muito mais longos do que o abd��men, subquadrados ou arredondados, com as margens espinhosas ou n��o, a parte 1 Recebido para publica����o a 27 de junho de 1946. anterior estreitada; ��rea costal muito larga; subcostal muito estreita (bisseriada); discoidal alongada atingindo al��m da metade dos ��litros. B��cula ��� Muito alta. Abertura rostral alcan��ando o ��ltimo par de patas, profunda, com l��minas altas. Rostro ��� Alcan��ando a parte final da abertura rostral. Patas ��� Longas. Distribui����o geogr��fica ��� Toda a Am��rica do Sul, exceto Chile. Pertence �� subfam��lia Tinginae, e cont��m este g��nero tr��s esp��cies, com a nova esp��cie agora incluida. Perfeitamente distinto, por��m ligeiramente relacionado com Corythaica Stal, do qual se afasta pela largura dos ��litros e paranotos; pela subcostal estreitada; pela discoidal achatada; e pelas antenas bem mais longas. �� todavia, bem mais pr��ximo de Ammianus Distant, 1904, da ��ndia, do qual se distingue pelo formato da ves��cula e dos paranotos. CHAVE DAS ESP��CIES 1. Com espinhos nas margens dos ��litros.................................. 2 ��� Sem tais espinhos.................................................................. novatis DraKe 2. Margem espinhosa na parte central; ��litros em declive no in��cio, depois retos................................................................. sexnebulosa Stal ��� Margem espinhosa em toda a sua extens��o; ��litros arredondados................................................................................ tertia n. sp.
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 325-326, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Tingidae, Leptocysta, and Leptocysta sexnebulosa

Leptocysta sexnebulosa (Stal) (Figs. 1-2) Tingis sexnebulosa Stal, 1860, Rio Hem., I: 64; WalKer, 1873, Cat. Hem. Het. VI: 181. Leptocysta sexnebulosa Stal, 1873, Enum. Hem., Ill: 127; Berg, ( nee Stal), 1883, Ann. Soc. Arg.: 103; Let. & Sev., 1896, Cat. Hern, III: 15; Champion, 1898, Trans. Ent. Soc.: 61, pl. II, fgs. 1010a.; Pennington, 1921, Lista de los Hem. Het., 2a. parte: 20; DraKe, 1930, Amer. Mus. Nov. n. 398: 1; DraKe, 1931, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 24: 511; DraKe & Hambleton, 1934, Rev. Ent., Rio de Janeiro, 4 (4): 442; DraKe, 1935, Konovia, 14 (1): 17; DraKe & Poor, 1937, Mem. Carn. Mus., 11: 306, pl. 39, fig. 13; Monte, 1937, Rodriguesia, II (8): 34, fg. 3; Monte, 1938, Bol. Biol., Ill (3-4): 131; DraKe & Poor, 1939, Physis, 17: 98; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 193; Monte, 1939, Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat., 43: 101; Monte, 1939, Rev. Soc. Bras. Agr., II (1): 71; Monte, 1940, Arq. Dep. Zool., S. Paulo, II: 103; Bosq, 1940, Rev. Soc. Ent. Arg., 10 (5): 412; DraKe & Hambleton, 1945, J. Wash. Ac. Sci., 35 (11): 359. Cabe��a completamente coberta pela ves��cula e com leve secre����o esbranqui��ada, trazendo cinco espinhos longos, delgados e dirigidos para frente: o par anterior quase deitado na superf��cie da cabe��a, o espinho mediano quase alcan��ando a extremidade do par posterior, e este por sua vez alcan��a mais ou menos a metade do primeiro segmento antenal. Olhos salientes. B��cula larga, alta, geralmente formada por tr��s carreiras de ar��olas, das quais a inferior �� bem mais larga. Abertura rostral larga, profunda, alargando-se para a extre�� midade, a l��mina desta abertura �� largamente uniareolada. Rostro relativamente curto, alcan��ando o segundo par de patas. Ves��cula muito alongada, apertada, afilada, e tendo na parte inferior um profundo sulco, e manchada de preto na base e ��pice. Antenas amareladas, os 2/3 apicais do ��ltimo segmento, pretos. O primeiro segmento o dobro do segundo; o terceiro quase tr��s vezes o comprimento do quarto, este levemente mais longo do que a soma dos dois primeiros. Carena mediana muito alta, foli��cea, mais alta do que a ves��cula, geralmente formada de tr��s largas ar��olas na sua maior largura, tendo as partes anterior e posterior, manchadas de preto; as laterais muito baixas, formadas de uma s�� carreira de ar��olas, ligeiramente mais baixas atr��s, com leve inclina����o para fora. Paranotos extraordinariamente largos, dirigidos para cima, com ligeira sinuosidade, marginados de espinhos curtos, formados em sua maior largura com 6-7 carreiras de ar��olas irregulares, muitas delas foscas, entretanto as duas primeiras carreiras s��o dispostas com regularidade, sendo a primeira delas formada de c��lulas menores. Pronoto pouco elevado, castanho, com alguns p��los dourados. A por����o triangular formada de c��lulas largas. Elitros muito largos, em parte marginado de espinhos. ��rea costal muito larga, iniciando-se com duas ar��olas, depois tr��s, regularmente 4, por vezes 5 e 6 carreiras de c��lulas irregularmente dispostas; estas ar��olas s��o largas, exce^ to no ter��o anterior onde se forma u'a mancha escura, onde se apresentam bem menores. Esta ��rea �� bem estreitada na frente, segue em linha obliqua, depois reta onde alcan��a a sua maior largura, e na sua parte final nota-se uma outra mancha escura que interessa a sutural. ��rea subcostal muito estreita, bisseriada. ��rea discoidal muito larga e longa, alcan��ando muito al��m da metade dos ��litros, geralmente com seis carreiras de c��lulas, escurecida, por��m com algumas destas c��lulas claras. Patas longas e amareladas, com tarsos escuros. Parte inferior do corpo, castanha. Comprimento 4.61 mm.; largura 2.95 mm. Distribui����o ��� Brasil (Rio de Janeiro; Belo Horizonte e Vi��osa, M. Gerais; Corumb��, Mato Grosso; Nova Teutonia, S. Catarina). Argentina (Chacabuco e Rosas, B. Aires; Corrientes, Capital; S. Inacio, Missiones). Colombia (Aracataca, Madalena). Paraguai (Chaco, Rio Negro e Vila Rica). Per�� (Satipo). Venezuela (Los Canales, Naiguata, Aragua). Planta hospedeira ��� Mikania, sp. (Composta) e Vernonia, sp. (Assa Peixe) (Composta) Tipo ��� Museu de Stocolmo (Su��cia), do Rio de Janeiro
Published as part of Monte, Oscar, 1946, REVIS��O DO G��NERO " LEPTOCYSTA " STAL (Hemiptera, Tingidae), pp. 325-331 in Revista Brasileira de Biologia 6 (3) on pages 326-328, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.3417134

クモ, ハナグモ, キャベツ, 福岡, and 宮崎

This paper reports general information obtained concerning the daily fluctuation of spider populations found in the cabbage fields in Fukuoka and Takanabe districts, the feeding of these on injurious crop insects, and the effect of Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius) on them. The experiments or observations were carried out from September 3 to October 31 at Fukuoka and from November 10 to February 20, 1960, at Takanabe. A list of the species of spiders found to occur in the experimental cabbage fields is as follows : District of Fukuoka 1. Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius). 2. Neoscona doenitzi (Boe. et Strand). 3. Lycosa t-insignita Biis. et Strand. 4. Agelena opulenta L. Koch. 5. Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch. 6. Lycosa sp. 7. Chiracanthium kompiricola Di.in. et Strand. 8. Theridiosoma eperioides Bos. et Strand. 9. Dolomedes herculus Bos. et Strand. 10. Plexippus crassipes Karsch. 11. Leucauge subblanda Bos. et Strand. 12. Hahnia cortcicola Bi.s. et Strand. District of Takanabe 1. Misumena tricuspidata (Fabricius). 2. Neoscona doenitzi (Bos. et Strand). 3. Lycosa 1-insignita Bcs. et Strand. 4. Leucauge subblanda Bos. et Strand. 5. Lycosa coelestis L. Koch. 6. Oxyopes sertatus L. Koch. 7. Plexippus paykulli (Audouin). 8. Tihellus tenellus (L. Koch). A list of the speci e s of insects caught by the spiders is as follows : a. Injurious insects of direct importance District of Fukuoka 1. Mamestra brassica Linne. 2. Agrotis fucosa Butler. 3. Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel. 4. Prodenia litura Fabricius. 5. Mesographe forticalis Linne. 6. Udea testacea Butler. 7. Oebia undalis Fabricius. 8. Plusia jessica Butler. 9. Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. 10. Phytomyza atricornis Meigen. 11. Brevicoryne brassica Linne. 12. Nysius plebejus Distant. 13. Gryllulus mitratus Saussure. District of Takanabe 1. Phaedon brassica 13aly. 2. Phyllotre t a striolata Fabricius. 3. Oebia undalis Fabricius. 4. Plutella maculipennis Curtis. 5. Pieris rapae crucivora Boisduval. 6. Phytonryza atricornis Meigen. 7. Hylemyla platura Meigen. b. Injurious insects of indirect importance District of Fukuoka 1. Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. 2. Scopula modicaria Leech. 3. Adoxophyes orana Fis. von Ros. 4. Hymenia recurvalis Fabricius. 5. Nephotettix bipunctatus cincticeps Uhler. 6. Niraparvata lugens Linne. 7. Chlorita flavescens Fabricius. 8. Eutettix disciguttis Walker. 9. Cicadella viridis (Linne). 10. Musca domestica Linne. 11. Stomoxys calcitrans Linne. 12. Lucilia caesar Linne. 13. Paratettix histricus Stal. District of Takanabe 1. Acrolepia manganeutis Meyrik. 2. Illiberis pruni Dyar. 3. Erythroneura apicalis Nawa. 4. Empoasca onukii Matsuda. The present observations revealed that the effects of spiders on the cabbage pests were not neglizible. Especially Misumena tricuspidata was not only very effective but also very easy to make mass production in the laboratory. Thus Misumena tricuspidata may be regarded as a promising spider in the control of crop pests. Out of 140 individals of Misumena tricuspidata liberated 32 per cent were established in the cabbage field at Fukuoka, while out of 100 spiders liberated 60 per cent were established at Takanabe. This higher percentage of establishment seemed to be caused by the less active season of the spiders (at the end of November and throughout December), when the spiders became more sluggish before overwintering. During the course of experiments there was found no evidence that the spiders attacked the beneficial insects in the cabbage fields.
果樹園や水田に,どんな種類のクモがどんな程度棲息しているかという研究は,今迄にPickett及びPatterson(1946),Stultz(1955),Chant(1956),Dondale(1956,1957)Nakao及びOkurna(1958),Kobayashi(1958)等によつて行なわれてきた.然し蔬菜園にクモがどの程度いて,何を食べて生活しているかという研究は,私の知る範囲に於いては未だないようである.けれども此の事を調査する為には,今迄おこなわれたように,月に一度又は週に一度,実験場に行つて調べる方法では不充分であつて,少なくとも1日に1回は圃場に行き,そこに棲息しているクモの習性を熟知することが必要となつてくる.筆者は過去4年間此のような研究をおこなつて来たが,諸種の都合で連続1週間或いは10日間位の研究しか出来なかつた.ところが幸いに昭和34年9月1日から,昭和35年3月31日まで九州大学農学部に国内留学を許可され,安松京三教授の御指導のもとに調査を行うことが出来た.すなわち福岡地方では9月4日から予備試験を開始し,9月11日から10月10日までの30日間,高鍋地方では11月10日から12月2日までの23日間,35年1月5日から1月17日までの13日間,蔬菜園特にキャベツ畠に於ける毎日のクモの活動状況を調査した.又天敵として最も有効であると思われるハナグモを福岡では10月3日から10月23日まで,高鍋では11月20日から12月10日までの各21日間放飼して,その定着性並びに害虫捕食状況な調査したのである.研究期間は決して長いとは言われないが,日々の調査で種々有益な事柄を知り得たので,ここにその大要をまとめて'発表する次第である.本文に入るに先だち,調査期間中終始懇篤な御指導並びに本文の校閲を添うした九州大学農学部教授安松京三博士に対し,?に謹んで感謝の意を表する.又平嶋義宏助教授,日高輝展助手,大学院学生矢野宏二氏を始め,教室の各位に,更にクモに関し日頃種々御指導と御援助を賜わる八木沼健夫氏,大熊千代子姉の両氏に哀心から感謝の意を表すると共に,宮崎大学農学部教授中嶋茂博士,宮崎県教育庁学校教育課の関係諸先生並びに宮崎県立高鍋農業高等学校落合寅次郎校長に厚く感謝する次第である.

Orthoptera and Tettigoniidae

While I was at the Instituto Español de Entomología in Madrid in 1962, my colleague Sr. E. Morales Agacino showed me two males of Apoecides madagascariensis Bolivar, a species hitherto known only from the female holotype ; Sr. Morales asked me if I would describe the male sex and kindly lent me the two specimens for this purpose. I have since found two further males amongst a comprehensive collection of Madagascan Tettigoniidae that I have on loan from the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, through the courtesy of Dr. L. Chopard. The monotypic genus Apoecides Bolivar belongs to the Copiphorinae, and has the general appearance of a brachypterous version of Pseudorhynchus Stäl; it differs from that genus, however, in having well-developed lateral carinae on the pronotum. With the exception of the genitalia, the description of the male given below also applies to the female.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, PEST analysis, Bollworm, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Infestation, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Cabbage looper, Toxicology, Botany, Chrysopa, Pest control, business.industry, business, and Beneficial insects

Five season-long insecticidal control programs were compared for their impact on pest and beneficial insects in a 240-acre cotton field. The pest species encountered were Lygus Hesperus Knight; the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner); and the bollworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie). The beneficial insects assessed were a minute pirate bug, Orius tristicolor (White); a big-eyed bug, Gcoeoris pallnes Stal; a collops beetle, Gollops vittatus (Say); a damsel bug, Nabis americoferus Carayon; and a green lacewing, Chrysopa carnea Stephens. L. hespems was suppressed most effectively by 5 applications of toxaphene-malathion, 4 applications of Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N, N -dimethyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate), and 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT, All chemicals were applied when an average of 2 or more L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was encountered. In another toxaphene-DDT program, 3 treatments applied each time an average of 10 L. hesperus per 50 net sweeps was found resulted in moderate reduction of this species. The abundance of L. hesperus in the control exceeded the recommended treatment level of 10 bugs per 50 net sweeps in 7 out of 13 weekly samples taken from June 6 to August 30. During the period of L. hesperus control, predator abundance was severely reduced in the toxaphene-malathion and the 2 Bidrin programs. It was moderately reduced where 5 applications of toxaphene-DDT were made and less severely so in the limited toxaphene-DDT program (3 applications). In August, an outbreak of cabbage looper occurred in all the chemical programs. By contrast, the control which had retained its predator populations suffered the lowest infestation and the least damage. One of the Bidrin programs was not treated and was extensively defoliated by cabbage looper. The other Bidrin program was treated at weekly intervals with Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner and was not seriously damaged. Two applications of toxaphene-DDT gave the most effective chemical control of cabbage looper. In late August and September, bollworm was significantly reduced in the programs receiving I and 3 applications of toxaphene-DDT, but unaffected by 3 applications of toxaphene-carbaryl and 4 of B. thuringiensis . The Bidrin program, which had been heavily defoliated by cabbage looper, was not treated for bollworm, yet the bollworm infestation remained below that found in the control. Four evaluations of boll set made during the season at periodic intervals showed no significant differences between any of the chemical programs and the control. However, in the final boll count made following the period of bollworm infestation the degree of bollworm damage was lowest in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the Bidrin program, which had not been treated for bollworm. Correspondingly, at harvest, the highest yields were produced in the 2 toxaphene-DDT programs followed by the latter Bidrin program. But, only the toxaphene-DDT program which had received the least number of applications produced a significantly greater amount of cotton than the control.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Leafhopper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nymph, Macrosteles fascifrons, Aster yellows, Hordeum vulgare, Horticulture, Transmission (mechanics), law.invention, law, Incubation period, Aster (genus), and Botany

When nymphs and adults of Elymana virescens (F.) were caged for 7 days on barley plants, Hordeum vulgare L. var. ‘Vantage’ infected with aster yellows casual agent (AYCA), 26% and 24%, respectively, of the exposed insects subsequently transmitted AYCA to barley seedlings. In comparable concurrent experiments with the aster leafhopper, Macrosteles fascifrons (Stal), 48% and 78% of the nymphal and adult groups, respectively, transmitted the causal agent. An incubation period of 39-46 days was required before 95% of the inoculative E. virescens could transmit, whereas less than 32 days were needed before 85% of the inoculative M. fascifrons transmitted. However, once the leafhoppers of both species became inoculative they were equally consistent in transmitting. When adult E. virescens and M. fascifrons were injected with an inoculum containing AYCA, 16% and 55% of the injected insects, respectively, became inoculative. The concentration of AYCA in the extracts of inoculative E. virescens was about equal to that of inoculative M. fascifrons when the extracts were prepared on the basis of leafhopper weight.

No presente trabalho o g��nero Bothrocoris Mayr, 1868 �� inclu��do em Lopadusa Stal, 1860, como subg��nero do mesmo. Lopadusa, Stal, 1860 �� redescrito e ilustrado, bem como Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stal, 1860, Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837) e Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) fuscopunctata (Distant, 1880).Bothrocoris consanguineus Distant, 1911, �� colocada na sinonimia de L. (B.) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837). A genit��lia externa e interna de ambos os sexos �� descrita e ilustrada para t��das as esp��cies.

No presente trabalho o g��nero Bothrocoris Mayr, 1868 �� inclu��do em Lopadusa Stal, 1860, como subg��nero do mesmo. Lopadusa, Stal, 1860 �� redescrito e ilustrado, bem como Lopadusa (Lopadusa) augur Stal, 1860, Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837) e Lopadusa (Bothrocoris) fuscopunctata (Distant, 1880).Bothrocoris consanguineus Distant, 1911, �� colocada na sinonimia de L. (B.) quinquedentata (Spinola, 1837). A genit��lia externa e interna de ambos os sexos �� descrita e ilustrada para t��das as esp��cies.

R. Agenjo: Hoyosia, nuevo género para codeti Oberthür, 1883, dedicado al Excmo. Sr. Prof. Dr. D. Angel Hoyos de Castro, Decano de la Facultad de Farmacia. (Lep. Lirnacodidae). (Lám. I). C. Capilla: Nueva especie de Liacarus Michael, 1898 del pre-Pirineo oscense (Acari, Oribatei). A. Cobos: Ergebnisse der Zoologischen Forschungen von Dr. Z. Kaszab in der Mongolei. N° 203. II. (Col. Buprestidae). F. Español: Nuevos datos sobre los Rathysciinae de Guipúzcoa. (Col. Catapidae). H. Franz: Eine blinde Stenichnus-Art von Tenerife nebst einer Bestimmungstabelle für alle kanarischen Stenichflus-Arten. (Col. Scydmaenidae). J. A. de la Fuente: Revisión de los pentatómidos ibéricos (Flerniptera). Parte I. Tribus Sciocorini Stäl, 1872, y Strachiini Stäl, 1872. D.K. McE Kevan, S. S. Akbar, and Y.-C. Chang: The concealed copulatory structures of the Pyrgomorphidae (Orth. Acridoidea) (Part IV) (Láms. II-IX). E. Ortiz y J. Templado: Los cromosomas de dos especies de sésidos. (Lep. Aegeriidae) (Lám X). C. Pérez Íñigo: Ácaros orihátidos de suelos de España peninsular e Islas Baleares (Acari, Oribatei). (Parte IV). E. M. Robles-Chillida: Estudio morfológico de la cutícula antenal y formaciones sensitivas adyacentes en Aglais urticae (L., 1758) (Lep.Nymphalidae) (Láms. XI-XVIII). K.E. Schedl: Zur Scolytoidea Fauna von Marokko (Coleoptera). Beitrag zur Morphologie und Systematik der Scolytoidea. D. St. Quentin: Zur Verbreitungsgeschichte der Aeschniden (Odonata)

Doença de Chagas, Triatomíneos, Panstrongylus megistus, and Triatoma infestans

Chamado antes como: Núcleo de Pesquisas da Bahia do Instituto de Endemias Rurais da Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-08-22T12:57:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2016-08-22T13:09:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-22T13:09:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sherlock IA Fauna triatominae do estado I.pdf: 1236576 bytes, checksum: 4cd3f481bcea40914d5a93c4ef2dd3d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1972 Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, BA, Brasil Este é a primeira de uma série de publicações sobre os triatoviineos do Eslado da Bahia , com base nos áados obtidos na. inspeção de 889.972 domicílios de 11.045 localidades do EHado, nos nyics de 1957 a 1971, quando se coletaram 33.588 exemplares do h emiptero. Foram identificadas 18 espécies per tencentes a 4 gêneros, conforme a seguir cf the State of Bahia, Brazil. Surveys were made, of 889,972 dwelling? in 11,04s localities of the State and 33,588 bugs were collected. Four genera and eighteen species oj Triatominae were identified, as follows. Triatoma bahiensis Sherlock & Serafim, 1967 is here considered tc be a s y n onym oi subspecies of T. pessoai Sherlock & Serafim, 1967. Other subspecies or races of other Triatominae have been encountered in Bahia. and will be considered fully elsewhere. Panstrongylus megistus (Burmeister, 1835) is more abundant in the l i t toral areas with tropical climate, high h umid ity and broad-leaved forest vegetation. P. megistus is considered to be the most impor tant vector of Chagas Disease in the State 0] Bahia. 1. brasiliensis Neiva, 1911 is principally fo und in areas with an arid climate and xerophilic vegetation. I t was also found in some areas with tropical humid climate, where it ma y be a d iffe ren t race. Some specimens were also caught in areas with a cooler climate and vegetation of moist broad-leaved forest. The spread of T. brasiliensis to this area is considered to be due to h um a n agency T. inie s tans Klug, 1834, once limited in Brazil to tempe rate areas south of the 16th parallel, ?ias been spreading northward through areas with diverse climate characteristics, possibly due to accidental means. T. sordida (Stal, 1859) was fo u n d to have a riverain distributioji in areas with dry climate. T. rubrofasc ia ta e Geer. 1773) is limited to two old colonial ports in the State. Years ago it was quite abundant in these places. Improvements in s a n itary conditions in recent years probagly account for the present scarcity of ihis species in both localities. The following species were fo u n d in small numbers and in limited areas: P. diasi (Pinto & L en t) , P. geniculatus (Latreille), P. lutzi (Neiva & L en t) , T. costalimai Verano & Galvao, T. lenti Sherlock & Serafim, T. ma cu la ta Erickson, 1. melanoc epha la Neiva & Pinto, T. pessoai Sherlock & Serafim. T. petrochii Pinto & Barreto, and T. tibiama culata Pinto. A single specimen of Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1940 was caught, for the fir st time, in a house in a dry area of the nor thwes t part of the State. Of the genus Psamolestes, only P. tertius Lent & Juberg, 1965 was found all over the State. This species ivas restricted to suitable bird nests, lohich are its normal habitat.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Rhodnius prolixus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Chlorpyrifos, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Xenopsylla, Toxicology, Resmethrin, Triatoma infestans, Aedes aegypti, Aerosol, Anopheles albimanus, fungi, complex mixtures, and parasitic diseases

The effectiveness of selected aerosols and micronized dusts in controlling insects in aircraft, was evaluated in simulated field trials against 3 mosquito species ( Aedes aegypti L., Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, and A. quadrimaculatus Say), 2 house fly ( Musca domestica L.) strains, oriental rat fleas ( Xenopsylla cheopis Rothschild), and cone-nose bugs ( Triatoma infestans Klug and Rhodnius prolixus Stal). Micronized dust and aerosols containing resmethrin alone or in combination with certain other toxicants were highly effective against the test species. Chlorpyrifos dust and G-I730 aerosol ( d-trans allethrin) also gave promising results. The data indicate that lower concentrations of active ingredient(s) in dusts and aerosol treatments and/or the application of lesser amounts of formulation per unit volume of space may be satisfactory against the insects of public health importance included in the tests.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Lygus hesperus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Integrated pest management, Beet armyworm, Chrysopa, Predation, Toxicology, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Botany, PEST analysis, and fungi

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) on cotton in California is typically a secondary pest, likely to become abundant after insecticide applications against Lygus hesperus Knight. In this study local outbreaks were generated experimentally in an area of one square mile of cotton, subdivided into 4 randomized blocks of 4 treatments. Applications of dimethoate triggered significant increases in abundance of beet armyworm larvae. Levels up to 4 times as high as those in the untreated control were reached. Analysis of results of population censuses of both beet armyworm and its natural enemies in the experimental area, supplemented by observational evaluation of predator activities on early developmental stages, indicated impairment of predation on eggs and newly hatched larvae as the calise of outbreaks. Especially important in this context were the hemipterous species Geocoris pallens Stal, Orius tristicolor (White), and Nabis americoferus Carayon, which were severely reduced by the treatments. Another important predator of eggs and caterpillars, the larva of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, appeared immune to the insecticide. Field observations further revealed some egg predation by the otherwise predominantly phytophagous L. hesperus . The relevance of this study to pest management procedures for cotton is discussed.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cabbage looper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Trichoplusia, Horticulture, Chrysopa, Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus, Botany, Nymph, Predation, Dimethoate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Larva, and fungi

A comparative life-table analysis of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) populations on cotton in California revealed that, where predators were suppressed with properly timed applications of dimethoate insecticide, increases in larval survival of T. ni occurred. When the populations of predators were allowed to reach density levels comparable to those in the nontreated control, survival rates for T. ni larvae did not differ significantly between nontreated plots and previously treated plots. The results suggest that predators, particularly adults and nymphs of Orius tristicolor (White), Geoeoris pallens Stal, Nabis americoferus Carayon, and larvae of Chrysopa carnea Stephens, inflict a major intrageneration mortality on T. ni larvae on cotton, and that, when these natural enemies are suppressed, a secondary pest outbreak of T. ni can occur. Rates of parasitization and polyhedrosis of T. ni developmental stages were not, in general, adversely affected by the dimethoate sprays. A nuclear polyhedrosis virus and an egg-larval parasite, Copidosoma truncatellum (Dalman), appeared to cause mortality which was density related. Two apparently new parasite records for T. ni are recorded: Chelonus texanus Cresson and Patrocloides montanus (Cresson).

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Maize chlorotic dwarf virus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Virology, Virus, Deltocephalus, Transmission (mechanics), law.invention, law, Vector (epidemiology), Nymph, Leafhopper, and Macrosteles

Maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV), an isometric virus associated with a stunting disease of maize, has a semipersistent relationship with its leafhopper vector, Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes). Leafhopper’s lose their ability to transmit MCDV within 48 h after virus is acquired. Leafhoppers given a 96-h virus-acquisition access period (AAP) were more efficient vectors than leafhoppers given a 24-h AAP. The leafhoppers can transmit MCDV following a 2-h AAP and a 2-h inculation period. None of 100 nymphs which previously fed on infected corn and then molted transmitted MCDV, whereas 25 of 100 nonmolted nymphs transmitted virus. Both adult males and females transmit MCDV. The leafhopper Deltocephalus sonorus Ball also is a vector of MCDV, although it is inefficient when compared to G. nigrifrons . The leafhoppers, Dalbulus elimatus (Ball), D. maidis DeLong and Wolcott, and Macrosteles fasifrons (Stal), failed to transmit MCDV.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Electron diffraction, Atmospheric temperature range, Analytical chemistry, Electrical resistance and conductance, Condensed matter physics, Electron microscopic, Electrical measurements, Short range order, Transmission electron microscopy, and Chemistry

The order-Disorder transformation in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. Upon heating disordered CuPt, short range order is developing in the temperature range 20 to 190 °C by the formation of microdomains which grow into long range order domains upon further heating. This development of short range order gives rise to an electrical resistance increase, followed by a decrease due to the formation of long range order. The electrical measurements are correlated with electron microscopic observations. Der Ordnungs-Fehlordnungsubergang in CuPt wurde mit Hilfe von Messungen des elektrischen Widerstandes, von Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Beim Tempern von fehlgeordnetem CuPt entwickelt sich im Temperaturbereich 20 bis 190 °C Nahordnung durch die Bildung von Mikrodomanen, die bei weiterer Temperung zu Fernordnungsdomanen wachsen. Diese Entwicklung von Nahordnung gibt Anlas zu einem Ansteigen des elektrischen Widerstands, dem ein Abfall infolge der Ausbildung von Fernordnung folgt. Die elektrischen Messungen werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Homogeneous, Electron diffraction, Condensed matter physics, Critical point (thermodynamics), Electron microscope, law.invention, law, Transmission electron microscopy, Electrical resistance and conductance, Chemistry, Electron microscopic, and Stress relief

The ordering mechanism in CuPt has been investigated by means of electrical resistance measurements, transmission electron microscopy, and electron diffraction. A complex ordering mode consisting of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes is found below 475°C between 475 and 620°C the dispersed ordered domains stop growing. Transformation twins observed near the critical temperature for ordering are related to stress relief in the larger domains. The electrical resistance measurements are correlated with the electron microscopic observations to substantiate this model. Der Ordnungsmechanismus in CuPt wird mit Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands, Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie und Elektronenbeugung untersucht. Eine komplexe Ordnungsmode, die aus homogenen und heterogenen Prozessen besteht, wird unterhalb 475°C gefunden, zwischen 475 und 620°C horen die dispersen, geordneten Domanen auf zu wachsen. Transformationszwillinge, die in der Nahe der kritischen Ordnungstemperatur beobachtet werden, werden mit dem Spannungsrelief in den groseren Domanen verknupft. Die Messungen des elektrischen Widerstands werden mit elektronenmikroskopischen Beobachtungen korreliert, um das Modell zu stutzen.

Insect Science, Biology, Labidura riparia, biology.organism_classification, Predation, Lycosa, Introduced species, Beauveria bassiana, Riparia, Geocoris, Sinea, and Botany

Biotic control agents which feed on the southern chinch bug, Blissus insularis Barber, in Florida were investigated from 1971–77. A scelionid egg parasite, Eumicrosoma benefica Gahan, was the only parasite found. Predatory bugs included: 2 lygaeids, Geocoris uliginiosus (Say) and G. bullatus Say; a nabid, Pagasa pallipes Stal.; 2 anthocorids, Xylocoris vicarius (Reuter) and Lasiochilus pallidulus Reuter; and a reduviid, Sinea sp. Other predators included a dermapteran, Labidura riparia Pallas, several ant species, primarily Solenopsis geminata (F.), and a spider, Lycosa sp. A fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsomo) Vuillemin, also attacked B. insularis. The biotic control agents that appeared to regulate populations of the southern chinch bug were: E. benefica, G. uliginosus, X. vicarius, and L. riparia.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Predator, Myzus persicae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Predation, Botany, Functional response, Geocoris pallens, Aphid, and Coccinella transversoguttata

A model to evaluate potential reductive impact of populations of green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), by predators was generalized to include effects of temperature on the rate of aphid reproduction and the functional response of the predator complex. Coccinella transversoguttata richardsoni Brown was the most abundant predator in field experiments with large numbers of green peach aphids on sugarbeet plants, Beta vulgaris , L., Geocoris pallens Stal, syrphids, and Scymnus marginicollis Mannerheim were also abundant. Predators had a major role in determining the abundance of aphids, but their effect was greater at the higher densities because the more voracious species responded preferentially to high aphid populations.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Nezara viridula, biology.organism_classification, biology, Toxicology, Pest control, business.industry, business, Ipomoea, Parathion methyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Predation, Agronomy, Euschistus servus, Instar, and fungi

Aerial applications of methyl parathion applied at rates of 0.28 and 0.56 kg/ha in large field plots were tested for the differential morality responses of the last 4 developmental stages of several stink bug species associated with soybean. Both dosage rates gave effective control for all developmental stages of the species examined except 5th-instar Acrosternum hilare (Say) and 4th- and 5th-instar Euschistus servus (Say). No Podisus maculiventris (Say), a predaceous stink bug, were found in any field 24 h posttreatment; whereas, very little mortality was observed for Edessa bifida (Say), a pentatomid that utilizes Ipomoea spp. as hosts. A topical application technique was used to evaluate dosage-mortality responses of field-collected adults of 7 pentatomid species. In addition, responses were obtained for males females and diapausing adults of Nezara viridula (L.) and 5th-instar N. viridula , A. hilare : and E. servus . Based on μg/insect, P. maculiventris had a significantly lower LD50 than the other species (0.032 μg/insect); whereas, E. bifida had a significantly higher LD50 that was from 12 to 107× above other values. Thyanta pallido-virens (Stal) and Euschistus tristigmus (Say) had mortality responses similar to the other soybean pests. Reproductively active and diapausing adults of N. viridula exhibited Similar responses. The μg/insect LD50 for N. viridula , A. hilare and E. servus 5th instars were higher than their corresponding adults.

Medicina Veterin?ria, xxxxxxxxxxxxxx, and xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2020-10-15T12:11:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 1980 - Ana L?cia N?brega dos Santos.pdf: 562046 bytes, checksum: f607b4b286ab947f699601572a2f1d44 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-10-15T12:11:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1980 - Ana L?cia N?brega dos Santos.pdf: 562046 bytes, checksum: f607b4b286ab947f699601572a2f1d44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1980-01-02 Coordena??o e Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES In this work we studied the oogenesis in R. prolixus, observing the effects of feeding, mating and juvenile hormone. Special attention was given to observe oocyte development in virgin females. Feeding is the main stimulus for CA activation, and mating potentiates this stimulus. Application of a JH analogue on virgin females mimics the results of mating on fegales without hormonal treatment; it is concluded that mating direct or indirectly stimulates the JH production. The inhibition of oogenesis in virgin females is in a step anterior to the secretion of antigonadotrophin. Permeability of the ovarian follicular cells measured by the Evan's Blue test shows that the JH analogue mimics the endogenous hormone effect. No presente trabalho estudou-se a oog?nese de R. prolixus onde observaram-se os efeitos produzidos pela presen?a ou aus?ncia de alimenta??o, c?pula e administra??o de HJ, e deu-se enfoque especial ao desenvolvimento oocit?rio das f?- meas virgens. Observou-se que a alimenta??o ? necess?ria como o principal est?mulo para a ativa??o do CA e que a c?pula potenclaliza esta ativa??o. Com a administra??o do HJ ?s f?meas virgens, obteve-se resultados semelhantes aos encontrados em f?meas acasaladas sem tratamento hormonal, verificando-se que a c?pula estimula direta ou indiretamente a a??o do HJ, e que a inibi??o da oog?nese das f?meas virgens, ocorre em uma etapa anterior ? secre??o da antigonadotropina. O est?mulo causado na permeabilidade folicular das f?meas tratadas, indica que o an?logo de HJ utilizado mimetiza a a??o do horm?nio end?geno, o que pode ser aferido atrav?s do teste modificado do Azul de Evans.

F.J. Acosta: Sobre los caracteres morfológicos de Goniomma, con algnuas suegrencias sobre su taxonomía (Hym., Formicidae). J. Baraud: Descripción de la hembra de Elaphocerida ardoini mihi (Col. Scarabaeoidea). A. Compte: Coleópteros del monte de El Pardo y la Casa, de Campo (Madrid). 1. Superfamilia Curculionoidea. P. Duarte Rodrigues: African Tingidae. XVII: Eleven new species, new snyonyms and new data of Cysteochila STAL (Heteroptera). F. Español y J. Comas: Sobre algunos tenebriónidos (Col.) del Mediterráneo occidental. F. Español y A. Viñolas: Una puesta al día de los Phylan Steph Ibéricos (Col. Tenebrionidae). S. F. Gayubo: Un nuevo penfredonino de España, Diodontus bejarensis sp. nov. (Hym., Sphecidae). I. Izquierdo: Las especies canarias de Enicospilus Steph (Hym., Ichneumonidae). V. Llorente y J. J. Presa: Los Tetrigidae de la Península Ibérica (Orthoptera). E. Mingo y S.F. Gayubo: Contribución al conocimiento de los Crisídidos de la sierra de Béjar (Hyrn., Chrysididae). V. J. Monserrat : Sobre los Sisíridos de la Región Oriental (Neuroptera, Planipennia, Sisyridae). E. Ortiz y J. Templado : Los cromosomas de ocho especies de Noctuidos (Lep. Heterocera). F. Pascual: Descripción del macho de Eumigus rubioi HARZ, 1973 (Orthoptera, pamphagidae). C. Pérez-Íñigo: Resultados de la expedición Peris-Alvarez a la isla de Annobón. (13) Oribatid nzites (2nd series). P. Plata y C. Prendes: Notas sobre Dermestidae (Coleoptera). J. Pozo y J.C. Simón: Colémbolos del País Vasco. I. Neanura (Endonura) occidentalis alavensis nov. ssp. y Neazzura (Deutonura) plena ssp. plena Stach 1951. J.A. Rosas: Estudios sobre Parasitengona (Acari, Prostigmata). M. D. Soler, D.C. Guevara y M.P. Martín: Estudio sistemático y morfológico de las especies de Mallophaga encontradas sobre Corvus monedula L. F. J. Suárez: Tres nuevos Myrtnósidos paleárticos (Hymezzoptera, Myrmosidae). J. Templado: Diapausa y voltinismo en Euchloe ausonia crameri Butler. M.C. Vicente: Diplópodos epigeos de Cataluña. I. (Gloméridos, Craspedosómidos y Polidésmidos). Corrigenda

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Agronomy, Sogatella furcifera, Parathion methyl, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biology, Diazinon, Carbofuran, Toxicology, and food and beverages

Insecticides were evaluated to determine their ovicidal activity against rice feeding planthoppes, Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) and Sogatella furcifera Horvath. Carbofuran, methyl parathion, and triazophos were ovicidal as foliar sprays and carbofuran, diazinon, metalkamate, and triazophos were ovicidal as paddy-water applications of granules in insectary Studies. In a field study, only triazophos as a foliar spray provided significant ovicidal activity against N. lugens . Eggs of S. furcifera were more susceptible to insecticides than N. lugens . Ovicidal activity was dependent on age of egg at the time of insecticide application and on insecticide concentration.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Parasite larvae, Botany, Ulmus americana, Brochymena, biology.organism_classification, biology, Trichopoda, Dorsum, Parasite hosting, Willow, Parasitism, and animal structures

Parasitism of three species of Brochymena , B. arborea (Say), B. cariosa Stal and B. sulcata Van Duzee, by Trichopoda plumipes (Fabricius) was studied in College Station, Tex. Percent parasitism and number of eggs per parasitized host were essentially the same for males and females and for the three host species, except that the mean number of eggs on parasitized hosts was higher for B. sulcata than for B. cariosa . Overall, hosts collected on black willow, Salix nigra Marshall, and cottonwood, Populus deltoides Marshall, were more heavily parasitized and showed a higher number of parasite eggs than did those hosts collected on American elm, Ulmus americana L., or Chinese elm, U. pumila L. Trichopoda plumipes showed a marked preference for the abdominal tergites and hind wings as oviposition sites. Of those eggs found, 91% were located on tergites and other areas which were hidden from view by the forewings when the host was at rest, and 97% of the eggs were deposited on the dorsal surface of the host. A relatively low percentage of those hosts bearing hatched tachinid eggs had parasite larvae internally.

Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-diffusion, Vacancy defect, Atom, Binding energy, Chemistry, Atomic physics, Physical chemistry, and Impurity

The influence of the interaction between vacancies and interstitial solute atoms (carbon and nitrogen) on the determination of the activation energies for self-diffusion and vacancy formation is investigated for the case of α-iron. It is shown that the value of the self-diffusion energy is not affected by the presence of interstitial impurities in the 1 to 10 at ppm range. The result for the vacancy formation energy (E) depends on the value of the binding energy of the interstitial solute–vacancy pair (EB). Since EB is correlated with the value of the vacancy migration energy (E), the result can be stated as follows: if E = 1.3 eV (low EB), E can be determined without taking into account the presence of 1 to 10 at ppm of interstitial impurities; if however E = 0.55 eV (high EB), this amount of interstitial impurities cannot be neglected in the determination of E. An important implication on the controversial problem of the vacancy migration energy is discussed. Der Einflus der Wechselwirkung zwischen Leerstellen und isolierten Zwischengitteratomen (Kohlenstoff und Stickstoff) auf die Bestimmung der Aktivierungsenergie fur die Selbstdiffusion und Leerstellenbildung wird fur α-Eisen untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, das der Wert der Selbstdiffusions-Energie durch die Anwesenheit von Zwischengitterverunreinigungen im Bereich 1 bis 10 At. ppm nicht beeinflust wird. Das Ergebnis fur die Leerstellenbildungsenergie (E) hangt vom Wert der Bindungsenergie des Zwischengitter–Leerstellen-Paars (EB) ab. Da EB mit dem Wert der Leerstellenwanderungsenergie (E) korreliert ist, last sich das Ergebnis wie folgt darstellen: wenn E = 1,3 eV (niedriges EB) kann E bestimmt werden, ohne die Anwesenheit von 1 bis 10 At. ppm Zwischengitterverunreinigungen zu berucksichtigen; wenn jedoch E = 0.55 eV (hohes EB), kann diesen Anteil von Zwischengitterverunreinigungen bei der Bestimmung von E nicht mehr vernachlassigt werden. Ein wesentliches Ergebnis uber das kontroverse Problem der Leerstellenwanderungsenergie wird diskutiert.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Deltamethrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Carbofuran, Biology, Agronomy, Southeast asia, Natural enemies, Lowland rice, Parathion methyl, Transplanting, Pest control, business.industry, and business

Resurgence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) after insecticide application is a common phenomenon in rice in South and Southeast Asia. Among other insecticides inducing resurgence, carbofuran, decamethrin, and methyl parathion were selected for this study. Of the various methods of carbofuran application tested, foliar sprays were most active in inducing resurgence. Extent of resurgence was highly influenced by time of insecticide application. Sprays of methyl parathion and decamethrin applied 50 and 65 days after transplanting (DT) induced resurgence in the third generation of N. lugens at ca. 90 DT, whereas earlier applications had little effect. The cause(s) for resurgence was not definitely established, but stimulation of N. lugens reproduction appeared to be of more significance than destruction of natural enemies.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Predator, Predation, Outbreak, Brown planthopper, biology.organism_classification, biology, Agronomy, PEST analysis, Deltamethrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Pest control, business.industry, and business

Three rice varieties, IR29, IR40, and IR42, which are, respectively, susceptible, moderately resistant, and resistant, to Nilaparvata lugens Stal in the Philippines, were treated in the field with decamethrin, an insecticide known to cause resurgence. N. lugens populations increased to a significantly higher level in the treated plots than in untreated checks, but the degree of resurgence varied among varieties. the maximum population increases in the treated plots compared with the checks were ca. 74-, 50-, and 5-fold, respectively, for IR29, IR40, and IR42. Decamethrin was toxic to predators, and this reduction of natural enemies of N. lugens may have contributed to the pest resurgence. However, the differences between populations of N. lugens in treated and nontreated plots within varieties were larger than differences in predator numbers, suggesting that other factors were also involved.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biology, Deltamethrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Acephate, Lycosa, biology.organism_classification, Cypermethrin, Endosulfan, Toxicology, Carbophenothion, Homoptera, and Delphacidae

Insecticides, at the N. lugens LD50 level, were applied in the Potter's spray tower and as a foliage spray to determine their selective toxicity to predators of N. lugens. These included a mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis; the ripple bug, Microvelia atrolineata; and the spider Lycosa pseudoannulata. In the Potter's spray tower test, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were highly toxic to the three predator species on contact. Deltamethrin was toxic to C. lividipennis and M. atrolineata when they fed on treated N. lugens prey. Endosulfan and ethylan were not very toxic to the three predators. When the predators were placed on sprayed plants, only deltamethrin was toxic to L. pseudoannulata and M. atrolineata , whereas all of the insecticides were toxic to C. lividipennis , with BPMC being the least and deltamethrin the most toxic. Of the commercially available insecticides, acephate, BPMC, carbophenothion, and endosulfan were the least toxic to natural enemies.

Animal Science and Zoology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Iodoacetamide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Biology, Aminopeptidase, Cathepsin O, Kunitz STI protease inhibitor, Cathepsin B, Proteolysis, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine, Biochemistry, Molecular biology, Cysteine, and Dithiothreitol

The posterior midgut of the phymatid Phymata wolffii Stål contains cathepsin B and aminopeptidase activity. Identification of cathepsin B was based on maximal hydrolysis of benzoyl-DL-arginine-2-naphthylamide and benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide at pH 5.8 and 5.5, respectively. Cathepsin B hydrolysis of the tested substrates was activated by thiol chemicals and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and inhibited by tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, iodoacetamide, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Aminopeptidase hydrolyzed leucine-p-nitroanilide maximally at pH 7.8 and hydrolysis of the substrate was activated by magnesium and inhibited by EDTA, dithiothreitol, glutathione, and cysteine. The molecular weight of cathepsin B was 40 000 and was greater than 150 000 for aminopeptidase.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Agronomy, Delphacidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, PEST analysis, Pest control, business.industry, business, Cultivar, Homoptera, Oryza sativa, Brown planthopper, Sowing, food and beverages, and fungi

Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) populations on very early and early maturing rice cultivars with growth durations of 94–103 days from sowing to harvest were much lower than those on ‘IR20’, a medium-duration (120 days) cultivar, on which populations reached a peak in the third generation. The very early and early maturing cultivars, which were nearing harvest and were apparently unsuitable to the insects at the time of their final buildup, escaped damage. N. lugens /predator ratios were lower in the very early and early cultivars than in ‘IR20’.

Insect Science, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Synonym, Heteroptera, Harpactorinae, Key (lock), Taxonomy (biology), Nearctic ecozone, Reduviidae, and Ecology

Nine species of Zelus Fabricius 1803 are found in the United States, Canada, and northern Mexico: Z. tetracanthus Stal, Z. luridus Stal, Z. exsanguis Stal, Z. nugax Stal, Z. renardii Kolenati, Z. cervicalis Stal, Z. janus Stal, Z. longipes (L.), and Z. grassans Stal. Several of these are among the most commonly encountered reduviids in the Nearctic. Keys, lists of synonymy, brief descriptions, distributions, discussions, and figures of the male genitalia are provided. Thirteen new synonymies are recorded and one previously synonymized species is restored to specific level.

Cell Biology, General Dentistry, General Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Facial muscles, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Masticatory force, Skeletal muscle, Facial nerve, Dorsum, Trigeminal nerve, Biology, Anatomy, Digastric muscle, and Fibre type

Human masticatory muscles, innervated by the trigeminal nerve, differ in fibre-type composition from limb and trunk muscles, but the anterior and the posterior belly of the human digastric muscle, innervated by the trigeminal and facial nerves, respectively, do not. The major and minor zygomatic muscles from adult males, which originate from the second branchial arch and are supplied by the facial nerve, were analysed enzyme-histochemically and compared with the first dorsal interosseus hand muscle, which has spinal innervation and, like the masticatory and facial muscles, a large cortical representation. Both zygomatic muscles had a marked predominance of type II fibres, the minor one having the largest proportion (89.1 per cent) ever reported in human skeletal muscle. Besides type I, IIA, IIB, and a few type IIC fibres, there was a large group with an ATPase reaction at pH 4.6, between that of type IIA and type IIB, and termed IIAB. This fibre-type profile may reflect a special isomyosin composition. Type I and II fibres were of about equal diameter, corresponding to that of type I fibres in the masticatory muscles. Individual and intra-muscular variability in fibre size and shape was considerable. The unusually high frequency of type II fibres in the zygomatic muscles suggests that they have fast-contraction properties and relatively large motor units, and therefore are poorly adapted to finely-graded movements. The absence of muscle spindles supports this view. The hand muscle had a chequer-board pattern of type I, IIA and IIB fibres, similar to that of large limb and trunk muscles, with no difference between its two heads. Its predominance of type I fibres, and the occurrence of spindles indicates a capacity for finely-graded activity and resistance to fatique. These differences between the facial, masticatory, digastric and hand muscles imply that functional requirements are of greater importance for muscle differentiation than embryologic origin and nerve supply.

Insect Science, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Zoology, Reduviidae, Taxonomy (biology), Synonym, Key (lock), Paratype, Heteroptera, and Holotype

Eleven species of Zelus Fabricius (1803) are found in the West Indies. These are divided into two groups, insular and continental. The first group contains four closely related species known only from the West Indies: Z. subimpressus Stal, Z. zayasi Bruner & Barber, Z. bruneri de Zayas, and Z. puertoricensis , n. sp. The last group contains seven species that have been introduced to the West Indies from South or Central America: Z. longipes (L.), Z. prolixus Stal, Z. illotus Berg, Z. impar Kuhlgatz, Z. minutus , n. sp., Z. vespiformis , n. sp., and Z. korystos , n. sp. Keys, lists of synonymy, distributions, discussions, and figures of the male genitalia are provided.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Nymph, Biology, Miridae, biology.organism_classification, Liorhyssus hyalinus, Leptoglossus, Orchard, Lygus hesperus, Coreidae, Phytocoris, food.ingredient, food, Botany, and Horticulture

Two insecticides (carbaryl and permethrin) failed to control epicarp lesion (EL) in a pistachio orchard at Winters, Calif., because several hemipterous insect species continually invaded the orchard. Beating-tray and sweep-net samples revealed high adult populations of Psallus vaccinicola (Knight), Psallus ancorifer (Feiber), and Liorhyssus hyalinus (F.). Nymphs and adults of a Neurocolpus sp., Calocoris norvegicus (Gmelin), Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal), Lygus hesperus (Knight), and Leptoglossus clypealis (Heidemann) also were collected. A Phytocoris sp. (Miridae) was captured in a sticky trap placed in the orchard. Psallus vaccinicola, Neurocolpus sp., C. norvegicus, Phytocoris sp., and the rhopalid L. hyalinus induced EL on young pistachio fruits from early April to late May, while the pericarp firmness was ≤1.8 kg force. In contrast, nymphs and adults of T. pallidovirens and L. clypealis were able to cause EL until late June (pericarp firmness, 4.0 kg force), and kernel necrosis (KN) thereafter (pericarp firmness, 5.5–6.0 kg force). All insect species appeared to prefer feeding in or near the base of the fruit, which lignified later than the fruit apex. Also, significantly less KN (19–34%) developed in clusters protected with net bags compared with uncaged controls (48–65% KN).

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Delphacidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Homoptera, Phenology, Cynodon dactylon, Planthopper, Botany, PEST analysis, Fauna, and Leafhopper

A survey of the leafhopper and planthopper fauna of bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.), was conducted in Georgia during 1985 and 1986. Four species of delphacid planthoppers and 28 species of leafhoppers were collected. Leafhopper species accounting for at least 1% of the total number of adult leafhoppers in both years were Endria inimica (Say), Exitianus exitiosus (Uhler), Graminella nigrifrons (Forbes), G. sonora (Ball), Polyamia weedi (Van Duzee), Planicephalus flavocostatus (Van Duzee), Psammotettix lividellus (Zetterstedt), and Stirellus bicolor (Van Duzee). These species collectively represented 92.3 and 95.1% of all specimens collected in 1985 and 1986, respectively. Liburniella ornate (Stal) was the most abundant planthopper in 1985, whereas Delphacodes propinqua (Fieber) was the predominant planthopper in 1986. E. exitiosus, E. inimica , G. nigrifrons, P. lividellus, P. weedi , and D. propinqua occurred during the period of greatest reported damage, or in sufficient densities to be suspected of causing economic damage to bermudagrass.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Botany, Leptoglossus, Phenology, Anacardiaceae, Horticulture, Fruit tree, Pentatomidae, Apex (geometry), Coreidae, and food and beverages

Pistachio ( Pistacta vera L.) (‘Kerman’) fruits with fresh-appearing epicarp lesion (EL) symptoms caused by leaffooted bugs ( Leptoglossus spp.) or stinkbugs ( Thyanta pallidovirens Stal) (or both) were collected periodically, and the sites of EL or kernel necrosis (KN) symptoms were recorded. In addition, the sites of KN were determined in randomly collected pistachio samples. Fruit pericarp firmness was determined on symptomless healthy fruits on the base (stem end) and apex of fruits. The percentage of EL initiated at the fruit base increased from about 40% at the end of May to 80% at the beginning of August, suggesting a shift of feeding habits of leaffooted bugs and stinkbugs. Moreover, 60-74% of the Kn symptoms were found at the stem end and along the suture line, in areas of lower pericarp firmness and delayed lignification. Apparently, leaffooted bugs and stinkbugs can locate these softer areas even though they are not visually distinct.

CLASSIFICAÇÃO, ESPÉCIES, and PERCEVEJO-MANCHADOR-DO-ALGODOEIRO

O trabalho objetivou estudar taxonomicamente as oito espécies e uma subespécie do gênero Dysdercus que ocorrem no estado de São Paulo: D. albofasciatus Berg. 1878; D. chaquensis Freiberg, 1947; D. fernaldi fuscofasciatus Blote, 1931; D. honestus Blote, 1931; D. imarginatus Blote, 1931; D. longirostris Stal, 1861; D. maurus Distant, 1901; D. peruvianus Guérin-Menéville, 1831; D. ruficollis (L. 1764). Os exemplares estudados foram identificados pelo autor e provieram das coleções do Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (SP), Instituto Biológico de São Paulo (SP), Coleção Costa Lima da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (PR), Centro de Diagnóstico"Marcos Enrietti"(PR), Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia (PR) e de coletas efetuadas pelo autor nas principais regiões produtoras de algodão do Estado de São Paulo. Com base nas ilustrações dos caracteres analisados (pigóforo, parâmeros e edeago dos machos e gonocoxas e espermateca das fêmeas) elaboraram-se chaves de identificação para machos e fêmeas. Concluiu-se que: a) as espécies mais comumente associadas ao algodoeiro, no Estado de São Paulo são: D. peruvianus, D. maurus, D. ruficollis, D. honestus e D. chaquensis. b) todos os taxa são seguramente identificados com base nas estruturas genitais de machos e fêmeas. c) os padrões de coloração e porte são úteis como caracteres diagnósticos secundários This investigation was developed to study taxonomically the eight species and one subespecies of the genus Dysdercus recorded in São Paulo State: D. alfobasciatus Berg, 1878; D. chaquensis Freiberg, 1947; D. fenaldi fuscofasciatus Blote, 1931; D. honestus Blote, 1931; D. immarginatus Blote, 1931; D. longirostris Stal. 1861; D. maurus Distant, 1901; D. peruvianus Guérin-Menéville, 1831 and D. ruficollis (L.,1764). Species identifications were done by the author. The specimens studied belong to the collections of"Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo","Instituto Biológico de São Paulo","Coleção Costa Lima da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro","Fundação Instituto Agronômico do Paraná","Centro de Diagnóstico Marcos Enrietti", and"Museu de História Natural do Capão da Imbuia". Also, cotton-stainer bugs collected in fields in São Paulo State were studied. Based on illustrations of the ninth segment, parameres and"aedeagus"of the male,"gonocoxae"and spermatheca of the female and chromatic characteristics were prepared identification keys for both male and female. According to the results, the species associated to teh cotton plant, in São Paulo State are: D. peruvianus, D. maurus, D. ruficollis, D. honestus and D. chaquensis. All taxa are properly identified by genitals structures of both male and female. The collors patterns and size are useful as secundaries diagnostic characters

Cell Biology, General Dentistry, General Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Facial nerve, Biology, Buccinator, Anatomy, Muscle fibre, Myofibril, Masticatory force, Cerebral cortex, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Trigeminal nerve, and Fibre composition

Human masticatory muscles, originating from the first branchial arch and innervated by the trigeminal nerve, have a fibre composition distinct from that of limb and trunk muscles. The zygomatic muscles, originating from the second branchial arch and innervated by the facial nerve, differ in fibre composition from either the masticatory or the limb and trunk muscles. To elucidate further the structural basis for function, and the influence of embryological origin and innervation on oro-facial muscles, the buccinator and orbicularis oris muscles, which originate from the second branchial arch and are innervated by the facial nerve, were investigated. Like the masticatory and zygomatic muscles, they have a large representation in the cerebral cortex. Both muscles were composed of type I, type IIA and a few type IIC fibres of about equal diameter. However, the type I fibres had a different myofibrillar ATPase reaction from those in masticatory, zygomatic, limb and trunk muscles; this was a moderate to strong staining at pH 9.4, indicating a special isomyosin composition. Whereas the buccinator was composed of 53% type I fibres, the orbicularis oris had a 71% predominance of type II fibres. In both muscles, the mean fibre diameter and its marked intramuscular variability were similar to earlier findings in the zygomatic muscles. No muscle spindles were found. The large number of type I fibres in the buccinator implies a capacity for endurance during continuous work at relatively low levels of force. The predominance of type II fibres in the orbicularis oris indicates that it is built up of fast-twitch motor units, related to properties such as rapid acceleration and high speed during intermittent oro-facial movements. The similarities and differences in fibre-type composition between the facial, masticatory and limb muscles imply that specific functional demands are of greater importance for muscle differentiation than embryological origin and nerve supply.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Clavigralla tomentosicollis, Field tests, Biology, Coreidae, biology.organism_classification, PEST analysis, Botany, Heteroptera, Vigna, Horticulture, Pest control, business.industry, business, Hemiptera, and food and beverages

A laboratory screening method was developed for evaluating resistance of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp, to Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal. The technique uses dry cowpea seeds, which were judged better than fresh seeds or fresh pods, to identify protracted nymphal development and high cohort mortality. Two wild cowpea relatives, TVNu 72 and TVNu 73, were highly resistant to C. tomentosicollis . Insect mortalities were >85% on the resistant lines as compared to

Insect Science, Tick, biology.organism_classification, biology, Phrase, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae, Zoology, Anatomy, Amblycorypha, Orthoptera, Chorus effect, Sexual attraction, humanities, psychological phenomena and processes, health care economics and organizations, behavioral disciplines and activities, and genetic structures

The sounds made by Amblycorypha parvipennis Stal (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) consist of sequences of phrases produced at rates of 7-9/min with phrases 4-5 s long consisting of an average of 24 phonatomes (20-25°C). Phonatomes consisting of three or four pulse trains generated during a single wingstroke were produced at average rates of 4.5-5.5/s. Adjacent singing males alternate and overlap phrases and, where phrases overlap, phonatomes are synchronized. Although males of several phaneropterine species alternate production of phrases, and one species has been reported occasionally synchronizing lisps, no other orthopteran is known to alternate overlapped phrases and to synchronize phonatomes. Male song phrase intervals are longer during paired chorusing than when males sing alone; this suggests that phrase alternation is the result of one male being inhibited during most of the phrase of another singing katydid. Phaneropterine females typically produce single, short sounds (“ticks”) at species-identifying intervals of 17-1,130 ms following male phrases. Females of A. parvipennis are unique in producing an average of 3.2 ticks/male phrase (range, 1-17; mode, 1) and ticks falling between the phonatomes of male phrases. The only or last female tick usually falls just before (49%) or after (46%) the last phonatome of a male phrase. Sequences of female ticks fall between male phonatomes, and ticks are initiated an average of 120 ms following initiation of the previous male phonatomes. Male phonatome synchrony may have evolved so that females could time their responses and males could perceive female responses.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Circadian rhythm, Pentatomidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Animal science, Diel vertical migration, Rhythm, Heteroptera, Hemiptera, Botany, Fecundity, and PEST analysis

The complete ovipositional rhythms of Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) fed peas, beans, or lentils and the diel ovipositional rhythms when fed beans were determined in the laboratory. The ovipositional response of these insects was significantly affected by the food provided; T. pallidovirens that were provided peas produced significantly more eggs ($\bar x$ = 295) than those provided beans ($\bar x$ = 165) or lentils ($\bar x$ = 122). T. pallidovirens fed peas had constant eggs per clutch (E/C) and number of days between clutches (DBC) over the ovipositional period; whereas those fed beans or lentils had significant negative slope when E/C or DBC were predicted by either days from first oviposition or number of clutches already laid. T. pallidovirens that were fed beans had a consistent diel ovipositional cycle with 1500 and 1700 hours having significantly more oviposition than 400, 1600, 1800, and 1900 hours, which were significantly greater than 200, 2200, 2000, 1400, and 2100 hours, which were significantly greater than the remaining hours. There was also a consistent diel mating cycle for this insect, with 400, 500, 600, and 700 hours having significantly more mating than 800, 900, 2200, 2100, and HOO hours, which were significantly greater than the remaining hours.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Host (biology), Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Fecundity, PEST analysis, Longevity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Pentatomidae, Botany, Horticulture, Sativum, Heteroptera, food and beverages, embryonic structures, and fungi

The effects of pea, Pisum sativum L., and lentil, Lens culinaris Medik., development on reproduction and longevity of Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) were evaluated in the laboratory. Stink bug reproduction and longevity were both significantly affected by the host plants’ developmental stage. The greatest number of eggs, with the highest number of viable eggs and eggs per clutch, were laid and the longest life span occurred on peas or lentils with mature pods. Insects given peas or lentils with flowers and immature pods had shorter life spans and produced significantly fewer total eggs, eggs per clutch, and viable eggs. Almostno eggs were produced by females given seedlings or only flowering host plants.

R ftotlnius pictipes, Biologia, Vetores, Doença de Chagas, and Tripanossomíase americana

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-03-14T18:42:09Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - lonizete Garcia da Silva - 1990.pdf: 1348798 bytes, checksum: 4b6596e2d9b7b68348a50fcf6bf622d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T13:11:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - lonizete Garcia da Silva - 1990.pdf: 1348798 bytes, checksum: 4b6596e2d9b7b68348a50fcf6bf622d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-21T13:11:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - lonizete Garcia da Silva - 1990.pdf: 1348798 bytes, checksum: 4b6596e2d9b7b68348a50fcf6bf622d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-21T13:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - lonizete Garcia da Silva - 1990.pdf: 1348798 bytes, checksum: 4b6596e2d9b7b68348a50fcf6bf622d7 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1990-12 Cegraf Estudou-se a influência da temperatura na biologia de Rhodnius pictipes Stal, 1872 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) tendo em vista a sua criação em laboratório, para testes experimentais em doenças de Chagas e fornecer informações que subsidiem as ações de controle. Os experimentos realizaram-se em duas câmaras climatizadas a 25±0,5° e 30± 1°C, com umidade relativa de 70±5%efotoperíodode 12 horas. Apresentam-se os dados relativos ao ciclo evolutivo, pré-postura, fecundidade e fertilidade. Os valores médios do ciclo evolutivo foram, para machos e fêmeas, respectivamente, de 152, l e 152,0 dias, a 25°C e de 119,7 e 119,4 dias, a 30°C. The influence of temperature on the biology of Rhodnius pictipes Stal, 1872 (Hemiptera, Reduviidae), was studied in order to obtain a larger number of triatominae reared in laboratory. The experiments were performed in two climatized chambers both with humidity of 70±5% and photoperiod of 12 hours. One was maintained at 25±0,5% and the other at 30± 1OC. Data in relation to evolution cycle, period between emergency of adults and first oviposition, fecundity and fertility. The mean duration of the evolutive cycle for males and females were, respectively, of 152,1 and 152,0 days, at 25°C, and 119,7 and 119,4 days, at 30t>C.

Chemistry

The structures of four forms of cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine (CH2NNO2)3 (RDX) were determined by SCF/4-21G ab initio gradient optimization. The forms considered are the chair forms AAA, AAE, AEE and EEE, in which the NO2 groups are either in the axial (A) position or in the equatorial (E) position, except for the EEE form which is nearly planar. The form AAA was identified as the most stable conformation, in agreement with gas phase and solution studies of the compound. Calculations of vibrational frequencies yielded imaginary values for all forms with equatorial NO2 groups. Thus, the latter are not energy minima in SCF/4-21 G space. Even though the 4-21G calculations are rather approximate for compounds of this type, they make it possible to describe characteristic structural trends involving axial and equatorial NO2 groups. Most importantly, axial N-N bonds are considerably longer (by about 0.05 angstrom) than equatorial ones. This finding is in agreement with the hypothesis by Stals that axial N-NO2 bonds in secondary nitramines are weaker than equatorial ones.

Ice cream, cryo-scanning electron microscopy, low-temperature scanning electron microscopy, sublimation, polysaccharides, freeze-concentration, ice crystals, and Food Science

The objective of this study was to investigate techniques suitable for viewing the microstructure of ice cream in the frozen and fully hydrated state using low temperature scanning electron microscopy (L T-SEM), and to examine the microstructure of the frozen product. lee cream bad four distinct structural phases: ice crystals, air bubbles, fat globules and serum. Air bubbles, 10 to 60 ~-tm in diameter, were lined with fat globules, 0.5 to 2.5 J.tnl in diameter. Ice cry stals with a mean di ameter of 40 J.Lffi showed a characteri stic reticulat e structure after sublimation. The appearance of the ice cream micrographs was greatly influenced by the degree of sublimation. Optimum sublimation time prov ided a clearly defined ice crystal socket with network structure remaining. Sublimation was influenced by composition, sample size, specimen holder, and temperature. Although sublimation can be achieved in both the preparation chamber and in the electron microscope, best results were obtained when the sublimation process was observed in the electron microscope.

Triatomíneos, Ciclo evolutivo, Triatoma lecticularia, Tripanossomíase americana, Triatomine, and Evolutive cycle

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T20:13:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ionizete Garcia da Silva - 1993.pdf: 956947 bytes, checksum: b4c17eca62f3df49583fb082b26a5f4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-23T11:55:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ionizete Garcia da Silva - 1993.pdf: 956947 bytes, checksum: b4c17eca62f3df49583fb082b26a5f4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-03-23T11:56:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ionizete Garcia da Silva - 1993.pdf: 956947 bytes, checksum: b4c17eca62f3df49583fb082b26a5f4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-23T11:57:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Ionizete Garcia da Silva - 1993.pdf: 956947 bytes, checksum: b4c17eca62f3df49583fb082b26a5f4b (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 1993-12 Cegraf O ciclo evolutivo de Triatoma lecticularia foi estudado em laboratório, para se conhecer alguns aspectos de sua biologia e dominar lécnicas de criação de trialomíneos para viabilizar o uso dessa espécie nos testes experimentais em doença de Chagas. O período médio de incubação dos ovos de T.JecticuIaria, para machos e fêmeas, foi, respectivamente, de 15,1 e de 15,3 dias. O ciclo evolutivo teve duração média de 318, l dias para machos e de 317,5 dias para fêmeas. Os experimentos foram realizados numa câmara biológica à temperatura de 28° ± 0,1°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 5% e fotoperíodo de 12 h. Evolutive cicie of Triatoma lecticularia (STAI^ 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) The evolutive cycle of Triatoma lecticularia was studied in order to oblain a largcr number of triatomine reared in laboratory to use in experimental tests Chagas' disease. The mean incubation period for males and ícmalcs was, rcspcctively, of 15,1 and 15,3 days. The mean duration of the evolutive cycle for males and females was, respectively, of 318,1 and 317,5 days. The experiment was performed in climatized chamber at 28 ± 0,1°C, 70 ± 5% of relative humidity and photoperiod of 12 hours.

Insect Science, Ontogeny, photoperiodism, Nepidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nepomorpha, Ecology, Nymph, Incubation period, Zoology, Hemiptera, and Heteroptera

Curicta scorpio Stal was reared in the laboratory from egg to adult under a photoperiod of 14:10 (L:D) h at 27.5−28.9°C, and the immature stages were described. The incubation period averaged 11.4 d. Durations of the five subsequent stadia averaged 8.54, 15.29, 13.65, 18.56, and 18.87 d, respectively. Ovipositional behavior is discussed. Ontogeny of some antennal and profemoral structures is considered.

Research Article, Virology, Insect Science, Immunology, Microbiology, Antibody, biology.protein, biology, Viral replication, Immune system, In vivo, Virus, Interferon gamma, medicine.drug, medicine, Spleen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cytokine, and medicine.medical_treatment

The role of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in the resolution of rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection was investigated. In the spleen, IFN-gamma-producing cells reached maximum numbers on day 7 after infection. Prophylactic treatment with high doses of recombinant rat IFN-gamma exerted antiviral activity in fibroblasts and protected immunosuppressed rats against a lethal RCMV challenge. Remarkably, in immunocompetent rats, neutralization of endogenous IFN-gamma activity significantly reduced the numbers of RCMV antigen-expressing cells in the spleen, the predominant site of viral replication. Moreover, protection of radiation-immunosuppressed infected rats by transferred immune T cells was enhanced by coinjection of IFN-gamma neutralizing antibodies. The observations were paralleled by in vitro findings: low concentrations of IFN-gamma enhanced viral replication in both macrophages and fibroblasts. These data suggest that IFN-gamma can play different and even opposite roles in the regulation of RCMV replication in vivo; T lymphocytes may contribute to the progression of RCMV infection by secreting IFN-gamma.

Research Article

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL/P) is a common craniofacial developmental defect. Recent segregation analyses have suggested that major genes play a role in the etiology of CL/P. Linkage to 22 candidate genes was tested in 11 multigenerational families with CL/P, and 21 of these candidates were excluded. APOC2, 19q13.1, which is linked to the proto-oncogene BCL3, gave suggestive evidence for linkage to CL/P. The study was expanded to include a total of 39 multigenerational CL/P families. Linkage was tested in all families, using an anonymous marker, D19S178, and intragenic markers in BCL3 and APOC2. Linkage was tested under two models, autosomal dominant with reduced penetrance and affecteds only. Homogeneity testing on the two-point data gave evidence of heterogeneity at APOC2 under the affecteds-only model. Both models showed evidence of heterogeneity, with 43% of families linked at zero recombination to BCL3 when marker data from BCL3 and APOC2 were included. A maximum multipoint LOD score of 7.00 at BCL3 was found among the 17 families that had posterior probabilities > = 50% in favor of linkage. The transmission disequilibrium test provided additional evidence for linkage with the 3 allele of BCL3 more often transmitted to affected children. These results suggest that BCL3, or a nearby gene, plays a role in the etiology of CL/P in some families.

Letter

Ecology, Aquatic Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Incubation, Microbiology, Virus, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Biology, Inoculation, Marine bacteriophage, Bacteriophage, biology.organism_classification, Bacteria, Plaque-forming unit, and viruses

When host bacterium H3 is cultivated in artificial seawater a t a concentration of 0.6 mg organic nutrients ml-l, its reaction to infection by phage H3/1 changes dramatically with the duration of incubation before phage attack. Cells infected when stlll In their logar~thmic growth phase rapidly produce progeny phage until breakdown of the phage-sensitive population. For cells infected after entering the stationary phase, rate and extent of phage propagation by resting cells decreases for some time, but both parameters rather suddenly increase again for cells infected after prolonged ~ncubation. Phage production may then reach the same level attained by cells infected during logarithmic growth phase; although, with increasing phage concentration, resting cells very effectively become protected from phage attack by pseudolysogeny. This course of events is mainly influenced by the method of incubation of the host (shaken vs still), by the age of the cells before ~nfection, and presumedly by changes in physiological traits of the bacteria when serially subcultured for extended periods of time. The reduct~on in volume of bacterial culture by repeated w~thdrawal of aliquots was found to be of minor importance; however, phaga production was measurably affected by the transfer of cells to fresh receptacles. With cells which entered thcir stationary phase up to 36 h before infection, a n initial phage concentration of between 10 and 10" PFIJ (plaque forming units) ml-' was found to determine the extent, but not the rate, of phage production. The aforementioned observations were also made with cells stal-ved for 3, 8, and 22 additional days before inoculation, except with ~nitial PFU concentrations of 10 and 10' PFU ml-l, when an appreciable increase in phage production was found. In cell suspensions seeded with phage 48 d after set up of the experiment, the highest phage production was found with the lowest initial phage concentration and vice versa. This finding, i.e. the inverse relationship between production and initial concentrat~on, is not in agreement with any of the current hypotheses concerning bacteriophage ecology. K E Y WORDS: Virus. Phage Bacteria. Reproduction

Letter

BIOLOGIA, CONTROLE BIOLÓGICO, CRISOMELÍDEO, PICÃO PRETO, PLANTAS INVASORAS, and RELAÇÃO HOSPEDEIRO-INSETO

A planta invasora Bidens pilosa L. é considerada naturalizada em diversos países, promovendo vários tipos de problemas, tais como: quedas de produção em culturas, efeitos alelopáticos em outras plantas e hospedeira de certas pragas e doenças. Com o intuito de avaliar a especificidade hospedeira do inseto Phaedon pertinax Stal, adaptado à B. pilosa, e o seu potencial como agente controle biológico desta espécie vegetal, estudaram-se 67 plantas, através de testes de não-preferência para alimentação e oviposição, e foram determinados alguns parâmetros de sua biologia, em condições de laboratório e campo, em Jaguariúna, Estado de São Paulo, procurando-se realizar uma avaliação de sua capacidade inata de dano e adequação de uso como agente de controle biológico. Os testes sem chance de escolha para larvas e adultos indicaram que o inseto se desenvolve de maneira satisfatória somente em Bidens spp. e Coreopsis sp., não provocando danos importantes às demais plantas. P. pertinax mostrou ser um inseto oligófago, desenvolvendo-se adequadamente em Bidens spp., restrito a poucas espécies da tribo Heliantheae, apresentando pela sua especificidade hospedeira e informações biológicas obtidas potencial como agente de controle biológico de B. pilosa, havendo algum risco para Coreopsis sp., em locais onde esta planta for considerada como ornamental. Host specificity and biological aspects of Phaedon pertinax Stal, 1860 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) for the biological control of the weed Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae) Bidens pilosa L. is considered an introduced weed in many countries, where it promotes several types of problems, such as decline of crop yield production, allelopathic effects in other plants, hostage for pests and plant diseases. This research deals with evaluation of the insect Phaedon pertinax Stal as a candidate for the biological control of B. pilosa. The experiments were set in Jaguariúna, State of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 67 species of plants were submitted to the insect through tests of non-preference for feeding and oviposition. Some biological parameters of the insect were determined under laboratory and field conditions to evaluate the innate capacity of damage and the suitability of using as the innate capacity of damage and the suitability of using as an agent of biological control. Tests without choice chance for larvae and adults have indicated that the insect has a good development only on Bidens spp. and Coreopsis sp. and did not cause important damages to the other plant species. P. pertinax is an oligophagous insect on Bidens spp. restricted to few species of the tribe Heliantheae. Therefore this insect presents a high potential as an agent of biological control of B. pilosa with some risk to Coreopsis sp. where this plant is considered as an ornamental one.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Rhodnius prolixus, biology.organism_classification, biology, Moulting, Midgut, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Toxin, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Digestion, Manduca sexta, Botany, Microbiology, Aedes aegypti, fungi, and animal structures

Canatoxin is a toxic protein isolated from the jackbean, Canavalia ensiformis. The toxin injected intraperitoneally is lethal for mice and rats; however, it is inactive if given orally. In this study. Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera), Schistocerca Americana (Drury) (Orthoptera), Drosophila melanogester (L.) (Diptera), Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera), Rhodnius prolixus (Stal)(Hemiptera), and Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera) were fed on canatoxin- containing diets. No effects were seen in M. sexta, S. Americana, D. melanogaster or A. aegypti . No traces of canatoxin were found in their feces, suggesting that the protein was digested completely by these insects, which characteristically have a trypsin-based digestion. In contrast, canatoxin was lethal for insects displaying cathepsin-based digestion. Thus, for C. maculatus , a diet containing 0.25% wt:wt canatoxin caused complete inhibition of larval growth. When R. prolixus were fed on canatoxin, 2 effects were seen: impairment of water excretion and increased lethality 48-96 h after feeding. The lethal effect of canatoxin in R. prolixus was blocked partially or completely when the digestion of the toxin by R. prolixus midgut enzymes was impaired. The data showed that canatoxin is highly toxic when ingested by some species of insects but not affecting others, probably in correlation with the characteristics of the digestive process of the insect.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Infestation, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Botany, Biology, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, Solanaceae, Population density, Pentatomidae, Hemiptera, PEST analysis, Horticulture, Fructification, parasitic diseases, fungi, food and beverages, and animal structures

Adult stink bugs were introduced onto caged, bush-type tomatoes to establish the amount of fruit damage resulting from different durations of infestation (up to 20 d), densities (1, 3, 5, and 10 bugs per 2 m of row), species ( Euschistus conspersus Uhler and Chlorochroa uhleri (Stal)) and reduced fruit abundance (75,50, and 0% reduction). Factors that significantly influenced the percentage of tomato fruit damaged were stink bug density and reduced fruit density at constant stink bug densities. Stink bug density affected the number of damaged areas per fruit in 1 of the 2 years of the study. Stink bug species and the number of days of stink bug infestation did not affect the percentage of damaged fruit or the number of damaged areas per fruit. Implications for stink bug management in tomatoes grown in California are discussed.

Insecta, percevejos predadores, criação massal, Animal science, Biology, predatory bugs, and mass rearing

Estudou-se o efeito do extrato de glândulas dorso-abdominais, produtoras de feromônio sexual de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) e de Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), adicionadas em dieta artificial, como atrativo e estimulante alimentar para ninfas desses predadores, comparado com ninfas criadas somente em dieta artificial ou com presas alternativas. O extrato de glândulas pincelado sobre a dieta artificial, apresentou atratividade em 88% de ninfas de P. nigrispinus alimentando-se desta dieta, semelhante àquelas sobre dieta pincelada e contendo o extrato em mistura (10% v/p) (84%) e aquelas alimentadas com a presa alternativa Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (100%). S. cincticeps, apresentou 60 e 56% de ninfas alimentando-se sobre as mesmas dietas, o que foi menor que a percentagem de ninfas alimentando-se na presa alternativa Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (92%). Ninfas de P. nigrispinus e de S. cincticeps, apresentaram pesos semelhantes, com a dieta artificial sem mistura (2,7 e 1,3 mg), com extrato de glândula (2,8 e 1,6 mg), pincelada com o extrato (2,1 e 1,0 mg) e com a dieta artificial com extrato de glândula e pincelada com o mesmo (2,4 e 1,2 mg), respectivamente. No entanto, esses pesos, foram inferiores àqueles obtidos com a presa alternativa (3,1 e 3,0 mg). The attractant and feeding stimulant effects of extracts of dorsal abdominal glands of Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) and Supputius cincticeps (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) added to nymphs' diet were evaluated and compared with stimulant and feeding effects on factitious prey. The extract spread over the diet attracted 88% of nymphs of P. nigrispinus. Similar results were achieved for nymphs feeding on diet with extract (spread over and added - 84%), and using the factitious prey Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) (100%). Nymphs of S. cincticeps feeding on the same diet, showed maximum value of 60 and 56% but lower than that achieved on the factitious prey, Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (92%). Nymphs of P. nigrispinus and S. cincticeps showed similar lower weights when reared on the artificial diet (2.7 and 1.2 mg), respectively, or when reared with extract added to the diet (2.8 and 1.6 mg), extract spread over the diet (2.1 and 1.0 mg), or with extract spread over and added to the diet (2.4 and 1.3 mg) than that on the factitious prey (3.1 and 3.0 mg).

Insecta, Hemiptera, Asopinae, controle biológico, fitofagia, tabela de vida, biology.organism_classification, biology, Heteroptera, Horticulture, Pentatomidae, Eucalyptus, biological control, phytophagy, and life table

Avaliou-se o efeito da alimentação suplementar de folhas de Eucalyptus urophylla, no desenvolvimento e reprodução de Supputius cincticeps (Stal) em laboratório. S. cincticeps foi alimentado com Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) ou T. molitor mais mudas de E. urophylla. A inclusão da planta na alimentação de S. cincticeps, aumentou sua taxa líquida de reprodução Ro (de 7,15 para 24,05), a razão infinitesimal rm (de 0,034 para 0,052), e a razão finita de aumento populacional 1 (de 1,035 para 1,053), em relação ao uso isolado da presa. Conseguiu-se, ainda, aumentar os índices de sobrevivência, a longevidade e a expectativa de vida média para metade da população (ex50), sendo 50,8 e 64,9 dias para os percevejos alimentados com presa e com presa e planta, respectivamente. O predador S. cincticeps apresentou hábitos alimentares que incluem fitofagia e a inclusão da planta na sua dieta, foi vantajosa para a sua criação massal. The effect of supplementary feeding of Supputius cincticeps (Stal) on Eucalyptus urophylla leaves was evaluated in the laboratory. S. cincticeps was fed with Tenebrio molitor (L.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae or T. molitor larvae plus E. urophylla. The inclusion of this plant for S. cincticeps feeding increased its net reproductive rate (Ro) from 7.15 to 24.05, its infinitesimal ratio (rm) from 0.034 to 0.052, and the finite population increase (1) from 1.035 to 1.053, compared to feeding only with the prey. S. cincticeps fed both plant and prey showed higher survival rate, longevity, and life span for half of the population (ex50), which was 50.8 and 64.9 for bugs fed the prey, and prey and plant, respectively. The inclusion of the plant also increased the reproduction rate of S. cincticeps, thus being recommended for mass rearing of this predator.

Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Helianthus annuus, percevejos, Thyanta perditor, Piezodorus guildinii, Biology, Euschistus heros, Horticulture, Sunflower, Nezara viridula, and biology.organism_classification

Realizou-se um levantamento das especies de pentatomideos associadas ao girassol (Helianthus annuus L.) na regiao de Londrina, norte do Parana durante abril-maio de 1997. Seis especies foram capturadas: Euschistus heros (F.), Piezodorus guildinii (West.), Acrosternum armigera (Stal), Nezara viridula (L.), Thyanta perditor (F.) e Thyanta sp. Observou-se ninfas de quatro especies, excecao de P. guildinii e Thyanta sp. Foram coletadas posturas apenas de A. armigera.

Controle biologico, Nutricao, Consumo de alimento, utilizacao de alimento, Biological control, Nutrition, Food intake, Food utilization, controle biológico, nutrição, utilização de alimento, Agronomy and Crop Science, Animal Science and Zoology, Instar, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Horticulture, and Pentatomidae

A pesquisa objetivou determinar se a temperatura e a defesa da presa afetam o consumo e a utilização de larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. por ninfas de Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). Quantificaram-se em cada um dos ínstares do predador Supputius cincticeps os consumos bruto e diário das larvas de T. molitor com e sem defesa, ganho de peso total e ganho de peso diário pelo predador. Foram determinados os efeitos da defesa da presa e da temperatura ambiente no consumo de alimento pelas ninfas de 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º ínstares de S. cincticeps. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Unidade de Controle Biológico da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, em Campina Grande, PB, a 20, 25, e 30ºC, 60±10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo bruto de larvas de T. molitor pelo S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e da temperatura e defesa da presa; o consumo diário de S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, e do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e o ganho de peso de S. cincticeps depende do seu ínstar, da temperatura e da defesa apresentada pelas larvas de T. molitor. O tamanho das larvas de T. molitor funciona como defesa ao ataque de S. cincticeps. The objective of the research was to determine if the temperature and pray defense affect the consumption and utilization of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae by nymphs of Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). The gross and daily consumptions of T. molitor larvae with and without defense by the predator Supputius cincticeps, and the gross and daily weight gains of the predator were quantified. Effects of the prey defense and temperature on the food consumption by the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar nimphs of S. cincticeps were determined. The research was carried out in the Biological Control Unit of the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, at Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, at 20, 25, and 30°C, 60±10% RH and 14L:10D photoperiod. The results showed that the gross consumption of T. molitor larvae by S. cincticeps depends on the predator instar and on temperature, on the predator instar and on the prey defense, and on temperature and on the prey defense; the daily consumption of S. cincticeps depends on its instar and on temperature, and on its instar and on the prey defense; and S. cincticeps weight gain depends on its instar, on temperature and on the prey defense. The size of T. molitor larvae works as a defense to attack of S. cincticeps.

controle biológico, nutrição, consumo de alimento, utilização de alimento, biological control, nutrition, food intake, food utilization, lcsh:Agriculture (General), and lcsh:S1-972

A pesquisa objetivou determinar se a temperatura e a defesa da presa afetam o consumo e a utilização de larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. por ninfas de Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). Quantificaram-se em cada um dos ínstares do predador Supputius cincticeps os consumos bruto e diário das larvas de T. molitor com e sem defesa, ganho de peso total e ganho de peso diário pelo predador. Foram determinados os efeitos da defesa da presa e da temperatura ambiente no consumo de alimento pelas ninfas de 2º, 3º, 4º e 5º ínstares de S. cincticeps. A pesquisa foi conduzida na Unidade de Controle Biológico da Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, em Campina Grande, PB, a 20, 25, e 30ºC, 60±10% UR e fotofase de 14 horas. Os resultados mostraram que o consumo bruto de larvas de T. molitor pelo S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e da temperatura e defesa da presa; o consumo diário de S. cincticeps depende do ínstar do predador e da temperatura, e do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa, e o ganho de peso de S. cincticeps depende do seu ínstar, da temperatura e da defesa apresentada pelas larvas de T. molitor. O tamanho das larvas de T. molitor funciona como defesa ao ataque de S. cincticeps.The objective of the research was to determine if the temperature and pray defense affect the consumption and utilization of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae by nymphs of Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). The gross and daily consumptions of T. molitor larvae with and without defense by the predator Supputius cincticeps, and the gross and daily weight gains of the predator were quantified. Effects of the prey defense and temperature on the food consumption by the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th instar nimphs of S. cincticeps were determined. The research was carried out in the Biological Control Unit of the Embrapa-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Algodão, at Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, at 20, 25, and 30°C, 60±10% RH and 14L:10D photoperiod. The results showed that the gross consumption of T. molitor larvae by S. cincticeps depends on the predator instar and on temperature, on the predator instar and on the prey defense, and on temperature and on the prey defense; the daily consumption of S. cincticeps depends on its instar and on temperature, and on its instar and on the prey defense; and S. cincticeps weight gain depends on its instar, on temperature and on the prey defense. The size of T. molitor larvae works as a defense to attack of S. cincticeps.

Insecta, predator, thermal requirements, predador, exigências térmicas, Larva, photoperiodism, Biology, Predator, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Musca, Animal science, Pentatomidae, and Nymph

O desenvolvimento, a sobrevivência e as exigências térmicas do pentatomídeo predador Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) foram estudados às temperaturas de 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30 e 33°C, umidade relativa de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 14 horas. O período de ovo a adulto variou de 27,7 (30°C) a 121,0 dias (15°C) para indivíduos que originaram machos, e de 30,3 (28°C) a 114,0 dias (15°C) para os que originaram fêmeas. A 33°C não ocorreu eclosão de ninfas de S. cincticeps. A sobrevivência de S. cincticeps na fase de ovo variou de 23,5 (30°C) a 74,6% (25°C). A sobrevivência ninfal de S. cincticeps foi maior a temperaturas moderadas, variando de 3 (15°C) a 56% (20°C). A sobrevivência da forma imatura foi maior a 20°C. As temperaturas bases para ovo, desenvolvimento ninfal e forma imatura foram de 10,7, 11,0 e 12,0°C para indivíduos que originaram machos, e de 10,0, 12,0 e 8,9°C para os que originaram fêmeas. As constantes térmicas para essas fases foram de 84,6, 410,7 e 440,1 graus-dias, e 88,2, 440,1 e 643,1 graus-dias, respectivamente, para indivíduos que deram origem a machos e fêmeas. Development time, survival and thermal requirements of the pentatomid predator Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) were studied at constant temperatures of 15, 18, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30, and 33°C, relative humidity of 70 ± 10% and a 14L:10D photoperiod. Time required for development from egg to adult ranged from 27.7 (30°C) to 121 days (15°C) for individuals that originated males, and from 30.3 (28°C) to 114.0 days (15°C) to those that originated females. At 33°C the nymphs did not hatch. Egg survival ranged from 23.5 (30°C) to 74.6% (25°C). Nymphal survival was highest at moderate temperatures, ranging from 3% (15°C) to 56% (20°C). Immature had highest survival at 20°C. Lower developmental threshold temperatures for egg, nymphal development and immature phases were 10.7, 11.0, and 12.0°C for individuals that originated males, and 10.0, 12.0 and 8.9°C for those that originated females. Thermal constants for egg, nymphal development and immature phases were 84.6, 410.7 and 440.1 degree-days, and 88.2, 440.1 and 643.1 degree-days, respectively, for individuals that originated males and females.

Insecta, asopinae, controle biológico, nutrição, comportamento, Predator, Predation, Biology, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, Pentatomidae, Ecology, Instar, Relative growth rate, Zoology, Nymph, Larva, biological control, nutrition, and behavior

Estudaram-se os efeitos da temperatura e da defesa da presa na utilização de larvas de Tenebrio molitor L. pelas ninfas do predador Supputius cincticeps (Stäl). Constatou-se que o crescimento de S. cincticeps ocorreu em função da defesa da presa e/ou da temperatura. A taxa de consumo relativo de larvas de T. molitor pelo S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador e da temperatura ambiente e também do comportamento de defesa da presa. A eficiência de conversão das larvas de T. molitor ingeridas por ninfas de S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador, da temperatura e da defesa apresentada pela presa. A taxa de crescimento relativo de S. cincticeps dependeu do ínstar do predador e da temperatura do ambiente, e do ínstar do predador e da defesa da presa. The effects of the temperature and of the prey defense on the utilization of Tenebrio molitor L. larvae by the nymphs of the predator Supputius cincticeps (Stäl) were studied. Growth of S. cincticeps was function of the prey defense and/or temperature. The relative consumption rate of T. molitor larvae by S. cincticeps depended on the instar of the predator and on the temperature, and also on the defense behavior of the prey. The efficiency of conversion of T. molitor larvae ingested by nymphs of S. cincticeps depended upon the predator instar, temperature and defense of the prey. The relative growth rate of S. cincticeps was related to predator instar and temperature, and predator instar and defense of the prey.

CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS::ZOOLOGIA::MORFOLOGIA DOS GRUPOS RECENTES [CNPQ], Cicadellinae, Cicadellidae, Hemiptera, Morfologia, Filogenia, Cicadelídeos, and Lissoscarta

Submitted by Alberto Vieira (martins_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2018-02-07T23:24:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 492644.pdf: 9684351 bytes, checksum: f9908407ebf5918b6010cce76c8fb41f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T23:24:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 492644.pdf: 9684351 bytes, checksum: f9908407ebf5918b6010cce76c8fb41f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-12-02 FAPERJ CAPES O gênero neotropical Lissoscarta Stâl é composto por sete espécies conhecidas: L. beckeri Mejdalani & Felix, L. catutara Young, L. nipata Young, L. pebasensis Young, L. pereneensis Young, L. schlingeri Young e L. vespiformis (Fabricius). Essas espécies são muito semelhantes em tennos de coloração e morfologia externa, podendo ser identificadas somente através do estudo da genitália masculina. Os integrantes desse gênero são, aparentemente, mímicos batesianos de vespas da tribo Epiponini (Vespidae: Polistinae). Esse caso de mimetismo envolve não só características morfológicas, mas também aspectos comportamentais. Uma análise filogenética de Lissoscarta (excluindo-se L. pebasensis, conhecida somente por fêmeas), empregando-se os métodos da Sistemática Filogenética (cladística), é apresentada nesta dissertação. A morfologia externa de Lissoscarta, referente aos caracteres utilizados na análise, assim como a morfologia da genitália masculina e a coloração, é detalhadamente descrita. Os grupos-externos, escolhidos pelo critério de similaridade geral com o grupo-interno, foram os seguintes: Amblyscartidia albofasciata (Walker), Dilobopterus exaltatus (Fabricius), Dilobopterus trinotatus (Signoret) e Dilobopterus vicinus (Signoret). A partir da matriz de dados, com 88 caracteres e dez espécies, obteve-se apenas wn diagrama não-enraizado. A condição monofilética de Lissoscarta, subjetivamente baseada na unifonnidade e exclusividade do padrão mimético de suas espécies, é corroborada, sendo agora sustentada por dezesseis sinapomorfias. A presença de uma forte constrição na base do abdome (aspecto singular nos Cicadellini), simulando o pecíolo abdominal das vespas, é uma das mais conspícuas características apomórficas desse gênero. Determinados aspectos possivelmente relacionadas ao mimetismo originaram-se, ao que parece, em Dilobopterus Signoret. Algumas dessas apomorfias são, provavelmente, o resultado de transformações graduais, morfologicamente direcionadas, na linhagem Diloobopterus-lissoscarta. Assim, o gênero neotropical Dilobopterus, com aproximadamente 51 espécies, pode ser um táxon parafilético. Possivelmente, lissoscarta é uma linhagem especializada desse gênero, na qual teriam surgido características miméticas. Os caracteres do pigóforo masculino e do edeago foram os que mais contribuíram para a topologia obtida. Essas estruturas mostram um claro aumento de complexidade morfológica, caracterizado pela variabilidade de formas e pelo surgimento de processos. Por outro lado, os caracteres da morfologia externa e os da coloração foram mais conservativos em Lissoscarta. Esse aspecto pode ser explicado, provavelmente, pelo fato dos últimos caracteres apresentarem condições diretamente relacionadas à composição de um sinal mimético aposemático para o predador. Esse sinal é de um alto valor adaptativo para o mímico, por reduzir o risco de predação. The Neotropical genus Lissoscarta Stâl is composed of seven known species: L. beckeri Mejdalani & Felix, L. catutara Young, L. nipata Young, L. pebasensis Young, L. pereneensis Young, L. schlingeri Young, and L. vespiformis (Fabricius). These species are ve1y similar in terms of color and externai morphology and can be identified only through the study of the male genitalia. The members of this genus are apparently Batesian mimics of wasps of the tribe Epiponini (Vespidae: Polistinae). This case of mimicry involves morphological and behavioral features. A phylogenetic analysis of Lissoscarta (excluding L. pebasensis, known only from females) employing the methodology of Phylogenetic Systematics (cladistics) is presented in this study. The external morphology of Lissoscarta with regard to the characters employed in the analysis, as well as the morphology of the male genitalia and the coloration, is detailly described. The following outgroups were selected through the criterion of general similarity with the ingroup: Amblyscartidia albofasciata (Walker), Dilobopterus exaltatus (Fabricius), Dilobopterus trinotatus (Signoret), and Dilobopterus vicinus (Signoret). Only one unrooted diagram was obtained from the data matrix, which included 88 characters and ten species. The monophyletic condition of Lissoscarta is supported by sixteen synapomorphies. The monophyly of this genus, which was subjectively based on the uniformity and exclusiveness of the mimetic pattem of its species, is thus corroborated. One of the most conspicuous apomorphic features of Lissoscarta is the abdomen strongly constricted at the base (a unique aspect within the Cicadellini), which simulates the abdominal petiole of the wasps. Some mimicry-related features of Lissoscarta apparently originated in Dilobopterus Signoret. Severa] of these apomorphies are probably the result of gradual, morphologically directed transfonnations in the Dilobopterus-Lissoscarta lineage. Tirns, the Neotropical genus Dilobopterus, which has about 5 l species, may be a paraphyletic taxon. Lissoscarta is possibly a specialized lineage of this genus in which mimetic features have arisen. Characters from the male pygofer and from the aedeagus were the ones that contributed mostly to the obtained topology. TI1ese structures show a clear increase in morphological complexity that is characterized by the variability of shapes and development of processes. On the other hand, the characters from the externai morphology and from the coloration were more conservative in Lissoscarta. This aspect may be explained by the direct relationship of states of these characters with the composition of the aposematic mimetic signal to the predator. This signal has a high significance in fitness to the mimic, due to the reduction of the risk of predation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T19:51:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0034395532.pdf: 54360 bytes, checksum: 089887935389d43cc656fb3703cd154f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T14:47:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0034395532.pdf: 54360 bytes, checksum: 089887935389d43cc656fb3703cd154f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 The effect of adults of the spittlebug (Deois flavopicta Stal) movement in their population dynamics was evaluated in pastures of Brachiaria ruziziensis in Brasília, DF, Brazil. Plastic panels containing adesive trap were used to monitorate the movement rates. The data suggest a lack of pattern related to the geographical position of the traps. Vegetation landscapes similar to pastures fields around the study area seemed to favour the dispersion, whilst Cerrados or wood vegetation in the neighborhood inhibted insect dispersion toward this direction and increased return rate of spittlebugs to the pasture. Spittlebugs moved mainly by short, low jumping flights (bellow 1 m). A proportion of 4:1 male:female was captured in the traps, indicating that males move more than females. The movement of marked and recaptured populations was monitored with non-toxic fluorescent powder. Speed rates lower than 5 m/day was observed. Adult dispersion movement, apparently, does not contribute significantly to the loss or recruitment of individuals to populations of D. flavopicta. Consequently, there is no need to consider this movement in modeling this insect population dynamics. Migration may have a role in this dynamics except in some cases, such as outbreaks and local extinction. 35 3 471 480 Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R., (1996) Ecology: Individuals, Population and Communities. 3.ed., 1068p. , Oxford : Blackwell Carneiro, M.F., Da Cunha, H.F., (1984) Avaliação de Danos e Controle Da Cigarrinha-das- Pastagens (Deois Flavopicta) Na Cultura Do Milho, 14p. , Goiânia : EMGOPA, (EMGOPA. Boletim de pesquisa, 7) Cosenza, G.W., Naves, M.A., (1980) O Controle Da Cigarrinha Das Pastagens, 4p. , Brasilia : Embrapa-CPAC, (Embrapa-CPAC. Comunicado técnico, 6) Fontes, E.M.G., Pires, C.S.S., Sujii, E.R., Mixed risk-spreading strategies and the population dynamics of a Brazilian pasture pest, Deois flavopicta (1995) Journal of Economic Entomology, 88 (5), pp. 1256-1262 Garcia, M.A., Altieri, M.A., Explaining differences in flea beetle Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze densities in simple and mixed broccoli cropping systems as a function of individual behavior (1992) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 62, pp. 201-209 Kalvelage, H., Buzzi, Z.J., Ciclo de vida da cigarrinha Deois schach (Homoptera: Cercopidae) a duas temperaturas (1986) Anais Da Sociedade Entomológica Do Brasil, 15 (1), pp. 113-136 Kareiva, P.M., Local movement in herbivorous insects: Applying a passive diffusion model to mark-recapture field experiments (1983) Oecologia, 57, pp. 322-327 Koller, W.W., Honer, M.R., Desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de ninfas da cigarrinha-das-pastagens (Homoptera: Cercopidae) sobre plantas de Brachiaria decumbens com diferentes características morfológicas (1994) Anais Da Sociedade Entomológica Do Brasil, 23 (2), pp. 163-170 Kuo, J., Fox, E., Macdonald, S., (1992) Sigmastat: Statistical Software for Working Scientists. User's Manual, , San Francisco : Jandel Scientific De Menezes, M., El-Kadi, M.K., Pereira, J.M., Ruiz, M.A.M., (1983) Bases para O Controle Integrado Das Cigarrinhas Das Pastagens Na Região Sudeste Da Bahia, 33p. , Ilhéus : CEPLAC-CEPEC Nilakhe, S.S., Buainain, C.M., Observations on movement of spittlebug adults (1988) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 23 (2), pp. 123-134. , Brasília Nilakhe, S.S., Da Silva, A.A., Cavaccione, I., Souza, A.R.R., (1984) Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Em Cultura de Arroz e Sugestões para O Seu Controle, 6p. , Campo Grande : Embrapa-CNPGC, (Embrapa-CNPGC. Comunicado técnico, 24) Pacheco, J.M., (1981) Aspectos Da Biologia e Ecologia de Deois Flavopicta (Stal, 1954) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) Na Região de São Carlos, 111p. , São Paulo : UFSCar, Tese de Doutorado Rabb, R.L., Stinner, R.E., The role of insect dispersal and migration in population process (1978) Workshop Radar: Insect Population Ecology and Pest Management, 1978, Virginia, EUA. Proceedings, pp. 3-14. , Virginia : NASA, (NASA. Conference publication, 2070) Santos, P.J., Cruz, I., Botelho, W., (1982) Avaliação de Dano e Controle Das Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Em Plantas de Milho Com Diferentes Idades, 9p. , Sete Lagoas : Embrapa-CNPMS, (Embrapa-CNPMS. Pesquisa em andamento, 2) Stoporoli Neto, A., Pacheco, J.M., Motta, L., Pavan, C., Métodos de obtenção de ovos de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Deois spp. (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1985) Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 29 (3-4), pp. 523-533 Stoporoli Neto, A., Pavan, C., Novo método de criação de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1984) Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 19 (10), pp. 1185-1196. , Brasília Sujii, E.R., (1998) Modelagem e Simulação Da Dinâmica Populacional Da Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois Flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae), 239p. , Campinas : UNICAMP, Tese de Doutorado Sujii, E.R., (1994) Padrão de Distribuição Das Populações Anuais e Modelo Fenológico para O Manejo Da Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois Flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae), 77p. , Campinas : UNICAMP, Tese de Mestrado Valerio, J.R., Nakano, O., Danos causados pelo adulto de cigarrinha-das-pastagens Zulia entreriana (Berg, 1879) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em plantas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf mantidas em diferentes níveis de umidade (1987) Anais Da Sociedade Entomológica Do Brasil, 16 (2), pp. 341-350 Valerio, J.R., Nakano, O., Locais de alimentação e distribuição vertical de adultos da cigarrinha Zulia entreriana (Berg, 1879) (Homoptera:Cercopidae) em plantas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf (1988) Anais Da Sociedade Entomológica Do Brasil, 17 (2), pp. 519-529 Wilkinson, L., (1990) SYSTAT: the System for Statistics, 676p. , Evanson, Illinois : SYSTAT

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Malvaceae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Fiber crop, engineering.material, engineering, Trap crop, Pentatomidae, Oebalus pugnax, Nezara viridula, Botany, Heteroptera, Agronomy, and Crop

Two soybean varieties (early-maturing group V and late-maturing group VII) and two cotton varieties (conventional and transgenic (Bt) were grown in adjacent replicated large field plots (≈0.1 ha each) at two locations for 3 yr. The dynamics and relative abundance of phytophagous stink bugs within these two crops were observed. The most abundant pentatomid species in both crops for all 3 yr were Nezara viridula (L.), Acrosternum hilare (Say), and Euschistus servus (Say). Several other species also were commonly collected. This is the first record of Mormidea lugens (F.) on soybean and E. quadrator Rolston, E. obscurus (Palisot), Holcostethus limbolarius (Stal), and Oebalus pugnax (F.) on cotton. Stink bugs began arriving in soybean when plant growth stages ranged from pod formation to full seed development. Peak numbers of these insects were found in soybean from the time of full-size seeds in the pods until early maturity. The bugs were first attracted to the earlier maturing cultivar (group V), ...

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Coleoptera, and Dryophthoridae

Piotr Naskrecki (2000): Katydids of Costa Rica / Vol. 1, Systematics and bioacoustics of the cone-head katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae sensu lato). Philadelphia, PA: The Orthopterists Society at the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia,, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.270035
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D. 1997.Acoustic communication in Orthoptera. In: The bionomics of grasshoppers, katydids and their kin, S. K. Gangwere, M. C. Muralirangan and Meera Muralirangan, Ed., pp. 197-230, CAB International.","Grist, D. H. and R. J. A. W. Lever 1969. Pests of rice, London, 520 pp.","Gurney, A. B. 1959.New records of Orthoptera and Dermaptera from the United States. Flor. Ent. 42(2): 75-80.","Gwynne, D. T. 1977. Mating behavior of Neoconocephalus ensiger (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with notes on the calling song. Canad. Ent. 109: 237-242.","Gwynne, D. T. 1985. Role reversal in katydids: habitat influ- ences reproductive behaviour (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae, Metaballus sp.). Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 16,","Gwynne, D.T., and Bailey, W.J.1988. Mating system, mate choice and ultrasonic calling in a zaprochiline katydid (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Behaviour 105: 202-223.","Hayes, M.P., and Rentz, D. C. 1986. 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G. 1946. One new genus and six new species of Central American and Colombian Pseudophyllinae. Trans. Amer. Ent.. Soc. 72: 1-26.","Rehn, J. A. G., and Hebard, M. 1914.A revision of the orthopterous group Insarae (Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 40: 37-184.","Rehn, J. A. G., and Hebard, M. 1915a. Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). IV. A synopsis of the species of the genus Orchelimum. Trans. Amer. Ent. Soc. 61: 11-83.","Rehn, J. A. G., and Hebard, M. 1915b. Studies in American Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera). VI. A synopsis of the species of the genus Conocephalus found in America south of the southern border of the United States.Trans.Amer.Ent. Soc.61: 225-290.","Rentz, D. C. 1975. Two new katydids of the genus Melanonotus from Costa Rica with comments on their life history strategies (Tettigoniidae:Pseudophyllinae).Ent.News 86: 129-140.","Rentz, D. C. F. 1976. Systematics, behavior and bionomics of Costa Rican katydids of the genus Sphyrometopa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Agraeciinae). Ent. News 87: 189-202.","Rentz, D. C. F. 1979. Comments on the classification of the orthopteran family Tettigoniidae, with a key to subfamilies and description of two new subfamilies. Aust. J. Zool. 27: 991-1013.","Rentz, D. C. F. 1983.Orophus conspersus (esperanza, bushcricket). In: Costa Rican Natural History, D. H. Janzen, Ed., pp. 794- 750, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois.","Robinson, D. 1990. Acoustic communication between the sexes in buscrickets. In: The Tettigoniidae:Biology, Systematics and Evolution, W. J. Bailey and D. C. F. Rentz (Eds.), pp. 112-129, Springer - Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.","Saul-Gershenz, L. S. 1993. Notes on the captive life history of the carnivorous katydid Lirometopum coronatum Scudder (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) from Costa Rica. Amer. Zool. 33: 139-143.","Saussure, d. H., and Pictet, A., 1898. Orthoptera, In: Biologia Centrali-Americana, Vol. I.","Simmons, L. W. 1992. Quantification of role reversal in relative parental investment in a bush-cricket. Nature 358: 61-63.","Stiedl, O., K. Kalmring. 1989. The importance of song and vibratory signals in the behaviour of the bushcricket Ephippiger ephippiger Fiebig (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae): taxis by females. Oecologia 80: 142-144.","Toledo Piza, de, S. 1974. Phaneropterinos Novos de Costa Rica (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Studia Ent. 17(1-4): 543-549.","Walker, T. J. and Gurney, A. B. 1972. Systematics and acoustic behaviour of Borinquenula, a new genus of brachypterous coneheaded katydids endemic to Puerto Rico (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Copiphorinae). Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer. 65, 460-474.","Walker, T. J., and Greenfield, M. D. 1983. Songs and systematics of Carribean Neoconocephalus (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Trans. Amer. Ent.. Soc. 109: 357-389.","Walker, T. J., J. J. Whitesell, and R. D.Alexander 1973. The robust cone-head: two widespread sibling species (Orthoptera:Tettigoniidae: Neoconocephalus \"robustus\"). Ohio J.Sci. 73: 321-330.","Young, A. M. 1977. New record of neotropical katydid Celidophylla albimacula (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and parasitism, from Costa Rica. Ent. News 88 (7 and 8): 210-212.","Zayas, d., F. 1974. Orden Orthoptera, In: Entomofauna Cubana, Vol. 3, Editorial Cientifico-Tecnica, La Habana, pp. 58-101.","Zimmerman, E. C.1948. Insects of Hawaii. Vol. 2. Apterygota to Thysanoptera, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu.","chrecken. Okologie in Fors. und Anwendung 1. 358 pp.","Heller, K.-G. 1990. Evolution of song pattern in East Mediterranean Phaneropterinae:Constraints by the Communication System. In: The Tettigoniidae: Biology, Systematics and Evolution, W.J. Bailey and D. C. F.Rentz (Eds.), pp. 130-151, Springer - Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg New York.","Herrera-Soto, W. and L. D. Gomez-Pignataro 1993. Mapa de unidades bioticas de Costa Rica. 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Insect Science, Horticulture, Cercopidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Homoptera, Brachiaria, Deois flavopicta, Brachiaria ruziziensis, Host (biology), Fecundity, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Insecta, dinâmica de populações, biologia reprodutiva, interação inseto-planta, surtos populacionais, population dynamics, reproductive biology, insect-plant interaction, and population outbreaks

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-26T14:44:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-52549102798.pdf: 108262 bytes, checksum: 6c8be3d16cdacfeb62da09232013ac96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T14:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2-s2.0-52549102798.pdf: 108262 bytes, checksum: 6c8be3d16cdacfeb62da09232013ac96 (MD5) 2-s2.0-52549102798.pdf.txt: 23774 bytes, checksum: 338e63cdbbe7e9074ede8513610c7829 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 The spittlebug Deois flavopicta Stal (Hom.: Cercopidae) occurs naturally on native grasses in Central Brazil in low population densities. After the introduction of African grasses, mainly of the genus Brachiaria, for cattle raising, D. flavopicta began to produce population outbreaks and became a pest. Two studies were conducted, aiming to estimate the effects of a native and an exotic host plant on the fecundity of this insect. Females of D. flavopicta maintained during the adult stage on Brachiaria ruziziensis produced more eggs and lived longer than those maintained on Axonopus marginatus (a native grass widely distributed in Brazil), independently of the host plant on which the nymphs were reared. Due to the severe damage produced by adult D. flavopicta on the host plant, the effect of insect density on its own reproductive capacity was evaluated in oviposition cages containing plants of B. ruziziensis, standardized in height and stem number. Densities of one, two, three, four and six couples with virgin females were evaluated. Population densities of three couples, equivalent to 150 adults/m2, or higher decreased insect's fecundity. These results contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms that determine low levels of spittlebug populations in the native grasses and promote population outbreaks in introduced ones. 30 4 547 552 Begon, M., Mortimer, M., (1986) Population Ecology: A Unified Study of Animals and Plants. 2nd Ed., , Oxford, Blackwell, 220p Berryman, A.A., The theory and classification of outbreaks (1987) Insect Outbreaks, pp. 3-28. , P. Barbosa & J.C. Schultz (eds.), New York, Academic Pres, 578p Boddey, R.M., Victoria, R.L., Estimation of biological nitrogen fixation associated with Brachiaria and Paspalum grasses using 15N labelled organic matter and fertilizer (1986) Plant Soil, 90, pp. 265-313 Cavalcante, P.B., Contribuição ao estudo dos corpos silicosos das gramíneas amazônicas (1968) Botânica, 30, pp. 1-26 Döbereiner, J., Pedrosa, F.O., (1987) Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria in Nonleguminous Crop Plants, , New York, Spring-Verlag, 155p Fontes, E.M.G., Pires, C.S., Sujii, E.R., Mixed risk-spreading strategies and the population dynamics of a brazilian pasture pest, Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1995) J. Econ. Entomol., 88, pp. 1256-1262 Ferrufino, A., Lapointe, S.L., Host plant resistance in Brachiaria grasses to the spittlebug Zulia colombiana (1989) Entomol. Exp. Appl., 51, pp. 155-162 Haukioja, E., Effects of food and predation on population dynamics (1993) Caterpillars: Ecological and Evolutionary Constraints on Foraging, pp. 425-447. , N.E. Stamp & T.M. Casey (eds.), New York, Chapman and Hall, 587p Hewitt, G.B., Enviromental factors affecting spittlebug egg survival during the dry season in Central Brazil (1986) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 21, pp. 1237-1243 Hewitt, G.B., Nilakhe, S.S., Enviromental factors affecting the survival of eggs and early instar nymphs of spittlebugs Zulia entreriana and Deois flavopicta during the rainy season in central Brazil (1986) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 15, pp. 61-76 Klink, C.A., Effects of clipping on size and tillering of native and African grasses of Brazilian savannas (the cerrado) (1984) Oecologia, 70, pp. 365-376 Kuo, J., Fox, E., MacDonald, S., (1992) Sigmastat: Statistical Software for Working Scientist. User's Manual, , San Francisco, Jandel Scientific Melo, L.A.A., Silveira Neto, S., Villa Nova, N.A., Reis, P.R., Influência de elementos climáticos sobre a população de cigarrinhas das pastagens (1984) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 19, pp. 9-19 De Menezes, M., El Khadi, M.K., Pereira, J.M., Ruiz, M.A.M., (1983) Bases para O Controle Integrado Das Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Na Região Sudeste Da Bahia, , CEPLAC-CEPEC, Ilhéus, 33p Milanez, J.M., Parra, J.R.P., Menezes, M., Influência de alguns fatores climáticos nas flutuações populacionais de Zulia entreriana (Berg, 1879) e Deois flavopicta (Stal, 1854) nas regiões de Nova Odessa e Piracicaba, Estado de São Paulo (1981) Rev. Theobroma, 11, pp. 219-228 Oomen, P.A., A population study of the spittle bugs Aeneolamia occidentalis (Walk.) and Prosapia simulans (Walk.) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Mexican Pangola pastures (1975) Z. Ang. Entomol., 79, pp. 225-238 Pacheco, J.M., (1981) Aspectos Da Biologia e Ecologia de Deois Flavopicta (Stal, 1854) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) Na Região de São Carlos, , Tese de doutorado, UFSCa, São Paulo, 111p Pires, C.S.S., Sujii, E.R., Fontes, E.M.G., Tauber, C.A., Tauber, M.J., Dry-season dormancy in eggs of Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae): Roles of temperature and moisture in nature (2000) Environ. Entomol., 29, pp. 714-720 Pires, C.S.S., Price, P.W., Fontes, E.G., Preference performance linkage in the neotropical spittlebug Deois flavopicta, and its relation to the phylogenetic constraints hypothesis (2000) Ecol. Entomol., 25, pp. 71-80 Pires, C.S.S., Price, P.W., Oliveira, R.C., Distribution of the spitttlebug Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) on wild and cultivated host species (2000) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 29, pp. 401-412 Raven, J.A., Phytophages of xylem and phloem: A comparison of animal and plant sap-feeders (1983) Adv. Ecol. Res., 13, pp. 135-234 Sanders, C.J., Knight, F.B., Natural regulation of the aphid Pterocomma populifoliae on bigtooth aspen in northern lower Michigan (1968) Ecology, 49, pp. 234-244 Sendulsky, T., Labouriau, L.G., Corpos silicosos de gramíneas dos Cerrados - I (1966) An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 38, pp. 159-185 Stoporoli-Neto, A., Pacheco, J.M., Motta, L., Pavan, C., Métodos de obtenção de ovos de cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Deois spp. (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1985) Rev. Bras. Entomol., 29, pp. 523-533 Sujii, E.R., Garcia, M.A., Fontes, E.M.G., Carvalho, V., Efeito da temperatura e umidade sobre o término diapausa de ovos e densidade populacional da cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois flavopicta (Stal) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1995) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 24, pp. 465-478 Sujii, E.R., (1998) Modelagem e Simulação Da Dinâmica Populacional Da Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois Flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae), , Tese de doutorado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, 239p Thompson, V., Spittlebug indicators of nitrogen-fixing plants (1994) Ecol. Entomol., 19, pp. 391-398 Valério, J.R., Spittlebugs: Important pasture pests in Brazil (1988) Tymbal, 12, pp. 14-16

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-26T14:43:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0035502519.pdf: 349428 bytes, checksum: 1be595398259ca66168bb25e9f56fe2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T14:17:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2-s2.0-0035502519.pdf: 349428 bytes, checksum: 1be595398259ca66168bb25e9f56fe2d (MD5) 2-s2.0-0035502519.pdf.txt: 26617 bytes, checksum: 003d2afff3c86c2f524a385a1354c6e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 Diapausing eggs of the neotropical pasture pest, Deois flavopicta (Stal) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), were exposed to low overnight temperatures that simulated field conditions during the dry season (23/12, 23/15 and 23/18°C day/night), for different periods (0-60 days). After treatment, eggs were kept at 28°C and contact water (100% humidity) until hatching. A group of diapausing eggs were kept all the time under this last condition as a control treatment. Time for hatching (in degree-days) was reduced with decrease in low overnight temperature and increase of exposure time to these cold shocks, although there was no interaction between the factors. Regression of exposure time to cold shock influencing the expected mean hatching time produced independent equations for temperatures below 18°C and 15°C. We constructed a model that simulates the expected proportion of the population hatching after the beginning of rainy season based on regression equations to mean hatching time and associated standard deviation. The simulation generated for the model correlated significantly with nymphal population observed in the field. These results showed that overnight soil temperatures below 18°C, as occurs in Central and South-eastern Brazil between May and August, shorten the period of diapause, increase quiescent eggs in the soil, and may synchronize the population hatching. 61 4 605 613 Botelho, W., Reis, P.R., Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Homoptera - Cercopidae em Brachiaria decumbens sob diferentes cargas animais (1980) Epamig. Projeto Bovinos, Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, pp. 101-111. , Relatório 1974/79. Epamig, Belo Horizonte Cosenza, G.W., Naves, M.A., (1980) O Controle da Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, 4p. , Embrapa/CPAC, Brasília, Embrapa/CPAC, Comunicado Técnico, 6 Fontes, E.M.G., Pires, C.S.S., Sujii, E.R., Mixed risk-spreading strategies and the population dynamics of a brazilian pasture pest, Deois flavopicta (1995) Jour. Econ. Entomol., 88 (5), pp. 1256-1262 Garrido, W.E., De Azevedo, L.G., Jarreta-Junior, M., (1982) O Clima da Região Dos Cerrados em Relação À Agricultura, 37p. , Embrapa/CPAC, Planaltina, DF, Embrapa/CPAC, Circular Técnica 9 Koller, W.W., (1991) Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens (Homoptera: Cercopidae): Porcentagem de Ovos Diapáusicos Ovipositados em Diferentes Datas do Período de Infestação e a sua Relação com Condições Climáticas que Precederam Cada Oviposição, 106p. , Tese de Doutorado, UFPR Kuo, J., Fox, E., Macdonald, S., (1992) Sigmastat: Statistical Software for Working Scientists, , Jandel Scientific, San Francisco Magalhães, B.P., Parra, J.R.P., De Silva, A.B., Técnica de criação e biologia de Deois incompleta em Brachiaria (1987) Pesq. Agrop. Bras., 22 (2), pp. 137-144 Oomen, P.A., A population study of the spittlebugs, Aeneolamia occidentalis (Walk) and Prosapia simulans (Walk) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) in Mexican Pangola pastures (1975) Z. Ang. Entomol., 79, pp. 225-238 Pires, C.S.S., Fontes, E.M.G., Lima, L.H.C., Gomes, D.F., Influência do fotoperíodo sobre o término da diapausa de Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1991) Cong. Bras. de Entomologia, 1, 366p. , p. 203. 13. Resumos, SEB, Recife Pires, C.S.S., Sujii, E.R., Fontes, E.M.G., Tauber, C.A., Tauber, M.J., Dry-season embryonic dormancy in Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae): roles of temperature and moisture in nature (2000) Env. Entomol., 29 (4), pp. 714-720 Reis, P.R., Silveira Neto, S., Botelho, W., Gaieras, L.A.C., Flutuação populacional da cigarrinhadas-pastagens (Homoptera: Cercopidae) e condições climáticas que influenciam sua ocorrência (1980) Epamig. Projeto Bovinos, Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, 153p. , pp. 6065. Relatório 1974-1979. Epamig, Belo Horizonte Snedcor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., (1980) Statistical Methods. 7.ed., 507p. , Iowa State University, Iowa Sujii, E.R., Garcia, M.A., Fontes, E.M.G., Carvalho, V., Efeito da temperatura e umi dade sobre o término da diapausa de ovos e densidade populacional da cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois flavopicta (Stal) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1995) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil., 24 (3), pp. 465-478 Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Nyrop, J.P., Villani, M.G., Moisture, a vital but neglected factor in the seasonal ecology of insects: Hypothesis and tests of mechanisms (1998) Env. Entomol., 27, pp. 523-530 Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Nyrop, J.P., Soil moisture and postdormancy emergence of Colorado Potato Beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae): descriptive model and field emergence patterns (1994) Env. Entomol., (23), pp. 1485-1496 Tauber, M.J., Tauber, C.A., Masaki, S., (1986) Seasonal Adaptations of Insects, 411p. , Oxford University Press, New York Valério, J.R., Obtenção de ovos de cigarrinhas (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em Ágar-água (1993) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil., 22 (3), pp. 583-590 Valério, J.R., Koller, W.W., (1992) Proposição Para O Manejo Integrado das Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens, 37p. , Embrapa/CNPGC, Campo Grande Valério, J.R., Nakano, O., Danos causados pelo adulto de cigarrinha-das-pastagens Zulia entreriana (Berg, 1879) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em plantas de Brachiaria decumbens Stapf mantidas em diferentes níveis de umidade (1987) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil., 16 (2), pp. 341-350 Wilkinson, L., (1990) Systat: the System for Statistics: Statistics, 676p. , Evanson, Illinois, Systat Inc

Biodiversity, Taxonomy, Animalia, Arthropoda, Insecta, Hemiptera, Pentatomidae, Thyanta, and Thyanta perditor

Thyanta perditor. Like the previous species, this pentatomid was also found in small numbers on privet. No nymphs and eggs were observed on this plant. This pentatomid inhabits much of northern South America (CALLAN, 1948), but it seems to be more typical of West Indies and Mexico (VAN DUZEE, 1904). WALDBAUER (1977) reported T. perditor as an important pest of soybean in Colombia. In Brazil, it also feeds on soybean, and on wheat, Bidens pilosa L. being its preferred wild host (PANIZZI & HERZOG, 1984). Adults greenish with a red band on pronotum. Females 12.0 mm (n = 5) long, and males 11.0 mm (n = 5). Early instars oval and lightbrown to black. Later instars black with white or yellowish spots on abdomen (GRAZIA et al., 1982).
Published as part of Panizzi, Ant��nio Ricardo & Grazia, Joc��lia, 2001, Stink Bugs (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae) And An Unique Host Plant In The Brazilian Subtropics, pp. 21-35 in Iheringia, S��r. Zool. 90 on page 32, DOI: 10.1590/S0073-47212001000100003, http://zenodo.org/record/3967344
{"references":["VAN DUZEE, E. P. 1904. Annotated list of the Pentatomidae recorded from America North of Mexico, with descriptions of some new species. Trans. Am. ent. Soc., Washington, 30: 1 - 80.","WALDBAUER, G. P. 1977. Damage to soybean seeds by South American stink bugs. Anais Soc. ent. Brasil, Jaboticabal, 6 (2): 223 - 229.","PANIZZI, A. R., & HERZOG, D. C. 1984. Biology of Thyanta perditor. Ann. ent. Soc. Am., Washington, 77 (6): 646 - 650.","GRAZIA, J.; VECCHIO, M. C. DEL & HILDEBRAND, R. 1982. Estudo das ninfas de pentatomideos (Heteroptera) que vivem sobre soja (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): IV - Acrosternum impicticorne (Stal, 1872). Anais Soc. ent. Brasil, Jaboticabal, 11 (2): 261 - 268."]}

Podisus distinctus, Pentatomidae [Heteroptera], Predador de lagartas, Eucalipto, and Ciências Agrárias

Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2017-07-13T18:48:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 365385 bytes, checksum: 3507a7741a1f4eb4f7975c25eed8b096 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-13T18:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.PDF: 365385 bytes, checksum: 3507a7741a1f4eb4f7975c25eed8b096 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-09-21 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito das temperaturas de 17, 21, 25, 29 e 33 o C, com variação de ± 1,0 o C; fotofase de 12:12 (luz: escuro) e umidade relativa de 65 ± 10% no desenvolvimento do predador Podisus distinctus (Stal, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Esse predador foi alimentado com vagens verdes de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris) e pupas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) no laboratório de Controle Biológico do Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO), da Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), em Viçosa, Minas Gerais. A temperatura de 33 o C foi letal sem eclosão de ninfas de P. distinctus, indicando que o limite térmico superior desse predador encontra-se entre 29 e 33 o C. O período de incubação desse percevejo decresceu com o aumento da temperatura, sendo menor a 29 o C, com temperatura ótima a 23,7 o C. P. distinctus completou seu desenvolvimento ninfal entre 17 e 29 o C, com temperatura ótima de 26,3 o C e maior viabilidade ninfal em temperaturas intermediárias (19 e 25 o C), mostrando que a temperatura ótima para a fase o ninfal do mesmo situa-se entre 25 e 27 C. O período ninfal de P. distinctus decresceu no intervalo de 21 a 29 o C, de forma semelhante ao que ocorreu para a viabilidade. Fêmeas de P. distinctus acasaladas não apresentaram posturas férteis a 17 e 29 o C, mostrando efeito da temperatura na fecundidade desse predador. O número de ovos por postura e por fêmea foi de 30,9 ± 3,7 e de 226,2 ± 37,5 ovos a 21 o C e de 21,3 ± 2,8 e de 166,5 ± 31,9 ovos a 25 o C. As tabelas de vida de fertilidade e de esperança de vida de P. distinctus mostraram que as estatísticas para avaliar a resposta numérica desse predador variaram com a temperatura. A taxa bruta (TBR) e líquida (R o ) de reprodução variou de 40,681 a 89,248 e de 16,961 a 36,352 fêmeas/fêmea; a duração de uma geração (DG), de 63,825 a 46,704 dias; o tempo necessário para a população desse predador dobrar em número de indivíduos (TD) variou de 12,312 a 11,363 dias; a razão infinitesimal de aumento (r m ), de 0,056 a 0,061 por dia; a razão finita de aumento ( λ ) de 1,058 a 1,063 fêmeas/fêmea, adicionadas à população por dia; e a esperança de vida para a metade da população (ex 50 ), de 38,290 dias e 32,262 dias, à 21 e 25oC, respectivamente. The present work was developed with the objective of evaluating the effect of the temperatures of 17, 21, 25, 29 and 33 o C, with variation of ± 1.0 o C; fotofase of 12:12 (light: darkness) and relative humidity of 65 ± 10% in the development of the predator Podisus distinctus (Stal, 1860) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). This predator was fed with green beans of Phaseolus vulgaris and pupa of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the laboratory of Biological Control of the “Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária (BIOAGRO)”, in the Federal University of Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The temperature of 33 o C was lethal without eclosion of nymphs, what indicates that the thermal superior limit of P. distinctus is between 29 and 33 o C. Incubation period of this predator decreased with temperature temperature at 23.7 o C. increase, being lower at 29 o C, with best P. distinctus completed its nymphal development between 17 and 29 o C, with best temperature at 26.3 o C and higher nymphal viability at intermediate temperatures (19 and 25 o C), showing that the best temperature for the nymphal phase of this predator is between 25 and 27 o C. o Nymphal period of P. distinctus decreased between 21 and 29 C in a similar manner as for its viability. Mated females of P. distinctus did not present fertile egg masses at 17 and 29 o C what shows the effect of temperature in the fecundity of P. distinctus. The number of eggs per egg mass and per female was 30.9 ± 3.7 and 226.2 ± 37.5 eggs at 21 o C and of 21.3 ± 2.8 and 166.5 ± 31.9 eggs at 25 o C. Fertility and life expectancy tables of P. distinctus showed that the statistics to evaluate numeric response of this predator varied with temperature. Total (TBR) and liquid (R o ) reproduction rate of this predator varied from 40.681 to 89.248 and from 16.961 to 36.352 females/female at 21 and 25oC, respectively; the duration of a generation (DG) varied from 46.704 (25oC) to 63,825 (21oC) days; the time necessary for the population of the predator to double in number of individuals (TD) varied from 12.312 (21oC) to 11.363 (25oC) days; the infinitesimal rate of increase (r m ) varied from 0.056 (21oC) to 0.061 (25oC) per day; the finite rate of increase ( λ ) from 1.058 (21oC) to 1.063 (25oC) females/female added to its population per day; and the life expectancy for half of the population (ex 50 ) varied from 38.290 (21oC) and 32.262 (25oC) days. Dissertação importada do Alexandria

Insecta, comunidade de insetos, dinâmica populacional, curva de sobrevivência, insect community, population dynamics, survival curve, Insect Science, Zoology, Cercopidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Predation, Ecology, Population density, Homoptera, Predator, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Nymph, and PEST analysis

Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-30T16:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-6944248329.pdf: 57913 bytes, checksum: 32af1473a205154d9c27f4fd3bf7ba72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-26T15:37:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 2-s2.0-6944248329.pdf: 57913 bytes, checksum: 32af1473a205154d9c27f4fd3bf7ba72 (MD5) 2-s2.0-6944248329.pdf.txt: 31251 bytes, checksum: 0a7fa0fe676c60a00ef5b6494618b784 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 The spittlebug, Deois flavopicta Stål, is the main pest in cultivated pastures of the "Cerrados" (savanna) in the central region of Brazil. The insect has three discrete generations during the rainy season (September-April) and a synchronized population of diapausing eggs during the dry season (May-August). Experiments in cultivated pastures showed that nonspecific predators were able to affect significantly the mortality rates of diapausing eggs and nymphs of D. flavopicta. Predation was a density independent mortality factor that reduced diapausing eggs by approximately 60% and nymphs by 20% to 47%. The nymph mortality rate due to predation did not differ during the first and the second generations of the year. For the third generation however, the mortality rate was lower, related to a greater degree of nymphal aggregation in spatial refuges. Our direct observations indicate that among the types of predators in pastures, ants potentially make the greatest contribution to mortality, although their impact needs experimental verification. High rates of mortality of eggs and nymphs of D. flavopicta exposed to predators indicate that predation can be an important factor determining the size of adult populations. Therefore, management practices that disturb the predator community may increase the population densities of the spittlebug. 31 4 581 588 Barbosa, F.R., Moreira, W.M., Czepack, C., (1984) Beauveria Bassiana (Bals.) Vuill: Promissor Agente de Controle Biológico para a Cigarrinha-das-pastagens Deois Flavopicta (Stal, 1854), 17p. , EMGOPA, Goiânia, (EMGOPA-DDI. Boletim de pesquisa, 2) Begon, M., Harper, J.L., Townsend, C.R., (1996) Ecology: Individuals, Populations and Communities. 3rd Ed., 1068p. , Blackwell Science, Oxford Begon, M., Mortimer, M., (1986) Population Ecology: a Unified Study of Animals and Plants. 2nd Ed., 220p. , Blackwell, Oxford Bueno, V.H.P., Aspectos biologicos e ritmo diário das atividades de Porasilus barbiellinii predador da cigarrinha-das-pastagens (1987) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 22, pp. 903-915 Carneiro, M.F., Eficiência de diferentes cepas de Metarhizium anisopliae no controle de Deois flavopicta (1988) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 23, pp. 685-689 Cosenza, G.W., Naves, M.A., (1980) O Controle Da Cigarrinha Das Pastagens, 4p. , EMBRAPA/CPAC, Brasilia, EMBRAPA/CPAC, Comunicado Técnico, 6 Cosenza, G.W., De Andrade, R.P., Gomes, D.T., Da Rocha, C.M.C., Resistência de gramíneas forrageiras à cigarrinha-das-pastagens (1989) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 24, pp. 961-968 Faria, M.R., Tigano, M.S., (1996) Coleção de Fungos Entomopatogênicos Do Cenargen, 76p. , Embrapa, Serviço de Produção e Informaçã o, Brasília Fontes, E.M.G., Pires, C.S., Sujii, E.R., Mixed risk-spreading strategies and the population dynamics of a Brazilian pasture pest, Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1995) J. Econ. Entomol., 88, pp. 1256-1262 Hassel, M.P., (1978) The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator-prey Systems, 237p. , Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press Monographs in Population Biology, 13 Hewitt, G.B., Enviromental factors affecting spittlebug egg survival during the dry season in Central Brazil (1986) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 21, pp. 1237-1243 Hewitt, G.B., Nilakhe, S.S., Environmental factors affecting the survival of eggs and early instar nymphs of spittlebugs Zulia entreriana and Deois flavopicta during the rainy season in central Brazil (1986) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 15, pp. 61-76 Krebs, C.J., (1989) Ecological Methodology, 654p. , Harper Collins, New York Levings, S.C., Seasonal, annual, and among-site variation in the ground ant community of a deciduous tropical forest: Some cases of patchy species distributions (1983) Ecol. Monogr., 53, pp. 435-455 Marques, I.M.R., Distribuição de Salpingogaster nigra Schiner, 1868 (Diptera: Syrphidae) predador específico de ninfas de cigarrinhas da raiz (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em algumas regiões do Brasil (1988) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 17, pp. 67-74 De Menezes, M., El Khadi, M.K., Pereira, J.M., Ruiz, M.A.M., (1983) Bases para o Controle Integrado Das Cigarrinhas-das-pastagens Na Região Sudeste Da Bahia, 33p. , CEPLAC-CEPEC, Ilhéus Murray Jr., B.G., On the meaning of density dependence (1982) Oecologia, 53, pp. 370-373 Nilakhe, S.S., Evaluation of grasses for resistance to spittlebug (1987) Pesq. Agropec. Bras., 22, pp. 767-783 Pires, C.S.S., Fontes, E.M.G., Sujii, E.R., Fernandes, H.M.C., Gomes, D.F., Ocorrência de Anagrus sp. (Homoptera: Mymaridae) parasitando ovos de Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae) em pastagens do Brasil Central (1993) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 22, pp. 411-413 Pires, C.S.S., Sujii, E.R., Fontes, E.M.G., Tauber, C.A., Tauber, M.J., Dry-season dormancy in eggs of Deois flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae): roles of temperature and moisture in nature (2000) Environ. Entomol., 29, pp. 714-720 Seiffert, N.F., (1980) Gramíneas Forrageiras Do Gênero Brachiaria, 83p. , Embrapa CNPGC, Campo Grande, Embrapa CNPGC. Circular Técnica, 1 Sujii, E.R., (1994) Padrão de Distribuição Das Populações Anuais e Modelo Fenológico para o Manejo Da Cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois Flavopicta (Homoptera: Cercopidae), 77p. , Dissertação de mestrado, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Sujii, E.R., Garcia, M.A., Fontes, E.M.G., Carvalho, V., Efeito da temperatura e umidade sobre o término da diapausa de ovos e densidade populacional da cigarrinha-das-pastagens, Deois flavopicta (Stal) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) (1995) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 24, pp. 465-478 Villacorta, A., Susceptibilidade de ninfas de Deois flavopicta (Stal, 1854) (Homoptera: Cercopidae) a diferentes isolamentos de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) Sorokin (1980) An. Soc. Entomol. Brasil, 9, pp. 33-38 Wilkinson, L., (1990) SYSTAT: The System for Statistics: Statistics, 676p. , Evanson, Illinois, SYSTAT Inc

Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, Environmental Chemistry, Carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Biogeochemistry, Oceanography, Ecosystem, Environmental science, Biogeochemical cycle, Trichodesmium, biology.organism_classification, biology, Nitrogen fixation, and Crocosphaera watsonii

The surface water of the marine environment has traditionally been viewed as a nitrogen (N) limited habitat, and this has guided the development of conceptual biogeochemical models focusing largely on the reservoir of nitrate as the critical source of N to sustain primary productivity. However, selected groups of Bacteria, including cyanobacteria, and Archaea can utilize dinitrogen (N2) as an alternative N source. In the marine environment, these microorganisms can have profound effects on net community production processes and can impact the coupling of C-N-P cycles as well as the net oceanic sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide. As one component of an integrated ‘Nitrogen Transport and Transformations’ project, we have begun to re-assess our understanding of (1) the biotic sources and rates of N2 fixation in the world’s oceans, (2) the major controls on rates of oceanic N2 fixation, (3) the significance of this N2 fixation for the global carbon cycle and (4) the role of human activities in the alteration of oceanic N2 fixation. Preliminary results indicate that rates of N2 fixation, especially in subtropical and tropical open ocean habitats, have a major role in the global marine N budget. Iron (Fe) bioavailability appears to be an important control and is, therefore, critical in extrapolation to global rates of N2 fixation. Anthropogenic perturbations may alter N2 fixation in coastal environments through habitat destruction and eutrophication, and open ocean N2 fixation may be enhanced by warming and increased stratification of the upper water column. Global anthropogenic and climatic changes may also affect N2 fixation rates, for example by altering dust inputs (i.e. Fe) or by expansion of subtropical boundaries. Some recent estimates of global ocean N2 fixation are in the range of 100−200 Tg N (1−2 × 1014 g N) yr −1, but have large uncertainties. These estimates are nearly an order of magnitude greater than historical, pre-1980 estimates, but approach modern estimates of oceanic denitrification.

Biochemistry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, General Medicine, Zingiberene, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Attraction, Botany, Heteroptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Pentatomidae, Hemiptera, Pheromone, Sex pheromone, and Sesquiterpene

The male-produced sex pheromone of the red-shouldered stink bug, Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) consists of a blend of methyl (E2,Z4,Z6)-decatrienoate (E2,Z4,Z6–10:COOMe), and the sesquiterpenes (+)α-curcumene, (−)-zingiberene, and (−) -β-sesquiphellandrene. In laboratory bioassays, sexually mature males attracted sexually mature females but not males, and females did not attract either sex. Extracts of volatiles collected from sexually mature males contained compounds not present in extracts from females or sexually immature males, and male-produced extract was attractive to females. Biological activity was lost when the extract was fractionated, indicating that the pheromone consisted of at least two components having different chemical properties. Individually, pheromone components were not attractive to females, but E2,Z4,Z6–10:COOMe in combination with at least one of the three male-produced sesquiterpenes was attractive. The presence of more than one sesquiterpene in the blend did not increase attraction, indicating redundancy in the pheromone signal. Male extract was as attractive as a blend reconstructed from synthesized compounds, indicating all biologically active components had been identified. In bioassays conducted at dusk in a 1- × 1- × 1-m screen field cage, females were attracted to synthetic pheromone lures. In field trials, adult female T. pallidovirens were attracted to pheromone-baited traps in relatively low numbers. The profile of volatiles released by sexually mature males of a congeneric species, Thyanta accerra custator McAtee, was remarkably similar to that of male T. pallidovirens, with the exception that the former species produced (E)-2-decenal, a compound that was not found in T. pallidovirens extracts.

Cigarrinha das raízes, Pratylenchus zeae, Meloidogyne javanica, Saccharum, Root froghopper, Insect Science, Aldicarb, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Agronomy, Cercopidae, biology.organism_classification, biology, Froghopper, Sugar, Carbofuran, Infestation, medicine.disease_cause, and medicine

Com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de inseticidas no controle da cigarrinha das raízes e de nematóides fitoparasitos e seus reflexos sobre a qualidade tecnológica e a produtividade da cana-de-açúcar, conduziram-se dois experimentos, na região canavieira de Piracicaba, SP, aplicando-se diversos inseticidas em uma ou em duas ocasiões, ao longo do período de ataque da cigarrinha. Aldicarbe 150G 12 kg/ha, tiametoxam 10GR 30 kg/ha e carbofuram 100G 40 kg/ha, aplicados no início do período de infestação da cigarrinha (outubro) e aldicarbe 150G 6+6 kg/ha e tiametoxam 10GR 15+15 kg/ha, com a primeira metade da dose aplicada no início do período de infestação (outubro) e a outra no meio do período (janeiro), foram os produtos mais eficientes no controle da cigarrinha-das-raízes, contribuindo para incrementos na pol%cana, na pureza do caldo e na produtividade de açúcar (até 6,12 t ATR/ha). No experimento 1 foram observadas populações elevadas de Pratylenchus zeae Grahan, sendo o aldicarbe 150G a 12 e 6+6 kg/ha e o carbofuram 100G a 40 kg/ha os nematicidas mais eficientes, reduzindo as populações do nematóide pelo menos até três meses após aplicação. No experimento 2 foram detectadas populações baixas de P. zeae e Meloidogyne javanica Grahan foi encontrada nas áreas do ensaio 1 e P. zeae e Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood. O parcelamento da dose dos inseticidas para aplicação em duas épocas não resultou em incrementos significativos de produtividade, quando comparada com os resultados obtidos com uma só aplicação. The objective of this work was to study the effect of insecticides on sugarcane root froghopper and fitoparasitic nematodes populations and on technological quality and sugarcane yield. Two experiments were carried out, under field conditions, and different insecticides were applied once or twice during the froghopper infestation period. The most efficient compounds on root froghopper control were aldicarb 150G 12 kg/ha, thiamethoxan 10GR 30 kg/ha, carbofuran 100G 40 kg/ha, applied only in the begining of pest infestation period (October) and aldicarb 150G 6+6 kg/ha and thiamethoxan 10GR 15+15 kg/ha, in which a half dose was applied in the begining (October) and the other half was applied in the middle of pest infestation period (January). In experiment 1, Pratylenchus zeae Grahan was detected in high populations and aldicarb 150G at 12 and at 6+6 kg/ha and carbofuran 100G at 40 kg/ha were the most efficient nematicides, decreasing nematode populations at least untill three months after application. Low populations of P. zeae and Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood were detected in experiment 2. The insecticides application resulted in significative increase of sugar content in the stalks, juice purity, and stalks and sugar yields (until 6,12 ton of recoverable sugar per ha), but the split dose applied in two periods did not result in significative increase of yield when compared to only one application.

Praga de planta [Percevejo], Dinâmica populacional, Ovo [Postura], Controle biologico, Predador, Fumo, Harpactorinae, Oviposition, Tobacco, Predator, oviposição, Insect Science, Intraspecific competition, Predation, biology.organism_classification, biology, Solanaceae, Botany, Reduviidae, Nicotiana tabacum, Hemiptera, and Horticulture

A seleção de locais adequados à oviposição, garantindo boas condições de desenvolvimento da prole, ocorre em muitas espécies de insetos. Para predadores a estratégia de realizar posturas em vários locais da cultura é esperada, pois possibilita a colonização mais abrangente da área, diminuindo também a competição intra-específica. O conhecimento dessa estratégia é importante para a determinação do papel do predador como agente de controle de populações fitófagas. Este trabalho objetivou caracterizar posturas de Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål no campo e identificar seus padrões de distribuição espacial. De agosto de 1999 a abril de 2000, em um cultivo experimental de fumo (Nicotiana tabacum), em Porto Alegre, RS, foram monitoradas 270 plantas de fumo do tipo Virgínia, variedade K326, identificadas por coordenadas alfa-numéricas. A posição das posturas era registrada na cultura e na planta em relação ao estrato (inferior, mediano e apical) e à estrutura (haste e folha). Após a eclosão das ninfas recolhiam-se os córions para contagem do número de ovos. Encontraram-se 176 posturas no campo, em 34 ocasiões de amostragem. O padrão de distribuição das posturas na quase totalidade das amostras ajustou-se à distribuição aleatória, tanto pelo índice de dispersão I (97,1%) como pela Lei da Potência de Taylor (b = 0,9633). A maioria das posturas foi encontrada no terço apical (68,4%) e na face adaxial das folhas. Constatou-se o número médio de 13,1 ± 4,98 ovos/postura. A disposição das posturas no cultivo experimental aponta para um bom aproveitamento de recursos existentes. The search for oviposition sites with good conditions for offspring development is common in many insect species. Predators usually lay eggs in various places in a culture to allow a more complete colonization and to reduce intraspecific competition. This knowledge is important to determine the role of predators in the control of phytophagous populations. The present work aimed at characterizing Cosmoclopius nigroannulatus Stål egg masses in tobacco field, and at identifying their spatial distribution pattern. A field with 270 tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum, Virginia type, var. k326), was surveyed from August 1999 to April 2000. The experimental field was located in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Each egg mass found had its position recorded in relation to the culture (coordinates), the plant vertical stratum (inferior, middle and apical) and plant structure (steam and leaf). After nymphal emergence, the corions were collected and brought to the laboratory to record the egg number/mass. A total of 176 egg masses were found in 34 sampling occasions. The egg masses dispersion pattern followed a random distribution in almost all occasions, considering both the Dispersion Index I (97%) and the Taylor Power Law Index (b = 0.9633). Most of the eggs (68.4%) were found on the plant apical third. The adaxial leaf side was also preferred for oviposition. The mean number of eggs/mass was 13.1 ± 4.98, ranging from two to 22. The egg masses distribution pattern in the experimental plot suggests an adequate usage of the available resources.