articles+ search results

Computer Science Applications, Education, Cognition, German, language.human_language, language, Informatics, Elite, Sport psychology, Diversity (politics), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Pedagogy, and Educational technology

Our guest for this article was Dr. Daniel Memmert, Professor and Executive Head of the Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics at the German Sport University Cologne, Cologne (Germany). A lifelong sports player and enthusiast, Memmert’s research is at the intersection of human movement science (cognition and motor activity), sport psychology (attention and motivation), computer science in sports (pattern identification and simulation), talent, children and elite research (Trainings-/PE-Curricula) and research methods.

Infectious Diseases, Microbiology (medical), General Medicine, Enrichment culture, Tryptic soy broth, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Microbiology, Agar plate, Throat, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Nose, business.industry, business, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, and bacterial infections and mycoses

Enrichment culture (EC) remains gold standard for detecting MRSA colonisation, but molecular methods shorten turnaround time. The CE-marked automated Hologic Panther Fusion MRSA Assay (HPFM) is validated for nasal swabs. We compared HPFM with EC following an in-house PCR for detection of MRSA in nasal, pharyngeal, and perineal ESwabs. The same ESwabs were analysed using HPFM and inoculated in selective Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for overnight incubation. TSBs were screened by a PCR targeting nuc, femA, mecA, and mecC. Only samples with PCR results compatible with MRSA presence were inoculated onto 5% blood agar and chromogenic MRSA plates. HPFM detected MRSA in 103 of 132 EC positive samples indicating a sensitivity of 78.0% across sample types. When paired TSBs of 29 EC positive/HPFM negative samples were re-analysed by HPFM, MRSA was detected in 17/29 TSBs indicating that enrichment will increase the sensitivity of HPFM. HPFM analyses of cultured isolates from the remaining 12 EC positive/HPFM negative samples failed to detect orfX. HPFM reported the presence of MRSA in 22 samples where EC failed to identify MRSA. Fifteen of these ESwabs had been kept and direct culture without enrichment identified MRSA in seven samples. HPFM was useful for all sample sites. Compared to EC, the sensitivity of HPFM was limited because of lack of analytical sensitivity and failure to detect all MRSA variants. Failure of some MRSA-containing samples to enrich in cefoxitin-containing TSB indicates an unappreciated limitation of EC, which may lead to underestimation of the specificity of molecular assays.

General Medicine, Medicine, business.industry, business, Mycoplasma pneumonia, medicine.disease, Pneumonia, Ataxia, medicine.symptom, Ventilator-associated pneumonia, Epilepsy, Mechanical ventilation, medicine.medical_treatment, Upper respiratory tract infection, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Case Report, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS), a triad of ophthalmoplegia, areflexia and ataxia, is one of the regional variants of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) that might account for a quarter of all cases of GBS, especially in Asian countries. There is history of an antecedent upper respiratory tract infection in up to two thirds of MFS cases. However, association of MFS in adults and pneumonia is rarely reported and in those cases causative pathogen was Mycoplasma pneumonia e. To our knowledge, association of MFS and ventilator-associated pneumonia has never been reported. So, we hereby report the first case of MFS which followed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Case report We report case of a 22-year-old male who was known to have temporal lobe epilepsy and mental retardation. He presented with status epilepticus. He was sedated and put on mechanical ventilation. Two days later, he developed a fever associated with increased tracheobronchial secretions and new infiltrates on chest X-ray. Diagnosis of VAP was made. Upon improvement, he was extubated and shifted out of ICU. Ten days after the onset of fever, he developed gradual onset bulbar weakness and ataxia. On examination, he had generalized areflexia and ataxia. CSF analysis showed cytoalbuminic dissociation. Antibodies against ganglioside complex were elevated. Diagnosis of sero-negative MFS was made, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was started. He improved remarkably within two days. Conclusion MFS is immune-mediated entity which is usually triggered by upper respiratory tract infection but in rare cases it can be consequence of pneumonia including VAP. Further research is needed to establish link between MFS and VAP.

Human papillomavirus, Female schoolteachers, Unawareness, HPV vaccine, HPV vaccine uptake, HPV transmission routes, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Infectious Diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Family income, Demography, Cervical cancer, medicine.disease, medicine, Viral infection, HPV infection, Reproductive tract, business.industry, business, Logistic regression, and Future studies

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract. This cross-sectional study among female schoolteachers assessed the prevalence of i) unawareness of HPV infection’s causal role in cervical cancer; ii) unawareness of HPV vaccine availability and iii) examined the sociodemographic variables associated both the outcome variables. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among female schoolteachers employed in public and private sectors schools in Kuwait using a structured questionnaire for data collection. Prevalence of each of the outcome variables was computed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate independent predictors of two dependent variables. Results: A total 1341 female schoolteachers were enrolled. Of the participants, 60% were unaware of HPV causal role in cervical cancer and 88% were unaware of HPV vaccine availability. Among those who were aware of HPV vaccine availability, 83.8% were unvaccinated. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) model showed that 20–29 years old participants or those with low family income (< 500 KD/month) were significantly (p < 0.05) more likely to be unaware of HPV causal role in cervical cancer. Moreover, participants with family/ personal history of cervical cancer were significantly (p < 0.05) less likely to be unaware of HPV role in causation of cervical cancer. A separate MLR model revealed that the participants were significantly more likely to be unaware of HPV vaccine availability if they were Kuwaiti nationals or non-Kuwaiti Arabs (p < 0.05), employed in public schools (p = 0.003) or less likely to be unaware if they had personal or family history of cervical cancer (p < 0.001). Conclusion: High prevalences of unawareness of causal role of HPV in cervical cancer and unawareness of HPV vaccine availability were recorded. Targeted education among identified sociodemographic groups with high levels of unawareness is warranted. If undertaken, future studies may evaluate the impact of recommended efforts.

General Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, Surgery, Zygomatic arch, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Anatomy, Web of science, Data citation, Facial nerve, Temporal fascia, Lateral canthus, Dissection, Craniofacial, business.industry, and business

The objective of this study is to provide a reliable roadmap for temporal branch of the facial nerve, in order to minimize, the risk of injury to the nerve during surgical dissections. A literature search was conducted on temporal branch of facial nerve. The date search range was 1950 to 2017. Databases searched included Medline, Web of science, Biosis, SciELO, Data Citation, and Zoologic Records. Data were collected on, author specialty, date of publication, and the relationship of the temporal branch of facial nerve to various landmarks in the frontotemporal region reported in human anatomic studies. Among the 48 studies reviewed, a total of 3477 anatomic dissections were performed in the craniofacial region. Temporal branch of facial nerve was located between 2.5 and 3 cm from lateral orbital rim. In relation to the zygomatic arch, it was found anywhere from the midpoint of the arch to 1 finger breath posterior to the arch. For the plane, it was most commonly described as being under the superficial temporal fascia (STF) or within the loose areolar tissue. Most anatomic dissections found 2 to 4 twigs of the temporal branch of facial nerve. In relation to the lateral canthus, it was found to be 2.85 +/- 0.69 cm superior and 2.54 +/- 0.43 cm lateral to the lateral canthus. Our study suggests consolidated data on surgical landmarks in order to ensure safe dissection in temporal region and prevent injury to the temporal branch of facial nerve.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Transformative learning, Discipline, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Affordance, Educational technology, Conversation, Aesthetics, Art therapy, Diversity (politics), and ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS

Creativity emerges in all walks of life and disciplines, requiring diverse approaches and ways of thinking. This article series has taken a wide view to exploring creativity through interviews with experts in different fields (Keenan-Lechel and Henriksen 2019). Beyond disciplinary diversity, it is valuable to think broadly about the types of purposes that creativity relates to. Here, we focus on the work of Dr. Patricia (Pat) Allen, a noted art therapist who uses art and creativity toward mental, emotional, and spiritual wholeness. Her expertise relates to artistic, healing, and therapeutic purposes—and she shares ideas about how education and technology have a role in this. Our conversation offered an illuminating perspective on the role of creativity in healing and wellness, and the education possibilities. We distilled the wide-ranging discussion into themes that include: building systems to support human need; connection to the creative source; rethinking art therapy through the Open Studio Process educational applications for creative wellness; and the affordances of technology for creativity and healing.

Review, belantamab mafodotin-blmf, 64Cu-DOTATATE, drugs, FDA, 68Ga-PSMA-11, lumasiran, setmelanotide, oligonucleotides, peptides, viltolarsen, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), International trade, business.industry, business, Pandemic, Food and drug administration, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Drug, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Authorization, Global health, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Chemistry, Medicinal, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Cu-64-DOTATATE, Ga-68-PSMA-11, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:R, lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica, lcsh:RS1-441, Belantamab mafodotin-blmf, Setmelanotide, Oligonucleotides, Peptides, and Viltolarsen

2020 has been an extremely difficult and challenging year as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and one in which most efforts have been channeled into tackling the global health crisis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 53 new drug entities, six of which fall in the peptides and oligonucleotides (TIDES) category. The number of authorizations for these kinds of drugs has been similar to that of previous years, thereby reflecting the consolidation of the TIDES market. Here, the TIDES approved in 2020 are analyzed in terms of chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, and adverse effects.
This work was funded in part by the following: the National Research Foundation (NRF) and the University of KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa); MINECO, (RTI2018-093831-B-100), and the Generalitat de Catalunya (2017 SGR 1439) (Spain).

Education, Sociology, Curriculum, Engineering ethics, Technology integration, Context (language use), 21st century skills, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Teaching method, Emerging technologies, and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

Internationally, creativity is a widely discussed construct that is pivotal to educational practice and curriculum. It is often situated alongside technology as a key component of education futures. Despite the enthusiasm for integrating creativity with technologies in classrooms, there is a lack of common ground within and between disciplines and research about how creativity relates to technology in teaching and learning—especially in the uncertain space of classroom implementation. This article provides a critical thematic review of international literature on creativity and technology in the context of educational practice. We identify four essential domains that emerge from the literature and represent these in a conceptual model, based around: (1) Learning in regard to creativity, (2) Meanings of creativity, (3) Discourses that surround creativity, and (4) the Futures or impacts on creativity and education. Each of these clusters is contextualized in regard to emerging technologies and the developing scope of twenty-first century skills in classroom implementation. We offer conclusions and implications for research and practice.

Neurology (clinical), Epidemiology, Medicine, business.industry, business, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, University hospital, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Etiology, Medical record, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, International league against epilepsy, and Mean age

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of medically resistant epilepsy (MRE) in our hospital and to compare the prevalence with that in other populations. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who visited the epilepsy clinics at King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia between January 2017 and December 2018. This study included patients aged ≥14 years who had at least 2 unprovoked seizures 24 h apart. Patients who had provoked seizure(s), paroxysmal events, or syncope or had incomplete medical records were excluded. The definition and classification of the International League Against Epilepsy were used. Moreover, we searched the En­glish literature using PubMed and Google Scholar to compare the prevalence of MRE between our population and other populations. Results: In total, 1,151 patients were screened, and 751 patients were included in the final analysis. Of the 751 patients, 229 (male: 56.3%, female: 43.7%; mean age: 32.07 years, and standard deviation, 12.2 years) had MRE, with a cumulative prevalence of 30%. The etiology was as follows: unknown, 63.3% (n = 145); structural, 31.9% (n = 73); genetic, 3.1% (n = 7); and infectious, 1.7% (n = 4). None of the patients had metabolic or immune-related etiologies. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRE in our population (30%) is close to that in other populations (30–36.5%). Early identification of such patients is crucial to improve their management.

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Earth science, Environmental science, Apportionment, and Atmospheric chemistry

Library and Information Sciences, Computer Science Applications, Information Systems, Law and economics, Sociology, and Legitimacy

This paper is based upon the closing keynote presentation that was given by danah boyd at the inaugural NISO Plus conference held from February 23–25, 2020 in Baltimore, MD (USA). It focuses on how data are used, and how they can be manipulated to meet specific objectives – both good and bad. The paper reinforces the importance of understanding the biases and limitations of any data set. Topics covered include data quality, data voids, data infrastructures, alternative facts, and agnotology. The paper stresses that data become legitimate because we collectively believe that those data are sound, valid, and fit for use. This not only means that there is power in collecting and disseminating data, but also that there is power in interpreting and manipulating the data. The struggle over data’s legitimacy says more about our society – and our values – than it says about the data itself.

Electrochemistry, Catalysis, Anode, Plastic crystal, Ion, Imide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Solid state electrolyte, Materials science, High voltage, Ionic liquid, and Chemical engineering

Computer Science Applications, Education, Education and technology, Educational technology, Composition (language), Technological advance, Musical composition, Sociology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Aesthetics

This article is part of an ongoing series by the authors and the Deep Play Research Group, which focuses on the intersection of creativity and technology in education. In this article, Dr. Anthony Brandt, professor of composition and theory at Rice University shares his thoughts about the study of creativity. He uses his experiences as a musician and composer to highlight the important role that creativity plays in our lives, providing examples that illustrate multiple understandings of creativity. His work with neuroscientist David Eagleman is highlighted and serves to illustrate how our understanding of the brain has influenced our knowledge about the way that humans have evolved to engage in creative acts. Dr. Brandt shares his excitement about opportunities that the future will bring as researchers collaborate with scientists and use ground-breaking technological advancements to study creativity. He further offers implications for education and technology.

Original Article, Polycystic ovary syndrome, Binge eating disorder, Health related quality of life, Depression disorder, Riyadh, endocrine system diseases, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QH301-705.5, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Quality of life, Cross-sectional study, Infertility, medicine.disease, medicine, business.industry, business, Polycystic ovary, Binge-eating disorder, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Logistic regression, Depression (differential diagnoses), Population, education.field_of_study, and education

Background & objectives Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinal disorder, and the greatest cause of infertility in women. Despite availability of individual data on impact of multiple endocrinal, reproductive and even metabolic factors in PCOS individuals, the data on the co-existence of BED and depression in PCOS patients with its relationship on the quality of life in Saudi Arabian females is not found. Hence this study is aimed to elucidate the implication of PCOS on eating behaviour, induction of depression and general health quality in Saudi Arabian population of Riyadh. Materials and methods This is a cross-sectional study carried out in multiple health facilities of Riyadh from January to March 2019. The study samples (494) were recruited by convenience sampling and administered validated questionnaire by trained research participants. The data obtained was analysed by binary logistic regression using SPSS-IBM 25. Results Of the total 494 women participated in the study, 23.48% (116) were PCOS individuals. The odds of developing abnormal health related quality of (HRQ) in patients with PCOS was significantly (P = 0.000, OR = 3.472) high when compared to non-PCOS participants. The odds of showing high binge eating disorder (BED, P = 0.007, OR = 2.856) and depression (P = 0.000, OR = 2.497) scores in PCOS participants were significantly more than patients who were not having PCOS. Out of the three parameters studied, abnormal health related quality of life possessed a higher influence of PCOS compared to depression and abnormal eating behavior. Interpretation & conclusion In conclusion, the present study shows that women with PCOS are at a significant risk for depressive disorders, disorganized eating behavior and impaired quality of life. Therefore, necessary care and screening is required to minimize the impact of PCOS on already burdened individuals.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Cognitive science, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Evolutionary psychology, Psychology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Gray (horse), 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Column: Rethinking Technology & Creativity in the 21st Century

Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, Pandemic, Outbreak, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Disease management (health), World health, Coronavirus Infections, business.industry, business, and Brief Communication

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019 in Wuhan, China.[1][1] The outbreak was confirmed as a pandemic on February 11, 2020, by the World Health Organization (WHO). By the end of April 2020, more than 3.5 million people were infected worldwide. The number of affected people in

Case Report, AcademicSubjects/MED00910, jscrep/0160, Surgery, Clearance, Hospital admission, Mortality rate, Medicine, business.industry, business, Gallstone ileus, Gallstones, medicine.disease, Recurrent intestinal obstruction, Comorbidity, General surgery, and medicine.medical_specialty

Gallstone ileus (GSI) is an uncommon entity that causes obstruction of the intestinal lumen due to gallstones. It affects mainly the elderly with multiple comorbidities, leading to a high mortality rate. In this case, an 81-year-old woman was admitted due to GSI. She had a recurrence after 5 days of the index surgery. Recurrent intestinal obstruction due to GSI during the same hospitalization despite complete clearance of the small bowel from stones is rare. Through our case, we will discuss management along with a review of the current evidence.

Case Report, Paraparesis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, Demyelination, Postpartum Period, and Saudi Arabia

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a diverse clinical presentation ranging from weakness of certain body regions to tetraparesis with autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure. Paraparetic GBS is a variant of GBS which is characterised by weakness limited to the lower limbs only. It is crucial to identify such topographical presentations, as a delay in diagnosis can lead to delayed initiation of specific treatment, which can negatively impact the outcome. We report a 29-year-old female patient who presented to the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, in 2017 with rapid onset asymmetrical weakness of lower extremities associated with bladder dysfunction during the immediate postpartum period. The weakness spared cranial nerves and arms and imaging studies of the spine was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid investigations showed cyto-albuminologic dissociation and nerve conduction studies showed features of demyelination. The patient was diagnosed with a paraparetic variant of GBS and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. She had almost recovered completely at the two–month follow-up.

Computer Science Applications, Music, Engineering (miscellaneous), Visual Arts and Performing Arts, Psychology, The arts, Test (assessment), Bridging (networking), Mathematics education, and Literal and figurative language

STEM education in the United States is often described as being in a downward spiral, when assessed by competency test scores and lack of student motivation for engaging STEM disciplines. The authors suggest this arises from an overly instrumental view of STEM. While STEAM has arisen as a pushback paradigm, the application of STEAM in schools is challenging, and educators are often unclear about connecting STEM and the arts. The authors suggest envisioning STEAM through natural disciplinary interconnections. They focus on the integration of language arts and figurative thinking to blur the boundaries of STEM and the arts, and offer examples of figurative language—such as metaphor, linguistic etymology and synecdoche—for framing STEM teaching and learning.

Column: Rethinking Technology & Creativity in the 21st Century, Computer Science Applications, Education, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Educational technology, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pedagogy, Creativity, Psychology, and 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak

Computer Science Applications, Education, Power (social and political), Sociology, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Media studies, Craft, Educational technology, and Fandom

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Pedagogy, Psychology, and Conversation

medical students, mental illness, mentally ill, stigma, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:R, education, Stigma (botany), Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Mentally ill, Health care, business.industry, business, Male gender, Scale (social sciences), Authoritarianism, Mental illness, medicine.disease, Biomedical sciences, and Original Article

Aim: The study aimed to measure the level of the stigma of medical students at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh campus, towards mentally ill patients. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh. The data collection was started in July 2017 till March 2018. The students completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic data and the Community Attitudes toward the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale. Results: The sample size was realized as 274 participants. There were no significant differences in all CAMI subscales for the different academic years except for Authoritarianism which showed a significant increase in the level of stigma (P-value = 0.04). Male gender, previous psychiatric treatment, and having a relative with psychiatric illness were associated with higher Authoritarianism and Social Restrictiveness scores and lower Benevolence and CMHI scores. Discussion: More stigma was observed among the 4th year students and it might be due to insufficient academic preparation as well as more exposure to psychiatric rotations. Conclusion: The results support the importance of implementing anti-stigma programs throughout the medical program to improve the healthcare provided to mentally ill patients.

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Ionic bonding, Hexafluorophosphate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Ionic liquid, Polymer chemistry, Imide, Alkyl, chemistry.chemical_classification, Dicyanamide, Plastic crystal, and Electrolyte

Ionic liquids and plastic crystals based on pyrrolidinium cations are recognised for their advantageous properties such as high conductivity, low viscosity, and good electrochemical and thermal stability. The pyrrolidinium ring can be substituted with symmetric or asymmetric alkyl chain substituents to form a range of ionic liquids or plastic crystals depending on the anion. However, reports into the use of branched alkyl chains and how this influences the material properties are limited. Here, we report the synthesis of six salts – ionic liquids and organic ionic plastic crystals – where the typically used linear propyl chain substituent is replaced by the branched alternative, isopropyl, to form the cation [C(i3)mpyr]+, in combination with six different anions: dicyanamide, (fluorosulfonyl)(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate. The thermal and transport properties of these salts are compared to those of the analogous N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium and N,N-diethylpyrrolidinium-based salts. Finally, a high lithium salt content ionic liquid electrolyte based on the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt was developed. This electrolyte showed high coulombic efficiencies of lithium plating/stripping and high lithium ion transference number, making it a strong candidate for use in lithium metal batteries.

Education, Agency (sociology), Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Private school, Self-efficacy, Apprehension, medicine.symptom, medicine, Risk taking, Sense of agency, Pedagogy, Orchestration (computing), Psychology, and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

There is an emerging body of research about the importance of creative risk-taking and productive failure in classroom teaching across discipline areas. However, teachers’ confidence in engaging with these pedagogical ideas in their classrooms can be inhibited by perceived barriers, such as assessment demands, expectations by administrators, and the orchestration of technologies in a meaningful way. This article reports a case study in a private school in Melbourne, Australia. Six teachers experimented with risk-taking and productive failure through digital technologies in their Year 8 classes across different discipline areas. This paper examines the beliefs of these teachers about their creative capacity to enact these pedagogical ideas with technology. Using Albert Bandura's ideas of self-efficacy beliefs, mastery experiences and self-appraisal and adaptations, this study investigates the sense of agency that teachers experienced in exploring these ideas in their classrooms. Findings indicate that teachers believed that risk-taking and productive failure are important, but they experienced internal and external barriers to implementing these ideas, especially in regard to the use of digital technologies, managing student apprehension and designing learning that includes risk-taking and productive failure.

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Medicine, business.industry, business, Wake up stroke, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, Treatment options, Neuroimaging, Stroke, and medicine.disease

General Dentistry, Glass fiber, Charpy impact test, Flexural strength, Denture Repair, Composite material, Izod impact strength test, Materials science, Bending, Acrylic resin, visual_art.visual_art_medium, visual_art, Tukey's range test, and technology, industry, and agriculture

PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the effects of glass fiber (GF), Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2 ), and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2 ) addition on the flexural strength and impact strength of repaired denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were fabricated. All specimens were sectioned centrally and beveled creating 2.5 mm repair gap except for 10 controls. Specimen grouping (n = 10/group) was done according to filler concentration of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of auto-polymerized acrylic powder. Modified resin was mixed, packed in the repair gap, polymerized, finished and polished. Three-point bending test and Charpy type impact testing were done. Data were analyzed using one-way-ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS All additives significantly increased flexural strength and impact strength (p < 0.05). Within the modified subgroups, no significant differences were found for GF. Significant increase for nano-ZrO2 and significant decrease for nano-SiO2 as the concentration of additive increased were noted for both flexural strength and impact strength. Highest flexural strength was found with 0.75%-nano-ZrO2 (69.59 ± 2.52MPa) and the lowest was found with 0.75%-nano-SiO2 (53.82 ± 3.10MPa). The 0.25%-nano-SiO2 showed the highest impact strength value (2.54 ± 0.21 kJ/m2 ) while the lowest impact strength value was seen with 0.75%-nano-SiO2 (1.54 ± 0.17 kJ/m2 ). CONCLUSION Nano-filler effect was concentration dependent and its addition to repair resin increased the flexural and impact strengths. The incorporation of 0.75%-ZrO2 or 0.25%-SiO2 into repair resin proved to be a promising technique to enhance repair strength and avoid repeated fractures.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Perspective-taking, Educational technology, Pedagogy, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Psychology

architectural heritage, historicist reconstruction, cultural continuity, environmental sustainability, energy efficiency, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Geography, Planning and Development, Scope (project management), Environmental ethics, Context (language use), Political science, Middle East, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Ethnography, Local community, Cultural heritage management, and Sustainability

Although attempts for formulating sustainable approaches in heritage management have been ongoing since the 1980s, sustainability dimensions in the context of &lsquo
reconstruction&rsquo
have remained an unexplored research area. By investigating the case of the ruined Khaz&rsquo
al Diwan in Kuwait, an architectural heritage site in the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage (WH) Tentative List, we explore and compare the roles of the &lsquo
cultural continuity&rsquo
and &lsquo
environmental protection&rsquo
pillars of sustainability in reconstruction planning. By employing rapid ethnographic surveying and case study methods, we first investigate the approach to &lsquo
from the State&rsquo
s stance and through local community perceptions. Albeit with nuances, the surveying revealed a preference for historicist reconstruction. However, the Khaz&rsquo
al Diwan, like most of the heritage structures in the Gulf region, was originally constructed with coral stone, which is now protected under environmental laws. How feasible is the use of replacement materials in terms of sustainability perspectives that is also acceptable from heritage perspectives? Considering the high cooling loads required in this climatic region, we prioritized the energy performance of the construction materials of the external walls and the roof. Computer simulations based on scenarios testing same-type and replacement construction materials revealed how the latter could be considered as an alternative in a historicist reconstruction. The discussion revolves around the environmental and cultural parameters that are instrumental in reconstruction planning. This ultimately highlights how reconstruction policies must be shaped to redefine the role and scope of material authenticity to accommodate the local environmental and cultural realities in the wider Gulf region and Middle Eastern context.

Physiology (medical), Pharmacology, General Medicine, Physiology, Phenotype, Dermis, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Pressure overload, Myofibroblast, Cell biology, Extracellular matrix, Fibroblast, Stromal cell, Biology, and sense organs

Fibroblasts have long been recognized as important stromal cells, playing key roles in synthesizing and maintaining the extracellular matrix, but historically were treated as a relatively uniform cell type. Studies in recent years have revealed a surprising level of heterogeneity of fibroblasts across tissues, and even within organs such as the skin and heart. This heterogeneity may have functional consequences, including during stress and disease. While the field has moved forward quickly to begin to address the scientific import of this heterogeneity, the descriptive language used for these cells has not kept pace, particularly when considering the phenotype changes that occur as fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts in response to injury. We discuss here the nature and sources of the heterogeneity of fibroblasts, and review how our understanding of the complexity of the fibroblast to myofibroblast phenotype conversion has changed with increasing scrutiny. We propose that the time is opportune to reevaluate how we name and describe these cells, particularly as they transition to myofibroblasts through discrete stages. A standardized nomenclature is essential to address the confusion that currently exists in the literature as to the usage of terms like myofibroblast and the description of fibroblast phenotype changes in disease.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Aesthetics, Work (electrical), Mythology, Ideation, Educational technology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Sociology

Ophthalmology, General Medicine, Porencephaly, medicine.disease, medicine, Visual acuity, medicine.symptom, Radiology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, business, Magnetic resonance imaging, and medicine.diagnostic_test

Computer Science Applications, Education, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Psychology, The arts, Visual arts, and Educational technology

Original Article, Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Mean age, Multiple sclerosis, medicine.disease, Traditional therapy, Adverse effect, Meditation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Observational study, business.industry, business, Female patient, and Alternative medicine

Objectives: To describe the prevalence, knowledge and attitudes about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and the proportion that seek advice from their physician about CAM use. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was performed in multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic of King Fahd Hospital of Universityin Alkhobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from January-June 2017. A total of 133 patients have completed the survey. Results: The mean age of patients was 32.3±7.6 years and 84 (63.2 %) were female. Approximately 83.5% of the patients reported the use of CAM. Among all the reported forms of CAM, vitamins were the most prevalent form, followed by cupping, special prayers and meditation. The majority of patients (62%) obtained knowledge of CAM through social media. A significant number of patients (75.6%) did not disclose the use of CAM to their physician. There was a trend for using CAM more in highly educated, older age, and female patients. The most commonly reported rationale to use CAM was overall improvement in health status. Conclusion: The use of CAM among Saudi patients with MS is highly prevalent, without disclosure of its use to physicians. These factors should be taken into account in the doctor-patient consultation to avoid adverse events.

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Ionic bonding, Ionic liquid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Electrolyte, Inorganic chemistry, Salt (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_classification, Hexafluorophosphate, Plastic crystal, Thermal stability, and Ionic conductivity

The synthesis and characterisation of new solid-state electrolytes is a key step in advancing the development of safer and more reliable electrochemical energy storage technologies. Organic ionic plastic crystals (OIPCs) are an increasingly promising class of material for application in devices such as lithium or sodium metal batteries as they can support high ionic conductivity, with good electrochemical and thermal stability. However, the choice of OIPC-forming ions is still relatively limited. Furthermore, understanding of the influence of different cations and anions on the thermal, structural and transport properties of these materials is still in its infancy. Here we report the synthesis and in-depth characterisation of a range of new OIPCs utilising the hexamethylguanidinium cation ([HMG]) with five different anions. The thermal, structural, transport properties and free volume in the different salts have been investigated. The free volume within the salts has been investigated by positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy, and the single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction analysis of [HMG] bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([TFSI]) in phase I and II, [HMG] hexafluorophosphate ([PF6]) and [HMG] tetrafluoroborate ([HMG][BF4]) are reported. The HMG cation can exhibit significant disorder, which is advantageous for plasticity and future use of these materials as high ionic conductivity matrices. The bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide salt, [HMG][FSI], is identified as particularly promising for use as an electrolyte, with good electrochemical stability and soft mechanical properties. The findings introduce a range of new materials to the solid-state electrolyte arena, while the insights into the physico-chemical relationships in these materials will be of importance for the future development and understanding of other ionic electrolytes.

lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:R, cardiovascular diseases, cardiovascular system, General Medicine, Medicine, business.industry, business, Disease, Glycated haemoglobin, Cardiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Stroke, medicine.disease, Medical record, Diabetes mellitus, Ischaemic stroke, Intima-media thickness, Glycated hemoglobin-A1c, Internal medicine, and Clinical & Basic Research

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and carotid atherosclerotic disease among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study took place in the Neurology Department of King Fahad Hospital of University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from April to October 2017. Data were collected from the medical records of 244 patients with a diagnosis of AIS confirmed by computed tomography. Doppler ultrasounds of the carotid artery were performed to determine the presence of increased carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and plaques. Results: Significantly higher mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were noted in cases with high CIMT values (P = 0.002), but not in cases with carotid plaques (P = 0.360). In addition, there was a significant association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high CIMT (P = 0.045), but not with carotid plaques (P = 0.075). Finally, while dyslipidaemia and age were independently correlated with high CIMT values (P = 0.034 and 0.050 each). Conclusion: High HbA1c levels were associated with high CIMT values, but not with carotid plaques. Therefore, HbA1c levels may be useful as an indirect marker of the initial stages of carotid artery atherosclerosis.Keywords: Glycated Hemoglobin A1c; Diabetes Mellitus; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Atherosclerotic Plaque; Stroke.

General Dentistry, Materials science, Acrylic resin, visual_art.visual_art_medium, visual_art, Composite material, Denture Repair, Methyl methacrylate, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Bond strength, Scanning electron microscope, Universal testing machine, Adhesive, Polymerization, and technology, industry, and agriculture

Purpose To evaluate the combined effect of mechanical surface treatment with intermediate bonding agents (methyl methacrylate [MMA] and silane coupling agents) and ZrO2 nanoparticle (nano-ZrO2 ) addition to repair material on the shear bond strength (SBS) of repaired denture bases. Materials and methods Heat-polymerized acrylic resin was used to fabricate 130 cylindrical blocks (15 mm × 10 mm) and divided into a control group without treatment (C, n = 10), and 3 repair groups (n = 40/group) divided into specimens treated with alumina blasting alone (AB), specimens blasted with alumina combined with silane coupling agent (AB + SCA), or combined with MMA-based composite bonding agent (AB + MA). Treated groups were further subdivided according to nano-ZrO2 concentrations into 0 wt%, 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7.5 wt% added to repair resin powder. Repair resin monomer and polymer were combined and packed on the repair area and then placed in a pressure pot at 37°C for 15 minutes for polymerization. Shear bond test was performed using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the effect of surface modifications on repair surfaces and to evaluate the topography of fracture surfaces. Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test was used to detect significant differences between groups (p ≤ 0.05). Results SBS (MPa) of specimens treated with alumina blasting and application of intermediate agents were significantly higher than the control group (p 0.05). Nano-ZrO2 addition significantly increased SBS except for AB, and 5%, 7.5% MA (p > 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that alumina blasting created rougher and more porous surfaces, while SCA and MA reduced the irregularities and fissures. Conclusion Application of bonding agents to repair surfaces after alumina blasting improved the repair bond strength and proved to be a possible new adhesive method for denture repair. Moreover, nano-ZrO2 addition in combination with surface treatment improved the repair bond strength.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Pedagogy, Psychology, and Conversation

Physiology (medical), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Physiology, Regulation of gene expression, Cell biology, Transcription factor, SNAI1, Biology, Transcription (biology), Scleraxis, SNAI1 Gene, Transcriptional regulation, and Epithelial–mesenchymal transition

Numerous physiological and pathological events, from organ development to cancer and fibrosis, are characterized by an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), whereby adherent epithelial cells convert to migratory mesenchymal cells. During cardiac development, proepicardial organ epithelial cells undergo EMT to generate fibroblasts. Subsequent stress or damage induces further phenotype conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, causing fibrosis via synthesis of an excessive extracellular matrix. We have previously shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is both sufficient and necessary for the conversion of cardiac fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and found that scleraxis knockout reduced cardiac fibroblast numbers by 50%, possibly via EMT attenuation. Scleraxis induced expression of the EMT transcriptional regulators Twist1 and Snai1 via an unknown mechanism. Here, we report that scleraxis binds to E-box consensus sequences within the Twist1 and Snai1 promoters to transactivate these genes directly. Scleraxis upregulates expression of both genes in A549 epithelial cells and in cardiac myofibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-β induces EMT, fibrosis, and scleraxis expression, and we found that transforming growth factor-β-mediated upregulation of Twist1 and Snai1 completely depends on the presence of scleraxis. Snai1 knockdown upregulated the epithelial marker E-cadherin; however, this effect was lost after scleraxis overexpression, suggesting that scleraxis may repress E-cadherin expression. Together, these results indicate that scleraxis can regulate EMT via direct transactivation of the Twist1 and Snai1 genes. Given the role of scleraxis in also driving the myofibroblast phenotype, scleraxis appears to be a critical controller of fibroblast genesis and fate in the myocardium and thus may play key roles in wound healing and fibrosis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The molecular mechanism by which the transcription factor scleraxis mediates Twist1 and Snai1 gene expression was determined. These results reveal a novel means of transcriptional regulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is dependent on scleraxis, providing a potential target for controlling this process.

Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Education, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Science education, Context (language use), Public relations, business.industry, business, Teaching method, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Construct (philosophy), CLARITY, law.invention, law, Technology education, and Political science

In this article, we consider the benefits and challenges of enacting creativity in the K-12 context and examine educational policy with regard to twenty-first century learning and technology. Creativity is widely considered to be a key construct for twenty-first century education. In this article, we review the literature on creativity relevant to education and technology to reveal some of the complex considerations that need to be addressed within educational policy. We then review how creativity emerges, or fails to emerge, in six national education policy contexts: Australia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovakia, and the U.S. We also locate the connections, or lack of, between creativity and technology within those contexts. While the discussion is limited to these nations, the implications strongly point to the need for a coherent and coordinated approach to creating greater clarity with regards to the rhetoric and reality of how creativity and technology are currently enacted in educational policy.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Educational technology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Visual arts, Field (Bourdieu), Barefoot, and Plucker

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Molecular Biology, Knockout mouse, Transcription factor, Biology, Gene knockdown, Gene expression, Fibroblast, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Cell biology, Matrix metalloproteinase, Scleraxis, and Regulation of gene expression

Remodeling of the cardiac extracellular matrix is responsible for a number of the detrimental effects on heart function that arise secondary to hypertension, diabetes and myocardial infarction. This remodeling consists both of an increase in new matrix protein synthesis, and an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade existing matrix structures. Previous studies utilizing knockout mice have demonstrated clearly that MMP2 plays a pathogenic role during matrix remodeling, thus it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate MMP2 gene expression. We have shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is an important inducer of extracellular matrix gene expression in the heart that may also control MMP2 expression. In the present study, we demonstrate that scleraxis directly transactivates the proximal MMP2 gene promoter, resulting in increased histone acetylation, and identify a specific E-box sequence in the promoter to which scleraxis binds. Cardiac myo-fibroblasts isolated from scleraxis knockout mice exhibited dramatically decreased MMP2 expression; however, scleraxis over-expression in knockout cells could rescue this loss. We further show that regulation of MMP2 gene expression by the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ occurs via a scleraxis-dependent mechanism: TGFβ induces recruitment of scleraxis to the MMP2 promoter, and TGFβ was unable to up-regulate MMP2 expression in cells lacking scleraxis due to either gene knockdown or knockout. These results reveal that scleraxis can exert control over both extracellular matrix synthesis and breakdown, and thus may contribute to matrix remodeling in wound healing and disease.

Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Seizure types, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Stroke, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, business.industry, business, EEG abnormality, Etiology, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Cohort, Pediatrics, and Original Article

Objectives: To identify the types of seizures and describe the clinical features, EEG and radiological findings among patients with epilepsy. Methods: In this retrospective epidemiological study, we analyzed the medical records of the patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy during the study period (January 1st 2016- December 2016) Results: The study included 184 patients, 91 (49.5%) were males and 93 (50.5%) females. Age ranged between 12 and 85 years (mean 35.4±19.5 SD years). Most of the patients 150 (82%) had Generalized tonic clonic seizures followed by focal onset in 27 (14%) of the patients. Main EEG abnormality was focal to bilateral was recorded in 53 (41%), idiopathic/ cryptogenic epilepsy was diagnosed in 61% of the patients. The most common abnormalities on brain imaging were temporal/hippocampal atrophy/stroke. The most common cause of symptomatic epilepsy was stroke found in 20(11%) followed by post infectious epilepsy and head trauma. Conclusion: Seizure types, EEG characteristics and etiologies of symptomatic epilepsy in our cohort of patients are in accordance with the current literature. Slight discrepancy observed in gender distribution and etiologies for symptomatic epilepsy compared with other studies from Saudi Arabia need to be studied further by prospective and population base studies.

General Dentistry, Tooth Fracture, Primary health care, Correct response, Medicine, business.industry, business, Avulsed Tooth, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Original Research, mothers, knowledge, traumatic dental injuries, lcsh:Dentistry, lcsh:RK1-715, education, geographic locations, and Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry

Fares S Al-Sehaibany,1 Reem Alajlan,2 Danah Almubarak,2 Nassr Almaflehi,3 Aljazi Aljabaa,1 Sahar F AlBarakati1 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Objective: This study investigated the knowledge of Saudi mothers regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was employed for mothers chosen by stratified-cluster random sampling technique from primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 12 months (July 2016–June 2017). The questionnaire surveyed mothers’ background and knowledge on management of tooth fracture and avulsion using photographs of TDI cases.Results: The sample consisted of 3,367 Saudi mothers. More than half of the mothers (55.3%) gave the correct response, which was to send the child with tooth fracture immediately to the dentist (p

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Epistemology, Sociology, and Intuition

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, General Medicine, Ictal, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, medicine, Trunk, Abdomen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Audiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Homunculus, Postcentral gyrus, Sensory system, Parietal lobe, business.industry, business, nervous system diseases, and nervous system

Unilateral abdominal clonic seizures represent a peculiar and rare manifestation of focal onset epilepsy. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with right-sided abdominal clonic movements associated with seizures arising from the left parietal area. We show the ictal EEG correlates of these events, including source localization of early ictal spikes; findings that have not been demonstrated in previously reported cases. The electro-clinical features in this patient suggested that clinical onset occurred after anterior propagation of ictal activity from a region posterior to the neck and trunk area of the sensory homunculus of the postcentral gyrus. [Published with video sequence on www.epilepticdisorders.com].

Electrochemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Electrode, Electrolyte, Redox, Seebeck coefficient, Ionic liquid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Cobalt, chemistry.chemical_element, Platinum, and Inorganic chemistry

Thermoelectrochemical cells are a promising technology for sustainably generating electricity from waste heat. These electrochemical devices directly convert heat into electricity, with a performance governed by the properties of the redox couple, electrolyte and electrode. In this work the influence of the nature of the redox couple on fundamental properties such as the Seebeck coefficient, diffusion coefficient and charge transfer resistance was investigated. Four different cobalt complexes containing the ligands 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) (Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3)), 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine (Co2+/3+(bupy-pz)(3)), 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (Co2+/3+(pz-py-pz)(2)) and 1,10-phenanthroline (Co2+/3+(phen)(3)) were examined in a 3:1 dimethyl sulfoxide: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate mixture. The performance of each redox couple was governed by the ligand properties. The highest Seebeck coefficient was measured for Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3) (2.36 mV K-1) which was attributed to a combination of its small radius, bi-denticity and lower degree of aromaticity. This is higher than the previously reported Co(bpy)(3) couple. The highest power output was achieved with the Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3) redox electrolyte, using platinum electrodes coated with a carbon layer, which gave 36 mW m(-2) from a Delta T of 30 degrees C. The power outputs achieved using the different redox couples was highest for those with a high Seebeck coefficient, good electrochemical reversibility and fast ion diffusion. The electrochemical reversibility depends significantly on the nature of the electrode substrate and it is demonstrated that carbon-coated platinum electrodes can be used to improve the electrochemical reversibility of these redox couples

Nature and Landscape Conservation, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), Ecological Modeling, Ecology, Urban ecology, Program Design Language, Environmental planning, Geography, Public engagement, Urbanization, Biodiversity, Ecosystem health, Urban design, Citizen science, citizen science, urban ecology, biodiversity, amphibian, conservation planning, urbanization, Biology (General), and QH301-705.5

As cities adopt mandates to protect, maintain and restore urban biodiversity, the need for urban ecology studies grows. Species-specific information on the effects of urbanization is often a limiting factor in designing and implementing effective biodiversity strategies. In suburban and exurban areas, amphibians play an important social-ecological role between people and their environment and contribute to ecosystem health. Amphibians are vulnerable to threats and imbalances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment due to a biphasic lifestyle, making them excellent indicators of local environmental health. We developed a citizen science program to systematically monitor amphibians in a large city in Alberta, Canada, where 90% of pre-settlement wetlands have been removed and human activities continue to degrade, alter, and/or fragment remaining amphibian habitats. We demonstrate successes and challenges of using publicly collected data in biodiversity monitoring. Through amphibian monitoring, we show how a citizen science program improved ecological knowledge, engaged the public in urban biodiversity monitoring and improved urban design and planning for biodiversity. We outline lessons learned to inform citizen science program design, including the importance of early engagement of decision makers, quality control assessment, assessing tensions in program design for data and public engagement goals, and incorporating conservation messaging into programming.

Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Smartphone application, Identification (information), Survey data collection, Ecology, Computer science, Collision, Citizen science, Road ecology, Context (language use), Transport engineering, and Systematic error

Abstract ContextRoad mitigation to reduce animal–vehicle collisions (AVCs) is usually based on analysis of road survey animal carcass data. This is used to identify road sections with high AVC clusters. Large mammals that are struck and die away from a road are not recorded nor considered in these analyses, reducing our understanding of the number of AVCs and the cost–benefit of road mitigation measures. AimsOur aim was to develop a method to calculate a correction factor for large mammal carcass data reported through road survey. This will improve our understanding of the magnitude and cost of AVCs. MethodCitizen scientists reported animal carcasses on walking surveys along transects parallel to the highway and reported observations using a smartphone application at three sites over a 5-year period. These data were compared with traditional road survey data. Key resultWe found that many large mammals involved in AVCs die away from the road and are, therefore, not reported in traditional road surveys. A correction factor of 2.8 for our region can be applied to road survey data to account for injury bias error in road survey carcass data. ConclusionsFor large mammals, AVCs based on road survey carcass data are underestimates. To improve information about AVCs where little is known, we recommend conducting similar research to identify a correction factor to conventionally collected road survey carcass data. ImplicationsIdentifying road mitigation sites by transportation agencies tends to focus on road sections with above-threshold AVC numbers and where cost–benefit analyses deem mitigation necessary. A correction factor improves AVC estimate accuracy, improving the identification of sites appropriate for mitigation, and, ultimately, benefitting people and wildlife by reducing risks of AVCs.

Original Articles, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin, foodborne disease, food safety, poultry, Salmonella, Animal Science and Zoology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Microbiology, Salmonella Heidelberg, Outbreak, Business, Environmental health, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Food safety, business.industry, Disease control, Disease cluster, Sampling (statistics), Sample collection, and animal structures

On June 28, 2013, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) was notified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of an investigation of a multistate cluster of illnesses of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg. Since case-patients in the cluster reported consumption of a variety of chicken products, FSIS used a simple likelihood-based approach using traceback information to focus on intensified sampling efforts. This article describes the multiphased product sampling approach taken by FSIS when epidemiologic evidence implicated chicken products from multiple establishments operating under one corporation. The objectives of sampling were to (1) assess process control of chicken slaughter and further processing and (2) determine whether outbreak strains were present in products from these implicated establishments. As part of the sample collection process, data collected by FSIS personnel to characterize product included category (whole chicken and type of chicken parts), brand, organic or conventional product, injection with salt solutions or flavorings, and whether product was skinless or skin-on. From the period September 9, 2013, through October 31, 2014, 3164 samples were taken as part of this effort. Salmonella percent positive declined from 19.7% to 5.3% during this timeframe as a result of regulatory and company efforts. The results of intensified sampling for this outbreak investigation informed an FSIS regulatory response and corrective actions taken by the implicated establishments. The company noted that a multihurdle approach to reduce Salmonella in products was taken, including on-farm efforts such as environmental testing, depopulation of affected flocks, disinfection of affected houses, vaccination, and use of various interventions within the establishments over the course of several months.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Medical education, Psychology, and Educational technology

Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Vitamin E, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Pharmacology, Metformin, medicine.drug, business.industry, business, Antioxidant, NF-κB, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Oxidative stress, medicine.disease_cause, Combination therapy, Cardioprotection, Myocardial infarction, medicine.disease, endocrine system diseases, and nutritional and metabolic diseases

Several studies have reported that metformin is cardioprotective for diabetic and non-diabetic ischemic hearts through mechanisms that cannot be entirely attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of metformin with and without vitamin E after induction myocardial infarction (MI) in rats, using isoproterenol. Administration of metformin or vitamin E significantly reduced the cardiac mass index (P < 0.01), ameliorated the changes to cardiac biomarkers, and attenuated oxidative stress levels compared to the isoproterenol group. Interestingly, combination therapy showed a slight synergistic effect. Histopathological analysis suggested that metformin treatment reduced NF-κB expression and protected against isoproterenol-induced MI. Our results indicate that metformin mediates a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced MI via antioxidant activity and modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This suggests that metformin would be beneficial in MI treatment.

Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, General Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Catalysis, Ion, Electrochemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Imide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Lithium, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrolyte, Materials science, Conductivity, Salt (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_classification, and Ionic liquid

Contrary to the accepted wisdom that avoids cation symmetry for the sake of optimum electrolyte properties, we reveal outstanding behaviour for the diethylpyrrolidinium cation ([C2epyr]), in combination with the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anion and Li[FSI]. The equimolar [C2epyr][Li][FSI]2 is a liquid with high conductivity, high Li transference number and >90% lithium metal cycling efficiency. The high level of performance for these electrolytes invites consideration of a new class of electrolytes for lithium batteries.

Education, Structure (mathematical logic), Design thinking, Qualitative research, Professional practice, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mathematics education, Classroom climate, Psychology, Cognitively Guided Instruction, Face (sociological concept), and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

The problems educators face in professional practice are complex, varied, and difficult to address. These issues range across teaching and learning topics, to social or community issues, classroom climate issues and countless others. Such problems are multifaceted, cross-disciplinary, human-centered, and rarely solved through simple or linear solutions. Grappling with them requires educators to think creatively about educational problems of practice. But given the challenges and expectations facing teachers, creativity is often seen as leisure in teaching practice. While creativity is considered a core 21st century thinking skill, many people are hesitant to self-identify as “creative,” or are uncomfortable with intellectual risk-taking and open-endedness. We suggest that design thinking may provide an accessible structure for teachers and teacher educators to think creatively in dealing with educational problems of practice. We examine a qualitative study of a graduate teaching course framed around using design thinking to creatively approach educational problems of practice. We discuss thematic takeaways that teachers experienced in learning about and using design thinking skills to approach educational problems of practice. Implications suggest that design thinking skills may provide habits of mind that benefit teachers in creative problem navigating.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Conversation, Perspective (graphical), Psychology, Educational technology, Conversation theory, Cognitive science, and Cybernetics

Physiology (medical), Pharmacology, General Medicine, Physiology, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Cardiac fibrosis, medicine.disease, Exacerbation, Cardiology, Disease, Myocardial infarction, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Diabetes mellitus, business.industry, business, Fibrosis, and Ventricular remodeling

Cardiac fibrosis is a significant global health problem that is closely associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetes. Fibrosis increases myocardial wall stiffness due to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, causing impaired systolic and diastolic function, and facilitating arrhythmogenesis. As a result, patient morbidity and mortality are often dramatically elevated compared with those with cardiovascular disease but without overt fibrosis, demonstrating that fibrosis itself is both a pathologic response to existing disease and a significant risk factor for exacerbation of the underlying condition. The lack of any specific treatment for cardiac fibrosis in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is a critical gap in our ability to care for these individuals. Here we provide an overview of the development of cardiac fibrosis, and discuss new research directions that have recently emerged and that may lead to the creation of novel treatments for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such treatments would, ideally, complement existing therapy by specifically focusing on amelioration of fibrosis.

Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Predictive value of tests, Odds ratio, Renal function, Medicine, business.industry, business, Risk factor, Urinary system, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Population study, Cohort study, Stroke, medicine.disease, and Brief Communication

Objective To explore if renal dysfunction in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can be considered a risk factor for stroke outcomes. Methods The study population consisted of adults diagnosed with acute stroke admitted to the King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2012 and 2015. Data was collected by chart review. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to estimate GFR. Patients were classified into 2 eGFR categories: eGFR more than 60 (normal) and eGFR less than or equal 60 (low). Results A total of 727 patients were studied of whom 596 (82%) had normal eGFR and 131 (18%) had low eGFR. There were more males (68.5%). Ischemic strokes were more prevalent (87.2%). Urinary tract infections were more likely to occur in the low eGFR group (OR=2.047, 95% CI=1.024 - 4.093). They were also significantly more likely to die during admission (OR=3.772, 95% CI=1.609-8.844). There was a statistically significant degree of disability reflected by higher mRS (p=0.010) as well as higher post-stroke National Institute of Health Stroke Score scores in the low eGFR group (p=0.011). Conclusion Estimated glomerular filtration rate is a possible predictor of stroke severity, disability and mortality.

Language and Linguistics, Communication, Politics, Epistemology, Big data, business.industry, business, Situated, Social science, Strengths and weaknesses, Magic (illusion), Sociology, Interrogation, Faith, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Face (sociological concept)

“Big Data” and “artificial intelligence” have captured the public imagination and are profoundly shaping social, economic, and political spheres. Through an interrogation of the histories, perceptions, and practices that shape these technologies, we problematize the myths that animate the supposed “magic” of these systems. In the face of an increasingly widespread blind faith in data-driven technologies, we argue for grounding machine learning-based practices and untethering them from hype and fear cycles. One path forward is to develop a rich methodological framework for addressing the strengths and weaknesses of doing data analysis. Through provocatively reimagining machine learning as computational ethnography, we invite practitioners to prioritize methodological reflection and recognize that all knowledge work is situated practice.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Courage, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Psychology, Management, and Educational technology

Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, General Medicine, Bcl-2-associated X protein, biology.protein, biology, Chemistry, Programmed cell death, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Cisplatin, medicine.drug, medicine, Stereochemistry, Flow cytometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cancer, medicine.disease, Cell growth, and Apoptosis

Both quinacrine, which contains a 9-aminoacridine scaffold, and thiazolidin-4-one are promising anticancer leads. In an attempt to develop effective and potentially safe anticancer agents, we synthesized 23 novel hybrid compounds by linking the main structural unit of the 9-aminoacridine ring with the thiazolidin-4-one ring system, followed by examination of their anticancer effects against three human breast tumor cell lines and matching non-cancer cells. Most of the hybrid compounds showed good activities, and many of them possessed the preferential killing property against cancer over non-cancer cells. In particular, 3-[3-(6-chloro-2-methoxy-acridin-9-ylamino)-propyl]-2-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one (11; VR118) effectively killed/inhibited proliferation of cancer cells at IC50 values in the range of 1.2-2.4 μM. Furthermore, unlike quinacrine or cisplatin, compound 11 showed strong selectivity for cancer cell killing, as it could kill cancer cells 7.6-fold (MDA-MB231 vs MCF10A) to 14.7-fold (MCF7 vs MCF10A) more effectively than matching non-cancer cells. Data from flow cytometry, TUNEL and Western blot assays showed that compound 11 kills cancer cells by apoptosis through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 (but not Bcl-XL) survival protein and up-regulation of Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic proteins. Thus, compound 11 is a highly promising lead for an effective and potentially anticancer therapy.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Rationality, Cognitive science, Psychology, Epistemology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, and Neuroscientist

Computer Science Applications, Education, Educational technology, Sociology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Public relations, business.industry, and business

Moisture distribution, Geotechnical engineering, Partially saturated, Materials science, Tomography, Electrical measurements, Absorption (acoustics), and Electrical resistance and conductance

This paper investigates the feasibility of imaging the movement of water into partially saturated concrete using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). With this technique, the spatial distribution of electrical resistance within the concrete sample was acquired from 4-point electrical measurements obtained on its surface. As the ingress of water influences the electrical properties of the concrete, it is shown that ERT can assist in monitoring and visualising water movement within concrete. To this end, the difference-imaging technique was used to obtain a qualitative representation of moisture distribution within concrete during the initial 20-h absorption. It is shown that the technique also enables the influence of surface damage to be studied.

General Energy, Pollution, Mechanical Engineering, Building and Construction, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering, Wind power, business.industry, business, Efficient energy use, Environmental economics, Oil shale, Renewable energy, Energy mix, Energy engineering, Energy security, Economics, Electricity generation, and Waste management

In this study Jordan's energy options were evaluated and ranked with respect to several criteria clusters including financial, technical, environmental, ecological, social, and risk assessment. The Analytical Hierarchy Process; a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, was selected to evaluate the electricity generation options for Jordan. Energy options covered in the analysis include both conventional and renewable sources. Conventional sources evaluated include Oil and Natural Gas. Renewable sources covered wind, biomass, Photovoltaic and concentrated solar systems. The study also investigated generation from nuclear energy and direct combustion of oil shale as well as demand side savings from energy efficiency measures as a resource. Results indicate that to date; conventional fuels remain Jordan's most feasible options from a technical and financial perspective. Nonetheless diversification is essential to promoting energy security as well as environmental welfare. Results indicate that Jordan's best diversification options are nuclear, oil shale, biomass, and wind energy.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Flow (mathematics), Linguistics, Meaning (existential), Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitive science, Psychology, and Educational technology

Geriatrics and Gerontology, Developmental Biology, Neurology (clinical), Aging, General Neuroscience, Temporal cortex, Hippocampus, Neuroscience, Cortex (anatomy), medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Cell type, Psychology, Microglia, Neurodegeneration, medicine.disease, Neuropathology, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Neuroinflammation, nervous system, sense organs, and genetic structures

A subtype of microglia is defined by the morphological appearance of the cells as rod shaped. Little is known about this intriguing cell type, as there are only a few case reports describing rod-shaped microglia in the neuropathological literature. Rod-shaped microglia were shown recently to account for a substantial proportion of the microglia cells in the hippocampus of both demented and cognitively intact aged individuals. We hypothesized that aging could be a defining feature in the occurrence of rod-shaped microglia. To test this hypothesis, 2 independent series of autopsy cases (total n = 168 cases), which covered the adult lifespan from 20 to 100+ years old, were included in the study. The presence or absence of rod-shaped microglia was scored on IBA1 immunohistochemically stained slides for the hippocampus and cortex. We found that age was one of the strongest determinants for the presence of rod-shaped microglia in the hippocampus and the cortex. We found no association with the presence of rod-shaped microglia and a self-reported history of a TBI. Alzheimer's disease–related pathology was found to influence the presence of rod-shaped microglia, but only in the parietal cortex and not in the hippocampus or temporal cortex. Future studies are warranted to determine the functional relevance of rod-shaped microglia in supporting the health of neurons in the aged brain, and the signaling processes that regulate the formation of rod-shaped microglia.

dotatate, drugs, inotersen, Lutathera, oligonucleotides, Onpattro, patisiran, peptides, pharmaceutical market, Tegsedi, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:R, lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica, lcsh:RS1-441, Review, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Pharmaceutical market, Mode of action, Food and drug administration, Business, Pharmacology, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Chemistry, Medicinal, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, and 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences

In 2018, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved a total of 59 new drugs, three of them (5%) are TIDES (or also, -tides), two oligonucleotides and one peptide. Herein, the three TIDES approved are analyzed in terms of medical target, mode of action, chemical structure, and economics.

creativity, business, education, training, professional development, creative thinking, theories, arts, arts-based methods, innovation, lcsh:Management. Industrial management, lcsh:HD28-70, lcsh:Business, lcsh:HF5001-6182, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, Sociology and Political Science, Development, Identity (social science), The arts, Judgement, Engineering ethics, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mindset, Educational psychology, Business education, Professional development, and Sociology

Creativity has become one of the most sought-after skills from graduates across business and industry. It is therefore imperative to infuse creativity training within business programs of study and professional development experiences, to remind people of their eternally curious and creative nature. The objective of this paper is to explore the literature around theories of creative potential and performance—including creative identity, creative mindset, and creative self-efficacy. We consider perspectives that reveal that creativity is a mindset predicated on beliefs and ways of thinking. Educational psychology literature and theories of creative self-belief illustrate how creative identity, mindset, and self-efficacy form the core of an individual’s belief system to think, act, and develop creatively in the world. This connects to the potential of arts-based methods as a means to infuse creative learning into business education. We illustrate how our findings can be put into practice by sharing an example of an art-based intervention that is currently in progress to develop creative capacity among students in an internationally known business program. We conclude with the idea that its incumbent upon business education, professional development, and training to incorporate methodologies that enhance creative capacity by initially eliminating or minimizing self-perceived limitations in people, such as fear, negative personal judgement, and chattering of the mind—and theories of creative self-belief provide a foundation that can undergird arts-based methods toward this goal.

General Medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Weakness, medicine.symptom, medicine, business.industry, business, Tetraparesis, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Body region, Respiratory failure, Cranial nerves, Postpartum period, Guillain-Barre syndrome, medicine.disease, lcsh:Medicine, and lcsh:R

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a heterogeneous disorder with a diverse clinical presentation ranging from weakness of certain body regions to tetraparesis with autonomic dysfunction and respiratory failure. Paraparetic GBS is a variant of GBS which is characterised by weakness limited to the lower limbs only. It is crucial to identify such topographical presentations, as a delay in diagnosis can lead to delayed initiation of specific treatment, which can negatively impact the outcome. We report a 29-year-old female patient who presented to the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia, in 2017 with rapid onset asymmetrical weakness of lower extremities associated with bladder dysfunction during the immediate postpartum period. The weakness spared cranial nerves and arms and imaging studies of the spine was unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid investigations showed cyto-albuminologic dissociation and nerve conduction studies showed features of demyelination. The patient was diagnosed with a paraparetic variant of GBS and treated with intravenous immunoglobulin. She had almost recovered completely at the two–month follow-up.Keywords: Paraparesis; Guillain-Barré Syndrome; Demyelination; Postpartum Period; Case Report; Saudi Arabia.

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Young adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Electroencephalography, medicine.diagnostic_test, Psychiatry, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, business.industry, business, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Parkinsonian gait, medicine.symptom, Early onset, Phenotype, Dravet syndrome, and genetic structures

Distinguishing adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome from those with Dravet syndrome is challenging. We have previously reported that patients with Dravet syndrome present a very peculiar motor phenotype. Here we sought to confirm that this association was not linked to the chronic use of antiepileptic drugs or the many lifetime seizures. To this aim, we studied 14 adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and 14 adults with Dravet syndrome because both conditions share similar seizure severity. We found that antecollis and parkinsonian gait were significantly more common in the Dravet group, thus suggesting that these features are part of the Dravet syndrome adult phenotype.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Psychology, Ideation, Psychoanalysis, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Educational technology

Computer Science Applications, Education, Improvisation, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitive science, Educational technology, Psychology, Social learning, Conversation, Structure (mathematical logic), and Pedagogy

Education, Discipline, Function (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitively Guided Instruction, Pedagogy, Creativity, Mathematics education, Set (psychology), Skills management, Qualitative research, Psychology, Exploratory research, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, and ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS

Although discussions of thinking skills often revolve around students and learners, it is equally important to consider habits of mind and thinking skills for successful and creative teachers. Teachers are primary mediators of thinking and learning for their students, and understanding how excellent teachers function and use thinking skills is an important, albeit often underserved, area of research. Amid the expansion of research and discussion around thinking skills in general, one approach that has garnered interest in recent years is the idea of “transdisciplinary” thinking—which entails effective approaches to thinking and working, that cut across disciplinary boundaries. Existing research has shown that the most successful creative thinkers in the sciences tend to use a set of meta-level cognitive “transdisciplinary” skills. While others have suggested this transdisciplinary skill set as a framework for teaching, it has not yet been formally studied with regard to teachers, particularly those deemed as “effective” or “creative”. This article discusses a qualitative study that investigated the use of seven transdisciplinary thinking skills among highly accomplished and nationally award winning teachers. National teacher of the year award winners and finalists were interviewed with regard to their use of transdisciplinary thinking skills in their teaching beliefs and practices. Results exemplify how such skills are used by such effective, creative teachers in a diverse range of ways, with broader implications for future study and practice.

Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Microbiology, Toxoplasma gondii, biology.organism_classification, biology, Chronic infection, Reprogramming, Central nervous system, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Virology, Induced pluripotent stem cell, NeuN, biology.protein, Cord blood, Population, education.field_of_study, education, nervous system, and parasitic diseases

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite with approximately one-third of the worlds' population chronically infected. In chronically infected individuals, the parasite resides primarily in cysts within neurons in the central nervous system. The chronic infection in immunocompetent individuals has been considered to be asymptomatic but increasing evidence indicates the chronic infection can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia, prenatal depression and suicidal thoughts. A better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which the parasite exerts effects on human behavior is limited due to lack of suitable human neuronal models. In this paper, we report the use of human neurons derived from normal cord blood CD34+ cells generated via genetic reprogramming, as an in vitro model for the study T. gondii in neurons. This culture method resulted in a relatively pure monolayer of induced human neuronal-like cells that stained positive for neuronal markers, MAP2, NFL, NFH and NeuN. These induced human neuronal-like cells (iHNs) were efficiently infected by the Prugniad strain of the parasite and supported replication of the tachyzoite stage and development of the cyst stage. Infected iHNs could be maintained through 5 days of infection, allowing for formation of large cysts. This induced human neuronal model represents a novel culture method to study both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages of T. gondii in human neurons.

Urban Studies, Safety Research, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer, Police accountability, Facial recognition system, People of color, Conflation, Sound recording and reproduction, Misconduct, Phone, Computer science, Accountability, and ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION

Even prior to the widespread adoption of police-worn body cameras, video has played a role in illuminating evidence of policing misconduct and fatal shootings, including bystanders’ cell phone cameras, dashboard-mounted cameras, and CCTV surveillance. But among these recording devices, it is body-worn cameras that have garnered national attention as instruments that would facilitate accountability and improve police-community relations as a whole. Proponents claim that body-worn cameras combine features that previous forms of video recording only possessed piece-meal: a high level of mobility, chain-of-custody, and the capacity to capture audio-visual data continuously. Unlike cell phone-produced footage, which relies on the presence of a bystander willing to record the scene of an incident, body-worn cameras would eliminate the need for fortuitous happenstance by recording continuously and approximating the field of view of police officers on the ground in day-to-day activities. But it is this same feature of constant surveillance that has sparked concerns from civil rights groups about how body-worn cameras may violate privacy. The intimacy of body-worn cameras’ presence—which potentially enables the recording of even mundane interpersonal interactions with citizens—can be exploited with the application of technologies like facial recognition; this can exacerbate existing practices that have historically victimized people of color and vulnerable populations. Not only do such technologies increase surveillance, but they also conflate the act of surveilling citizens with the mechanisms by which police conduct is evaluated. Although police accountability is the goal, the camera’s view is pointed outward and away from its wearer, and audio recording captures any sounds within range. As a result, it becomes increasingly difficult to ask whether one can demand greater accountability without increased surveillance at the same time.

Civil and Structural Engineering, Cylinder (engine), law.invention, law, Materials science, Brittleness, Composite material, Ultimate tensile strength, Compressive strength, Fibre content, Reinforced concrete, and Cement

In this paper the behaviour of the normal concrete and concrete with different types of fibre (steel, macro-polypropylene and micro-polypropylene fibres) have been studied; in terms of the compressive strength, split tensile strength, density, and the workability for concrete grade 30 without admixture. Varied fibre content to determine the optimum strength with 1%, 2%, and 4% by the volume of cement, cubes specimens of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm to test the compressive strength were cured for the period of 7, 14 and 28 days before crushing, and cylinder specimens with 100 mm diameter and 200 mm length were cured for 28 days before breaking. The results show that there are some limitations of adding fibres to the mix; however the use of fibres has shown a significant change on the behaviour of the concrete without admixture. In total, 66 specimens including the normal concrete were cast and tested in comparison. The test also results show that the use of steel, macro-fibre, and micro-polypropylene change the failure types to ductile failures, thus overcoming the brittleness problem of the concrete, and improves the split tensile strength.

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Early initiation, Medicine, business.industry, business, Acute ischemic stroke, Atrial fibrillation, medicine.disease, Warfarin, medicine.drug, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Non valvular atrial fibrillation, Cohort study, Infarction, Stroke, and cardiovascular diseases

Objective To identify timing for initiation of anticoagulation therapy in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) with non-valvular AF as regards safety and efficacy by detecting the rate of intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and recurrent ischemic symptoms (RIS) during follow-up. Methods This is a prospective observational cohort study conducted at King Fahd Hospital of the University including 120 patients with AIS/TIAs from July 2016 till July 2018. We compared patients who received anticoagulants 1–6 days (Group I (45.83%), 7–14 days, Group II (35%), and > 14 days after the ischemic event (Group III (19.17%). Follow-up was at least 3 months and included identifying ICH or RIS. Result ICH has occurred in 26.67% (n = 32) patients with a highly statistically significant association with time of treatment (P-value = .01) being higher in group I (n = 17) compared to only 1 case in group III. Subgroup analyses on the ICH patients (n = 32) has revealed statistical significant association with higher NIHSS score (P = .001). Also, the type of anticoagulants used between three groups pointed to an association existence (p = .02), however, the direction of this association cannot be determined. There was no statistical significant association between RIS (occurred in 4.16% (n = 5) with time of treatment (P = .754). Functional outcome at 3–6 months measured by mRS did not differ between 3 groups (worst mRS in group I). Conclusion Early initiation of anticoagulation after stroke, especially in cases of large infarction, is associated with significant risk of ICH. This risk is highest with warfarin and lowest with DOAC.

Education, General Medicine, Test (assessment), Pedagogy, Undergraduate research, Curriculum, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Medical psychology, business.industry, business, Likert scale, Alternative medicine, Cross-sectional study, and Response rate (survey)

Background: The importance of undergraduate research (UR) to students is well acknowledged in literature; however, little is known about its perceived barriers. The aim of study is to explore the perceived barriers toward participation in UR activities among students at Alfaisal University—College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia.Methods: An online, anonymous, cross-sectional, self-rating survey was administered. A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the average five-point Likert scale responses between male and female students.Results: Two-hundred and twenty-one students (n = 221/350) participated in the survey with a 63.1% response rate. The percentage of participation in UR significantly differed by gender (males vs. females: 68.6% vs. 45.4%; p

Computer Science Applications, Education, Crowdsourcing, business.industry, business, Gatekeeping, Sociology, World Wide Web, Frame (artificial intelligence), The Internet, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creative work, Field (Bourdieu), and Educational technology

Twenty-first century technologies have begun to reshape the sharing of idea, art, culture, and other forms of content through approaches such as internet crowdsourcing of data or ideas, applications for creating and sharing video, audio, images, and text across contexts, and new avenues devoted to sharing this content. We argue that new technological platforms allow creators to bypass traditional gatekeeping processes, providing the opportunity to not only showcase creative skills but also redefine a field’s classification of what is “creative” work. We frame our discussion within Csikszentmihalyi’s systems view of creativity, and how these new technological ways of creating and sharing may require us to rethink this model. We suggest that such a rethinking of the systems view of creativity can have significant implications for the use of digital technologies in education.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Fields Medal, Educational technology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mathematics education, and Psychology

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Waste heat, Inorganic chemistry, Cobalt, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Electrode potential, Chemical engineering, Redox, Electrolyte, Ionic liquid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Propylene carbonate, and Temperature gradient

Increasing the application of technologies for harvesting waste heat could make a significant contribution to sustainable energy production. Thermoelectrochemical cells are one such emerging technology, where the thermal response of a redox couple in an electrolyte is used to generate a potential difference across a cell when a temperature gradient exists. The unique physical properties of ionic liquids make them ideal for application as electrolytes in these devices. One of the keys to utilizing these media in efficient thermoelectrochemical cells is achieving high Seebeck coefficients, Se: the thermodynamic quantity that determines the magnitude of the voltage achieved per unit temperature difference. Here, we report the Se and cell performance of a cobalt-based redox couple in a range of different ionic liquids, to investigate the influence of the nature of the IL on the thermodynamics and cell performance of the redox system. The results reported include the highest Se to-date for an IL-based electrolyte. The effect of diluting the different ILs with propylene carbonate is also reported, which results in a significant increase in the output powers and current densities of the device.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Social science, Center (algebra and category theory), Empathy, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Customer service, Psychology, Perspective-taking, and Educational technology

Subscription Rates, Orders, Inquiries: Please contact the Springer Customer Service Center for the latest rates and information: The Americas (North, South, Central America, and the Caribbean): Springer Journal Fulfillment 233 Spring Street New York, NY 10013-1578, USA TEL: 800-777-4643; 212-460-1500 (outside North America) E-MAIL: journals-ny@springer.com; servicio-ny@springer.com (Central and South America)

Computer Science Applications, Education, Educational technology, Sociology, Creative synthesis, Soundscape, and Visual arts

Computer Networks and Communications, Human-Computer Interaction, Education, Information Systems, Research data, The arts, Service (systems architecture), Interoperability, Political science, Best practice, Implementation, and Humanities

DARIAH Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities aims to support digitally-enabled research across the arts and humanities. The activities and service portfolios are centered around communities to enable transnational, interdisciplinary research. One of the most important goals of DARIAH is the sustainable research data management. Although widely-acknowledged standards and best practices are utilized for essential long-term storage components, offering an interoperable technological solution is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tools and data. In this article, we analyze these problems, discuss a general concept for long-term storage in DARIAH, and present two implementations of the corresponding preservation services.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Trans disciplinary, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Work (electrical), Formative assessment, Pedagogy, Educational technology, Psychology, and Embodied cognition

We have argued previously for seven “tools for thinking” that underlie transdisciplinary thinking and creativity (Mishra, Koehler, & Henriksen, 2011). Inspired in part by Root-Bernstein & Root-Bernstein’s (1999) work in this area, we argue that these skills encapsulate the ways in which creative people think. These seven skills are: Perceiving, Patterning, Abstracting, Embodied Thinking, Modeling, Play, and Synthesizing. Our last article (Henriksen, Terry, & Mishra, in press) was on the skill of Modeling, while this article focuses on Play.

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, General Medicine, Physical Stimulation, Critically ill, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, Stimulation, business.industry, business, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain waves, Electroencephalography, and Neurointensive care

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Trans disciplinary, Educational technology, Pedagogy, and Formative assessment

Computer Science Applications, Education, Trans disciplinary, Pedagogy, Educational technology, Habit, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Sociology

Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Gender Studies, Nexus (standard), Sociology, The Internet, business.industry, business, Facilitator, Sex trafficking, Public relations, Operationalization, Governmentality, Public policy, and Human sexuality

Within some public policy and scholarly accounts, human trafficking is increasingly understood as a technological problem that invites collaborative anti-trafficking solutions. A growing cohort of state, non-governmental, and corporate actors in the United States have come together around the shared contention that technology functions as both a facilitator and disrupting force of trafficking, specifically sex trafficking. Despite increased attention to the trafficking-technology nexus, scant research to date has critically unpacked these shifts nor mapped how technology reconfigures anti-trafficking collaborations. In this article, we propose that widespread anxieties and overzealous optimism about technology’s role in facilitating and disrupting trafficking have simultaneously promoted a tri-part anti-trafficking response, one animated by a law and order agenda, operationalized through augmented internet, mobile, and networked surveillance, and maintained through the integration of technology experts and advocates into organized anti-trafficking efforts. We suggest that an examination of technology has purchase for students of gender, sexuality, and neoliberal governmentality in its creation of new methods of surveillance, exclusion, and expertise.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Interview, Cognitive science, Educational technology, Developmental psychology, Habit, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Psychology, Thinking skills, and Creativity

Temple Grandin is an engineer, a doctor of animal science, and a professor at Colorado State University. She has achieved all this even while having been diagnosed as autistic when she was two years old. In her recent book The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum, she discusses her efforts to understand how humans develop and use different ways of thinking through interviewing autistic individuals in different fields and disciplines. Through this she has identified three different ways people organize, process, remember and use new information: thinking in words, thinking in pictures, and thinking in patterns or structures.

Sociology and Political Science, Communication, Information privacy, Context (language use), Affordance, Social media, Individualism, Control (management), Negotiation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Information control, Sociology, Internet privacy, business.industry, and business

While much attention is given to young people’s online privacy practices on sites like Facebook, current theories of privacy fail to account for the ways in which social media alter practices of information-sharing and visibility. Traditional models of privacy are individualistic, but the realities of privacy reflect the location of individuals in contexts and networks. The affordances of social technologies, which enable people to share information about others, further preclude individual control over privacy. Despite this, social media technologies primarily follow technical models of privacy that presume individual information control. We argue that the dynamics of sites like Facebook have forced teens to alter their conceptions of privacy to account for the networked nature of social media. Drawing on their practices and experiences, we offer a model of networked privacy to explain how privacy is achieved in networked publics.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Library science, Educational technology, and State (computer science)

Computer Science Applications, Education, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitive psychology, Music psychology, Creativity, Cognitive science, The arts, Process (engineering), Habit, Politics, Psychology, and Educational technology

The first cognitive tool of perception is critical to all disciplines, spanning the arts and the sciences, language and politics, psychology and music, and more. We see it as a two-layered process, requiring both observing and imaging.