articles+ search results

Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Communication, Internet privacy, business.industry, business, Sociology, Convergence (relationship), Advertising, and Information privacy

Not all Facebook users appreciated the September 2006 launch of the `News Feeds' feature. Concerned about privacy implications, thousands of users vocalized their discontent through the site itself, forcing the company to implement privacy tools. This essay examines the privacy concerns voiced following these events. Because the data made easily visible were already accessible with effort, what disturbed people was primarily the sense of exposure and invasion. In essence, the `privacy trainwreck' that people experienced was the cost of social convergence.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electronic engineering, Electrical engineering, business.industry, business, Power transmission, Voltage, Engineering, Transmission system, Flicker, Power system harmonics, Evaluation system, Voltage flicker, Field tests, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, and ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION

This paper discusses an investigation of transmission system voltage flicker due to the effects of the operation of multiple AC and DC furnaces, harmonic filters, and static VAr systems. The electric utility transmission voltages are measured using a unique flicker measurement and evaluation system. The field tests are compared to an analysis of the expected flicker in the system. >

Artificial Intelligence, Philosophy, Quantum mechanics, Quantum entanglement, Consciousness, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Quantum dissipation, Quantum process, Open quantum system, Theoretical physics, Quantum dynamics, Quantum discord, and Quantum system

There have been suggestions that the unity of consciousness may be related to the kind of holism depicted only in quantum physics. This argument will be clarified and strengthened. It requires the brain to contain a quantum system with the right properties — a “Bose-Einstein condensate”. It probably does contain one such system, as both theory and experiment have indicated. In fact, we cannot pay full attention to a quantum whole and its parts simultaneously, though we may oscillate between the two. In a quantum theory of consciousness, emergent meanings arise as an inevitable consequence of Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle.

Health Policy, Mental health, Medicine, business.industry, business, Parity (mathematics), Health organization, Health care, Managed care, Descriptive research, Sample (statistics), Insurability, and Nursing

Debate continues about the cost and use of mental health services under managed care, as legislators consider various “parity” bills. This descriptive research replicates, broadens, and expands previously published case studies of single employers' data on cost and treatment prevalence in a large, diverse, national sample whose varied point-of-service benefits were provided by thirty employers representing multiple industries. Of those covered, 59,005 received treatment over the seven years studied. Of particular note is the pattern of increased use, increased care within the managed behavioral health organization network, and long-term cost reductions.

Review, pharmaceutical market, drugs, drug discovery, solid-phase peptide synthesis, Science & Technology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Chemistry, Medicinal, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR, SERUM PARATHYROID-HORMONE, AMG 416, SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM, AGONIST, ETELCALCETIDE, DISCOVERY, PHARMACOKINETICS, HEMODIALYSIS, PLECANATIDE, 1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:R, lcsh:Pharmacy and materia medica, lcsh:RS1-441, general_medical_research, Pharmaceutical market, Business, Peptide, chemistry.chemical_classification, chemistry, Drug discovery, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Science, Molecular Medicine, Medicine, business.industry, Mode of action, and Plecanatide

2017 was an excellent year in terms of new drugs (chemical entities and biologics) approved by the FDA, with a total of forty-six. In turn, one of the highlights was the number of peptides (six) included in this list. Here, the six peptides are analysed in terms of chemical structure, synthetic strategy used for their production, source, biological target, and mode of action.

Health Policy, Leadership and Management, Psychology, Work life, Quality of work life, Shared governance, Nursing, Patient satisfaction, and food and beverages

Background: Adopting shared governance in nursing is considered a strategic tool that can enhance both nurse and patient satisfaction and will, in turn, improve nurses' work life. Aim: To compare the differences in nurses' perceptions of the quality of the work environment between hospitals that had adopted to use shared governance and those that had not. Method: A cross-sectional, descriptive and comparative design was used. Two hospitals were selected, one of them had adopted a shared governance approach at both the unit and departmental level and the other was a hospital that had not adopted shared governance. Results: From November 2017 to January 2018, 470 questionnaires were completed by nurses across the two hospitals, 330 of them were working in a hospital that had adopted shared governance. There is a statistically significant difference in how nurses percieve their work-life balance between the two hospitals (t=9.62; P=>0.001). Moreover, a significant positive correlation was recognised between the Perception of Quality of Work Life score and all subdomains of nurses' perceptions. Conclusion: The adoption of a shared governance model in the nursing department has a significant impact on improving the quality of the working life of a nurse.

Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, Social network, business.industry, business, Identity (social science), World Wide Web, Connection (vector bundle), Public displays, Everyday life, and Computer communication networks

Participants in social network sites create self-descriptive profiles that include their links to other members, creating a visible network of connections — the ostensible purpose of these sites is to use this network to make friends, dates, and business connections. In this paper we explore the social implications of the public display of one's social network. Why do people display their social connections in everyday life, and why do they do so in these networking sites? What do people learn about another's identity through the signal of network display? How does this display facilitate connections, and how does it change the costs and benefits of making and brokering such connections compared to traditional means? The paper includes several design recommendations for future networking sites.

Computer Science Applications, Health Policy, Public Administration, Health (social science), Harm, Politics, Moral panic, Ideology, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Race (biology), Social media, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Psychology, Ethnic group, and Social psychology

The widespread adoption of social media and other networked technologies by youth has prompted concerns about the safety issues they face when they go online, including the potential of being hurt by a stranger, being exposed to pornographic or violent content, and bullying or being bullied. These concerns often manifest as fears and anxieties in parents and can lead to pervasive moral panics. Eager to shield children from potential risks, parents—and lawmakers—often respond to online safety concerns by enacting restrictions with little consideration for the discrepancy between parental concern and actual harm. As this article shows, parental fears are not uniform across different population groups. Our findings demonstrate that, while concern may be correlated with experiencing online safety risks, parental concerns with respect to online safety issues also vary significantly by background—notably race and ethnicity, income, metropolitan status, and political ideology. As policies develop to empower parents, more consideration must be given to how differences in parental fears shape attitudes, practices, and norms.

Computer Networks and Communications, Computer Science Applications, Semiotics of social networking, Social science, Scholarship, Social network, business.industry, business, Enterprise social software, Computer-mediated communication, Cyberpsychology, Engineering ethics, Social media optimization, Poison control, Psychology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Strategy and Management, Management of Technology and Innovation, Special section, Affordance, Public relations, Section (typography), Sociology, Perspective (graphical), and Theme (narrative)

Social network sites (SNSs) are increasingly attracting the attention of academic and industry researchers intrigued by their affordances and reach. This special theme section of the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication brings together scholarship on these emergent phenomena. In this introductory article, we describe features of SNSs and propose a comprehensive definition. We then present one perspective on the history of such sites, discussing key changes and developments. After briefly summarizing existing scholarship concerning SNSs, we discuss the articles in this special section and conclude with considerations for future research.

Communication, Cultural Studies, Political science, Political action, Social network, business.industry, business, Public relations, and Social psychology

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, General Medicine, Ictal, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, medicine, Trunk, Abdomen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Audiology, medicine.medical_specialty, Homunculus, Postcentral gyrus, Sensory system, Parietal lobe, business.industry, business, nervous system diseases, and nervous system

Unilateral abdominal clonic seizures represent a peculiar and rare manifestation of focal onset epilepsy. We present the case of a 26-year-old man with right-sided abdominal clonic movements associated with seizures arising from the left parietal area. We show the ictal EEG correlates of these events, including source localization of early ictal spikes; findings that have not been demonstrated in previously reported cases. The electro-clinical features in this patient suggested that clinical onset occurred after anterior propagation of ictal activity from a region posterior to the neck and trunk area of the sensory homunculus of the postcentral gyrus. [Published with video sequence on www.epilepticdisorders.com].

Communication, Cultural Studies, Sociology, Internet privacy, business.industry, business, Visibility (geometry), The Internet, and Social psychology

The complexities of the Internet continue to be a source of consternation for parents, educators, and policy makers. Some embrace the Internet, evangelizing about its tremendous potential. Others f...

General Engineering, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Timeline, Social media, Poison control, Social engagement, Computer-mediated communication, Social psychology, Social group, Psychology, Homophily, and Collective identity

The principle of homophily says that people associate with other groups of people who are mostly like themselves. Many online communities are structured around groups of socially similar individuals. On Twitter, however, people are exposed to multiple, diverse points of view through the public timeline. The authors captured 30,000 tweets about the shooting of George Tiller, a late-term abortion doctor, and the subsequent conversations among pro-life and pro-choice advocates. They found that replies between like-minded individuals strengthen group identity, whereas replies between different-minded individuals reinforce in-group and out-group affiliation. Their results show that people are exposed to broader viewpoints than they were before but are limited in their ability to engage in meaningful discussion. They conclude with implications for different kinds of social participation on Twitter more generally.

Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Communication, Order (business), Sociology, Advertising, Gossip, Consumption (sociology), Persona, Power (social and political), Social media, Personally identifiable information, and Personality psychology

Social media technologies let people connect by creating and sharing content. We examine the use of Twitter by famous people to conceptualize celebrity as a practice. On Twitter, celebrity is practiced through the appearance and performance of ‘backstage’ access. Celebrity practitioners reveal what appears to be personal information to create a sense of intimacy between participant and follower, publicly acknowledge fans, and use language and cultural references to create affiliations with followers. Interactions with other celebrity practitioners and personalities give the impression of candid, uncensored looks at the people behind the personas. But the indeterminate ‘authenticity’ of these performances appeals to some audiences, who enjoy the game playing intrinsic to gossip consumption. While celebrity practice is theoretically open to all, it is not an equalizer or democratizing discourse. Indeed, in order to successfully practice celebrity, fans must recognize the power differentials intrinsic to the relationship.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Power (social and political), Sociology, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Media studies, Craft, Educational technology, and Fandom

General Arts and Humanities, Archeology, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Toponymy, Sixth century, Archaeology, Agriculture, business.industry, business, and Engineering

Since their discovery in 1993 the Petra papyri have drawn the attention of both historians and archaeologists because of the amount of information they contain. They deal with the property of Theodoros, son of Obodianus, and his family in Petra and its vicinity in the period between AD 537 and 593. This paper focuses on agriculture and its importance in Petra and the surrounding area in the sixth century AD, according to the information derived from the scrolls. It appears that agriculture played a major role in the economy of Petra and its hinterland at the time these documents were written. The papyri repeatedly mention agricultural lands throughout the region and in many cases specify their locations and toponyms. Some of the latter are significantly still in use. There is also information about springs, some of which are still active and contribute to local agriculture. Some papyri even contain information about the type of plants grown in the area. Finally, the authors present the current state of agriculture at selected places and compare it with the state of agriculture in the sixth century AD in the study area.

Library and Information Sciences, Communication, Internet privacy, business.industry, business, Data science, Human communication, Datafication, Big data, Analytics, Social media, Phone, Digital sociology, Sociology, and Communication studies

The era of Big Data has begun. Computer scientists, physicists, economists, mathematicians, political scientists, bio-informaticists, sociologists, and other scholars are clamoring for access to the massive quantities of information produced by and about people, things, and their interactions. Diverse groups argue about the potential benefits and costs of analyzing genetic sequences, social media interactions, health records, phone logs, government records, and other digital traces left by people. Significant questions emerge. Will large-scale search data help us create better tools, services, and public goods? Or will it usher in a new wave of privacy incursions and invasive marketing? Will data analytics help us understand online communities and political movements? Or will it be used to track protesters and suppress speech? Will it transform how we study human communication and culture, or narrow the palette of research options and alter what ‘research’ means? Given the rise of Big Data as a socio-tech...

Psychiatry and Mental health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Social psychology, Occupational safety and health, Psychology, Poison control, Landline, Suicide prevention, Data collection, Double counting (accounting), Human factors and ergonomics, Injury prevention, and Article

Purpose To inform the scientific debate about bullying, including cyberbullying, measurement. Methods Two split-form surveys were conducted online among 6–17-year-olds (n = 1,200 each) to inform recommendations for cyberbullying measurement. Results Measures that use the word "bully" result in prevalence rates similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included, whereas measures not using the word "bully" are similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included. A behavioral list of bullying experiences without either a definition or the word "bully" results in higher prevalence rates and likely measures experiences that are beyond the definition of "bullying." Follow-up questions querying differential power, repetition, and bullying over time were used to examine misclassification. The measure using a definition but not the word "bully" appeared to have the highest rate of false positives and, therefore, the highest rate of misclassification. Across two studies, an average of 25% reported being bullied at least monthly in person compared with an average of 10% bullied online, 7% via telephone (cell or landline), and 8% via text messaging. Conclusions Measures of bullying among English-speaking individuals in the United States should include the word "bully" when possible. The definition may be a useful tool for researchers, but results suggest that it does not necessarily yield a more rigorous measure of bullying victimization. Directly measuring aspects of bullying (i.e., differential power, repetition, over time) reduces misclassification. To prevent double counting across domains, we suggest the following distinctions: mode (e.g., online, in-person), type (e.g., verbal, relational), and environment (e.g., school, home). We conceptualize cyberbullying as bullying communicated through the online mode.

Neurology (clinical), General Nursing, Rapid onset, Physical therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Palsy, Unilateral facial paralysis, Etiology, Quality of life, Pediatrics, business.industry, business, Bell's palsy, medicine.disease, Facial nerve, and stomatognathic diseases

Facial nerve palsies can have a dramatic effect on patients’ quality of life, leaving them permanently disfigured. Bell's palsy is thought to be the most common cause of acute unilateral facial paralysis. Its hallmark is its rapid onset, but the exact aetiology of Bell's palsy remains elusive, with some attributing it to viral, inflammatory or autoimmune causes and others to ischaemia. There is also some controversy as to the appropriate treatment. This article provides an overview of each of these areas, with a view to increasing awareness of this usually temprary but often distressing condition.

Applied Psychology, Cultural Studies, Cultural diversity, Gender studies, Acculturation, Somali, language.human_language, language, Sociology, Refugee, Humanities, Law enforcement, and Qualitative research

Somali women were interviewed regarding their children's adjustment. Qualitative analysis revealed 5 themes: cultural comparisons, concerns about children, parents' loss of disciplinary authority, available support, and the future. The women discussed changes in their children, such as loss of respect and threats to use law enforcement against parents. They also discussed their loss of parental authority and the lack of support from U.S. institutions. Implications for schools and mental health professionals are presented. Se entrevisto a mujeres Somalies con respecto a la adaptacion de sus hijos. Los analisis cualitativos revelaron 5 temas: comparaciones culturales, preocupaciones sobre los ninos, la perdida de autoridad disciplinaria de los padres, apoyo disponible y el futuro. Las mujeres hablaron sobre los cambios en sus hijos, como la perdida de respeto y las amenazas de usar las fuerzas del orden contra sus padres. Tambien hablaron de la perdida de su autoridad paterna y la falta de apoyo por parte de las instituciones de los Estados Unidos. Se presentan las implicaciones para escuelas y profesionales de la salud mental.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Boltzmann constant, symbols.namesake, symbols, Statistical mechanics, Equations of motion, Synchronicity, Musical composition, Literature, business.industry, business, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Evil spirit, Epistemology, and Central field

udwig Boltzmann (1844–1906) was one of the greatest scientists of his time. His work on statistical mechanics and the kinetic theory of gases helps explain and predict how the properties of atoms (such as charge and mass) determine the physical properties of gases (such as viscosity, diffusion and temperature). Ludwig Boltzmann was also an accomplished musician. Boltzmann, however, did not see these two interests (in science and music) as being independent of each other. In contrast, he often described a synchronicity between mathematics and music, seeing both as being involved in the creative act of identifying and manipulating underlying rhythms and patterns to create new ones. Moreover, Boltzmann perceived this process as being deeply personal, in how an individual’s creative voice was deeply connected to the final product. This of course is in sharp contrast to the prevailing view of science as being a coolly dispassionate methodology, disconnected from the personality of the scientist. Boltzmann’s viewpoint can be seen in how he described the experience of reading physicist James Clerk Maxwell’s work on the dynamical theory of gases. Note the manner in which Boltzmann connects his reading of mathematics to the experience of hearing a musical composition: The variations of the velocities are, at first, developed majestically: then from one side enter the equations of state: and from the other side, the equations of motion in a central field. Ever higher soars the chaos of formulae. Suddenly we hear, as from kettle drums, the four beats “Put N = 5.” The evil spirit V (relative velocity of molecules) vanishes: and, even as in music a hitherto dominating figure in the bass is suddenly silenced, that which had seemed insuperable has been overcome as if by a stroke of magic...One result after another follows in quick succession till at last, as the unexpected climax, we arrive at the conditions for thermal equilibrium together with the expressions for the transport coefficients. The curtain then falls! (Boltzmann quoted in Root-Bernstein, 1989, p. 334)

Neurology (clinical), General Nursing, Etiology, Spinal cord injury, medicine.disease, medicine, Pathophysiology, Spinal cord, medicine.anatomical_structure, Intensive care medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, business, Rehabilitation, medicine.medical_treatment, Acute care, Physical therapy, Spinal Cord Trauma, Traumatic spinal cord injury, and humanities

The history of spinal cord injury (SCI) dates back as far as the ancient Egyptians, who described it as an ‘ailment not to be treated’ ( Eltorai, 2003 ). For a long time, victims of SCI saw a bleak future confined to a wheelchair and a lifetime of comorbidities and poor survival rates ( McDonald and Sadowsky, 2002 ). It was not until after World War II that the outlook for such patients began to improve ( Eltorai, 2003 ). The development of an infrastructure for the emergency transportation of injured patients and advances in acute care and rehabilitation practices have dramatically reduced mortality and morbidity ( Talu et al. 2005 ). Therapies to enhance neurological function following SCI have been extensively investigated by the clinical and scientific community. Subsequently, significant insight has been generated into the pathology and pathophysiology of acute spinal cord trauma. It has been hypothesised that the primary mechanical injury to the spinal cord initiates a cascade of vascular, cellular and biochemical events that cause extension of the injury site. Current interventions for the acutely cord-injured patient attempt to minimise this secondary injury and protect the tissue that initially survived the mechanical injury ( Dumont et al, 2001 ; Kwon et al. 2004 ; Li and Yang, 2009 ).

Computer Science Applications, Education, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Psychology, The arts, Visual arts, and Educational technology

Computer Science Applications, Education, Knowledge management, business.industry, business, Multimedia, computer.software_genre, computer, Educational technology, Autodidacticism, Sociology, Architecture, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, and media_common

Computer Science Applications, Education, Round hole, Science and engineering, Educational technology, Discipline, Sociology, Openness to experience, Flexibility (personality), Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Engineering ethics, and Matrix (music)

Today’s challenges require new ways of thinking about STEM education that go beyond standard disciplinary learning, to include creativity, flexibility, and an openness to the new. One way to better understand this involves considering successful engineers and inventors to identify approaches that worked for them. We profile two innovators, Nikola Tesla and Steve Jobs, to better understand their thinking and creative processes. Their stories highlight the fact that creativity in these domains cannot happen without deep knowledge of key technical domains. That said, this knowledge, though necessary, is not sufficient to engender creativity. Creative solutions emerge from a wider matrix of imagination, abilities, skills, curiosities, and interests across disciplines. The science and engineering demands of our world require that learners need varied experiences that enable them to think richly and broadly, both within, outside of, and across the disciplines.

Artificial Intelligence, Computer Networks and Communications, Human-Computer Interaction, Information Systems, Software, Information sharing, Social science, Sociology, Context (language use), Poverty, Scholarship, Internet studies, Internet privacy, business.industry, business, Information behavior, Negotiation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Privilege (social inequality)

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately affect not only access to, but also use of information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate the information practices of a subcultural community whose activities are both stigmatized and of uncertain legal status: the extreme body modification community. We use the construct of information poverty to analyze the experiences of 18 people who had obtained, were interested in obtaining, or had performed extreme body modification procedures. With a holistic understanding of how members of this community use information, we complicate information poverty by working through concepts of stigma and community norms. Our research contributes to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups and to Internet studies research on how communities negotiate collective norms of information sharing online.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Engineering, business.industry, business, Media studies, State (polity), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Clinical neuropsychology, Computational geophysics, Educational technology, and Engineering ethics

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Teacher education, Pedagogy, Teaching method, Situated learning, Educational technology, Synchronous learning, Technology integration, Blended learning, Online community, and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

In this article we describe the evolution of an elective course designed specifically for undergraduate students in our pre-service teacher education program. This course is intended to prepare these undergraduate students as future teachers—helping them to make effective and creative uses of technology in learning settings. This course emphasizes learning to learn with and about technology, in the ever-changing context of educational technology. Generally speaking, we outline and describe three key goals of teaching young teachers to thoughtfully integrate technology into a real-world classroom. First, the course emphasizes learning to explore and learn proactively by engaging in learning by design activities. Second, students are given an opportunity to try a wide variety of innovative technologies through explorations of their own choosing. Finally, we attempt to leverage the power of online community building for learning by harnessing the ubiquity and convenience of tools like Facebook. We look into the future with great hope and enthusiasm that our preservice teachers will lead the way in integrating new technologies into their teaching in ways that will benefit their students, colleagues, and the greater education community.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Psychology, Educational psychology, Education theory, Learning theory, Curriculum, Mathematics education, Teacher leadership, Educational technology, Instructional design, Pedagogy, Educational research, and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

This article describes the design and implementation of the year 2 curriculum and student learning experiences in the Michigan State University Master of Arts in Educational Technology program. We discuss the ways that this second set of courses builds on the first year of the program that students encounter, and also describe the theoretical impetus and design-based implications for learning how to teach with technology in effective and creative ways. Students in this group usually come in with some prior knowledge of educational theory, as well as some experience of working with classroom technologies. We intentionally build upon this prior knowledge, to take it to the next level of a more sophisticated TPACK-oriented understanding of learning in technology-driven contexts. Our year 2 courses move classical educational psychology theories of learning, along with educational research issues, squarely into the modern context of educational technology and teacher leadership. Our curriculum design focuses centrally on making meaningful experiences for teachers around technology, and helping them develop the knowledge and skills to create such experiences for their students. Our goal is to develop teachers who see themselves as flexible designers of learning experiences through the creative re-purposing of existing technologies.

General Physics and Astronomy, Experimental data, Computational physics, Physics, Inelastic scattering, Set (abstract data type), Elastic scattering, Angular distribution, and Atomic physics

The diffractive aspects of angular distribution have been investigated by analyzing the experimental data for a set of elastic scattering processes of 6Li by different target nuclei at different laboratory energies. The analysis of experimental data of angular distribution for elastic scattering process is performed using both Frahn–Venter and McIntyre models. The theoretical models can reasonably reproduce the general pattern of the data, thus allowing us to extract geometrical parameters from elastic scattering processes. It is found that interpretation of the diffraction features of the data is model-independent. The values of extracted parameters, from both models, are found to be comparable to each other and to those of others. The correlation between the total reaction cross section and the incident laboratory energy for each scattering is discernible and values of total reaction cross section are found to be comparable with those of others.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Social science, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Sociology, Educational technology, and Engineering ethics

Neurology (clinical), General Nursing, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Acute management, Nursing management, business.industry, business, Traumatic spinal cord injury, Acute care, Breathing, Intensive care medicine, Spinal cord, medicine.anatomical_structure, Spinal cord injury, medicine.disease, and Cord

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious and debilitating condition that affects both patients and their families. Initial management focuses on the ‘ABCs’ of trauma care—airway, breathing and circulation. Although these are aimed at supporting the life of a patient, with regard to trauma of the spinal cord the ABCs sustain the microcirculation of the cord in an attempt to reduce cell death. In addition to these critical procedures, acute management of traumatic SCI involves the appropriate selection of medical and surgical interventions for the patient, with the aim of enhancing eventual recovery.

Neurology (clinical), General Nursing, Functional skills, Primary care, Rehabilitation, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Ambulatory, Traumatic spinal cord injury, Physical therapy, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, business, Care setting, Spasticity, medicine.symptom, Spinal cord injury, and medicine.disease

Rehabilitation for people with spinal cord injuries (SCI) is a lifelong process that starts in the critical care setting and continues into primary care, with the aim of restoring an individual's functional skills and enabling them to regain self-sufficiency and independence. While the injury in itself is life-changing, the major factors affecting morbidity and mortality in the long term are related to complications of the SCI. Previous articles in this series have discussed the occurrence of acute complications and their immediate management, including haemodynamic and respiratory issues. These may become chronic and patients will often have to be readmitted for care. Early management aims to prevent issues arising further along the rehabilitative process; nevertheless, SCI patients are prone to pressure ulcers and neuromusculoskeletal disorders as ambulatory patients. Prevention should be the mainstay of care, and nurses have a pivotal role in this.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Social science, Visual arts, Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Psychology, and Educational technology

Conversation between characters, Liz Lemon & Jack Donaghy in the television show 30 Rock. – Marty Rubin

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Pedagogy, Psychology, and Conversation

Oncology, Hematology, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, business.industry, and business

Life-span and Life-course Studies, General Social Sciences, Sociology and Political Science, Heteronormativity, Social media, Interpersonal communication, Psychology, Ethnography, Emic and etic, Gender studies, Aggression, medicine.symptom, medicine, Drama, and Performative utterance

Contemporary youth conflict often plays out through social media like Facebook and Twitter. ‘Drama’ is an emergent concept describing performative, interpersonal conflict that takes place in front of an active, engaged audience, often on social media. Using ethnographic data, this paper examines how American teenagers conceptualize the term drama; the relationship between drama and social media; and the implications drama has for understanding contemporary teenage conflict. The emic use of drama distances teens from practices conceptualized by adults as bullying or relational aggression, while acknowledging the role of the audience in social media interactions. Drama also serves to reinforce the conventional gendered norms of high school, perpetrating the systemic undervaluing of feminine subjects and re-inscribing heteronormativity. Understanding how drama operates helps illuminate how widespread use of social media among teenagers has altered dynamics of aggression and conflict.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Perception, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitive psychology, Music psychology, Creativity, Cognitive science, The arts, Process (engineering), Habit, Politics, Psychology, and Educational technology

The first cognitive tool of perception is critical to all disciplines, spanning the arts and the sciences, language and politics, psychology and music, and more. We see it as a two-layered process, requiring both observing and imaging.

Sociology and Political Science, Communication, Information privacy, Context (language use), Affordance, Social media, Individualism, Control (management), Negotiation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Information control, Sociology, Internet privacy, business.industry, and business

While much attention is given to young people’s online privacy practices on sites like Facebook, current theories of privacy fail to account for the ways in which social media alter practices of information-sharing and visibility. Traditional models of privacy are individualistic, but the realities of privacy reflect the location of individuals in contexts and networks. The affordances of social technologies, which enable people to share information about others, further preclude individual control over privacy. Despite this, social media technologies primarily follow technical models of privacy that presume individual information control. We argue that the dynamics of sites like Facebook have forced teens to alter their conceptions of privacy to account for the networked nature of social media. Drawing on their practices and experiences, we offer a model of networked privacy to explain how privacy is achieved in networked publics.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Interview, Cognitive science, Educational technology, Developmental psychology, Habit, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Psychology, Thinking skills, and Creativity

Temple Grandin is an engineer, a doctor of animal science, and a professor at Colorado State University. She has achieved all this even while having been diagnosed as autistic when she was two years old. In her recent book The Autistic Brain: Thinking Across the Spectrum, she discusses her efforts to understand how humans develop and use different ways of thinking through interviewing autistic individuals in different fields and disciplines. Through this she has identified three different ways people organize, process, remember and use new information: thinking in words, thinking in pictures, and thinking in patterns or structures.

Social Sciences (miscellaneous), Gender Studies, Nexus (standard), Sociology, The Internet, business.industry, business, Facilitator, Sex trafficking, Public relations, Operationalization, Governmentality, Public policy, and Human sexuality

Within some public policy and scholarly accounts, human trafficking is increasingly understood as a technological problem that invites collaborative anti-trafficking solutions. A growing cohort of state, non-governmental, and corporate actors in the United States have come together around the shared contention that technology functions as both a facilitator and disrupting force of trafficking, specifically sex trafficking. Despite increased attention to the trafficking-technology nexus, scant research to date has critically unpacked these shifts nor mapped how technology reconfigures anti-trafficking collaborations. In this article, we propose that widespread anxieties and overzealous optimism about technology’s role in facilitating and disrupting trafficking have simultaneously promoted a tri-part anti-trafficking response, one animated by a law and order agenda, operationalized through augmented internet, mobile, and networked surveillance, and maintained through the integration of technology experts and advocates into organized anti-trafficking efforts. We suggest that an examination of technology has purchase for students of gender, sexuality, and neoliberal governmentality in its creation of new methods of surveillance, exclusion, and expertise.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Trans disciplinary, Pedagogy, Educational technology, Habit, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Sociology

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Trans disciplinary, Educational technology, Pedagogy, and Formative assessment

Computer Science Applications, Education, Trans disciplinary, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Work (electrical), Formative assessment, Pedagogy, Educational technology, Psychology, and Embodied cognition

We have argued previously for seven “tools for thinking” that underlie transdisciplinary thinking and creativity (Mishra, Koehler, & Henriksen, 2011). Inspired in part by Root-Bernstein & Root-Bernstein’s (1999) work in this area, we argue that these skills encapsulate the ways in which creative people think. These seven skills are: Perceiving, Patterning, Abstracting, Embodied Thinking, Modeling, Play, and Synthesizing. Our last article (Henriksen, Terry, & Mishra, in press) was on the skill of Modeling, while this article focuses on Play.

Computer Networks and Communications, Human-Computer Interaction, Education, Information Systems, Research data, The arts, Service (systems architecture), Interoperability, Political science, Best practice, Implementation, and Humanities

DARIAH Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities aims to support digitally-enabled research across the arts and humanities. The activities and service portfolios are centered around communities to enable transnational, interdisciplinary research. One of the most important goals of DARIAH is the sustainable research data management. Although widely-acknowledged standards and best practices are utilized for essential long-term storage components, offering an interoperable technological solution is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tools and data. In this article, we analyze these problems, discuss a general concept for long-term storage in DARIAH, and present two implementations of the corresponding preservation services.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Educational technology, Sociology, Creative synthesis, Soundscape, and Visual arts

Computer Science Applications, Education, Social science, Center (algebra and category theory), Empathy, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creativity, Customer service, Psychology, Perspective-taking, and Educational technology

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Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Case-control study, Psychogenic disease, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Anesthesia, Cohort study, Cohort, Psychology, Depression (differential diagnoses), and Semiology

Objective We sought to examine the clinical and electrographic differences between patients with combined epileptic (ES) and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) and age- and gender-matched patients with ES-only and PNES-only. Methods Data from 138 patients (105 women [77%]), including 46 with PNES/ES (39 ± 12 years), 46 with PNES-only (39 ± 11 years), and 46 with ES-only (39 ± 11 years), were compared using logistic regression analysis after adjusting for clustering effect. Results In the cohort with PNES/ES, ES antedated PNES in 28 patients (70%) and occurred simultaneously in 11 (27.5%), while PNES were the initial presentation in only 1 case (2.5%); disease duration was undetermined in 6. Compared with those with ES-only, patients with PNES/ES had higher depression and anxiety scores, shorter-duration electrographic seizures, less ES absence/staring semiology (all p ≤ 0.01), and more ES arising in the right hemisphere, both in isolation and in combination with contralateral brain regions (61% vs. 41%; p = 0.024, adjusted for anxiety and depression) and tended to have less ES arising in the left temporal lobe (13% vs. 28%; p = 0.054). Compared with those with PNES-only, patients with PNES/ES tended to show fewer right-hemibody PNES events (7% vs. 23%; p = 0.054) and more myoclonic semiology (10% vs. 2%; p = 0.073). Conclusions Right-hemispheric electrographic seizures may be more common among patients with ES who develop comorbid PNES, in agreement with prior neurobiological studies on functional neurological disorders.

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Waste heat, Inorganic chemistry, Cobalt, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry, Electrode potential, Chemical engineering, Redox, Electrolyte, Ionic liquid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Propylene carbonate, and Temperature gradient

Increasing the application of technologies for harvesting waste heat could make a significant contribution to sustainable energy production. Thermoelectrochemical cells are one such emerging technology, where the thermal response of a redox couple in an electrolyte is used to generate a potential difference across a cell when a temperature gradient exists. The unique physical properties of ionic liquids make them ideal for application as electrolytes in these devices. One of the keys to utilizing these media in efficient thermoelectrochemical cells is achieving high Seebeck coefficients, Se: the thermodynamic quantity that determines the magnitude of the voltage achieved per unit temperature difference. Here, we report the Se and cell performance of a cobalt-based redox couple in a range of different ionic liquids, to investigate the influence of the nature of the IL on the thermodynamics and cell performance of the redox system. The results reported include the highest Se to-date for an IL-based electrolyte. The effect of diluting the different ILs with propylene carbonate is also reported, which results in a significant increase in the output powers and current densities of the device.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Fields Medal, Educational technology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mathematics education, and Psychology

Computer Science Applications, Education, Crowdsourcing, business.industry, business, Gatekeeping, Sociology, World Wide Web, Frame (artificial intelligence), The Internet, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Creative work, Field (Bourdieu), and Educational technology

Twenty-first century technologies have begun to reshape the sharing of idea, art, culture, and other forms of content through approaches such as internet crowdsourcing of data or ideas, applications for creating and sharing video, audio, images, and text across contexts, and new avenues devoted to sharing this content. We argue that new technological platforms allow creators to bypass traditional gatekeeping processes, providing the opportunity to not only showcase creative skills but also redefine a field’s classification of what is “creative” work. We frame our discussion within Csikszentmihalyi’s systems view of creativity, and how these new technological ways of creating and sharing may require us to rethink this model. We suggest that such a rethinking of the systems view of creativity can have significant implications for the use of digital technologies in education.

Education, General Medicine, Test (assessment), Pedagogy, Undergraduate research, Curriculum, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Medical psychology, business.industry, business, Likert scale, Alternative medicine, Cross-sectional study, and Response rate (survey)

Background: The importance of undergraduate research (UR) to students is well acknowledged in literature; however, little is known about its perceived barriers. The aim of study is to explore the perceived barriers toward participation in UR activities among students at Alfaisal University—College of Medicine, Saudi Arabia.Methods: An online, anonymous, cross-sectional, self-rating survey was administered. A two-tailed Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare the average five-point Likert scale responses between male and female students.Results: Two-hundred and twenty-one students (n = 221/350) participated in the survey with a 63.1% response rate. The percentage of participation in UR significantly differed by gender (males vs. females: 68.6% vs. 45.4%; p

Civil and Structural Engineering, Cylinder (engine), law.invention, law, Materials science, Brittleness, Composite material, Ultimate tensile strength, Compressive strength, Fibre content, Reinforced concrete, and Cement

In this paper the behaviour of the normal concrete and concrete with different types of fibre (steel, macro-polypropylene and micro-polypropylene fibres) have been studied; in terms of the compressive strength, split tensile strength, density, and the workability for concrete grade 30 without admixture. Varied fibre content to determine the optimum strength with 1%, 2%, and 4% by the volume of cement, cubes specimens of size 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm to test the compressive strength were cured for the period of 7, 14 and 28 days before crushing, and cylinder specimens with 100 mm diameter and 200 mm length were cured for 28 days before breaking. The results show that there are some limitations of adding fibres to the mix; however the use of fibres has shown a significant change on the behaviour of the concrete without admixture. In total, 66 specimens including the normal concrete were cast and tested in comparison. The test also results show that the use of steel, macro-fibre, and micro-polypropylene change the failure types to ductile failures, thus overcoming the brittleness problem of the concrete, and improves the split tensile strength.

Urban Studies, Safety Research, Computer security, computer.software_genre, computer, Police accountability, Facial recognition system, People of color, Conflation, Sound recording and reproduction, Misconduct, Phone, Computer science, Accountability, and ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION

Even prior to the widespread adoption of police-worn body cameras, video has played a role in illuminating evidence of policing misconduct and fatal shootings, including bystanders’ cell phone cameras, dashboard-mounted cameras, and CCTV surveillance. But among these recording devices, it is body-worn cameras that have garnered national attention as instruments that would facilitate accountability and improve police-community relations as a whole. Proponents claim that body-worn cameras combine features that previous forms of video recording only possessed piece-meal: a high level of mobility, chain-of-custody, and the capacity to capture audio-visual data continuously. Unlike cell phone-produced footage, which relies on the presence of a bystander willing to record the scene of an incident, body-worn cameras would eliminate the need for fortuitous happenstance by recording continuously and approximating the field of view of police officers on the ground in day-to-day activities. But it is this same feature of constant surveillance that has sparked concerns from civil rights groups about how body-worn cameras may violate privacy. The intimacy of body-worn cameras’ presence—which potentially enables the recording of even mundane interpersonal interactions with citizens—can be exploited with the application of technologies like facial recognition; this can exacerbate existing practices that have historically victimized people of color and vulnerable populations. Not only do such technologies increase surveillance, but they also conflate the act of surveilling citizens with the mechanisms by which police conduct is evaluated. Although police accountability is the goal, the camera’s view is pointed outward and away from its wearer, and audio recording captures any sounds within range. As a result, it becomes increasingly difficult to ask whether one can demand greater accountability without increased surveillance at the same time.

Ophthalmology, General Medicine, Differential diagnosis, Arteritis, medicine.disease, medicine, Temporal artery, Giant cell arteritis, Biopsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Granulomatosis with polyangiitis, Temporal artery biopsy, business.industry, business, and Eosinophilic

Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Microbiology, Toxoplasma gondii, biology.organism_classification, biology, Chronic infection, Reprogramming, Central nervous system, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Virology, Induced pluripotent stem cell, NeuN, biology.protein, Cord blood, Population, education.field_of_study, education, nervous system, and parasitic diseases

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous protozoan parasite with approximately one-third of the worlds' population chronically infected. In chronically infected individuals, the parasite resides primarily in cysts within neurons in the central nervous system. The chronic infection in immunocompetent individuals has been considered to be asymptomatic but increasing evidence indicates the chronic infection can lead to neuropsychiatric disorders such as Schizophrenia, prenatal depression and suicidal thoughts. A better understanding of the mechanism(s) by which the parasite exerts effects on human behavior is limited due to lack of suitable human neuronal models. In this paper, we report the use of human neurons derived from normal cord blood CD34+ cells generated via genetic reprogramming, as an in vitro model for the study T. gondii in neurons. This culture method resulted in a relatively pure monolayer of induced human neuronal-like cells that stained positive for neuronal markers, MAP2, NFL, NFH and NeuN. These induced human neuronal-like cells (iHNs) were efficiently infected by the Prugniad strain of the parasite and supported replication of the tachyzoite stage and development of the cyst stage. Infected iHNs could be maintained through 5 days of infection, allowing for formation of large cysts. This induced human neuronal model represents a novel culture method to study both tachyzoite and bradyzoite stages of T. gondii in human neurons.

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, General Medicine, Physical Stimulation, Critically ill, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, Stimulation, business.industry, business, Magnetic resonance imaging, medicine.diagnostic_test, Brain waves, Electroencephalography, and Neurointensive care

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Medicine, business.industry, business, Carotid-Cavernous Sinus Fistula, Surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, and Radiology

Education, Discipline, Function (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitively Guided Instruction, Pedagogy, Creativity, Mathematics education, Set (psychology), Skills management, Qualitative research, Psychology, Exploratory research, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, and ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS

Although discussions of thinking skills often revolve around students and learners, it is equally important to consider habits of mind and thinking skills for successful and creative teachers. Teachers are primary mediators of thinking and learning for their students, and understanding how excellent teachers function and use thinking skills is an important, albeit often underserved, area of research. Amid the expansion of research and discussion around thinking skills in general, one approach that has garnered interest in recent years is the idea of “transdisciplinary” thinking—which entails effective approaches to thinking and working, that cut across disciplinary boundaries. Existing research has shown that the most successful creative thinkers in the sciences tend to use a set of meta-level cognitive “transdisciplinary” skills. While others have suggested this transdisciplinary skill set as a framework for teaching, it has not yet been formally studied with regard to teachers, particularly those deemed as “effective” or “creative”. This article discusses a qualitative study that investigated the use of seven transdisciplinary thinking skills among highly accomplished and nationally award winning teachers. National teacher of the year award winners and finalists were interviewed with regard to their use of transdisciplinary thinking skills in their teaching beliefs and practices. Results exemplify how such skills are used by such effective, creative teachers in a diverse range of ways, with broader implications for future study and practice.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Psychology, Ideation, Psychoanalysis, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Educational technology

Neurology (clinical), Neurology, Young adult, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Electroencephalography, medicine.diagnostic_test, Psychiatry, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, business.industry, business, Lennox–Gastaut syndrome, Parkinsonian gait, medicine.symptom, Early onset, Phenotype, Dravet syndrome, and genetic structures

Distinguishing adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome from those with Dravet syndrome is challenging. We have previously reported that patients with Dravet syndrome present a very peculiar motor phenotype. Here we sought to confirm that this association was not linked to the chronic use of antiepileptic drugs or the many lifetime seizures. To this aim, we studied 14 adult patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and 14 adults with Dravet syndrome because both conditions share similar seizure severity. We found that antecollis and parkinsonian gait were significantly more common in the Dravet group, thus suggesting that these features are part of the Dravet syndrome adult phenotype.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Flow (mathematics), Linguistics, Meaning (existential), Conversation, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Cognitive science, Psychology, and Educational technology

General Energy, Pollution, Mechanical Engineering, Building and Construction, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Civil and Structural Engineering, Wind power, business.industry, business, Efficient energy use, Environmental economics, Oil shale, Renewable energy, Energy mix, Energy engineering, Energy security, Economics, Electricity generation, and Waste management

In this study Jordan's energy options were evaluated and ranked with respect to several criteria clusters including financial, technical, environmental, ecological, social, and risk assessment. The Analytical Hierarchy Process; a multi-criteria decision-making analysis, was selected to evaluate the electricity generation options for Jordan. Energy options covered in the analysis include both conventional and renewable sources. Conventional sources evaluated include Oil and Natural Gas. Renewable sources covered wind, biomass, Photovoltaic and concentrated solar systems. The study also investigated generation from nuclear energy and direct combustion of oil shale as well as demand side savings from energy efficiency measures as a resource. Results indicate that to date; conventional fuels remain Jordan's most feasible options from a technical and financial perspective. Nonetheless diversification is essential to promoting energy security as well as environmental welfare. Results indicate that Jordan's best diversification options are nuclear, oil shale, biomass, and wind energy.

Moisture distribution, Geotechnical engineering, Partially saturated, Materials science, Tomography, Electrical measurements, Absorption (acoustics), and Electrical resistance and conductance

This paper investigates the feasibility of imaging the movement of water into partially saturated concrete using electrical resistance tomography (ERT). With this technique, the spatial distribution of electrical resistance within the concrete sample was acquired from 4-point electrical measurements obtained on its surface. As the ingress of water influences the electrical properties of the concrete, it is shown that ERT can assist in monitoring and visualising water movement within concrete. To this end, the difference-imaging technique was used to obtain a qualitative representation of moisture distribution within concrete during the initial 20-h absorption. It is shown that the technique also enables the influence of surface damage to be studied.

Neurology (clinical), Epidemiology, Medicine, business.industry, business, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, University hospital, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Etiology, Medical record, Epilepsy, medicine.disease, International league against epilepsy, and Mean age

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of medically resistant epilepsy (MRE) in our hospital and to compare the prevalence with that in other populations. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients who visited the epilepsy clinics at King Fahd University Hospital, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia between January 2017 and December 2018. This study included patients aged ≥14 years who had at least 2 unprovoked seizures 24 h apart. Patients who had provoked seizure(s), paroxysmal events, or syncope or had incomplete medical records were excluded. The definition and classification of the International League Against Epilepsy were used. Moreover, we searched the En­glish literature using PubMed and Google Scholar to compare the prevalence of MRE between our population and other populations. Results: In total, 1,151 patients were screened, and 751 patients were included in the final analysis. Of the 751 patients, 229 (male: 56.3%, female: 43.7%; mean age: 32.07 years, and standard deviation, 12.2 years) had MRE, with a cumulative prevalence of 30%. The etiology was as follows: unknown, 63.3% (n = 145); structural, 31.9% (n = 73); genetic, 3.1% (n = 7); and infectious, 1.7% (n = 4). None of the patients had metabolic or immune-related etiologies. Conclusion: The prevalence of MRE in our population (30%) is close to that in other populations (30–36.5%). Early identification of such patients is crucial to improve their management.

Information Systems and Management, Computer Science Applications, Information Systems, Technical communication, Big data, business.industry, business, Politics, Science education, Public relations, Political science, Trade offs, Outline of social science, and Social science education

Computer Science Applications, Education, Educational technology, Sociology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Public relations, business.industry, and business

Organic Chemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmacology, General Medicine, Bcl-2-associated X protein, biology.protein, biology, Chemistry, Programmed cell death, Cancer cell, Cancer research, Cisplatin, medicine.drug, medicine, Stereochemistry, Flow cytometry, medicine.diagnostic_test, Cancer, medicine.disease, Cell growth, and Apoptosis

Both quinacrine, which contains a 9-aminoacridine scaffold, and thiazolidin-4-one are promising anticancer leads. In an attempt to develop effective and potentially safe anticancer agents, we synthesized 23 novel hybrid compounds by linking the main structural unit of the 9-aminoacridine ring with the thiazolidin-4-one ring system, followed by examination of their anticancer effects against three human breast tumor cell lines and matching non-cancer cells. Most of the hybrid compounds showed good activities, and many of them possessed the preferential killing property against cancer over non-cancer cells. In particular, 3-[3-(6-chloro-2-methoxy-acridin-9-ylamino)-propyl]-2-(2,6-difluoro-phenyl)-thiazolidin-4-one (11; VR118) effectively killed/inhibited proliferation of cancer cells at IC50 values in the range of 1.2-2.4 μM. Furthermore, unlike quinacrine or cisplatin, compound 11 showed strong selectivity for cancer cell killing, as it could kill cancer cells 7.6-fold (MDA-MB231 vs MCF10A) to 14.7-fold (MCF7 vs MCF10A) more effectively than matching non-cancer cells. Data from flow cytometry, TUNEL and Western blot assays showed that compound 11 kills cancer cells by apoptosis through the down-regulation of Bcl-2 (but not Bcl-XL) survival protein and up-regulation of Bad and Bax pro-apoptotic proteins. Thus, compound 11 is a highly promising lead for an effective and potentially anticancer therapy.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Courage, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Psychology, Management, and Educational technology

Physiology (medical), Pharmacology, General Medicine, Physiology, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Cardiac fibrosis, medicine.disease, Exacerbation, Cardiology, Disease, Myocardial infarction, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Diabetes mellitus, business.industry, business, Fibrosis, and Ventricular remodeling

Cardiac fibrosis is a significant global health problem that is closely associated with multiple forms of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and diabetes. Fibrosis increases myocardial wall stiffness due to excessive extracellular matrix deposition, causing impaired systolic and diastolic function, and facilitating arrhythmogenesis. As a result, patient morbidity and mortality are often dramatically elevated compared with those with cardiovascular disease but without overt fibrosis, demonstrating that fibrosis itself is both a pathologic response to existing disease and a significant risk factor for exacerbation of the underlying condition. The lack of any specific treatment for cardiac fibrosis in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease is a critical gap in our ability to care for these individuals. Here we provide an overview of the development of cardiac fibrosis, and discuss new research directions that have recently emerged and that may lead to the creation of novel treatments for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Such treatments would, ideally, complement existing therapy by specifically focusing on amelioration of fibrosis.

Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Predictive value of tests, Odds ratio, Renal function, Medicine, business.industry, business, Risk factor, Urinary system, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Population study, Cohort study, Stroke, medicine.disease, and Brief Communication

Objective To explore if renal dysfunction in terms of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can be considered a risk factor for stroke outcomes. Methods The study population consisted of adults diagnosed with acute stroke admitted to the King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between 2012 and 2015. Data was collected by chart review. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation was used to estimate GFR. Patients were classified into 2 eGFR categories: eGFR more than 60 (normal) and eGFR less than or equal 60 (low). Results A total of 727 patients were studied of whom 596 (82%) had normal eGFR and 131 (18%) had low eGFR. There were more males (68.5%). Ischemic strokes were more prevalent (87.2%). Urinary tract infections were more likely to occur in the low eGFR group (OR=2.047, 95% CI=1.024 - 4.093). They were also significantly more likely to die during admission (OR=3.772, 95% CI=1.609-8.844). There was a statistically significant degree of disability reflected by higher mRS (p=0.010) as well as higher post-stroke National Institute of Health Stroke Score scores in the low eGFR group (p=0.011). Conclusion Estimated glomerular filtration rate is a possible predictor of stroke severity, disability and mortality.

Education, Structure (mathematical logic), Design thinking, Qualitative research, Professional practice, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Mathematics education, Classroom climate, Psychology, Cognitively Guided Instruction, Face (sociological concept), and ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION

The problems educators face in professional practice are complex, varied, and difficult to address. These issues range across teaching and learning topics, to social or community issues, classroom climate issues and countless others. Such problems are multifaceted, cross-disciplinary, human-centered, and rarely solved through simple or linear solutions. Grappling with them requires educators to think creatively about educational problems of practice. But given the challenges and expectations facing teachers, creativity is often seen as leisure in teaching practice. While creativity is considered a core 21st century thinking skill, many people are hesitant to self-identify as “creative,” or are uncomfortable with intellectual risk-taking and open-endedness. We suggest that design thinking may provide an accessible structure for teachers and teacher educators to think creatively in dealing with educational problems of practice. We examine a qualitative study of a graduate teaching course framed around using design thinking to creatively approach educational problems of practice. We discuss thematic takeaways that teachers experienced in learning about and using design thinking skills to approach educational problems of practice. Implications suggest that design thinking skills may provide habits of mind that benefit teachers in creative problem navigating.

Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, General Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Catalysis, Ion, Electrochemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Imide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Lithium, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrolyte, Materials science, Conductivity, Salt (chemistry), chemistry.chemical_classification, and Ionic liquid

Contrary to the accepted wisdom that avoids cation symmetry for the sake of optimum electrolyte properties, we reveal outstanding behaviour for the diethylpyrrolidinium cation ([C2epyr]), in combination with the bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI) anion and Li[FSI]. The equimolar [C2epyr][Li][FSI]2 is a liquid with high conductivity, high Li transference number and >90% lithium metal cycling efficiency. The high level of performance for these electrolytes invites consideration of a new class of electrolytes for lithium batteries.

Original Article

Objectives: To assess the burden and describe the pattern of neurological disorders requiring admissions in a teaching hospital of Al Khobar. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross sectional study, carried out in the Neurology Department of King Fahd Hospital of the University from January 2009 to December 2016. Neurological disorders were grouped as ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage, transient ischemic attack, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, seizure disorders, central nervous system infection, multiple sclerosis, neuropathies, myopathies, headache, dementia and miscellaneous group. Data was entered and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The records of 1,317 patients admitted under Neurology Service were analyzed. Out of that, 740 (56.2%) were male and 577 (43.8%) were female. Mean age was 46.9±24 years (mean±standard deviation). Ischemic stroke was the most common diagnosis (32%) followed by seizures (20%). Multiple sclerosis accounted for around 8% and central nervous system infections 5% of neurological admission. Conclusion: Ischemic stroke was found to be the most common etiology for hospitalization in our study. The results of our study are similar to previous literature. An urgent need to control major risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension is warranted to minimize the burden of stroke.

Review Article

In the context of local culture and misconceptions regarding epilepsy, Saudi practitioners need a careful management plan for women with epilepsy that satisfies all the patients’ needs and ensures their spouses’ understanding. Such a management strategy needs to incorporate careful selection and monitoring of anti-epileptic drugs and regular counseling of patients. Female epileptic patients in the reproductive age group, no matter whether they are pregnant or not, should be managed by safest drugs from the earliest with folic acid supplementation along with adequate pre-marriage/conception counseling. All antiepileptic drugs are potentially teratogenic. However, valproic acid, phenytoin, phenobarbitone, and topiramate are least favored for use. Monotherapy is preferred over polytherapy, and the least possible dose should be used. During pregnancy, many epileptic women may need monthly drug level monitoring and dose readjustments. Normal vaginal delivery is safe in epileptic women. Post-partum follow-up with anti-epileptic drug titration may be required.

Cancer, medicine.disease, medicine, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Female patient, Worry, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, business.industry, business, Reproductive age, Pregnancy, Radiation exposure, Receptionists, and business.job_title

Background: Radio-diagnostics has become widespread nowadays for identification of diseases, however, a lot of patients, especially females of reproductive age lack awareness of risk factors involved with ionizing radiations. This study aimed to assess the awareness regarding the risk of radiation exposure to female patients and evaluation of the medical staffs' efforts to exclude pregnancy prior to sending patients for radiology examination. Methods: Three-part questionnaires were used for evaluation of reproductive aged female patients who were undergoing investigations with ionizing radiations in January 2017 at Radiology Department in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Results: 43.7%, 65.3%, and 89.6% of physicians, radiologists and receptionists respectively, ask about pregnancy while only a few of them asked about possibility of pregnancy and the first day in last menstrual cycle of the patient. Overall, 91 % and 75.2% of patients estimated the risk of cancer from chest radiography and CT respectively; being very small. However, 76.6% of patients correctly thought that CT gave more amounts of radiation than X-rays and 61.3% of patients agreed that it is more important for their physician to diagnose their condition with CT than to worry about the radiation exposure. Conclusion: These data suggests that females have incomplete understanding about risks associate with radiations, in addition to which most of clinical practitioners also do not ask about the possibility of pregnancy which puts patients at a greater risk.

Positive attitude, Fear of needles, medicine.disease, medicine, Descriptive research, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Healthy subjects, Blood supply, business.industry, business, Healthy individuals, and Blood donor

Background and Aims: Blood donation (BD) is described as altruistic behavior and one of the life-saving practices. The deficit of blood supply from BD has become a global concern. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and motivation play a key role in BD. This study is aimed to determine the factors that hinder the healthy individuals who have not donated blood yet from BD, by exploring the demographic and other variables among the citizens of Jeddah city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at Faculty of Medicine, King Abdul-Aziz University (KAU), Jeddah, KSA, between June 01, 2016 to June 30, 2016. The study included 327 participants who were selected by convenient random sampling in the Jeddah City. The data was collected by using the online distribution of the previously validated questionnaire. Results: Half of the participants (51.1%) have good knowledge about BD. More than two-thirds of participants showed a positive attitude towards BD. Majority of participants (87.7%) claimed that they will donate blood if the recipient is a friend or relative. The most chosen reasons for not donating blood among participants were BD did not cross their minds (23.9%), no time for BD (17.1%) and fear of needles (13.8%). Mobile blood campaign (84.4%) and one day off (83.2%) were important motivating factors for most of the participants. Almost half of the participants (52.29%) mentioned that BD should be non-remunerable, 26.61% agreed that remuneration is a motive and 21.10% believe that any form of gift is acceptable as a motivating factor for BD. Conclusion: Although most of the participants have good knowledge and positive attitude towards BD, still numerous potential and eligible donors evade BD. More awareness and motivational programmes are required to bring more individuals to the pool of regular donors.

Cell Biology, Molecular Biology, Biochemistry, Vitamin E, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine, Pharmacology, Metformin, medicine.drug, business.industry, business, Antioxidant, NF-κB, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Oxidative stress, medicine.disease_cause, Combination therapy, Cardioprotection, Myocardial infarction, medicine.disease, endocrine system diseases, and nutritional and metabolic diseases

Several studies have reported that metformin is cardioprotective for diabetic and non-diabetic ischemic hearts through mechanisms that cannot be entirely attributed to its anti-hyperglycemic effect. This study was designed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of metformin with and without vitamin E after induction myocardial infarction (MI) in rats, using isoproterenol. Administration of metformin or vitamin E significantly reduced the cardiac mass index (P < 0.01), ameliorated the changes to cardiac biomarkers, and attenuated oxidative stress levels compared to the isoproterenol group. Interestingly, combination therapy showed a slight synergistic effect. Histopathological analysis suggested that metformin treatment reduced NF-κB expression and protected against isoproterenol-induced MI. Our results indicate that metformin mediates a cardioprotective effect against isoproterenol-induced MI via antioxidant activity and modulation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. This suggests that metformin would be beneficial in MI treatment.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Medical education, Psychology, and Educational technology

Ophthalmology, General Medicine, Biopsy, medicine.diagnostic_test, medicine, Clinical significance, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Arteritis, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Thrombocytosis, Odds ratio, Pathology, Giant cell arteritis, Cohort study, business.industry, business, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and skin and connective tissue diseases

Objective Temporal artery biopsy (TAB) is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) when positive. However, the clinical significance of healed/healing (HH) arterial injury on TAB is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of this finding on TAB by determining its association with seromarkers typically predictive of GCA. Design Single-centre, retrospective, investigational cohort study. Participants A total of 385 consecutive TABs for clinical suspicion of GCA between January 2009 and January 2016. Methods Elevations in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and platelet count were compared between patients with negative TAB, GCA-positive TAB, and HH arterial injury using statistical trend testing. Odds ratios of seromarker elevations for HH arterial injury versus GCA were calculated. Results Seventy-six GCA-positive, 69 HH, and 240 negative TABs were identified. Mantel-Haenszel tests of trend indicated that platelets >400 000/µL ( p p p 400 000/µL. Conclusion HH arterial injury is a heterogenous group that requires treatment in the appropriate clinical setting. From our study, we found that the HH group is intermediate between GCA-positive and GCA-negative biopsy with respect to serology markers only. Thrombocytosis is an independent predictor of HH TAB. With further studies, this marker may be considered when making treatment decisions. Further studies are required to better understand this entity.

Original Articles, antimicrobial resistance in bacteria of animal origin, foodborne disease, food safety, poultry, Salmonella, Animal Science and Zoology, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Food Science, Microbiology, Salmonella Heidelberg, Outbreak, Business, Environmental health, medicine.disease_cause, medicine, Food safety, business.industry, Disease control, Disease cluster, Sampling (statistics), Sample collection, and animal structures

On June 28, 2013, the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) was notified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of an investigation of a multistate cluster of illnesses of Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg. Since case-patients in the cluster reported consumption of a variety of chicken products, FSIS used a simple likelihood-based approach using traceback information to focus on intensified sampling efforts. This article describes the multiphased product sampling approach taken by FSIS when epidemiologic evidence implicated chicken products from multiple establishments operating under one corporation. The objectives of sampling were to (1) assess process control of chicken slaughter and further processing and (2) determine whether outbreak strains were present in products from these implicated establishments. As part of the sample collection process, data collected by FSIS personnel to characterize product included category (whole chicken and type of chicken parts), brand, organic or conventional product, injection with salt solutions or flavorings, and whether product was skinless or skin-on. From the period September 9, 2013, through October 31, 2014, 3164 samples were taken as part of this effort. Salmonella percent positive declined from 19.7% to 5.3% during this timeframe as a result of regulatory and company efforts. The results of intensified sampling for this outbreak investigation informed an FSIS regulatory response and corrective actions taken by the implicated establishments. The company noted that a multihurdle approach to reduce Salmonella in products was taken, including on-farm efforts such as environmental testing, depopulation of affected flocks, disinfection of affected houses, vaccination, and use of various interventions within the establishments over the course of several months.

Electrochemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Electrode, Electrolyte, Redox, Seebeck coefficient, Ionic liquid, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Cobalt, chemistry.chemical_element, Platinum, and Inorganic chemistry

Thermoelectrochemical cells are a promising technology for sustainably generating electricity from waste heat. These electrochemical devices directly convert heat into electricity, with a performance governed by the properties of the redox couple, electrolyte and electrode. In this work the influence of the nature of the redox couple on fundamental properties such as the Seebeck coefficient, diffusion coefficient and charge transfer resistance was investigated. Four different cobalt complexes containing the ligands 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) (Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3)), 2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine (Co2+/3+(bupy-pz)(3)), 2,6-di(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine (Co2+/3+(pz-py-pz)(2)) and 1,10-phenanthroline (Co2+/3+(phen)(3)) were examined in a 3:1 dimethyl sulfoxide: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl) trifluorophosphate mixture. The performance of each redox couple was governed by the ligand properties. The highest Seebeck coefficient was measured for Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3) (2.36 mV K-1) which was attributed to a combination of its small radius, bi-denticity and lower degree of aromaticity. This is higher than the previously reported Co(bpy)(3) couple. The highest power output was achieved with the Co2+/3+(py-pz)(3) redox electrolyte, using platinum electrodes coated with a carbon layer, which gave 36 mW m(-2) from a Delta T of 30 degrees C. The power outputs achieved using the different redox couples was highest for those with a high Seebeck coefficient, good electrochemical reversibility and fast ion diffusion. The electrochemical reversibility depends significantly on the nature of the electrode substrate and it is demonstrated that carbon-coated platinum electrodes can be used to improve the electrochemical reversibility of these redox couples

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Epistemology, Sociology, and Intuition

Computer Networks and Communications, Computer Science Applications, Social class, Politics, Sociology, Social media, Gender studies, Social mobility, and Socioeconomic status

Periapical radiography, Dentistry, business.industry, business, Treatment interval, Root resorption, medicine.disease, medicine, Tooth movement, Low level laser therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, Laser therapy, Randomized controlled trial, law.invention, law, Maxillary central incisor, Accelerated orthodontics, low-level laser therapy, photobiomodulation, root resorption, lcsh:Dentistry, and lcsh:RK1-715

Purpose The effects of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with light-emitting diode (LED) delivery (Biolux OrthoPulse® device) were tested for no differences from sham-controlled conventional orthodontics in maxillary anterior alignment treatment efficiency and maxillary central incisor root resorption after 6 months of treatment. Materials and Methods Two prospective clinical trial samples were matched for pretreatment irregularity index with (n = 14) and without (n = 12) photobiomodulation therapy (850 nm wavelength, 0.065 J/cm2, 5 min per-arch-per-day) and examined every 2 weeks for reduction of irregularity index to Results Photobiomodulation resolved maxillary anterior crowding with 35.2% greater efficiency (41.0 vs. 63.3 days, P = 0.028) at nearly double the tooth movement rate-per-week (1.02 vs. 62 mm/week, P = 0.045). Mean maxillary central incisor root lengths were significantly shorter at the 6-month treatment interval after LLLT (19.63 vs. 20.85 mm, P = 0.021). Conclusions LED photobiomodulation therapy at 850 nm wavelength resulted in 1.7X more rapid maxillary anterior alignment.

General Dentistry, Tooth Fracture, Primary health care, Correct response, Medicine, business.industry, business, Avulsed Tooth, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Original Research, mothers, knowledge, traumatic dental injuries, lcsh:Dentistry, lcsh:RK1-715, education, geographic locations, and Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry

Fares S Al-Sehaibany,1 Reem Alajlan,2 Danah Almubarak,2 Nassr Almaflehi,3 Aljazi Aljabaa,1 Sahar F AlBarakati1 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Objective: This study investigated the knowledge of Saudi mothers regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using structured questionnaires was employed for mothers chosen by stratified-cluster random sampling technique from primary health care centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, over a period of 12 months (July 2016–June 2017). The questionnaire surveyed mothers’ background and knowledge on management of tooth fracture and avulsion using photographs of TDI cases.Results: The sample consisted of 3,367 Saudi mothers. More than half of the mothers (55.3%) gave the correct response, which was to send the child with tooth fracture immediately to the dentist (p

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Molecular Biology, Knockout mouse, Transcription factor, Biology, Gene knockdown, Gene expression, Fibroblast, medicine.anatomical_structure, medicine, Cell biology, Matrix metalloproteinase, Scleraxis, and Regulation of gene expression

Remodeling of the cardiac extracellular matrix is responsible for a number of the detrimental effects on heart function that arise secondary to hypertension, diabetes and myocardial infarction. This remodeling consists both of an increase in new matrix protein synthesis, and an increase in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade existing matrix structures. Previous studies utilizing knockout mice have demonstrated clearly that MMP2 plays a pathogenic role during matrix remodeling, thus it is important to understand the mechanisms that regulate MMP2 gene expression. We have shown that the transcription factor scleraxis is an important inducer of extracellular matrix gene expression in the heart that may also control MMP2 expression. In the present study, we demonstrate that scleraxis directly transactivates the proximal MMP2 gene promoter, resulting in increased histone acetylation, and identify a specific E-box sequence in the promoter to which scleraxis binds. Cardiac myo-fibroblasts isolated from scleraxis knockout mice exhibited dramatically decreased MMP2 expression; however, scleraxis over-expression in knockout cells could rescue this loss. We further show that regulation of MMP2 gene expression by the pro-fibrotic cytokine TGFβ occurs via a scleraxis-dependent mechanism: TGFβ induces recruitment of scleraxis to the MMP2 promoter, and TGFβ was unable to up-regulate MMP2 expression in cells lacking scleraxis due to either gene knockdown or knockout. These results reveal that scleraxis can exert control over both extracellular matrix synthesis and breakdown, and thus may contribute to matrix remodeling in wound healing and disease.

Psychiatry and Mental health, Neurology (clinical), Seizure types, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Stroke, medicine.disease, Epilepsy, business.industry, business, EEG abnormality, Etiology, Population, education.field_of_study, education, Cohort, Pediatrics, and Original Article

Objectives: To identify the types of seizures and describe the clinical features, EEG and radiological findings among patients with epilepsy. Methods: In this retrospective epidemiological study, we analyzed the medical records of the patients with the diagnosis of epilepsy during the study period (January 1st 2016- December 2016) Results: The study included 184 patients, 91 (49.5%) were males and 93 (50.5%) females. Age ranged between 12 and 85 years (mean 35.4±19.5 SD years). Most of the patients 150 (82%) had Generalized tonic clonic seizures followed by focal onset in 27 (14%) of the patients. Main EEG abnormality was focal to bilateral was recorded in 53 (41%), idiopathic/ cryptogenic epilepsy was diagnosed in 61% of the patients. The most common abnormalities on brain imaging were temporal/hippocampal atrophy/stroke. The most common cause of symptomatic epilepsy was stroke found in 20(11%) followed by post infectious epilepsy and head trauma. Conclusion: Seizure types, EEG characteristics and etiologies of symptomatic epilepsy in our cohort of patients are in accordance with the current literature. Slight discrepancy observed in gender distribution and etiologies for symptomatic epilepsy compared with other studies from Saudi Arabia need to be studied further by prospective and population base studies.

Computer Science Applications, Education, Sociology, Educational technology, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Visual arts, Field (Bourdieu), Barefoot, and Plucker

Ophthalmology, General Medicine, General surgery, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, business.industry, business, Nerve palsy, and Hickam's dictum

Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Education, Mathematics (miscellaneous), Science education, Context (language use), Public relations, business.industry, business, Teaching method, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Construct (philosophy), CLARITY, law.invention, law, Technology education, and Political science

In this article, we consider the benefits and challenges of enacting creativity in the K-12 context and examine educational policy with regard to twenty-first century learning and technology. Creativity is widely considered to be a key construct for twenty-first century education. In this article, we review the literature on creativity relevant to education and technology to reveal some of the complex considerations that need to be addressed within educational policy. We then review how creativity emerges, or fails to emerge, in six national education policy contexts: Australia, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Finland, Slovakia, and the U.S. We also locate the connections, or lack of, between creativity and technology within those contexts. While the discussion is limited to these nations, the implications strongly point to the need for a coherent and coordinated approach to creating greater clarity with regards to the rhetoric and reality of how creativity and technology are currently enacted in educational policy.

Original Research, school staff, knowledge, traumatic dental injuries, Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, General Dentistry, Family medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Lack of knowledge, Basic knowledge, Cluster sampling, Sample (statistics), Tooth Fracture, Study Completed, Demographic data, business.industry, and business

Fares S Al-Sehaibany,1 Danah Z Almubarak,2 Reem A Alajlan,2 Mohammad A Aldosari,1 Nasser D Alqahtani,1 Nassr S Almaflehi,3 Sahar F AlBarakati1 1Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Dental Intern, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Aim: This study investigated the knowledge of elementary school staff regarding the management of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in children.Methods: The present cross-sectional study analyzed data collected between September 2016 and April 2017. The sample consisted of 2,027 elementary school staff members in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A stratified cluster random sampling technique was used to select the required sample. Those who agreed to participate in the study completed a 4-part self-administered questionnaire comprising questions regarding demographic data, knowledge on management of tooth fracture, and avulsion using photographs of TDI cases.Results: The majority of the school staff showed inadequate basic knowledge regarding the importance of saving the broken piece of the tooth and identifying the tooth involved in the trauma (67% and 66.3%, respectively), P

Computer Science Applications, Education, Creativity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Educational technology, Pedagogy, Psychology, and Conversation