Homme, Human, Hombre, Interaction sociale, Social interaction, Interacción social, Adolescent, Adolescente, Communication médiatisée ordinateur, Computer mediated communication, Communicación mediatizada computador, Comportement rendez vous, Dating behavior, Conducta cita, Messagerie instantanée, Instant messaging, Mensajería instantánea, Trouble du comportement social, Social behavior disorder, Trastorno comportamiento social, Violence, Violencia, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique, automatique theorique, systemes, Computer science, control theory, systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Troubles du comportement social. Comportement criminel. Délinquance, Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious form of youth violence that youth fairly commonly experience. Although youth extensively use computer-mediated communication (CMC), the epidemiology of CMC-based TDV is largely unknown. This study examined how perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC compares and relates to perpetration using longer-standing modes of communication (LSMC; e.g., face-to-face). Data from the national Growing up with Media study involving adolescents aged 14―19 collected from October 2010 to February 2011 and analyzed May 2012 are reported. Analyses focused on adolescents with a history of dating (n = 615). Forty-six percent of youth daters had perpetrated psychological TDV. Of those who perpetrated in the past 12 months, 58% used only LSMC, 17% used only CMC, and 24% used both. Use of both CMC and LSMC was more likely among perpetrators who used CMC than among perpetrators who used LSMC. In addition, communication mode and type of psychological TDV behavior were separately related to frequency of perpetration. Finally, history of sexual intercourse was the only characteristic that discriminated between youth who perpetrated using different communication modes. Results suggest that perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC is prevalent and is an extension of perpetration using LSMC. Prevention should focus on preventing perpetration of LSMC-based TDV as doing so would prevent LSMC as well as CMC-based TDV.

Activisme, Activism, Féminisme, Feminism, Internet, Mouvement, Movement, Notes de terrain, Fieldnotes, Prostitution, Réseau, Network, Trafic, Traffic, Tráfico, Feminist STS, Internet studies, Network studies, Sex trafficking, Ethnologie, Ethnology, Structure et relations sociales, Social structure and social relations, Relations sociales. Relation interculturelles et interethniques. Identité collective, Social relations. Intercultural and interethnic relations. Collective identity, Amérique, America, Cognition, Social anthropology and ethnology, and Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie

In this essay, we offer field notes from our ongoing ethnographic research on sex trafficking in the United States. Recent efforts to regulate websites such as Craigslist and Backpage have illuminated activist concerns regarding the role of networked technologies in the trafficking of persons and images for the purposes of sexual exploitation. We frame our understanding of trafficking and technology through a network studies approach, by describing anti-trafficking as a counter-network to the sex trafficking it seeks to address. Drawing from the work of Annelise Riles and other scholars of feminist science and technology studies, we read the anti-trafficking network through the production of expert knowledge and the crafting of anti-trafficking techniques. By exploring anti-trafficking activists' understandings of technology, we situate the activities of anti-trafficking experts and law enforcement as efforts toward network stabilization.

Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Etude d'ensemble, Library and information science. General aspects, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie. Evaluation, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics. Evaluation, Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics, Cognition, Documentation, Computer science, and Informatique

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately affect not only access to, but also use of information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate the information practices of a subcultural community whose activities are both stigmatized and of uncertain legal status: the extreme body modification community. We use the construct of information poverty to analyze the experiences of 18 people who had obtained, were interested in obtaining, or had performed extreme body modification procedures. With a holistic understanding of how members of this community use information, we complicate information poverty by working through concepts of stigma and community norms. Our research contributes to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups and to Internet studies research on how communities negotiate collective norms of information sharing online.

Homme, Human, Hombre, Adolescent, Adolescente, Harcèlement moral, Psychological harassment, Acoso moral, Internet, Intimidation, Bullying, intimidación, Méthode mesure, Measurement method, Método medida, Méthodologie, Methodology, Metodología, Technologie information communication, Information communication technology, Nueva tecnología información comunicación, Victimisation, Victimization, Victimización, Cyberbullying, Measurement, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Techniques et méthodes, Techniques and methods, Méthodologie. Expérimentation, Methodology. Experimentation, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Pediatrics, Pédiatrie, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Purpose: To inform the scientific debate about bullying, including cyberbullying, measurement. Methods: Two split-form surveys were conducted online among 6―17-year-olds (n = 1,200 each) to inform recommendations for cyberbullying measurement. Results: Measures that use the word bully result in prevalence rates similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included, whereas measures not using the word bully are similar to each other, irrespective of whether a definition is included. A behavioral list of bullying experiences without either a definition or the word bully results in higher prevalence rates and likely measures experiences that are beyond the definition of bullying. Follow-up questions querying differential power, repetition, and bullying over time were used to examine misclassification. The measure using a definition but not the word bully appeared to have the highest rate of false positives and, therefore, the highest rate of misclassification. Across two studies, an average of 25% reported being bullied at least monthly in person compared with an average of 10% bullied online, 7% via telephone (cell or landline), and 8% via text messaging. Conclusions: Measures of bullying among English-speaking individuals in the United States should include the word bully when possible. The definition may be a useful tool for researchers, but results suggest that it does not necessarily yield a more rigorous measure of bullying victimization. Directly measuring aspects of bullying (i.e., differential power, repetition, over time) reduces misclassification. To prevent double counting across domains, we suggest the following distinctions: mode (e.g., online, in-person), type (e.g., verbal, relational), and environment (e.g., school, home). We conceptualize cyberbullying as bullying communicated through the online mode.

Réseau social, Social network, Red social, Vie privée, Private life, Vida privada, Vie publique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Technologie de la communication et de l'information, Information and communication technologies, Technologies de l'information: supports, équipements, Information technologies: storage media, equipment, Applications (par exemple: numérisation,...), Applications (e.g. Digitizing,...), Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,...), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,...), Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Applications, Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,…), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,…), Sciences de l'information communication, and Documentation

[ point de vue ] Les nouveaux médias numériques ontsensiblementmodifiél'acceptiontraditionnelledes concepts de vie privée et de vie publique. Née du développement des réseaux sociaux, cette rupture a généré de nouvelles « sphères publiques médiatées » au sein desquelles se déploie désormais une part de notre vie quotidienne. Une évolution de l'espace public qui appelle un accompagnement des jeunes, particulièrement présents et investis dans ces réseaux numériques.

Digital preservation, Digitization of archival materials, Digital libraries in the humanities, Arts advocacy, Arts in literature, and Standards

DARIAH (Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities) aims to support digitally-enabled research across the arts and humanities. The activities and service portfolios are centered around communities to enable transnational, interdisciplinary research. One of the most important goals of DARIAH is the sustainable research data management. Although widely-acknowledged standards and best practices are utilized for essential long-term storage components, offering an interoperable technological solution is challenging due to the heterogeneity of the tools and data. In this article, we analyze these problems, discuss a general concept for long-term storage in DARIAH, and present two implementations of the corresponding preservation services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Professional ethics, Artificial intelligence, Logic, Corporate power, Organizational power, and Everyday life

The article illustrates what it looks like to own ethics in the technology industry today. Topics include given the increasing power and centrality of artificial intelligence (AI) and automated decision making tools in everyday life, there is an urgent need for a coherent approach to addressing ethics, values, and moral consequences, and ethics owners operate inside a fraught dynamic: on the one hand attempting to resolve critical external normative claims about the core logics of the tech industry; on the other hand doing so while fully embedded within those logics, and attempts to institutionalize ethics within entities structured by core logics of corporate power point towards a series of structural, conceptual, and procedural pitfalls that may ultimately stymie these efforts.

Digital communications, Digital technology, Social scientists, Behavioral scientists, and Economists

The era of Big Data has begun. Computer scientists, physicists, economists, mathematicians, political scientists, bio-informaticists, sociologists, and other scholars are clamoring for access to the massive quantities of information produced by and about people, things, and their interactions. Diverse groups argue about the potential benefits and costs of analyzing genetic sequences, social media interactions, health records, phone logs, government records, and other digital traces left by people. Significant questions emerge. Will large-scale search data help us create better tools, services, and public goods? Or will it usher in a new wave of privacy incursions and invasive marketing? Will data analytics help us understand online communities and political movements? Or will it be used to track protesters and suppress speech? Will it transform how we study human communication and culture, or narrow the palette of research options and alter what ‘research’ means? Given the rise of Big Data as a socio-technical phenomenon, we argue that it is necessary to critically interrogate its assumptions and biases. In this article, we offer six provocations to spark conversations about the issues of Big Data: a cultural, technological, and scholarly phenomenon that rests on the interplay of technology, analysis, and mythology that provokes extensive utopian and dystopian rhetoric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media & society, Public sphere, Social space, Audiences, Identity (Psychology), and Technology & society

Social media complicate the very nature of public life. In this article, we consider how technology reconfigures publicness, blurs 'audiences' and publics, and alters what it means to engage in public life. The nature of publicness online is shaped by the architecture and affordances of social media, but also by people's social contexts, identities, and practices. Navigating socially mediated publicness requires new mechanisms of control and new skills. Understanding socially-mediated publicness is an ever-shifting process throughout which people juggle blurred boundaries, multi-layered audiences, individual attributes, the specifics of the systems they use, and the contexts of their use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management

Presents an excerpt from the book `ReWiring the Corporate Brain: Using the New Science to Rethink How We Structure and Lead Organization.'

Privacy, Right of privacy, Online social networks, and Internet & children

Facebook, like many communication services and social media sites, uses its Terms of Service (ToS) to forbid children under the age of 13 from creating an account. Such prohibitions are not uncommon in response to the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA), which seeks to empower parents by requiring commercial Web site operators to obtain parental consent before collecting data from children under 13. Given economic costs, social concerns, and technical issues, most general-purpose sites opt to restrict underage access through their ToS. Yet in spite of such restrictions, research suggests that millions of underage users circumvent this rule and sign up for accounts on Facebook. Given strong evidence of parental concern about children's online activity, this raises questions of whether or not parents understand ToS restrictions for children, how they view children's practices of circumventing age restrictions, and how they feel about children's access being regulated. In this paper, we provide survey data that show that many parents know that their underage children are on Facebook in violation of the site's restrictions and that they are often complicit in helping their children join the site. Our data suggest that, by creating a context in which companies choose to restrict access to children, COPPA inadvertently undermines parents' ability to make choices and protect their children's data. Our data have significant implications for policy-makers, particularly in light of ongoing discussions surrounding COPPA and other age-based privacy laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]