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INDIGENOUS ethnic identity, CREATIVE ability, POSTHUMANISM, and ARTIFICIAL intelligence

With the emergence of Western posthuman understandings, new materialism, artificial intelligence (AI), and the growing acknowledgment of Indigenous epistemologies, an ongoing rethinking of existing assumptions and meanings about creativity is needed. The intersection of new technologies and philosophical stances that upend human-centered views of reality suggests that creativity is not an exclusively "human" activity. This opens new possibilities and assemblages for conceiving of creativity, but not without tensions. In this article, we connect multiple threads, to reimagine creativity in light of posthuman understandings and the possibilities for creative emergence beyond the Anthropocene. Creativity is implicated as emerging beyond non-human spaces, such as through digitality and AI or sources in the natural world. This unseats many understandings of creativity as positioned in Euro-Western literature. We offer four areas of concern for interrogating tensions in this area, aiming to open new possibilities for practice, research, and (re)conceptualization beyond Western understandings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRIZZLY bear, CITIZEN science, BEST practices, and FINANCIAL stress

Simple Summary: Citizen science offers an excellent opportunity to engage the public in scientific data collection, educational opportunities, and applied management. However, the practicalities of developing a citizen science program, from generating ideas to developing tools, implementing programming, and evaluating outcomes, are complex and challenging. To address challenges and provide a foundation for practitioners, scientists, and the public, the Government of Alberta developed a set of citizen science principles. Here, we use these principles as an evaluative framework to assess the outcomes of the GrizzTracker program, which was developed to help inform provincial species-at-risk recovery efforts. While the program experienced some successes, we identified challenges, including skepticism from the scientific community about the utility of citizen science and a lack of program leadership, staff capacity, and funding needs for long-term implementation. Reflecting on the principles, we provide policy recommendations that future citizen science programs can consider. Citizen science offers an excellent opportunity to engage the public in scientific data collection, educational opportunities, and applied management. However, the practicalities of developing and implementing citizen science programming are often more complex than considered. Some challenges to effective citizen science include scientists' skepticism about the ability of public participants to rigorously collect quality data; a lack of clarity on or confidence in the utility of data; scientists' hesitancy in engaging the public in projects; limited financial commitments; and challenges associated with the temporal and geographic scales of projects. To address these challenges, and provide a foundation upon which practitioners, scientists, and the public can credibly engage in citizen science, the Government of Alberta developed a set of citizen science principles. These principles offer a framework for planning, designing, implementing, and evaluating citizen science projects that extend beyond Alberta. Here, we present a case study using these principles to evaluate GrizzTracker, a citizen science program developed to help inform provincial species-at-risk recovery efforts. While we found that GrizzTracker applied each of the six principles in some way, including successful public engagement, strengthened relationships, and raising public awareness about northwest Alberta's grizzly bears, we also identified a number of challenges. These included ongoing skepticism from the traditional scientific community about the utility of citizen science and governance challenges related to program leadership, staff capacity, and funding. By using the principles as a guideline, we provide policy recommendations for future citizen science efforts, including considerations for program design, implementation, and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYOFIBROBLASTS, FIBROBLASTS, EXTRACELLULAR matrix proteins, HEPATIC fibrosis, PULMONARY fibrosis, METABOLIC regulation, and GLUTAMINE synthetase

Fibrosis is an energy-intensive process requiring the activation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, resulting in the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. Little is known about the transcriptional control of energy metabolism in cardiac fibroblast activation, but glutaminolysis has been implicated in liver and lung fibrosis. Here we explored how pro-fibrotic TGFβ and its effector scleraxis, which drive cardiac fibroblast activation, regulate genes involved in glutaminolysis, particularly the rate-limiting enzyme glutaminase (GLS1). The GLS1 inhibitor CB-839 attenuated TGFβ-induced fibroblast activation. Cardiac fibroblast activation to myofibroblasts by scleraxis overexpression increased glutaminolysis gene expression, including GLS1, while cardiac fibroblasts from scleraxis-null mice showed reduced expression. TGFβ induced GLS1 expression and increased intracellular glutamine and glutamate levels, indicative of increased glutaminolysis, but in scleraxis knockout cells, these measures were attenuated, and the response to TGFβ was lost. The knockdown of scleraxis in activated cardiac fibroblasts reduced GLS1 expression by 75%. Scleraxis transactivated the human GLS1 promoter in luciferase reporter assays, and this effect was dependent on a key scleraxis-binding E-box motif. These results implicate scleraxis-mediated GLS1 expression as a key regulator of glutaminolysis in cardiac fibroblast activation, and blocking scleraxis in this process may provide a means of starving fibroblasts of the energy required for fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public acceptance of governmental measures are key to controlling the spread of infectious diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed a significant burden on healthcare systems for high-income countries as well as low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The ability of LMICs to respond to the challenge of the COVID-19 pandemic has been limited and may have affected the impact of governmental strategies to control the spread of COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate and compare public opinion on the governmental COVID-19 response of high and LMICs in the Middle East and benchmark it to international countries. Methods: An online, self-administered questionnaire was distributed among different Middle Eastern Arab countries. Participants' demographics and level of satisfaction with governmental responses to COVID-19 were analyzed and reported. Scores were benchmarked against 19 international values. Results: A total of 7395 responses were included. Bahrain scored highest for satisfaction with the governmental response with 38.29 ± 2.93 on a scale of 40, followed by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (37.13 ± 3.27), United Arab Emirates (36.56 ± 3.44), Kuwait (35.74 ± 4.85), Jordan (23.08 ± 6.41), and Lebanon (15.39 ± 5.28). Participants' country of residence was a significant predictor of the satisfaction score (P < 0.001), and participants who suffered income reduction due to the pandemic, had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and held higher educational degrees had significantly lower satisfaction scores (P < 0.001). When benchmarked with other international publics, countries from the Gulf Cooperation Council had the highest satisfaction level, Jordan had an average score, and Lebanon had one of the lowest satisfaction scores. Conclusion: The political crisis in Lebanon merged with the existing corruption were associated with the lowest public satisfaction score whereas the economical instability of Jordan placed the country just before the lowest position. On the other hand, the solid economy plus good planning and public trust in the government placed the other countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council on top of the scale. Further investigation is necessary to find out how the governments of other low-income countries may have handled the situation wisely and gained the trust of their publics. This may help convey a clearer picture to Arab governments that have suffered during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare condition caused by autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors on postsynaptic membrane that leads to weakness of skeletal muscles. About 7 of 10 patients with MG have thymic hyperplasia and about 1 of 10 patients have thymoma. Thymectomy has increasingly been used as a treatment modality for MG. Several observational studies have shown that thymectomy results in improvement in MG and a randomized trial has established that thymectomy leads to a better outcome in non-thymomatous generalized MG. However, thymectomy is yet controversial in some disease subtypes and there are potential concerns regarding the selection of the ideal surgical approach to achieve complete removal of the thymic tissue to achieve stable remission rates. This review highlights the role of thymectomy in non-thymomatous and thymomatous MG, the effectiveness of various thymectomy methods, postoperative myasthenic crisis, and remission after thymectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MINDFULNESS, CREATIVE ability, PSYCHOLOGICAL well-being, DIVERGENT thinking, and CREATIVE thinking

Implementing Mindfulness Practices in Schools When it comes to implementing mindfulness practices in schools, Dr. Capurso believes that people should understand the I reasons i for implementing mindfulness practices in any school setting. Dr. Capurso says that when you really stop and observe your mind, you are able to see that your thoughts are not real, "Your thoughts are not solid, they are something that have been created by your mind. Thus, Dr. Capurso notes that mind-wandering and mindfulness are not necessarily antithetical to each other, as long as there is an active state of non-judgmental awareness while the mind is wandering, allowing us to notice and follow our creative wanderings and ideas. Dr. Capurso emphasized that an important point about mindfulness meditation is the mental shift away from our common mental habit of judging without noticing, to move toward its exact opposite - noticing without judging, thus creating a form of curious attention (Capurso et al., [4]). [Extracted from the article]

ISLAM, MULTIPLE regression analysis, MENTAL health, SOCIAL stigma, CONCEPTUAL structures, HEALTH literacy, HEALTH attitudes, PSYCHOLOGY of women, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, and MENTAL health services

Background: The underutilization of mental health services is a recognized problem for the growing number of Muslims living in the West. Despite their unique mental health risk factors and the pivotal role they play in determining mental health discourse in their families and in society, Muslim women in particular have not received sufficient study. Aim: To help remedy this research gap, we examined factors that may impact the rejection attitudes of Muslim women toward professional mental health care using the first psychometrically validated scale of its kind; the M-PAMH (Muslims' Perceptions and Attitudes to Mental Health). Methods: A total of 1,222 Muslim women responded to questions about their cultural and religious beliefs about mental health, stigma associated with mental health, and familiarity with formal mental health services in an anonymous online survey. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that higher religious and cultural beliefs, higher societal stigma, and lower familiarity with professional mental health services were associated with greater rejection attitudes toward professional mental healthcare. The final model was statistically significant, F (5, 1,216) = 73.778; p <.001, and explained 23% of the variance in rejection attitudes with stigma accounting for the most (12.3%) variance, followed by cultural and religious mental health beliefs (6%), and familiarity with mental health services (2.7%). Conclusions: Findings suggest that although the examined factors contributed significantly to the model, they may not be sufficient in the explanation of Muslim women's rejection attitudes toward mental health services. Future research may explore additional variables, as well as predictive profiles for Muslim women's perceptions and attitudes of mental health based on a combination of these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EPIDEMIOLOGY, HYPERTENSION, PUBLIC health, COINCIDENCE, and DATA analysis

Background: Spontaneous simultaneous bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage (SSBBGH) is an extremely rare condition with only a few published case reports and series. However, there is no systematic review that has been published yet. Objective: The study aims to conduct a systematic review on spontaneous simultaneous bilateral basal ganglion bleeding and a descriptive statistical analysis of collected data on epidemiology, clinical features, etiology, therapeutic approach and prognosis. This review aims to be a clinical reference for busy clinicians when they are faced with such a rare condition. Methodology: This review has been carried out in accordance with recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results: Review of 60 cases showed that SSBBGH affected predominantly male patients (70%) with an average age of 50.8 ± 15.33 years and the male-to-female ratio was 2.5:1. The female patients tend to be older with an average age of 54.22 ± 16.67 years. Location of SSBBGHwas more common in the putamen (90% vs 10% non-putaminal). SSBBGH posed a significant mortality rate (33.33%). Among patients who survived, only 40.6% (13/32 report) have had favorable outcomes (mRS ≤ 2) and the remaining 59.4% (19/32) ended up with poor functional status (mRS ≥ 3-5). The most common implicated etiologies were hypertension followed by alcohol intoxication. Conclusion: SSBBGH is a rare clinical entity with significant morbidity and mortality. Systemic approach can lead to early recognition of etiology and prompt treatment. Hypertension and the putamen are the most common etiology and location of SSBBGH, respectively. History of hypertension and age can help narrow differential diagnosis and limit unnecessary testing or intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, COVID-19, TASTE disorders, FEVER, CONVALESCENCE, TERTIARY care, RHINITIS, SLEEP disorders, SEX distribution, QUESTIONNAIRES, SMELL disorders, COUGH, POLYMERASE chain reaction, ROUTINE diagnostic tests, and LONGITUDINAL method

Objective: Many studied investigated the manifestations of COVID-19, yet few described the pattern and severity of otolaryngological symptoms. We aim to describe the picture of COVID-19-associated otorhinolaryngological manifestations and recovery to explore individualized treatment, onward referral, and complications prevention. Design: Prospective longitudinal questionnaire-based study. Setting: The online questionnaire was filled 3 times through a remote interview over a period of 1 month from June 2020 to July 2020. Participants: Patients with confirmed COVID-19 by RT-PCR who were clinically stable. Main Outcome Measures: Date of diagnosis, sociodemographic data, and the presence of predictive factors, such as nasal and paranasal disease, anosmia and dysgeusia. Validated tools were used, such as Sino-nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), smell test (medical academy screening tool), Voice Handicap Index (VHI), and Reflux Symptoms Index (RSI). Result: The questionnaire was sent to 363 patients and the response rate was 70.80% (n = 257). The mean age was 34.58 years (SD = 11.22) and the rate of male participants was 60.7%. The most common otorhinolaryngological symptoms at the time of enrollment was fever (48.6%), whilst the commonest severe symptom was cough (57%). After 1 month, only 11 participants had persistent severe symptoms, especially sleep and psychological symptoms (73%), and the majority were female (63.6%). All of them had at least 1 comorbidity. There was a significant difference between the mean age of participants with severe symptoms (mean = 27.45, SD = 8.39) and without severe symptoms (mean = 34.90, SD = 2.53, t (255) = 2.17, P =.031). Conclusion: COVID-19 has a wide-ranged spectrum of presentations, with otorhinolaryngological symptoms being the commonest and most serious. Studying these symptoms is vital to advance management options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the special issue on democratizing creative educational experiences (CEE), we conducted a thematic analysis of recent scholarship on creativity and decolonization (2010–2021) and analyzed recurring tensions across literature grounded in Indigenous, Black, feminist, and non-western epistemological perspectives on creativity. We found themes that are not new but are yet to be taken up consistently and credibly in western creativity and education research and practice. For instance, spirituality emerges as a valuable ingredient for creativity, body as inseparable from the mind, dialectic resistance and resilience as acts of creative existence, and non-human agency as essential to the creative process. Informed by these themes, we share implications for research and practice, seeking new spaces inclusive of historically ignored onto-epistemologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PHYSICIANS, PHYSICIANS' attitudes, SAUDI Arabians, PHYSICAL therapists, REHABILITATION, VECTION, and SENSORY perception

Objectives. There is compelling scientific evidence about the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation. However, patients with vestibular-associated dizziness and balance disturbances are seldom referred to physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to achieve insight into perceptions, knowledge, attitudes, and referral practices among Saudi Arabian medical doctors relating to the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation. Methods. A sample of 381 medical doctors practicing in Saudi Arabia participated in this nationwide cross-sectional study. The sample was obtained from 226 hospitals across 13 provinces of Saudi Arabia by stratified sampling method. The 23-item questionnaire developed by a team of experts was emailed to medical doctors practicing in various hospitals across Saudi Arabia. Results. Out of 1,231 medical doctors invited, 381 medical doctors responded, giving a response rate of 30.9%. One hundred ninety-three (50.6%) medical doctors reported managing patients with vestibular rehabilitation. The most preferred specialist for managing patients with vestibular disorders was an Ear Nose Throat (ENT) specialist (n D 173, 89.6%). Related Sample Cochran's Q test showed statistically significant difference between preferred specialist for managing patients with vestibular disorders (ENT specialists, physiotherapists, nurses, occupational therapists and audiologists) (x2(4)D482:476, pD0:001). Out of 193 medical doctors, 153 (79.2%) reported no role of the physiotherapist in vestibular rehabilitation. One hundred forty-five (75.1%) of medical doctors reported that they were not aware of the role of physiotherapists in vestibular rehabilitation. Only 27 (15.5%) medical doctors reported referring patients with vestibular disorders to physiotherapists. Conclusion. The study reports that physiotherapy services are underutilized in vestibular rehabilitation due to limited referral from Saudi Arabian medical doctors. Therefore, there is a need to increase the awareness among Saudi Arabian doctors about the physiotherapist's role in vestibular rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HOMELESS families, MASTERY learning, SERVICE learning, EDUCATIONAL technology, CULTURAL pluralism, SCHOOL children, BEHAVIORAL medicine, and YOUNG adults

Keywords: Creativity; Mindfulness; Educational technology; Schools; Teaching; Wellbeing EN Creativity Mindfulness Educational technology Schools Teaching Wellbeing 125 130 6 03/16/22 20220301 NES 220301 I Mindful and creative, a child who has neither a past, nor examples to follow, nor value judgments, simply lives, speaks and plays in freedom. Many teachers reported that they found the synchronous instructor-supported time to be beneficial to them in reinforcing their asynchronous learning; particularly, when mindfulness instructors helped to troubleshoot and assist teachers in adapting the practice in ways that were individually meaningful to them. Teachers have adapted this philosophy to teaching mindfulness to their own students and reported that they enjoy the creative adaptations to mindfulness practice in virtual settings. Teacher interviews have so far shown that mindfulness practice has lowered their levels of stress and raised levels of individual wellbeing, with increased effectiveness in communication, ability to regulate emotions, detach from negative thinking and enhanced levels of compassion, for themselves and their students. [Extracted from the article]

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, SYMPTOMS, and CORONAVIRUS diseases

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ENVIRONMENTAL exposure, FIRE fighters, SINUSITIS, ALLERGIC rhinitis, and DATABASE searching

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

HOSPITAL admission & discharge, PERINATAL period, NUMERIC databases, NEWBORN infants, and HEMORRHAGIC diseases

Purpose: To analyze trends of conditions originating in the perinatal period (COPP) in England and Wales between 1999 and 2020. Patients and methods: An ecological study of COPP was conducted using hospital admission data from April 1999 to March 2020 from the Hospital Episode Statistics database in England and the Patient Episode Database for Wales. Results: The overall hospital admission rates increased by 41.6%, from 1913 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 1905– 1922) in 1999 to 2709 (95% CI: 2700– 2719) in 2020 (trend test p< 0.001). The most common causes for neonatal admissions were disorders related to the length of gestation and fetal growth, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders specific to the perinatal period, and hemorrhagic and hematological disorders of newborns (28.8%, 27.3%, and 15.2%, respectively). Although the admission rates increased for both males and females (by 33.1% and 35.1%, respectively), hospital admission rates for all causes were higher among males compared to females (p< 0.05). Conclusion: COPP-related hospital admissions rate in England and Wales increased significantly over the past 21 years. Notably, the proportion of COPP-related hospital admissions of males was higher than females. Further studies are warranted to explore the role of gender in hospital admissions and health care for COPP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate (1) students' knowledge in a variety of geriatrics competencies, (2) students' attitudes toward the value of interprofessional practice, and (3) pharmacy students' experiences after an advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE) in a practice-based interprofessional education (IPE) model. Nursing, pharmacy, social work, and health sciences programs who participated in the Richmond Health and Wellness Program (RHWP) interprofessional experience received pre- and post-surveys to assess changes in geriatrics knowledge. An adapted Attitude Toward Health Care Teams Scale (ATHCTS) was used to assess changes in students' attitudes toward the value of interprofessional teamwork. Finally, representative quotes were taken from APPE evaluations to illustrate the pharmacy student experience. Seventy-two out of 82 (87.8%) interprofessional students who participated in the practice-based IPE model at RHWP in the fall 2018 participated in this study. Geriatrics knowledge scores significantly increased by 4.03 (P <.001) with a significant change in some knowledge domains: frailty (P =.005) and medication knowledge (P =.017). Attitudes toward the value of interprofessional practice increased with a statistically significant difference in the ATHCTS quality of care subscale (P <.001). Pharmacy students found the interprofessional collaboration to be valuable. A practice-based IPE experience can provide many benefits to health professional students. By working as a team, students learn from each other, leading to increased knowledge on several geriatrics competencies. Students understand the importance of IPE experiences, but their attitudes become more positive through application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccines, COLLEGE students, VACCINATION complications, VACCINE effectiveness, and VACCINE safety

Background: COVID-19 was declared a public health emergency of global concern by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods for halting the pandemic and preventing complications. Vaccine hesitancy is a possible threat to global public health. Understanding the key determinants that influence the community's preferences and demands for a future vaccine may aid in the development of strategies to improve the global vaccination program. The aim of this study was to assess the beliefs, barriers, and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among Taif University students in Saudi Arabia. Materials and Method: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study, based study in Taif University, Saudi Arabia. Data was collected using a designed self-administered questionnaire that was shared as a link through social media. 332 students were considered eligible to participate voluntarily. Data were analyzed using the (SPSS) program version 25. Results: Out of 332 participants, 278 (83.7%) were accepting to take the covid vaccine, while 54 (16.3%) refused. Believes in vaccine safety and effectiveness and trust in the ability of the vaccine to prevent the complication, were all associated with high acceptance rate. Fear about side effects is considered a major factor for vaccination refusal. Conclusion: Most of the participants have the willingness to be vaccinated. The majority of students who agreed to take the vaccine were in the medical field, and that is mostly due to their high knowledge exposure. This indicates the importance of raising the awareness of the non-medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MINDFULNESS, CREATIVE ability, DESIGN students, NATURE (Aesthetics), and DESIGN services

Given the applied nature of creativity in the arts and design, it is important to understand the conditions and practices that support it. Most research suggests that ideal conditions for creativity are often mental and emotional - involving relaxed, yet alert and focused, states of mind. This article explores the connection between mindfulness and creativity in the experiences of students in a college of arts and design, through a mindfulness teaching practice to support creative processes. In a "scholarship of teaching and learning" inquiry, we consider how mindfulness practice may affect arts and design learners' feelings about their own creativity. Students in a large United States university school of arts and design practiced mindfulness meditation for several months, and submitted a written reflection on their experience. We qualitatively analyze this to consider how mindfulness supports creative practices in arts and design learners' education. Our findings involve three key themes, which are: "Processing anxiety and negative feelings", "Focusing the mind", and "Managing the 'Voice of Judgment'". These thematic findings reflect how arts and design students perceive the effects of mindfulness on their creative process. We offer implications for teaching practices related to mindfulness meditation practice aimed to support learners' perceptions of their creativity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IRRITABLE colon, MEDICAL students, SEDENTARY lifestyles, SLEEP interruptions, ABDOMINAL pain, and STRESS management

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition presented by abdominal discomfort due to unknown cause. The prevalence of IBS in the world extends between 5.7% to 34%, with different ranges based on the tools used for diagnosis. Evidence has indicated genetic predisposition and psychosocial stress as risk factors. This study aims to assess the prevalence of IBS with its subtypes in undergraduate medical students using Rome III criteria. We also investigated the association of IBS and emotional disorders including stress among undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in January and February 2021 among undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia. Volunteer participants answered the questions relating to demographics and surveys containing the Rome III criteria and the Self-reported Stress questionnaire. Results: A total of 300 participants were recruited of whom 63.7% were females. The majority of the participants were aged more than 22 years (72.7%). IBS prevalence in undergraduate medical students was 49.3% in Saudi Arabia which was higher than the global prevalence of IBS. There are many associated factors with IBS including female gender, higher academic year, sleeping less than 6 hours and less exercise practicing. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of IBS was detected in undergraduate medical students in Saudi Arabia than worldwide prevalence. Female gender, higher academic grades, less exercise practicing and sleep disturbance were predictors for IBS. More screening and management of stress causes are needed to decrease medical field stressors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 pandemic, SPARE parts, COVID-19, COCHLEAR implants, PSYCHOLOGICAL typologies, EAR infections, and MEDICAL telematics

Introduction: The daily escalation in incidence and mortality caused by Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has mandated forced curfew in our country (same as many other countries) to limit the spread of infection. This is predicted to have a more negative impact on cochlear implant (CI) patients since this group of patients needs a unique type of psychological, medical, and technical care in addition to a daily rehabilitation program. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on Arabic questionnaire that looked into the collateral consequences of COVID-19 on the pediatric CI patients. The questionnaire was designed to highlight different problems such as exposure to head trauma or ear infection, difficulties in device maintenance and getting spare parts, impacts of the delay of programing or switch on appointments, and the impacts of missing rehabilitation sessions. Different ways of management of these problems are presented and discussed. Results: A total of 174 parents responded to the questionnaire. The main problem met by the patients was missing their device programing and rehabilitation sessions. Many children had device maintenance and spare parts problems. Virtual clinics were helpful in solving different problems. Additionally, children who needed device programing were scheduled for remote programing sessions. Conclusion: Although the inevitable consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are catastrophic, they are forcing the medical field to explore new opportunities by sitting up an infrastructure for future usage of telemedicine. Telemedicine is cost-effective and more convenient and enables health-care providers to be immune to future circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GLYCEMIC control, SHIFT systems, MEDICAL personnel, NIGHT work, and SLEEP deprivation

Copyright of Saudi Medical Journal is the property of Saudi Medical Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

FOOD allergy, CONSUMER behavior, FOOD labeling, ADULTS, ALLERGENS, and PRODUCT safety

Objective: Preventing a food allergy reaction depends primarily on eliminating allergens from the diet. In October 2019, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) introduced new legislation requiring food establishments providing and selling non-prepacked foods to state the presence of the top fourteen food allergens on their menus. The current study aimed to assess the allergen-labelling knowledge, practices, preferences and perceptions towards the new SFDA allergen-labelling legislation among consumers with food allergy in Saudi Arabia.Design: Observational cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire.Setting: Saudi Arabia; February - March 2020.Participants: Residents of Saudi Arabia with food allergy (n 427), aged 18-70 years.Results: Among participants, only 28·1 % knew that there were governmental regulations in Saudi Arabia regarding food-allergen labelling and approximately two-thirds (67 %) check labels on prepacked food products for allergens. The majority of the participants preferred food products carrying safety statements (84·1 %) and symbols (80·1 %). A total of 47·1 % were aware that regulations in Saudi Arabia require allergens to be declared in ingredient lists, while 51·3 % were aware that advisory allergen labelling is not required by law. Only 26·2 % were aware of the new SFDA legislation regarding provision of allergen information by food establishments. However, the majority (94·4 %) were supportive of the new legislation, and most of them were more likely to eat at restaurants that reported allergen information for food items on the menu.Conclusions: The new SFDA food allergen-labelling legislation needs to be more widely and effectively disseminated to increase the level of awareness among adults with food allergy in Saudi Arabia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

DIGITAL storytelling, ONLINE education, VIRTUAL communities, TEACHER educators, TEACHER education, TEACHERS, and MIDDLE school teachers

Dr. Archambault advocates for an approach to teacher education that puts teachers in the central role of learning designer and professional. While teachers need to continue to be critical evaluators of all the resources they use, the fact that they can go online and find resources that have been created by classroom teachers who know exactly what the job is like and can create proven materials, has been an extraordinary support for many teachers. I Creativity is a type of learning process where the teacher and pupil are located in the same individual i .- Arthur Koestler I We need to do a better job in teacher education of helping teachers adapt, remix, modify, and combine resources in novel ways; to really design a learning experience for their students. i - Leanna Archambault Introduction Our interviewee for this special issue is a scholar who is well known for her work in the field of online learning, Dr. Leanna Archambault. Recommendations for the Future Dr. Archambault believes that one of the most important things that educational scholars can do for the future is to nurture the instructional design skills of teachers by making it a part of teacher education programs. [Extracted from the article]

CAREGIVER attitudes, SERVICES for caregivers, RESEARCH, MOTHERS, CAREGIVERS, COUNSELING, DOWN syndrome, MEDICAL care, PATIENTS, BURDEN of care, QUALITATIVE research, SOCIOECONOMIC factors, PATIENT education, PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, and PSYCHOLOGICAL factors

Aim and Objective: This study aimed to explore how caregivers of persons with Down syndrome (DS) believe caring had an impact on their own lives. A secondary objective was to understand their experience of seeking educational, social, and health care services for the persons with DS. Methods: This qualitative exploratory study was conducted with 21 caregivers of persons with DS in Kuwait. Results: Caregivers struggled to accept the diagnosis initially that led them to search for answers to many of their concerns about raising a person with DS. For the caregivers, who mostly comprised of mothers, dealing with health conditions that persons with DS suffered from was initially difficult. Caring for these individuals led to heavy impact upon their caregivers' own lives who took extraordinary efforts to cope with the burden. Seeking quality education for the persons with DS and participation in social activities was also challenging, and the caregivers believed that better services, facilities, and benefits for the families of persons with DS may help them better cope with the socioeconomic and psychological burden. Conclusions: Improving the availability of specialized services, the delivery of guidance and counselling, and social integration may help overcome challenges of raising a person with Down Syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODY mass index, MIGRAINE, CROSS-sectional method, and UNIVERSITY hospitals

Introduction: Migraine is a highly prevalent condition, and prevalence of obesity is also increasing. Results of studies addressing association of body mass index (BMI) with migraine and its features are conflicting. In this cross-sectional study, we aim to assess association between BMI and various migraine features. Methods: This study was conducted in the Headache Clinic of King Fahd Hospital of University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Interviews were conducted by three consultant neurologists. Migraine was defined according to the International Headache Society and BMI was calculated as weight (kilograms)/height (m2). Results: Of total of 121 patients, 79% were female. Almost 87.6% of patients were taking prophylactic medications. Majority of patients had attack for more than 24 h (60.3%), pulsating character (81%), moderate-to-severe intensity (92.6%), associated with nausea and/or vomiting (75.2%), and photophobia/phonophobia (91.7%). About 29.8% of patients were normal weight, 28.1% were overweight, and 39.7% were obese and morbidly obese. There was insignificant association between various categories of BMI and features of migraine, that is, unilateral location (P = 0.385), pulsating character (P = 0.571), moderate-to-severe intensity (P = 0.187), nausea and/or vomiting (P = 0.582), and photophobia and/or phonophobia (P = 0.444). Conclusion: In our study, we did not find an association between BMI and various features of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

METHICILLIN-resistant staphylococcus aureus, BACTERIAL colonies, PERINEUM, TURNAROUND time, THROAT, NOSE, and VACCINATION

Enrichment culture (EC) remains gold standard for detecting MRSA colonisation, but molecular methods shorten turnaround time. The CE-marked automated Hologic Panther Fusion MRSA Assay (HPFM) is validated for nasal swabs. We compared HPFM with EC following an in-house PCR for detection of MRSA in nasal, pharyngeal, and perineal ESwabs. The same ESwabs were analysed using HPFM and inoculated in selective Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for overnight incubation. TSBs were screened by a PCR targeting nuc, femA, mecA, and mecC. Only samples with PCR results compatible with MRSA presence were inoculated onto 5% blood agar and chromogenic MRSA plates. HPFM detected MRSA in 103 of 132 EC positive samples indicating a sensitivity of 78.0% across sample types. When paired TSBs of 29 EC positive/HPFM negative samples were re-analysed by HPFM, MRSA was detected in 17/29 TSBs indicating that enrichment will increase the sensitivity of HPFM. HPFM analyses of cultured isolates from the remaining 12 EC positive/HPFM negative samples failed to detect orfX. HPFM reported the presence of MRSA in 22 samples where EC failed to identify MRSA. Fifteen of these ESwabs had been kept and direct culture without enrichment identified MRSA in seven samples. HPFM was useful for all sample sites. Compared to EC, the sensitivity of HPFM was limited because of lack of analytical sensitivity and failure to detect all MRSA variants. Failure of some MRSA-containing samples to enrich in cefoxitin-containing TSB indicates an unappreciated limitation of EC, which may lead to underestimation of the specificity of molecular assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GREY literature, CONFIDENCE intervals, and ELECTRONIC information resource searching

Background This study aimed to assess the reporting of the methodological quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic quantitative systematic reviews (SRs) and hence their reproducibility. Materials and methods A search of a single electronic database (Medline via PubMed) was undertaken to identify interventional orthodontic SRs with meta-analysis published within a 10-year period. The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews was also sourced. Full articles were reviewed by two assessors against the eligibility criteria. The reporting quality of each search strategy was assessed using a previously validated checklist with a score of 1 or 2 given for each of the eight items. Cumulative totals were calculated. Guided by previous research, the authors agreed the following cut-offs to categorize the overall level of quality: 8–10 (poor), 10–12 (fair), and greater than 13 (good). Results A total of 127 SRs were analysed. The overall median quality score for the reporting of the search strategy was 14 [interquartile range (IQR): 13–15]. Cochrane SRs and those originating in Europe received higher aggregate scores, whereas no difference was evident based on Prospero registration. The continent of the corresponding author predicated the overall score. Non-Cochrane reviews achieved lower overall scores compared to Cochrane reviews (−1.0, 95% confidence interval: −1.65, −0.34, P = 0.003). The most frequently searched database was EMBASE (N = 93) and the median number of authors was 5 (IQR 4–6). Authors of 26.8% of SRs searched the grey literature. Language restrictions were applied to the search strategies of 88 (69.3%) SRs. Conclusions The reporting quality of search strategies undertaken in orthodontic SRs is at a good level but differences between Cochrane and non-Cochrane reviews currently exist. The reporting of searching of the grey literature and application of no language restrictions can be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Road mitigation to reduce animal–vehicle collisions (AVCs) is usually based on analysis of road survey animal carcass data. This is used to identify road sections with high AVC clusters. Large mammals that are struck and die away from a road are not recorded nor considered in these analyses, reducing our understanding of the number of AVCs and the cost–benefit of road mitigation measures. Aims: Our aim was to develop a method to calculate a correction factor for large mammal carcass data reported through road survey. This will improve our understanding of the magnitude and cost of AVCs. Method: Citizen scientists reported animal carcasses on walking surveys along transects parallel to the highway and reported observations using a smartphone application at three sites over a 5-year period. These data were compared with traditional road survey data. Key result: We found that many large mammals involved in AVCs die away from the road and are, therefore, not reported in traditional road surveys. A correction factor of 2.8 for our region can be applied to road survey data to account for injury bias error in road survey carcass data. Conclusions: For large mammals, AVCs based on road survey carcass data are underestimates. To improve information about AVCs where little is known, we recommend conducting similar research to identify a correction factor to conventionally collected road survey carcass data. Implications: Identifying road mitigation sites by transportation agencies tends to focus on road sections with above-threshold AVC numbers and where cost–benefit analyses deem mitigation necessary. A correction factor improves AVC estimate accuracy, improving the identification of sites appropriate for mitigation, and, ultimately, benefitting people and wildlife by reducing risks of AVCs. There has long been concern about the number of unreported animal–vehicle collisions (AVC). We developed a method to calculate a correction factor to correct traditional AVC road survey data and account for unreported AVCs. In our case study, applying the correction factor increased the number of road sections where road mitigation is cost effective. Photograph by Gerry Smith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

VERTEBRAL artery, POLYCYTHEMIA vera, THROMBOSIS, ISCHEMIC stroke, HEART beat, STROKE, and VERTEBRAL artery dissections

Free-floating thrombus (FFT) of the cervicocranial arteries is a rare neurovascular condition. Up to now, there is no standardized definition for FFT. Therefore, FFT is occasionally mistaken for intraluminal thrombus (ILT) or smooth mural thrombus. The most precise and ideal definition of FFT would be a long-extended intraarterial thrombus that is attached to the arterial wall with its one end, while its other end is surrounded by blood flow and moves freely with the cardiac cycle. FFT usually manifests as an ischemic stroke, thus it is considered as an emergency case. Herein, we report a rare case of symptomatic FFT in the left vertebral artery extending from V0 to V2 segments in a middle-aged smoker, who presented with multiple embolic strokes in different territories of posterior circulation and was successfully treated medically. This case sheds light on the challenges of the clinical approach of FFT in the vertebral artery and it is an attempt to draw attention to the necessity of conducting a large-scale study to find out the ideal approach to manage such conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SPORTS sciences, CREATIVE ability, HUMAN mechanics, SPORTS, and SPORTS psychology

Our guest for this article was Dr. Daniel Memmert, Professor and Executive Head of the Institute of Exercise Training and Sport Informatics at the German Sport University Cologne, Cologne (Germany). A lifelong sports player and enthusiast, Memmert's research is at the intersection of human movement science (cognition and motor activity), sport psychology (attention and motivation), computer science in sports (pattern identification and simulation), talent, children and elite research (Trainings-/PE-Curricula) and research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MYOCARDIAL ischemia, CORONARY disease, CARDIAC patients, ARRHYTHMIA, HEART failure, and CORONARY artery disease

Background: Despite considerable progress in management over the recent years, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death. Objectives: to assess the different types of arrhythmias in patients with ischemic heart diseases in Taif city. Methods: A retrospective study was done on 529 patients from Taif, Saudi Arabia aged 30 to >75 years, of both genders and who had CAD, through the review of medical records of cardiac patients in AL Hada armed forces hospital. A checklist was used that included demographic features and risk factors for ischemic heart disease, symptoms of heart failure, medications that patients who had CAD used and types of arrhythmias. Results: All patients had a type of arrhythmia during their hospital stay. The main types of arrhythmias were AF (26.8 %), conduction disturbance (38.2%) and first-degree heart block (9.1 %). Patients who had STEMI with symptoms of heart failure and arrhythmias had a significantly higher percentage for the need of DC shock compared to other patients. Patients with UA who developed low EF were shown to be significant as regards arrhythmias rather than normal EF. The number of affected vessels had no effect on the development of arrhythmias during the acute stage. The development of arrhythmia that required DC shock was more common in STEMI patients especially those who developed heart failure symptoms. Conclusion: The need of assessment of heart failure symptoms and EF in patients with UA is essential to determine the need for implantable device insertion. Also, early administration of b-blocker decreases the risk of development of arrhythmia during an acute ischemic event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ONLINE information services, COVID-19, INFORMATION storage & retrieval systems -- Medical care, NEUROLOGICAL disorders, SYSTEMATIC reviews, TREMOR, GAIT disorders, PARKINSON'S disease, DELIRIUM, DEMENTIA, MEDLINE, COMORBIDITY, DELPHI method, HYPOKINESIA, and SYMPTOMS

Background: COVID-19 has affected global communities with multiple neurological complications in addition to other critical medical issues. COVID-19 binds to the host's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors, which are expressed in the neurons and glial cells, acting as an entry port to the central nervous system (CNS). ACE2 receptors are abundantly expressed on dopamine neurons, which may worsen the prognosis of motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). SARS-CoV-2 may lead to an indirect response via immune-mediated cytokine storms and propagate through the CNS leading to damage. In this systematic review, we aim to provide thorough analyses of associations between COVID-19 and neurological outcomes for patients with PD. Methods: Using PRISMA statement 2020, a systematic review was conducted to isolate confirmed COVID-19 patients and analyze the PD-associated neurological outcomes using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Cochrane databases. The following keywords were used "COVID19, SARS-CoV-2, Parkinson's disease, Pandemic, Mortality." A modified Delphi process was employed. Results: Of the 355 studies located during the initial round of screening, 16 were included in the final synthesis. Of PD patients who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, worsening motor symptoms and other viral-associated symptoms were reported. These symptoms included bradykinesia, tremors, gait disturbances, delirium and dementia, and severe spasms of arms and legs. Encephalopathy was presented in 2 of the included studies. Increased mortality rates were identified for hospitalized patients due to COVID-19 and PD as compared to other patient groups. Conclusion: Patients with PD may experience substantial worsening of symptoms due to COVID 19. Given the novelty of neurological-viral associations, clinical studies in the future ought to explore the disease severity and neurological outcomes in COVID-19 positive patients with PD as compared to non-PD patients, in addition to understanding the role of ACE2 in increased vulnerability to contracting the infection and as a treatment modality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOLID-phase synthesis, CHELATES, STABILITY constants, LIGANDS, PEPTIDE synthesis, and BRITANNIA metal

Hydroxypyridones (HOPOs) are an important class of chelating compounds. They bind strongly to hard metal ions such as Fe(III). Here we present the solid‐phase synthesis of peptides containing 1,2‐HOPO moieties linked through a carboxylic acid placed at position 4 of the ring. A total of four ligands were studied, two bidentate and two hexadentate. The latter were synthesized by both stepwise and convergent strategies. The ligands and their complexes were characterized from the physico‐chemical perspective. The pKa values for all ligands showed their total deprotonation at pH lower than the physiological pH. The formation constant of the Fe(III) complex (log β) ranged from 23.66, corresponding to ligand A, to 27.63, corresponding to ligand C. The pFe3+ at pH=7.4 revealed that ligands B and C had a strong iron affinity (26.91 and 28.58, respectively), thereby making them suitable for further study in therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19, STROKE, ISCHEMIC stroke, SARS-CoV-2, VIRUS diseases, and SKELETAL muscle injuries

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) due to novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to an unprecedented worldwide pandemic with diverse respiratory symptoms as well as systemic manifestations and complications. The neurological manifestations of COVID-19 include, but are not limited to, headache, cerebrovascular disease, and skeletal muscle injury. Case Report: Herein, we present a case of stroke with large vessel occlusion in a middle-aged man, who recently recovered from severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. This patient is not known to have any medical illness or surgical history and has no cerebrovascular risk factors. Moreover, the patient underwent extensive investigations, including neuroimaging, cardiac and laboratory work-up with no evidence of stroke etiology. Conclusion: The mechanism of cerebrovascular events in the setting of COVID-19 is still uncertain and probably multi-factorial. The prevailing hypothesis is a strong thrombotic tendency, which may even be prolonged after complete recovery. In our patient's case, hypercoagulability in the context of viral infection is the most likely mechanism for the stroke. Further studies are needed to find out the exact pathogenesis of thromboembolic events in the setting of COVID-19 infection as well as the efficacy, safety, dosage, and duration of anticoagulants in such conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LITERATURE reviews, CREATIVE ability, EDUCATIONAL technology, TECHNICAL literature, CONCEPTUAL models, and TECHNOLOGY transfer

Internationally, creativity is a widely discussed construct that is pivotal to educational practice and curriculum. It is often situated alongside technology as a key component of education futures. Despite the enthusiasm for integrating creativity with technologies in classrooms, there is a lack of common ground within and between disciplines and research about how creativity relates to technology in teaching and learning—especially in the uncertain space of classroom implementation. This article provides a critical thematic review of international literature on creativity and technology in the context of educational practice. We identify four essential domains that emerge from the literature and represent these in a conceptual model, based around: (1) Learning in regard to creativity, (2) Meanings of creativity, (3) Discourses that surround creativity, and (4) the Futures or impacts on creativity and education. Each of these clusters is contextualized in regard to emerging technologies and the developing scope of twenty-first century skills in classroom implementation. We offer conclusions and implications for research and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homme, Human, Hombre, Interaction sociale, Social interaction, Interacción social, Adolescent, Adolescente, Communication médiatisée ordinateur, Computer mediated communication, Communicación mediatizada computador, Comportement rendez vous, Dating behavior, Conducta cita, Messagerie instantanée, Instant messaging, Mensajería instantánea, Trouble du comportement social, Social behavior disorder, Trastorno comportamiento social, Violence, Violencia, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique, automatique theorique, systemes, Computer science, control theory, systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Troubles du comportement social. Comportement criminel. Délinquance, Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious form of youth violence that youth fairly commonly experience. Although youth extensively use computer-mediated communication (CMC), the epidemiology of CMC-based TDV is largely unknown. This study examined how perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC compares and relates to perpetration using longer-standing modes of communication (LSMC; e.g., face-to-face). Data from the national Growing up with Media study involving adolescents aged 14―19 collected from October 2010 to February 2011 and analyzed May 2012 are reported. Analyses focused on adolescents with a history of dating (n = 615). Forty-six percent of youth daters had perpetrated psychological TDV. Of those who perpetrated in the past 12 months, 58% used only LSMC, 17% used only CMC, and 24% used both. Use of both CMC and LSMC was more likely among perpetrators who used CMC than among perpetrators who used LSMC. In addition, communication mode and type of psychological TDV behavior were separately related to frequency of perpetration. Finally, history of sexual intercourse was the only characteristic that discriminated between youth who perpetrated using different communication modes. Results suggest that perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC is prevalent and is an extension of perpetration using LSMC. Prevention should focus on preventing perpetration of LSMC-based TDV as doing so would prevent LSMC as well as CMC-based TDV.

Activisme, Activism, Féminisme, Feminism, Internet, Mouvement, Movement, Notes de terrain, Fieldnotes, Prostitution, Réseau, Network, Trafic, Traffic, Tráfico, Feminist STS, Internet studies, Network studies, Sex trafficking, Ethnologie, Ethnology, Structure et relations sociales, Social structure and social relations, Relations sociales. Relation interculturelles et interethniques. Identité collective, Social relations. Intercultural and interethnic relations. Collective identity, Amérique, America, Cognition, Social anthropology and ethnology, and Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie

In this essay, we offer field notes from our ongoing ethnographic research on sex trafficking in the United States. Recent efforts to regulate websites such as Craigslist and Backpage have illuminated activist concerns regarding the role of networked technologies in the trafficking of persons and images for the purposes of sexual exploitation. We frame our understanding of trafficking and technology through a network studies approach, by describing anti-trafficking as a counter-network to the sex trafficking it seeks to address. Drawing from the work of Annelise Riles and other scholars of feminist science and technology studies, we read the anti-trafficking network through the production of expert knowledge and the crafting of anti-trafficking techniques. By exploring anti-trafficking activists' understandings of technology, we situate the activities of anti-trafficking experts and law enforcement as efforts toward network stabilization.

Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Etude d'ensemble, Library and information science. General aspects, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie. Evaluation, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics. Evaluation, Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics, Cognition, Documentation, Computer science, and Informatique

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately affect not only access to, but also use of information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate the information practices of a subcultural community whose activities are both stigmatized and of uncertain legal status: the extreme body modification community. We use the construct of information poverty to analyze the experiences of 18 people who had obtained, were interested in obtaining, or had performed extreme body modification procedures. With a holistic understanding of how members of this community use information, we complicate information poverty by working through concepts of stigma and community norms. Our research contributes to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups and to Internet studies research on how communities negotiate collective norms of information sharing online.