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Cognition, Computer science, Informatique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Recherche operationnelle. Gestion, Operational research. Management science, Recherche opérationnelle et modèles formalisés de gestion, Operational research and scientific management, Théorie du risque. Assurance, Risk theory. Actuarial science, Modèles d'entreprises, Firm modelling, Analyse risque, Risk analysis, Análisis riesgo, Contremesure, Countermeasurement, Contramedida, Détection défaut, Defect detection, Detección imperfección, Gestion organisation, Organization management, Gestión organización, Gestion risque, Risk management, Gestión riesgo, Intelligence en essaim, Swarm intelligence, Inteligencia de enjambre, Optimisation PSO, Particle swarm optimization, Optimización PSO, Prévention, Prevention, Prevención, Revenu économique, Income, Renta, Stratégie entreprise, Firm strategy, Estrategia empresa, Stratégie optimale, Optimal strategy, Estrategia optima, Optimisation par colonies de fourmis, Ant colony optimization, Algoritmo de las hormigas, Revenu financier, Ingresos, Ant Colony Optimization, Defect Detection and Prevention, Risk Reduction Leverage, Strategic Method, and Strategic Risk Reduction

Risk Management is one of the key cares of any organization strategic management; proper benefit of risk management is finding risks and their solutions. In this article, we will suggest a new Strategic Risk Reduction technique for producing optimal risk reduction strategies; which reduce risk exposure for expected income by allowing several countermeasures per risk rather than one countermeasure as previous works did. Our Strategic Risk Reduction will be optimized using Ant Colony Optimization approach.

Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique; automatique theorique; systemes, Computer science; control theory; systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Troubles du comportement social. Comportement criminel. Délinquance, Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Homme, Human, Hombre, Interaction sociale, Social interaction, Interacción social, Adolescent, Adolescente, Communication médiatisée ordinateur, Computer mediated communication, Communicación mediatizada computador, Comportement rendez vous, Dating behavior, Conducta cita, Messagerie instantanée, Instant messaging, Mensajería instantánea, Trouble du comportement social, Social behavior disorder, Trastorno comportamiento social, Violence, and Violencia

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious form of youth violence that youth fairly commonly experience. Although youth extensively use computer-mediated communication (CMC), the epidemiology of CMC-based TDV is largely unknown. This study examined how perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC compares and relates to perpetration using longer-standing modes of communication (LSMC; e.g., face-to-face). Data from the national Growing up with Media study involving adolescents aged 14―19 collected from October 2010 to February 2011 and analyzed May 2012 are reported. Analyses focused on adolescents with a history of dating (n = 615). Forty-six percent of youth daters had perpetrated psychological TDV. Of those who perpetrated in the past 12 months, 58% used only LSMC, 17% used only CMC, and 24% used both. Use of both CMC and LSMC was more likely among perpetrators who used CMC than among perpetrators who used LSMC. In addition, communication mode and type of psychological TDV behavior were separately related to frequency of perpetration. Finally, history of sexual intercourse was the only characteristic that discriminated between youth who perpetrated using different communication modes. Results suggest that perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC is prevalent and is an extension of perpetration using LSMC. Prevention should focus on preventing perpetration of LSMC-based TDV as doing so would prevent LSMC as well as CMC-based TDV.

Homme, Human, Hombre, Interaction sociale, Social interaction, Interacción social, Adolescent, Adolescente, Communication médiatisée ordinateur, Computer mediated communication, Communicación mediatizada computador, Comportement rendez vous, Dating behavior, Conducta cita, Messagerie instantanée, Instant messaging, Mensajería instantánea, Trouble du comportement social, Social behavior disorder, Trastorno comportamiento social, Violence, Violencia, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Informatique, automatique theorique, systemes, Computer science, control theory, systems, Logiciel, Software, Systèmes informatiques et systèmes répartis. Interface utilisateur, Computer systems and distributed systems. User interface, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Psychopathologie. Psychiatrie, Psychopathology. Psychiatry, Etude clinique de l'adulte et de l'adolescent, Adult and adolescent clinical studies, Troubles du comportement social. Comportement criminel. Délinquance, Social behavior disorders. Criminal behavior. Delinquency, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, PSYCHOPATHOLOGIE. PSYCHIATRIE, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious form of youth violence that youth fairly commonly experience. Although youth extensively use computer-mediated communication (CMC), the epidemiology of CMC-based TDV is largely unknown. This study examined how perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC compares and relates to perpetration using longer-standing modes of communication (LSMC; e.g., face-to-face). Data from the national Growing up with Media study involving adolescents aged 14―19 collected from October 2010 to February 2011 and analyzed May 2012 are reported. Analyses focused on adolescents with a history of dating (n = 615). Forty-six percent of youth daters had perpetrated psychological TDV. Of those who perpetrated in the past 12 months, 58% used only LSMC, 17% used only CMC, and 24% used both. Use of both CMC and LSMC was more likely among perpetrators who used CMC than among perpetrators who used LSMC. In addition, communication mode and type of psychological TDV behavior were separately related to frequency of perpetration. Finally, history of sexual intercourse was the only characteristic that discriminated between youth who perpetrated using different communication modes. Results suggest that perpetration of psychological TDV using CMC is prevalent and is an extension of perpetration using LSMC. Prevention should focus on preventing perpetration of LSMC-based TDV as doing so would prevent LSMC as well as CMC-based TDV.

Cognition, Documentation, Computer science, Informatique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Etude d'ensemble, Library and information science. General aspects, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie. Evaluation, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics. Evaluation, Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie, and Bibliometrics. Scientometrics

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately affect not only access to, but also use of information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate the information practices of a subcultural community whose activities are both stigmatized and of uncertain legal status: the extreme body modification community. We use the construct of information poverty to analyze the experiences of 18 people who had obtained, were interested in obtaining, or had performed extreme body modification procedures. With a holistic understanding of how members of this community use information, we complicate information poverty by working through concepts of stigma and community norms. Our research contributes to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups and to Internet studies research on how communities negotiate collective norms of information sharing online.

Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Sciences de l'information et des bibliothèques. Etude d'ensemble, Library and information science. General aspects, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie. Evaluation, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics. Evaluation, Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Bibliométrie. Scientométrie, Bibliometrics. Scientometrics, Cognition, Documentation, Computer science, and Informatique

When information practices are understood to be shaped by social context, privilege and marginalization alternately affect not only access to, but also use of information resources. In the context of information, privilege, and community, politics of marginalization drive stigmatized groups to develop collective norms for locating, sharing, and hiding information. In this paper, we investigate the information practices of a subcultural community whose activities are both stigmatized and of uncertain legal status: the extreme body modification community. We use the construct of information poverty to analyze the experiences of 18 people who had obtained, were interested in obtaining, or had performed extreme body modification procedures. With a holistic understanding of how members of this community use information, we complicate information poverty by working through concepts of stigma and community norms. Our research contributes to human information behavior scholarship on marginalized groups and to Internet studies research on how communities negotiate collective norms of information sharing online.

Réseau social, Social network, Red social, Vie privée, Private life, Vida privada, Vie publique, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Technologie de la communication et de l'information, Information and communication technologies, Technologies de l'information: supports, équipements, Information technologies: storage media, equipment, Applications (par exemple: numérisation,...), Applications (e.g. Digitizing,...), Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,...), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,...), Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Applications, Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,…), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,…), Sciences de l'information communication, and Documentation

[ point de vue ] Les nouveaux médias numériques ontsensiblementmodifiél'acceptiontraditionnelledes concepts de vie privée et de vie publique. Née du développement des réseaux sociaux, cette rupture a généré de nouvelles « sphères publiques médiatées » au sein desquelles se déploie désormais une part de notre vie quotidienne. Une évolution de l'espace public qui appelle un accompagnement des jeunes, particulièrement présents et investis dans ces réseaux numériques.

Information and communication sciences, Sciences de l'information communication, Documentation, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences et techniques communes, Sciences and techniques of general use, Sciences de l'information. Documentation, Information science. Documentation, Technologie de la communication et de l'information, Information and communication technologies, Technologies de l'information: supports, équipements, Information technologies: storage media, equipment, Applications (par exemple: numérisation,...), Applications (e.g. Digitizing,...), Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,...), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,...), Sciences de l'information et de la communication, Information and communication sciences, Applications, Ressources internet (portails, blogs, wikis,…), Internet resources (portals, blogs, wikis,…), Réseau social, Social network, Red social, Vie privée, Private life, Vida privada, and Vie publique

[ point de vue ] Les nouveaux médias numériques ontsensiblementmodifiél'acceptiontraditionnelledes concepts de vie privée et de vie publique. Née du développement des réseaux sociaux, cette rupture a généré de nouvelles « sphères publiques médiatées » au sein desquelles se déploie désormais une part de notre vie quotidienne. Une évolution de l'espace public qui appelle un accompagnement des jeunes, particulièrement présents et investis dans ces réseaux numériques.

Polymers, paint and wood industries, Polymères, industries des peintures et bois, Sciences exactes et technologie, Exact sciences and technology, Sciences appliquees, Applied sciences, Physicochimie des polymeres, Physicochemistry of polymers, Polymères organiques, Organic polymers, Préparation, cinétique, thermodynamique, mécanisme et catalyseurs, Preparation, kinetics, thermodynamics, mechanism and catalysts, Polymérisation, Polymerization, Oléfine polymère, Olefin polymer, Olefina polímero, Activité catalytique, Catalyst activity, Actividad catalítica, Base Schiff, Schiff base, Catalyseur complexe, Complex catalyst, Catalizador complejo, Chrome complexe, Chromium complex, Cromo complejo, Complexe chloro, Chloro complex, Complejo cloro, Coordinat tridenté, Tridentate ligand, Ligando tridentado, Ethylène polymère, Polyethylene, Etileno polímero, Etude expérimentale, Experimental study, Estudio experimental, Oligomérisation catalyseur complexe, Complex catalyst oligomerization, Oligomerización catalizador complejo, Paramètre cristallin, Lattice parameters, Parámetro cristalino, Polymérisation catalyseur complexe, Complex catalyst polymerization, Polimerización catalizador complejo, Pyridine dérivé, Pyridine derivatives, Piridina derivado, Structure cristalline, Crystalline structure, Estructura cristalina, Synthèse chimique, Chemical synthesis, Síntesis química, and Aluminoxane(méthyl)

A family of chromium complexes bearing tridentate pyridine-based ligands are disclosed as highly active precatalysts for the oligomerization of ethylene. The ligands are comprised of two distinct types: Type 1, in which both ketone groups of 2,6-diacetylpyridine are converted to imines to produce pyridine bisimine NNN ligands; and Type 2, in which only one ketone group of 2,6-diacetylpyridine is condensed with an aniline derivative to give monoimine NNO coordination sets. Ligands of either type are coordinated to chromium(II) or chromium(III) chlorides, and activation of the resultant complexes with methylaluminoxane (MAO) produces highly active ethylene oligomerization and polymerization catalysts. Catalysts of Type 1 (NNN set) generally produce 1-butene when only two ortho alkyl substituents are present but switch to making waxes or polyethylene when the size and/or number of ortho substituents are increased. Catalysts of Type 2 (NNO set) produce waxes and polyethylene under all of the substitution patterns studied. The butene-producing catalysts can make 1-butene with 99.5+% purity, and the wax-producing catalysts make highly linear to moderately branched waxes, depending on the presence of an α-olefin comonomer.