articles+ search results

Nanosponges, crosslinker, nanocarrier, cyclodextrin, analgesics, drug efficacy, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, and RM1-950

AbstractCyclodextrin nanosponges are solid nanoparticles, designed by cross-linking of cyclodextrin polymer; it has been used widely as a good delivery system for water insoluble drugs. The aim of this study is to enhance the solubility of Piroxicam (PXM) using β-Cyclodextrin based nanosponges formulations. PXM nanosponge (PXM-NS) formulations were prepared using β-cyclodextrin and carbonyldiimidazole as a cross linker, three ratios of β-cyclodextrin to crosslinker in addition to three drug to nanosponges ratios were tested. Piroxicam nanosponge formulations were characterized for its particle size, zeta potential, physical compatibility and in vitro release. Stability studies at three temperatures (4 °C, 25 °C and 40 °C) were done for optimal formula. Finally, the in vivo analgesic activity and pharmacokinetic parameters of the optimal formula were conducted. The optimized PXM-NS formula (PXM-NS10) showed particle size (362 ± 14.06 nm), polydispersity index (0.0518), zeta potential (17 ± 1.05 mV), and %EE (79.13 ± 4.33). The dissolution study showed a significant increase in the amount of PXM dissolved compared with the unformulated drug. Stability studies confirmed that nanosponge showed accepted stability for 90 days at 4 °C and 25 °C. In vivo analgesic studies verified that there was a significant enhancement in the analgesic response to PXM in mice, and 1.42 fold enhancement in the relative bioavailability of PXM-NS10 as compared to commercial tablets. Nanosponge prepared under optimal conditions is an encouraging formula for increasing the solubility and therefore the bioavailability of Piroxicam.

death, Jordan, metastasis, retinoblastoma, survival, Medicine (General), and R5-920

PurposeTo analyze causes and prognostic factors for death among Retinoblastoma (Rb) patients treated at a single specialized tertiary cancer center in Jordan.MethodsWe reviewed the mortality causes for all Rb patients who have been treated at the King Hussein Cancer Center between 2003 and 2019 and were followed for at least 3 years after diagnosis. The main outcome measures included demographics, laterality, tumor stage, treatment modalities, metastasis, survival, and causes of death.ResultsTwenty-four (5%) of the 478 patients died from retinoblastoma and 5-year survival was 94%. The mean age at diagnosis was 15 months (median, 18 months; range, 4–38 months); eight (33%) received diagnoses within the first year of life. Eleven (46%) were boys, 16 (67%) had bilateral disease, and 3 (13%) had a positive family history. The stage for the worst eye was C for 1 (4%) patient, D in 6 (25%) patients, and E (T3) in 15 (63%) patients. Two patients had extraocular Rb at diagnosis, and four of the patients who had intraocular Rb at diagnosis refused treatment and then came back with extraocular Rb. In total, extraocular disease was encountered in six eyes (six patients). After a 120-month median follow-up period, 24 patients (5%) died of second neoplasms (n = 3) or metastases (n = 21). Significant predictive factors for metastasis and death included advanced IIRC tumor stage (p

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), Vedolizumab, Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, 5- Aminosalicylates acid, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, and RM1-950

Introduction: Several studies have shown increased incidence, recurrence, and severity of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) over the last decade. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who develop CDI are more prone to morbidity and mortality than CDI in patients without IBD. This study seeks to evaluate whether IBD patients who use vedolizumab are at increased risk of CDI compared to IBD patients using other therapies. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study, and 684 patients with confirmed IBD (228 on vedolizumab, 228 on anti-TNF, and 228 on 5- Aminosalicylates acid therapy) were enrolled from January 2009 to August 2019 at a tertiary referral IBD center at McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC) in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was time to the development of CDI in IBD patients using different therapies. Secondary outcomes included rates of CDI and the association between baseline variables and risk of CDI. A Cox proportional hazards (PH) model was used to evaluate baseline factors and development of CDI. Result: There was no difference in time to CDI between the three treatment groups (log rank p-value 0.37). CDI occurred in 16 patients (2.3%), specifically four patients (1.75%) in the vedolizumab group, four patients (1.75%) in the anti-TNF group, and eight patients (3.5%) in the 5-ASA group. The Cox PH model found current smoking, older age, and concomitant immunomodulator use as risk factors for CDI, after adjustment for other covariates. Vedolizumab was not associated with increased risk of CDI in the model. Conclusion: Biologic therapy with vedolizumab or anti-TNF did not impact risk of CDI. Risk factors for CDI in IBD patients included smoking, older age at the onset of medication, and immunomodulator therapy. Clinicians should have high degree of suspicion for CDI in IBD patients presenting with diarrhea, particularly in those with risk factors identified in this study.

Analgesics, Pain, Suicide, Pregabalin, Gabapentin, Anticonvulsants, Public aspects of medicine, and RA1-1270

Summary: Background: Analgesics prescriptions may provide a marker for identifying individuals at higher risk of suicide. In particular, awareness of which analgesics are implicated may help clinicians assess and modify risk. Method: A case–control study in England using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (for primary care records) linked with hospital and national mortality electronic registries. We included patients aged ≥15 who died by suicide between 2001 and 2019 (N = 14,515), to whom we individually matched 580,159 controls by suicide date and general practice (N = 594,674). Odds ratios (ORs) for suicide, controlled for age and sex, were assessed using conditional logistic regression. Findings: Suicide risks were highest in those prescribed adjuvant analgesics (pregabalin, gabapentin and carbamazepine) (adjusted OR 4.07; 95% confidence intervals CI: 3.62–4.57), followed by those prescribed opioids (adjusted OR 2.01; 95% CI: 1.88–2.15) and those prescribed non-opioid analgesics (adjusted OR 1.48; 95% CI: 1.39–1.58) compared to those not prescribed these medications. By individual analgesic, the highest suicide risks were seen in patients prescribed oxycodone (adjusted OR 6.70; 95% CI: 4.49–9.37); pregabalin (adjusted OR 6.50; 95% CI: 5.41–7.81); morphine (adjusted OR 4.54; 95% CI: 3.73–5.52); and gabapentin (adjusted OR 3.12; 95% CI: 2.59–3.75). Suicide risk increased linearly with the number of analgesic prescriptions in the final year (p

Chemistry and QD1-999

Periodontal disease, Chronic migraine, Headache, Leptin, Chronification, Dentistry, and RK1-715

Migraine is a neurologic illness that produces intense throbbing pain on one side of the head and affects roughly 1 billion people worldwide. Recent research indicates a relationship between periodontitis and chronic migraines. This study aimed to review the association between chronic migraines and periodontitis through a systematic literature review.Four research databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, ProQuest, and SpringerLink) were searched according to PRISMA guidelines to retrieve the studies included in this review. A search strategy was developed to answer the study question with appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria. Out of 34 published studies, 8 studies were included in this review. Three of the studies were cross-sectional, 3 were case-control, and 2 were clinical report and medical hypothesis papers. Seven of the 8 included studies showed that there is an association between periodontal disease and chronic migraine. The elevated blood levels of some biomarkers such as leptins, ProCalcitonin (proCT), calcitonin gene-related peptides (CGRPs), Pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-like Weak Inducer Of Apoptosis (sTWEAK) play a significant role in this association. The limitations include a small sample size, the influence of anti-inflammatory drugs, and a self-reported headache measure that is subject to misclassification bias.This systematic review reveals a supposed correlation between periodontal disease and chronic migraine, as evidenced by various biomarkers and inflammatory mediators. This suggests that periodontal disease could potentially contribute to the development of chronic migraine. However, to further assess the potential benefits of periodontal treatment in patients with chronic migraine, additional longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes and interventional studies are needed.

electronic cigarettes, adults, dependence, harm, addictiveness, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, and RC254-282

Introduction Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have become one of the most common forms of nicotine delivery used by youth and young adults worldwide. Given the lack of epidemiologic data in Kuwait, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use, assess perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes, measure the level of dependence on e-cigarettes and assess factors associated with dependence level among adults. Methods A cross-sectional study enrolled adults (n=3032, aged ≥18 years) living in Kuwait using a web-based questionnaire. Participants self-reported ever and current (past 30-day) e-cigarette use and self-completed the 10-item Penn State E-cigarette Dependence Index. Associations were evaluated using multinomial logistic regression. Results The prevalence of ever and current e-cigarette use was estimated to be 40.2% (1220/3032) and 29.4% (892/3032), respectively. The prevalence of current e-cigarette use was higher in males compared to females (47.6% vs 14.4%, p

Epidermolysis bullosa, Supraglottic stenosis, Laryngeal manifestation, Otorhinolaryngology, and RF1-547

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of inherited disorders characterized by increased vulnerability to mechanical stress at the dermo-epidermal junction and basilar layer of the epidermis. Laryngeal EB involvement is a major and life-threatening manifestation of the disease. Due to the nature of EB, granulation tissue and stenosis can occur, usually at the glottic, subglottic, or supraglottic levels, as seen in our patients.We described cases in which four patients with EB presented with supraglottic stenosis and were managed at tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. The clinical and therapeutic characteristics of all patients are discussed.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Globally, COVID-19 affected radiopharmaceutical laboratories. This study sought to determine the economic, service, and research impacts of COVID-19 on radiopharmacy. This online survey was conducted with the participation of employees from nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceutical companies. The socioeconomic status of the individuals was collected. The study was participated by 145 medical professionals from 25 different countries. From this work, it is evident that 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG), and 99m Tc-labeled macro aggregated albumin 99mTc-MAA were necessary radiopharmaceuticals used by 57% (83/145and 34% (49/145;) respondents, respectively for determining how COVID infections affect a patient’s body. The normal scheduling procedure for the radiopharmacy laboratory was reduced by more than half (65%; 94/145). In COVID-19, 70% (102/145) of respondents followed the regulations established by the local departments. Throughout the pandemic, there was a 97% (141/145) decrease in all staffing recruitment efforts. The field of nuclear medicine research, as well as the radiopharmaceutical industry, were both adversely affected by COVID-19.

Choose a surgeon, Factors, Social media, surgeon's qualifications, Public attitudes, Surgery, and RD1-811

Aim: It is a complex decision for patients and their families to select a qualified surgeon who meets their needs. Understanding these needs enables surgeons to build stronger relationship with patients. This study aimed to identify influencing factors, variables, and criteria that individuals consider when selecting surgeons for elective surgeries. Methods: This is a nationwide cross-sectional study conducted among patients who have undergone elective surgeries in Saudi Arabia. The data were collected with an anonymous self-administered pre-validated questionnaire. The collection of data was carried out through web-based questionnaires using google forms. The questionnaire contains socio-demographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, education, etc.) and different factors to assess patients' perceptions in choosing a surgeon. Result: Patients' overall number was 3133 (56.2 % females vs 43.8 % males). The most common age group was 18 to 34 years old (63.7 %). The prevalence of patients who were able to choose the right surgeon to perform an operation was 79.8 %. Patients' top choice when selecting a surgeon was according to the surgeon's manner followed by the qualifications then the reputation. Females are choosing a surgeon according to his/her manner while males are choosing according to his/her qualifications. Conclusion: Surgeons' manner and qualifications are the most considered factors among when selecting a surgeon while the realistic factors such as accreditation of a facility and surgeon's scientific roles, quality improvement, and patient safety are ignored among the public. This requires condensed educational efforts and further research to determine the advertisements and social media effects on patients' decisions related to their health.

Social isolation, Depression, Socialization, Adolescents, Psychiatry, and RC435-571

Abstract Background Social isolation can be defined as the absence of social interactions, contacts, and relationships with family, friends, and neighbors. According to some studies, social isolation was associated with depressive symptoms. At least one out of every five teenagers suffer from a diagnosable mental health problem that impairs their function. Saudi Arabia has a significant adolescent population; however, there are few studies conducted in Saudi Arabia to assess social isolation and its psychological impact among adolescents. This research is intended to study the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents in Riyadh and its association with depression symptoms. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 483 adolescents living in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. An online self-administered questionnaire was used, and it was composed of three sections which are sociodemographic characteristics, assessment of social isolation, and assessment of depression symptoms. Results The study reported the prevalence of social isolation among adolescents was 10.14%. The prevalence of depression symptoms among adolescents was high (31.68%). There was a significant association between social isolation and symptoms of depression among the studied sample (χ 2 = 12.3, p = 0.002). It was found that being a male, living with both parents, and having low income are significant predictors of social isolation among adolescents; with r 2 = 0.08 and p-value

Nursing and RT1-120

Introduction Pregnancy is a significant transitional life experience. It can also be one of the most stressful experiences in life and some women go on to develop postpartum depression. Adopting mindfulness techniques during childbirth may allow women to experience less labor pain and require fewer medical interventions, which improve the mother's health. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness in reducing childbirth stress in primigravid women in Saudi Arabia. Methods The researcher recruited primigravid women from an antenatal clinic in a government hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The study adopted a qualitative interpretive descriptive design, using individual interviews to collect the data before conducting thematic content analysis using NVivo 10.1 software. Results Five key themes emerged from the data: (a) stress reduction, (b) recognition of thoughts and feelings, (c) life satisfaction, (d) insufficient knowledge leads to challenges, and (e) empowerment of a spiritual aspect. Conclusions Mindfulness is an effective technique that supports a mother's physical and psychological well-being.

Nursing and RT1-120

Introduction The postpartum period is accompanied by health risks that impact many women. Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mental health problem that has been neglected in maternal healthcare services. Objective The purpose of this study was to explore nurses’ perceptions towards health services’ contribution to lowering the incidence of PPD. Methods An interpretive phenomenological approach was adopted in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 10 postpartum nurses was interviewed face-to-face. The analysis followed Colaizzi's data analysis method. Results Seven main themes emerged on how to improve maternal health services to contribute to reducing the incidence of PPD among women: (1) maternal mental health, (2) follow-up of mental health status, (3) screening mental health status, (4) enhancing health education, (5) reducing stigma toward mental health, (6) updating resources, and (7) empowering nurses. Conclusion The integration of mental health services into maternal services that are provided to women needs to be considered in the context of Saudi Arabia. This integration will result in high-quality holistic maternal care.

self-healing concrete, finite element modeling, structural resilience, sustainability, Building construction, and TH1-9745

The formation of cracks in concrete structures occurs due to a multitude of causes ranging from shrinkage to external loading and environmental exposure. This phenomenon can significantly affect the lifecycle of concrete structures. Self-healing concrete (SHC) is considered a promoted innovation capable of overcoming this inevitable occurrence. In accordance with current SHC development processes, this paper utilizes the numerical simulation approach to test the performance of reinforced SHC beam specimens modeled using the commercial software ABAQUS 6.14 (Vélizy-Villacoublay, France). This paper aims to contribute to the scarce literature on SHC models by utilizing the overlooked dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) agent and ambiguous variability of crystalline admixtures. The SHC is introduced to the beam models at various depths and analyzed using load against displacement curves compared with a reference model of ordinary concrete. The effects of SHC on the mechanical properties of structural elements were determined. The results show a distinct improvement of the load-carrying capacity of SHC beams, indicating an efficient contribution of SHC in structural applications.

active stretching, pectoralis muscles, rounded shoulder posture, strength training, trapezius muscle, and Medicine

Background: The shortening of the pectoralis minor muscle (PMi-M) and weakening of the lower trapezius muscle (LTr-M) affect scapular movement, resulting in the development of a rounded shoulder posture and reduction in the shoulder flexion range of motion (SFROM). Objective: This study evaluated the combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching on correcting the rounded shoulder postures and SFROM among young Saudi females. Methods: This study was based on a two-arm parallel-group repeated measures randomized comparative design. A total of sixty female participants with rounded shoulder postures were recruited and randomly allocated into groups 1 and 2 (n = 30/group). Each group performed supervised PMi-M stretching; however, group 2 performed a combination of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching. The outcomes, including rounded shoulder posture and SFROM, were assessed using the pectoralis minor length test (PMLT) and universal goniometer. A repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare the differences within-group and between-group for the outcomes measures at one-week (baseline) pre-intervention, two weeks, and three -weeks post-intervention. The significance level was set at q > 2.00 and p < 0.05 for all respective statistical analyses. Results: The within-group comparison revealed significant improvements (q > 2.00) in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM when comparing their post-intervention scores to the baseline scores. The between-group comparison revealed a significant and an insignificant (q < 2.00) difference in the outcomes of PMLT and SFROM, respectively when comparing their scores at the second- and third-week post-intervention. Furthermore, the effect size of the intervention suggests an advantage of group 2 over group 1 in increasing the resting length of the PMi-M only among young Saudi females. Conclusions: The combined effect of LTr-M strengthening and PMi-M stretching was more beneficial than PMi-M stretching alone in correcting the rounded shoulder posture among young Saudi females by increasing PMi-M resting length. However, it could not yield a differential improvement in the SFROM outcome among them.

Pediatrics and RJ1-570

BackgroundDietary patterns and nutritional status during adolescence have a direct effect on future health outcomes. ObjectiveThis study aimed to promote fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents using a smartphone app called MyPlate. MethodsThis randomized intervention study was conducted in an urban area of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. We included 104 adolescents aged 13 to 18 years, who were randomized into intervention (n=55) or control (n=49) arms. We examined the effects of MyPlate on fruit and vegetable intake over 6 weeks in the intervention group. Pre- and postintervention questionnaires were used in the intervention and control groups. ResultsThe control group showed a significant increase in fruit consumption scores between baseline (1.15, SD 0.68) and postintervention (1.64, SD 0.98; P=.01), but no significant difference in vegetable consumption scores was observed before (1.44, SD 0.97) and after intervention (1.55, SD 0.90; P=.54). However, there was no significant difference between scores at baseline and after 6 weeks of using the smartphone app for fruit (1.48, SD 0.99 and 1.70, SD 1.11, respectively; P=.31) or vegetables (1.50, SD 0.97 and 1.43, SD 1.03, respectively; P=.30) in the intervention group. Our findings showed no significant impact of using a smartphone app on fruit and vegetable consumption. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a smartphone app did not significantly improve fruit and vegetable intake among adolescents. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05692765; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05692765

drugs, FDA, oligonucleotides, peptides, vutrisiran, gadopiclenol, Medicine, Pharmacy and materia medica, and RS1-441

A total of 37 new drug entities were approved in 2022; although that year registered the lowest number of drug approvals since 2016, the TIDES class consolidated its presence with a total of five authorizations (four peptides and one oligonucleotide). Interestingly, 23 out of 37 drugs were first-in-class and thus received fast-track designation by the FDA in categories such as breakthrough therapy, priority review voucher, orphan drug, accelerated approval, and so on. Here, we analyze the TIDES approved in 2022 on the basis of their chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, administration route, and common adverse effects.

decolonial design education, design pedagogy, minor gestures, decoloniality, critical pedagogy, Drawing. Design. Illustration, and NC1-1940

This paper lays out the groundwork for a concept we define as minor gestures within design education. Moving away from a conversation centered around decolonization—a term, we argue, that has been co-opted to become a placeholder for equality, diversity, and inclusion, and tick-box exercises within academic institutions— we assert that minor gestures create the conditions for meaningful conversations on what it actually means to move towards decolonizing design education. Using examples from our own pedagogical practices, we sketch out and outline a proposition for minor gestures as theory-in-the-making, or an incomplete pathway towards meaningful, structural change.

body positions, healthy adults, intra-ocular pressure, muslim prayer, salat, Ophthalmology, and RE1-994

Purpose: There is a lack of research examining the effects of Muslim prayer (Salat) positions on the intra-ocular pressure (IOP). Considering its involvement with postural changes, this study aimed to investigate the changes in the IOP upon assuming Salat positions before, immediately after, and after 2 minutes of prayer in healthy young adults. Methods: This prospective, observational study recruited healthy young individuals aged between 18 and 30 years. The IOP measurements were obtained in one eye using Auto Kerato-Refracto-Tonometer TRK-1P, Topcon at baseline before assuming prayer positions, immediately after, and after 2 minutes of the prayer. Results: Forty female participants were recruited, with a mean age of 21 ± 2.9 years, a mean weight of 59.7 ± 14.8 (kg), and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 23.8 ± 5.7 (kg/m2). Only 16% had a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n = 15). All participants started with a mean IOP at baseline of 19.35 ± 1.65 mmHg, which increased to 20 ± 2.38 mmHg and declined to 19.85 ± 2.67 mmHg after 2 minutes of Salat. The difference between the mean IOPs at baseline, immediately after, and after 2 minutes of Salat was not significant (p = 0.06). However, there was a significant difference between the baseline IOP measurements and those immediately after Salat (p = 0.02). Conclusion: A significant difference was found between the IOP measurements at baseline and immediately after Salat; however, this was not clinically significant. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these findings and explore the effect of a longer duration of Salat in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients.

Eastern Mediterranean region, honor killing, violence against women, femicide, homicide, and Medicine

Honor killing is a violent crime committed by one or more perpetrators, in which the crime’s intention is to restore honor to their family. In this narrative review, the authors investigate the epidemiology of honor killing in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Furthermore, the social, cultural, and legal aspects of honor killing are discussed. Numerous socio-cultural factors lead to the action of killing for honor in this region. They include deeply rooted patriarchal dominance, the desire to maintain social status, and being poorly educated. Honor killing perpetrators have similar characteristics, such as rating female chastity at a higher price and justifying violence against women. The impact of honor killing on family members is much greater than the perceived families’ beliefs of the community’s rejection of the female’s dishonorable behavior. Silence culture dominates these societies, and many crimes are under-reported in this region. Often, a judicial trial is not conducted for such heinous crimes. Penal code reforms, campaigns to promote human rights, steps to improve the education level, and active participation of civil society in condemning such crimes are a few essential measures that need to be considered in order to curb the social evil of honor killing.