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Engine electronic controllers, Cloud computing, Bayesian deep learning, Uncertainty, Reliability assessment, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, and TL1-4050

The reliability of an Engine Electronic Controller (EEC) attracts attention, which has a critical impact on aircraft engine safety. Reliability assessment is an important part of the design phase. However, the complex composition of EEC and the characteristic of the Phased-Mission System (PMS) lead to the difficulty of assessment. This paper puts forward an advanced approach, considering the complex products and uncertain mission profiles to evaluate the Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) in the design phase. The failure mechanisms of complex components are deduced by Bayesian Deep Learning (BDL) intelligent algorithm. And copious samples of reliability simulation are solved by cloud computing technology. Based on the result of BDL and cloud computing, simulations are conducted with the Physics of Failure (PoF) theory and Failure Behavior Model (FBM). This reliability assessment approach can evaluate MTBF of electronic products without reference to physical tests. Finally, an EEC is applied to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the method.

edge detection, skin cancer, computer-aided diagnosis, uncertainty, interval analysis, hukuhara difference, taylor inclusion functions, gaussian noise, Control engineering systems. Automatic machinery (General), TJ212-225, Automation, and T59.5

Early diagnosis of skin cancer from dermoscopy images significantly reduces the mortality due to this cancer. However, several reasons impact the system diagnosis precision. One of the important problems in this process happens during image acquisition. Often, in medical photography, there are some uncertainties like noises and brightness variations, initial digitalization and sampling which affect the image quality. This study presents a new approach for border detection of the cancer area by considering the uncertainties. Interval analysis is utilized to extend the proposed edge detection method and the Hukuhara method is utilized for developing the differentiation formula for edge detection in the interval space. Simulation results are applied to two different skin cancer atlas and the results are compared with three popular methods by considering two types of noises including Gaussian noise and salt-and-pepper noise. The results showed that the introduced method gives better results than the compared methods.

real option, survival analysis, timing of land development, timing of house sales, uncertainty, trading volume, Management. Industrial management, HD28-70, Finance, and HG1-9999

Based on the real option theory, this paper studies the impact of uncertainty on the timing decisions required in housing development and sales. Data of newly-built houses and corresponding plots in Hangzhou, China, are used for empirical analysis. In order to better reflect the changes in market demand under frequent policy intervention, in addition to the usual price volatility, this paper introduces the volatility of trading volume to measure the uncertainty of China’s real estate market. The results show that the volatility of trading volume has a significant impact on timing decisions. Also, trading volume volatility can better reflect the characteristic of deferred option than can price volatility, especially during the sales phase. This study provides evidence to support Bar-Ilan and Strange’s (1998) research of sequential investment. Because of the existence of the second option, i.e., sales timing, the starts in the first stage are not too sensitive to uncertainty. In the case of the second option, the longer the construction period is, and the lower the cost of the first stage is, the higher will be the probability of triggering the start. In addition, the characteristics of market risk aversion are obvious in the study area, especially in the suburban area. First published online 29 December 2020

intercultural engagement, uncertainty, anxiety, intercultural communication, intercul- tural competence, identity., Psychology, and BF1-990

Objective. Generalization of psychological approaches to the analysis of the effectiveness of inter- cultural interaction and their integration with related concepts, which will allowing to build an explanatory model for achieving the effectiveness of communication in a situation of intercultural communication. Background. In a traditional models of intercultural competence, the link in which a specific com- municative situation is analyzed is missing. For the issue related to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction, the most relevant is a model that focuses on the result of communication — the communica- tive theory of anxiety / uncertainty management by W. Gudikunst. The combination of communicative and competence-based approaches can bring theoretical analysis to a higher level of understanding and predicting intercultural interaction. This approach describes the process of ensuring intercultural communication as managing uncertainty and anxiety. The socio-psychological mechanisms underlying these processes can be described using the theory of Uncertainty-Identity by M. Hogg and the theory of Intergroup threat by W. Stephan and colleagues. In this case, a comprehensive model using communica- tive and socio-psychological approaches will allow us to analyze the mechanism by which intercultural competence contributes to intercultural efficiency. Methodology. Systematic approach, method of comparative analysis. Main conclusions. An integrative socio-psychological model for assessing and predicting the effec- tiveness of intercultural interaction allows us to build an adequate fundamental scientific rationale for studying the effectiveness of intercultural interaction in specific communicative situations.

competition, policy, uncertainty, dividend, pharmaceutical, economic, Industries. Land use. Labor, HD28-9999, Business, and HF5001-6182

Extant literature shows that competition and Economic Policy Uncertainty (EPU) have a bearing on the economic growth, investments and payout policies. However, studies in this area have been limited in India. The objective of this paper is to examine the influence of competition and EPU on the Dividend Payments of Indian Pharmaceutical Industry and whether the dividend payment was affected by the Financial Crisis of 2008/09. The study is conducted on 12-year data i.e. from 1.4.2007 to 31.3.2019. Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) is used to check the market concentration and EPU is measured by the newly developed Newspaper based EPU index. Profitability, leverage and firm size are used as control variables. Fixed Effects model in Panel regression is used. Chow test checks if there was any break in the dividend payment during the Financial Crisis. The study establishes that dividend payment is inversely related to industry concentration - when there is more competition, there is more dividend payment in the industry. Dividend payment is positively related to EPU. Higher the uncertainty, higher the dividend. While leverage is inversely related to dividend payment, size of the firm does not play any role. Chow test confirms that Financial Crisis did not influence the dividend payout.