articles+ search results

electricidad, energía hidroeléctrica, patrimonio industrial, electricity, hydroelectric power, and industrial heritage

Reseña de un libro sobre la principal obra hidráulica construida por la Mexican Light and Power a partir de 1903. La empresa fue fundada por Fred Stark Pearson para abastecer de energía eléctrica a Ciudad de México y al centro del país. El libro trata de valorar el patrimonio industrial del municipio en que se encuentra localizado, destacando su importancia para la identidad y el desarrollo, y colaborando con un proyecto colectivo de la comunidad local.
Review of a book about the main hydraulic work built by the Mexican Light and Power since 1903. The company was founded by Fred Stark Pearson to supply electricity to Mexico City and the center of the country. The book tries to assess the industrial heritage of the municipality in which it is located, highlighting its importance for identity and development, and collaborating with a collective project of the local community

Electricity, Magnetism, Conceptual understanding, Multiple-choice instrument, Reliability analysis, Electricidad, Magnetismo, Entendimiento conceptual, Instrumento de opciones múltiples, and Análisis de confiabilidad

The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) has been widely used in the field of physics education. However, to date, no study presents a version of the test in Spanish. This article has three general objectives: 1) to present the CSEM in Spanish and analyze its reliability and discriminatory power, 2) to perform a detailed analysis of the most frequent difficulties of the students in the concepts evaluated in the test, and 3) to establish recommendations for research and instruction of these concepts. The test was implemented to 310 students who finished an Electricity and Magnetism course in a Mexican university. Researchers or physics professors from Spanish-speaking countries may use the test in Spanish that we present in the PhysPort project (physport. org); and the analysis and recommendations for instruction in this study.
La prueba The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) ha sido ampliamente utilizada en el área de la educación de la física. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no existe un estudio que presente el test en su versión en español. Este artículo tiene tres objetivos generales: 1) presentar el CSEM en su versión en español y analizar la confiabilidad y poder discriminatorio de este, 2) realizar un análisis detallado de las dificultades más frecuentes de los estudiantes en los conceptos evaluados en el test y 3) establecer recomendaciones para la investigación e instrucción de estos conceptos. El test fue implementado a 310 estudiantes que terminaban el curso Electricidad y Magnetismo de una universidad mexicana. El test en su versión en español, que presentamos en el proyecto Physport (physport. org), los análisis y las recomendaciones para la instrucción pueden ser utilizados por investigadores o por profesores de física de países hispanohablantes.

gas, electricidad, historia empresarial, Gas, Electricity, and Business history

El artículo aborda la trayectoria de Gaz Franco-Belge. Robert Lesage et Cie. (Cie. Franco-Belge), fundada en Bélgica en 1880, en Sanlúcar de Barrameda. En 1883, se inauguró la iluminación pública de gas y en 1919 cesó su actividad. Esta iniciativa corresponde a una generación efímera de empresas gasistas de matriz extranjera de ámbito municipal. En apariencia, se inscribiría en una tanda de inversiones poco razonables en mercados urbanos insuficientemente desarrollados, que acabaron de liquidar la competencia con la electricidad y las restricciones a las industrias consumidoras de carbón durante la Gran Guerra. Aquí, se defiende que el "privilegio" exclusivo de iluminación pública fue en realidad una condena en tanto el Consistorio se convirtió en el usuario principal y, al mismo tiempo, en la única fuente de regulación del mercado gasista en la ciudad. Sin intención ni de aumentar los impuestos ni de pagar este servicio público, se anclaba a las empresas concesionarias a negocios poco rentables, en localidades con rentas medias bajas.
This article focuses on the trajectory of Gaz Franco-Belge. Robert Lesage et Cie (Cie Franco- Belge), founded in Belgium in 1880, in Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Public gas lighting was inaugurated in 1883 and the company ceased its activity in 1919. This initiative may be included in an ephemeral generation of foreign companies in charge of municipal lighting. Apparently, these foreign direct investments were unreasonable where urban markets were underdeveloped. Competition with electricity and the restrictions on coal consumption during World War I finished with these firms. Actually, the exclusive “privilege” of public lighting was a sentence as long as the town Hall became both the main user and the only source of market regulation. Without any intention of either raising taxes or paying for this public service, the councils anchored concessionaires companies to unprofitable businesses, in localities with a very low income average.

Gas, electricidad, consumo, España, Electricity, Consumption, and Spain

En este trabajo se aborda el estudio de dos energías básicas, gas y electricidad, desde la perspectiva de la demanda y bajo un enfoque comparativo. La fuente a utilizar será la Estadística del Impuesto sobre el consumo de luz de gas, electricidad y carburo de calcio, complementada/contrastada con otras (Estadística Minera, Datos estadísticos técnicos de las fábricas de gas españolas, monografías locales, etc.). Los principales aspectos que se tratarán serán su difusión geográfica, incardinándola en la modernización de las estructuras urbanas, y los niveles de gasto energético, insertado a su vez en los cambios generales de las pautas de consumo, ambos desde una doble perspectiva espacial y temporal. Todo ello se llevará a cabo en un marco cronológico clave, el primer tercio del siglo XX, lo que permitirá abrir nuevas perspectivas y debates acerca del modo concreto en que se llevó a cabo en España el proceso de transición energética del gas a la electricidad.
This paper deals with the study of two basic energies, gas and electricity, from a demand perspective, and under a comparative approach. The source that will be used is the Estadística del impuesto sobre el consumo de luz de gas, electricidad y carburo de calcio, which is complemented/ contrasted with others (Estadística Minera, Datos estadísticos técnicos de las fábricas de gas españolas, local monographs, etc). The main issues will be their geographical diffusion, placing it in the context of the modernization of urban structures, as well as the levels of energy expenditure, which are linked to the global changes in consumption patterns, both from a spatial and temporal perspective. All this will be carried out in a chronological framework, over the first third of the twentieth century, which will open new perspectives and debates about the specific way in which the process of energy transition from gas to electricity was carried out in Spain.

Electricidad, sistemas de tarificación, precios, España, siglo xx, Electricity, Rate Systems, Tariffs, Spain, and 20th Century

En 1934, 672 empresas eléctricas de toda España publicaron en los Boletines Oficiales provinciales y en el Butlletí Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya sus precios de venta de la energía destinada a fuerza. Estos datos nos permiten disponer de una información muy completa de los sistemas tarifarios utilizados por los productores y distribuidores de electricidad antes de la guerra civil así como también de los precios máximos y de los descuentos que ofrecían a sus clientes. En este artículo se analizan los precios y descuentos publicados desde una doble perspectiva, empresarial y territorial, con objeto de conocer el precio de la energía eléctrica para usos industriales en la España del momento. Las notables diferencias observadas en el precio de venta del kWh reflejan la existencia de un mercado eléctrico escasamente integrado y el importante papel que seguían desempeñando los pequeños y medianos productores y distribuidores de energía a la hora de suministrar fluido a miles de empresas de todo el país en vísperas de la Guerra Civil.
In 1934, a total of 672 electricity companies from all over Spain made public in the Boletines Oficiales of the provinces and in the Butlletí Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya their rate systems and selling prices for power. These data provide comprehensive information about the diverse pricing system used by producers and distributors of electricity in Spain before the Civil War as well as the maximum prices and discounts offered from them to their clients. This paper analyses these prices and discounts from a business and territorial point of view. The remarkable differences in the selling price of kWh among firms and places reflect the existence of a poorly integrated electricity market and the important role small and medium producers and distributors of energy still played when supplying electricity to thousands of consumers around the country on the eve of the Civil War.

llibres de text, electricitat, anàlisi del llenguatge, educació intercultural, textbooks, electricity, language analysis, intercultural education, libros de texto, electricidad, análisis del lenguaje, and educación intercultural

Aquesta tesi se centra essencialment en l'estudi de dues variables: el llenguatge de dos llibres de text quant a si afavoreix o no la comprensió explicativa, i les respostes dels estudiants quan s'utilitzen altres fonts d'informació complementària. La mostra pertany a dos països: Canadà i Pakistan, i com a metodologia es va utilitzar l'anàlisi documental i un disseny quasiexperimental. Els resultats apunten a la necessitat de millorar els llibres de text i el seu ús.
This thesis focuses primarily on the study of two variables: the language of two textbooks as to whether or not favors explanatory understanding, and the responses of the students when they use other sources for additional information. The sample belongs to two countries: Canada and Pakistan, and document analysis as a methodology and a quasi-experimental design was used. The results point to the need to improve textbooks and usage.
La presente tesis se centra esencialmente en el estudio de dos variables: el lenguaje de dos libros de texto en cuanto a si favorece o no la comprensión explicativa, y las respuestas de los estudiantes cuando utilizan otras fuentes de información complementaria. La muestra pertenece a dos países: Canadá y Pakistán, y como metodología se utilizó el análisis documental y un diseño cuasiexperimental. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de mejorar los libros de texto y su uso.

Guerra Civil Española, Electricidad, Producción, Historia empresarial, Spanish Civil War, Electricity, Production, and Business History.

La historia de la Compañía Eléctrica Mengemor durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) es interesante, ya que era una de las grandes eléctricas del país, y su dirección e instalaciones quedaron divididas hasta el final de la contienda, y buena parte de las mismas en el frente de batalla. Para cada bando (el republicano y el nacional) analizaré: quiénes y cómo la dirigieron, el estado de las instalaciones, cómo se repararon y la electricidad producida. En general, ésta creció en ambas zonas, gracias a la gestión realizada y los escasos daños sufridos.
The history of the electric company Mengemor during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) is interesting in that it was one of the main electric companies in Spain, and its management and installations were divided during the conflict, and a large part of these were on the front line. For each side in the conflict (the republicans and the nationalists) the following will be analyzed: how they were managed and by whom, the state of the installations, how they were repaired, and the electricity which was produced. In general, production grew in both zones. This can be explained by good management and the scarce damage inflicted on the installations.

Social Sciences, Economics and Business, Economic History, Samhällsvetenskap, Ekonomi och näringsliv, Ekonomisk historia, energy, labour, heating, coal, oil, electricity, environment, Norrbotten, Sweden, and ekonomisk historia

This article examines the timing, scale and cause of transitions between different kinds of household energy use and especially heating in northern Sweden, with a focus on Norrbotten, between the late nineteenth century and 1970. It examines the related but separate histories of the adoption of new heating technologies, such as stoves and boilers, and the choice of fuels, such as firewood, coke, oil, and electricity, providing new data on the scale of consumption and timing of transition. The article demonstrates the important linkage between domestic fuel choice and labour markets, whether labour in farm and forest affecting stove use in the nineteenth century, or increased female labour participation outside the home and rising wages in the twentieth. The article goes beyond discussions of price and technology to consider the wider contexts of domestic use not only in terms of home life, but also industrial development and labour markets in northern Sweden.

Energiteknik, Energy Engineering, CAPTURE, OXY-FUEL COMBUSTION, PULVERIZED COAL, DIFFERENT RANKS, Ignition, Oxyfuel, PYROLYSIS, Devolatilization, CO2, Fluidized bed, GASIFICATION, O-2/CO2 atmosphere, ELECTRICITY, CHAR PARTICLES, HYDROGEN-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS, and DEVOLATILIZATION

Single coal particle ignition behavior was studied in a two-dimensional (200 mm x 20 mm x 400 mm) fluidized bed under O-2/N-2 and O-2/CO2 atmosphere with O-2 volume concentration in the range of 0-40%, by a combination of visual observation of the volatile flame and measurement of the particle center temperature. A piece of transparent quartz glass was used as the front wall of the fluidized bed to allow visual observation. The investigated fuel particles were spherical sub-bituminous coal particles with diameter in a range of 6-13 mm, which were artificially carved from selected original coal particles. The volatile combustion flame was recorded by a color video camera to analyze its ignition time delay and extinction behavior. The temperature in the particle center was measured by a very thin thermocouple to follow the particle heating process. Results indicate that under O-2/CO2 atmosphere the ignition delay time is much longer than in O-2/N-2 atmosphere. The devolatilization process is controlled by internal and external heat transfer but it is almost unaffected by atmosphere at the same O-2 concentration. The effect of volatile combustion on heating and extinction delay time can be neglected for larger coal particles.

energy security, China, energy supply chains, oil, coal, electricity, Samhällsvetenskap, Annan samhällsvetenskap, Tvärvetenskapliga studier inom samhällsvetenskap, Social Sciences, Other Social Sciences, and Social Sciences Interdisciplinary

Energy policies in China, the world’s largest energy consumer, are an important factor in shaping the 41 global energy system. While scholars agree that energy security is a major driver of China’s energy 42 policies, there is insufficient understanding of what exactly constitutes China’s energy security from the 43 policy perspective. We apply recent insights from the Global Energy Assessment, particularly the idea 44 of vital energy systems, and the securitization theory to propose a framework for explaining China’s 45 energy security policies in their historic evolution. We pay specific attention to explaining how particular 46 energy supply chains are constructed and securitized. We draw data from over 300 Chinese and over 100 47 English publications and 30 interviews with energy officials and experts in China. We demonstrate that 48 China’s focus on vulnerabilities of its oil supply chain at the expense of improving the reliability of domes- 49 tic electricity supply is not accidental. It has its roots in historic events, properties of energy systems, as 50 well as the presence of powerful institutional agents interested in securitizing the oil supply chain but 51 not other vital energy systems. We suggest that this focus on the oil supply chain is likely to be maintained 52 in the future, possibly accompanied by increasing concerns over natural gas supply chains. Our proposed 53 framework for energy security policy analysis can be used for other countries and jurisdictions.

Engineering and Technology, Environmental Engineering, Energy Systems, Teknik och teknologier, Naturresursteknik, Energisystem, Social Sciences, Economics and Business, Economics, Samhällsvetenskap, Ekonomi och näringsliv, Nationalekonomi, Renewable energy, Electricity, Green certificates, and Emissions trading

The European Union's Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) and the Swedish-Norwegian Tradable Green Certificate System (Swedish-Norwegian TGC system) are two market-based instruments that have the overlapping goals to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by shifting economies to cleaner energy sources. Understanding the price signals and interactions of these two newly created markets is essential for all decision makers – regulators and direct market participants – who aim to reach the predefined policy goals in the most efficient manner. The interaction between these policy instruments has been widely examined from the theoretical perspective. This research contributes to the literature by empirically examining the interplay between the prices of three markets: (1) the price of tradable green certificates (TGC) in the Swedish-Norwegian TGC system, (2) the price of carbon in the EU ETS and (3) the price of electricity in the Nord Pool. We use a multivariate vector-autoregressive (VAR) approach to take into account the endogenous relationships between these prices. Our empirical results do not support the theoretical considerations that the impacts of carbon prices on TGC prices and hence on renewable electricity production are negative. Contrary, we find that, to date, increases in carbon prices positively affect TGC prices in the short run.

Engineering and Technology, Environmental Engineering, Energy Systems, Teknik och teknologier, Naturresursteknik, Energisystem, Bioenergiteknik/Energi- och Miljöteknik, Bioenergy Technology, Poly-generation, Biogas, Cooking fuel, Electricity, and Water

The ultimate goal of this paper is to explore ways to upgrade energy and water services in rural areas of Bangladesh while improvingresource recovery. The study analyzes the potential of a poly-generation system using locally availablebiomass resources(cow dung and agriculture residue) for providing cooking energy, electricity, and drinking water to a rural community. Aquestionnaire surveywas conducted in Pani Para village with 52 households to investigate demand patterns and estimate the resource potential and amount ofbiogasneeded in the poly-generation system. A poly-generation system with 150 m3biogasdigesterand a 10 kWe generator is required to meet cooking energy, electricity andwater demandin the village. Co-digestion of available resources including cow dung and agriculture residues can provide 48,250 m3biogas/year, which is sufficient tosupply electricityand clean drinking water to all households in the village. In addition, around two thirds of the households can use biogas for cooking. Thesensitivity analysisshows that if the amount of agriculture residues is increased by 15%, also cooking gas can be provided to all households. The results indicate that such integrated solutions are worth further exploration.

Engineering and Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Energy Engineering, Teknik och teknologier, Maskinteknik, Energiteknik, Dynamic performance, Heat pump, Loss of load probability, Space heating, Standalone system, Sweden, Wind power, Natural Sciences, Chemical Sciences, Naturvetenskap, Kemi, Climate change, Computer aided software engineering, Electric batteries, Electric load loss, Energy utilization, Heat pump systems, Heating, Probability, Pumps, Thermal comfort, Wind turbines, Feasibility studies, Heat pumps, Reducing energy consumption, Set-point temperatures, Standalone systems, Use of renewable energies, alternative energy, building, electricity, equipment, feasibility study, performance assessment, pump, simulation, temperature effect, and wind turbine

Reducing energy consumption and increasing the use of renewable energy in the building sector are crucial to the mitigation of climate change. Wind power driven heat pumps have been considered as a sustainable measure to supply heat to the detached houses, especially those that even do not have access to the electricity grid. This work is to investigate the dynamic performance of a heat pump system driven by wind turbine through dynamic simulations. In order to understand the influence on the thermal comfort, which is the primary purpose of space heating, the variation of indoor temperature has been simulated in details. Results show that the wind turbine is not able to provide the electricity required by the heat pump during the heating season due to the intermittent characteristic of wind power. To improve the system performance, the influences of the capacity of wind turbine, the size of battery and the setpoint of indoor temperature were assessed. It is found that increasing the capacity of wind turbines is not necessary to reduce the loss of load probability; while on the contrary, increasing the size of battery can always reduce the loss of load probability. The setpoint temperature clearly affects the loss of load probability. A higher setpoint temperature results in a higher loss of thermal comfort probability. In addition, it is also found that the time interval used in the dynamic simulation has significant influence on the result. In order to have more accurate results, it is of great importance to choose a high resolution time step to capture the dynamic behaviour of the heat supply and its effect on the indoor temperature.

Energiteknik, Energy Engineering, air-pollution, generation, electricity, mitigation policies, Climate policy, Ancillary benefits, Swedish energy system, and impacts

It is increasingly recognised that GHG reduction policies can have important ancillary benefits in the form of positive local and regional environmental impacts. The purpose of this paper is to estimate the domestic ancillary pollution benefits of climate policy in Sweden, and investigate how these are affected by different climate policy designs. The latter differ primarily in terms of how the country chooses to meet a specific target and where the necessary emission reductions take place. The analysis relies on simulations within the energy system optimisation model TIMES-Sweden, and focuses on four non-GHG pollutants: Nitrogen Oxides (NO(x)), Non Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOC), inhalable particles (PM(2.5)), and Sulphur dioxide (SO(2)). The simulations permit detailed assessments of the respective technology and fuel choices that underlie any net changes in the estimated ancillary effects. The results indicate that the ancillary benefits constitute a far from insignificant share of total system costs, and this share appears to be highest in the scenarios that entail the largest emission reductions domestically. This result reflects the fact that carbon dioxide emission reductions abroad also implies a lost opportunity of achieving substantial domestic welfare gain from the reductions of regional and local environmental pollutants.

Teknik, Industriell bioteknik, Bioenergi, Engineering and Technology, Industrial Biotechnology, Bioenergy, Miljöbioteknik, Annan miljöbioteknik, Environmental Biotechnology, Other Environmental Biotechnology, Animal fodder, Biogas, Electricity, Fertilizer, LCA, Open burning, Rice straw, and Teknik och teknologier

The aim of this study is to find potential utilization practice of rice straw in India from an environmental perspective. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is conducted for four most realistic utilization practices of straw including: (1) incorporation into the field as fertilizer (2) animal fodder (3) electricity (4) biogas. The results show that processing of 1 ton straw to electricity and biogas resulted in net reduction of 1471 and 1023 kg CO2 eq., 15.0 and 3.4 kg SO2 eq. and 6.7 and 7.1 kg C2H6 eq. emissions in global warming, acidification and photochemical oxidation creation potential respectively. Electricity production from straw replaces the coal based electricity and resulted in benefits in most of the environmental impacts whereas use as an animal fodder resulted in eutrophication benefits. The burning of straw is a harmful practice of managing straw in India which can be avoided by utilizing straw for bioenergy.