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ELECTRIC power, ENERGY policy, and RENEWABLE energy sources

The reliability of electricity supply was at the forefront of political debate in postwar New South Wales. Government-mandated power restrictions, load-shedding, and the resulting blackouts were increasingly frequent and widespread. Sound technical recommendations to resolve the effects of a fragmented industry had floundered on a lack of a political catalyst to establish central ownership and operational control of the industry. By 1950, an ineffective energy policy, ageing equipment that was unable to supply the increasing demand, inadequate maintenance, and wartime restrictions on the availability of new plant, contributed to a 30 per cent shortfall in electricity supply. Combined with a looming state election, these factors provided the political catalyst for the government to implement an energy policy to centralise the industry in May 1950 and resolve the crisis by late 1953. Resolution of the New South Wales (NSW) postwar energy crisis and the south-east Australian energy impasse of the twenty-first century were, and are, reliant on an appropriate political response and the appropriate management of technology. In the 1940s, the central problem was the lack of generation capacity; in the twenty-first century, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources is the core issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC power distribution, ENERGY consumption, ELECTRIC utilities, PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRICITY

This paper evaluates the economic (electric power rates and utilities revenues), environmental (GHG emissions), social (job creation) and political (tax collection) impacts of a wider diffusion of photovoltaic distributed generation (PVDG) and energy efficiency (EE) measures on the markets of electric power distribution utilities in Brazil. The impacts are calculated for three substantially different power distribution utilities, which are representative of the types of utilities found in the country. Key indicators were selected to reflect the main interests of the following stakeholders: power distribution utilities, the government (Federal, State and Municipal) and low-voltage consumers. The results show that the most important issues that should be addressed concerning a large diffusion of EE measures are tax collection and tariff rises. The simulations show that tariff rises can be hampered by EE actions targeted to specific locations and specific actions. The most important impact of PVDG diffusion is on tariff rises, considering the current regulatory framework in the country. On the other hand, the net jobs creations of EE measures and, particularly, PVDG are significant and the cost of job creation in relation to fiscal waiver by investment on PVDG is cost-effective. The GHG emissions avoided by the higher levels of PVDG and EE in 2040, simulated in this study, showed to be significant for both EE measures and PVDG. • Description of Key indicators selected to reflect the main interests of utilities, the government and consumers. • Quantify impacts on indicators. • Analysis and discussion of impacts on indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC power systems, BUILDING-integrated photovoltaic systems, ELECTRIC generators, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, and UNCERTAINTY

Abstract This paper explores electricity planning strategies in South Sudan under future conflict uncertainty. A stochastic energy system optimization model that explicitly considers the possibility of armed conflict leading to electric power generator damage is presented. Strategies that hedge against future conflict have the greatest economic value in moderate conflict-related damage scenarios by avoiding expensive near-term investments in infrastructure that may be subsequently damaged. Model results show that solar photovoltaics can play a critical role in South Sudan's future electric power system. In addition to mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and increasing access to electricity, this analysis suggests that solar can be used to hedge against economic losses incurred by conflict. While this analysis focuses on South Sudan, the analytical framework can be applied to other conflict-prone countries. Highlights • We explore South Sudan electricity planning strategies under conflict uncertainty. • Stochastic optimization is used to produce a near-term hedging strategy. • Analysis considers key uncertainties that could affect planning outcomes. • Conflict hedging has the least economic value under the most extreme scenarios. • Solar photovoltaics may be an attractive hedge against future conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EQUALITY, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, LIQUEFIED petroleum gas, and INDIA -- Scheduled tribes

This paper examines the role of caste, tribe, and religion in determining energy inequality in India. We provide evidence by using the National Sample Survey Organisation data from the 68th round (2011 − 12) of 87,753 households. We estimate the inequalities in access to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) and electricity usage by the households belonging to the three major disadvantaged groups in India, viz., the scheduled castes, the scheduled tribes, and the Muslims. The results of our empirical analysis suggest that, after controlling for the determinants which impinge on the households' microeconomic demand and regional supply characteristics, the households belonging to the scheduled tribe and scheduled caste communities do have significantly poorer access to LPG and electricity usage as compared to the upper caste households. The decomposition analysis of average differences in the predicted outcomes shows that it is the scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households who would appear to face most discrimination. The Muslim households too face significant inequality in accessing LPG. Policy implications of the findings are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BUILDING design & construction, COMMERCIAL building energy consumption, GEOMETRY, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRICITY

Typical geometry construction for energy models involves tedious line and plane drawing, which significantly slows down model creation when a simple energy model is desired. However, most buildings can be approximated as basic shapes, suggesting a way to make this process much faster. This study uses 14 basic shapes derived from a review of university campus buildings and the Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS). These basic shapes cover more than eighty percent of buildings on the demonstration campus, with the rest modeled by a combination of shapes or a custom polygon. The basic shape, number of floors, floor height, perimeter zone depth, window to wall ratios, and window type are all that are needed to quickly generate the geometry for an energy model with the OpenStudio API. This method is demonstrated for neighborhoods at the University of Maryland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRICITY, COST allocation, ELECTRIC power production, SOLAR energy, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRIC power conservation

• Future scenarios, based on interviews with relevant players, point to a strong role of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. • The majority of the Interviewees think that Brazil's energy governance should have more independence to set long-term policies. • Intermittent supply and costs allocation related to the integration of solar energy into the grid is perceived as a challenge. Brazil generates 160 GW of electric power and distributes it over a 10,000 Km transmission network. Its integrated model allows for optimization among generation sources and the regional use along a wide geographical extension covering the entire country. The recent inclusion inside the grid of renewable sources, such as wind and solar, has posed technical challenges related to the consequences of the intermittent supply and the related impact on cost allocation. Due to its size and structure, the Brazilian electricity market represents an investigation testbed of a potential global paradigm shift related to the growth of renewable sources in the grid alongside traditional ones. In this work, the connections among key-players of the electricity market were mapped and based on the resulting ecosystem chart, future scenarios were built using stakeholders' perceptions. Key actors in the electricity market were interviewed, and the two major uncertainties perceived were identified and used to create a two-driver matrix consisting of the country's development policies and electric energy policies. The four possible scenarios obtained from the matrix make evident the central role of photovoltaic (PV) electricity generation in shaping the market. Remarkably, the interviewees do not unanimously perceive climate change and its effects on local climate as a fact acknowledged by scientific evidence, thus raising concerns as to the impact of decision makers in the energy sector. This qualitative research investigating the electricity market aims to provide insights complementing available quantitative research results (which are often used to conduct investigations about electricity markets), thus offering a different view as to the drivers shaping the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CARBON monoxide, GOVERNMENT policy, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC power distribution, and ELECTRICITY

This article presents a study of Carbon Monoxide levels in the city of Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The city has approx. 400,000 inhabitants. The data was collected during a six-month period and its interpretation has been made after all the information has been gathered. The results of the study have revealed that the limits, as imposed by legislation, are not broken in what concerns the threat towards the health of people living in Cluj-Napoca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RISK assessment, ELECTRIC utilities, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC power distribution, and ELECTRICITY

The paper reviews the most relevant standards, guidelines, frameworks and methodologies about risk assessment and management, that could be useful to enhance power companies risk assessment practices. It will be presented the criteria used in evaluation methodologies - especially on how to handle threats and vulnerabilities, standards and prescription coverage, along all risk management process - identification, quantification, prioritization, treatment and control, and areas of specific application. The need for this paper stems from the recent proliferation of standardization activities dealing with risk management issues. While this signals a growing attention to risk management and to its integration within the broader organizational context, it has led to the creation of multiple and sometimes conflicting standards and guidelines. This in turn calls for a review and rationalization of the current publications about risk management, specifically considering those directed to the power sector. Moreover, it is necessary to evaluate whether and to what extent the existing generalist approaches and technical methodologies are applicable to electrical networks planning and operation and to their specificities. The review of the existing standards and guidelines will serve as the base for the development of a more integrated and comprehensive methodology for risk assessment for electrical networks planning and operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BUS conductors (Electricity), COMMUNICATION, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, and ELECTRIC power distribution

The Bus bar Protection in the electrical nodes with the dedicated equipment is secure and fast, but the unavailability of the basic protection, the reservation made through classical solutions becomes non-selective. The paper proposes a solution of secure and selective protection, using the capabilities of communication of the digital protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC power, WIND power plants, ELECTRICITY, ENERGY consumption, and ENERGY management

Romanian Power Grid Company "Transelectrica" is the Transmission System Operator (TSO) and the metering operator for the wholesale electricity market. The paper provides a description of the new Pan European Network Codes and new Power Quality (PQ) Romanian regulations including wind power plants (WPP) and photovoltaic power plants (PVPP), in order to meet the requirements presented in the international PQ standards. The paper presents also the features of Power Quality Monitoring System (PQMS) of Transelectrica installed in the Common Coupling Points (CCPs) of wind power generation. Transelectrica's PQ strategy includes the process of acceptance testing of wind and solar power generation. This assures wind and solar secure connection. Some aspects of PQ Management which has to integrate the technical, legal issues/regulatory and managerial aspects of PQ in the entire National Power System for all operators in the energy market are underlined in the paper. Finally, the conclusions and recommendations and the next steps in the power quality national strategy have been drown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, FOSSIL fuels, AUTHORITARIANISM, RENEWABLE energy sources, and GOVERNMENT policy

Highlights: [•] Asian countries with higher levels of renewable electricity have higher measures of authoritarianism, poverty, size, and fossil fuels. [•] Asian countries with lower levels of renewable electricity are wealthier and more democratic. [•] Asian countries with advanced renewable electricity policies are wealthier and more democratic. [•] Asian countries with lagging renewable electricity policies have higher measures of authoritarianism, poverty, and fossil fuels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRICITY, POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRIC utilities

Bangladesh is a densely populated country. Only a small part of her area is electrified which covers around 18% of total population. The people who are in the electrified area are suffering from severe load shedding. A systematic load management procedure related to demand side may improve the situation is the research problem. The major objectives served by the research are to analyze contemporary electricity status with a view to drawing inference about demand supply gap and extracting benefits from load management. Data supplied by the Bangladesh Power Development Board, World Bank and outcome of survey are analyzed with some simple statistical tools to test the hypothesis. Analysis discloses that with properly managed uses of electricity with load switch and rotational week-end can improve the concurrent condition of electricity. Moreover, introducing smart distribution system, reducing system loss, shifting load to off-peak, large scale use of prepaid meter, observing energy week and using energy efficient home and office appliance are recommended to improve load situation through demand side management. Some other recommendations such as introducing alternative energy, public private partnership (ppp) and using renewable energy development and producing energy locally are made for load management from the supply side. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POWER transmission, REACTIVE power, ELECTRIC power systems, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRIC lines

The article presents a new method for adapting loop flows during transmission loss allocation based on complex power flow tracing. It notes that the proposed line model allows loss allocation with higher resolution, as the active power loss is split into two components one caused by the active power, and the other by the reactive power. It is concluded that proposed method has the advantage of being capable to provide an explanation of loss allocation.

QUANTITATIVE research, CARBON, ELECTRIC power, PREDICTION models, ELECTRICITY, and ELECTRIC utilities

Abstract: In order to research the relation between smart grid and low carbon economics, it makes quantitative analysis on the influence exerted by carbon emissions in the power industry over the years, which partially indicates the necessity of low carbon power development. Considered current technology level of smart grid, it proposes suggestions about how to achieve low-carbon electricity. By the method of linear smoothing, it forecasts the value of carbon emissions in the power industry .Meanwhile, figures out the cost of carbon emissions in accordance with the carbon emission prices in international carbon market. Thus, low-carbon benefit of smart grid is 224.57billion yuan, which provides a reference for the construction of smart grid in the coming years. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

POWER plants, ELECTRIC power, MATHEMATICAL optimization, EQUATIONS, and ELECTRICITY

In this paper the problem of Economic Load Dispatch (ELD) in power systems is solved by considering the operating cost of a thermal power plant as an exponential function. Equality constraints of power balance and inequality plant generation capacity constraints are taken into consideration. The problem is formulated with the transmission losses in the lines and is solved by Lagrangian approach of equal incremental cost. The results of the proposed, method are tested for a system consisting of six generating units and the results are compared with a similar, problem having quadratic cost functions. Finally, the significance of the proposed method is highlighted. It maybe concluded that the proposed method can be considered as a replacement for the conventional practices presently being used in different central load dispatch centers across the globe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, ENVIRONMENTAL protection, ELECTRICITY, GAS companies, and SUPRANATIONALISM

The central aim of this paper is to present an intergovernmentalist evaluation of the prospects for the European Union (EU) member states to pursue a common energy security policy at the supranational level. Particularly, the analysis seeks to address the demands for a common EU stance concerning the issue of energy supply security. Thus, the paper leaves aside other cornerstones of a common EU energy policy, namely the issues of environmental protection and liberalization of the electricity and gas markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POWER plants, ELECTRIC power production, POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, and RELIABILITY in engineering

Armed with the aim of generating a knowledge base on CPV technology, ISFOC has installed 1.4MW of CPV and is executing up to a total of 3MW of power plants incorporating seven different technologies, all scheduled for completion in 2009. These pilot plants are being established to assist the industry in the setting up of pilot production lines and to obtain very valuable information such as reliability, suitability and production [1]. Rating measurement approaches have been proposed by ISFOC, but there remains a need for an international standard that is accepted by the CPV community. This paper presents ISFOC's proposed standards set and outlines the methodology adopted by the company in this respect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, ELECTRICITY, ENERGY management, and FACILITY management

Power quality and reliability are two very important factors in electrical power supply, particularly for specific branches of industry. Multifunctional PV battery systems can improve power quality, substitute uninterruptible power supply systems, and can offer additional services such as energy management and peak shaving. This article presents the results of an analysis of possible services under current German conditions and the measurement results of laboratory tests and a pilot demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, ARTIFICIAL neural networks, INTELLIGENT agents (Computer software), ARTIFICIAL intelligence, ECONOMIC forecasting, ECONOMICS, and COMPUTER network resources

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC substations, FORCE & energy, ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, HIGH voltages, and CAPITAL investments

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRIC power systems, ELECTRIC transformers, ELECTRIC currents, ELECTRIC potential, POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

POWER resources, ELECTRIC substations, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC potential, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRONICS, and EQUIPMENT financing

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC industries, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC utilities, POWER plants, ELECTRIC generators, and ELECTRIC power production

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

FORCE & energy, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, HIGH voltages, POWER resources, POWER plants, ENERGY industries, and ELECTRIC power production

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

FEASIBILITY studies, GARDEN cities, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, and BUILDINGS

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

RELIABILITY in engineering, POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC lines, ELECTRIC power distribution, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRIC power failures, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power consumption, POWER resources, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ARTIFICIAL neural networks, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, TRANSPORTATION, ELECTRIC railroads, RAILROAD trains, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRIC driving, MAGNETIC fields, ELECTRIC machinery, ELECTRIC power, POWER transmission, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MATHEMATICAL models, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, ROTORS, EQUATIONS, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

MATHEMATICAL models, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, ALGORITHMS, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INDUSTRIAL efficiency, ELECTRIC lines, SUSTAINABLE development, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, and POWER resources

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

DISTRIBUTED power generation, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, CALORIC expenditure, ELECTRONIC equipment, POWER resources, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

POWER resources, ELECTRIC power systems, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, CONSUMERS, and ELECTRICITY

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRIC power systems, ENERGY consumption, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, EMISSIONS (Air pollution), and ALGORITHMS

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRIC power systems, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, FUEL, MARKETS, ELECTRIC industries, and RESEARCH

Copyright of Power & Electrical Engineering is the property of RTU Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

INTERNATIONAL trade, ELECTRIC utility laws, ELECTRIC power, and COMMERCE

Copyright of Cuadernos de Economia is the property of Universidad Catolica del Uruguay Damaso Antonio Larranaga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ELECTRICITY, FACTORIES, ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, and RESEARCH

The ESR Network exists to coordinate and to further R&D collaboration between the UK industry and academic communities in electricity supply issues. A concerted effort has been made to establish how established academic expertise can be related to industrial plant problems and needs, resulting in a matrix that has been refined to identify clusters that may be used to guide future research strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WIND power, POWER resources, RENEWABLE energy sources, WIND power plants, TECHNOLOGY, ASSOCIATIONS, institutions, etc., ELECTRICITY, and ELECTRIC power

The ongoing penetration of large amounts of wind power capacities in Germany has strong impacts on the necessary promotion volumes (direct costs of Renewable Energy Source (RES) promotion) but also on necessary grid extensions, the future need for regulating and reserve power capacities, the thermal power plant system and the electricity price for end-consumers (indirect effects). On behalf of the German Energy Agency (Dena) and with a contribution of the affected parties such as wind power associations, TSOs, politics and science, a consortium consisting of DEWI/EWI/E.ON Net/ RWE Transportnetz Strom and VE Transmission analysed these economical end technological effects of the planned extension of wind power capacities onshore and offshore in Germany until 2020. This paper illustrates and summarises the main results of the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WIND power, RENEWABLE energy sources, POWER resources, INTERMITTENCY (Nuclear physics), ENERGY policy, ELECTRICITY, ENERGY development, and ELECTRIC power

The practicality of UK renewable energy policy, given the potential impacts of intermittency, has been contested by expert institutions. At the same time, wind energy developments have engendered local controversy and civic campaign groups have emerged at local, regional and national levels. This research integrates these strands in exploring how intermittency is communicated to the public by campaign groups as part of their arguments against or in favour, of wind energy, using social representations theory. Qualitative analysis was conducted on the web material from ten groups operating at different levels across the UK. The results indicated that sceptics made intermittency familiar using concepts of unpredictability and uncontrollability, as well as notions of work over idleness; while supporters referred to variability and fluctuation. Specific themata suggest, despite polarised views, a common underlying structure to social representations of intermittency, centring on compatibility with the grid, views of the weather, the distinctiveness of wind energy and the virtue of facts over myths. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the shaping of public perceptions and the legitimacy of UK energy policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RENEWABLE energy sources, ELECTRIC power, ENERGY policy, COST allocation, COMPUTER software, TECHNOLOGY, and ELECTRICITY

Market integration of Renewable Energy Technologies for Electricity (RES-E) generation is one of the core topics in the energy policy agenda of the European Commission (EC). However, legislation in this context still faces a variety of lacks (e.g. ignoring unbundling principles) in almost all countries of the European Union (EU). The recently finished EC-Project GreenNet addresses these existing inadequacies and models dynamic time paths up to the year 2020 for a variety of least-cost RES-E grid integration cases in the EU for different degrees of unbundling and different cost allocation schemes. The major results derived from GreenNet clearly demonstrate that the degree of unbundling and the implemented allocation principles of different disaggregated cost elements significantly influence RES-E deployment both on national as well as on EU level up to the year 2020. The major conclusion is that serious unbundling and correct allocation of RES-E related grid integration costs only guarantee the fulfilment of the ambitious EC goals with minimal costs for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WIND power, RENEWABLE energy sources, POWER resources, ELECTRICITY, TECHNOLOGY, ELECTRIC power distribution, ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC industries, and WIND power industry

A rapid growth of wind power since the 1990s has led to notable market shares in some electricity markets. This growth is concentrated in a few countries with effective Research, Development and Demonstration (RD&D) programmes and with policies that support its diffusion into the market place. The speed and depth of its penetration in these electricity markets have amplified the need to address grid integration concerns, so as not to impede the further penetration of wind power. Research on technologies, tools and practices for integrating large amounts of wind power into electricity supply systems is attempting to respond to this need. In recent years, existing international collaborative research efforts have expanded their focus to include grid integration of wind power and new consortia have been formed to pool knowledge and resources. Effective results benefit a few countries that already have a significant amount of wind in their electricity supply fuel mix, as well as to the potential large markets worldwide. This paper focuses on the challenge of bringing significant amounts of intermittent generating sources into grids dominated by large central generating units. It provides a brief overview of the growth of wind power, mainly since 1990, the technical and operational issues related to integration and selected collaborative programmes underway to address grid integration concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WIND power, INTERMITTENCY (Nuclear physics), RENEWABLE energy sources, POWER resources, TECHNOLOGICAL innovations, ENVIRONMENTAL policy, WINDS, ELECTRICITY, and ELECTRIC power

This paper puts the discussion on intermittency of wind into its wider context: in the first part, it reviews the natural variability of all resources that power renewable energy technologies. This highlights how intermittency of wind influences the degree of variability relative to other renewable energy technologies, but does not change its kind. In the second part, management options for intermittency on electricity grids are outlined, from both a technological and a policy standpoint and some conclusions on the question of potential limits to market penetration of renewables are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WATER power, POWER resources, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, POWER plants, and ELECTRIC power production

Salient issues associated with the connection of hydropower distributed generation (FIPDG) into distribution networks include operation and voltage regulation, grid connection and control interaction, anti-islanding protection and islanding operation, and operation of protective devices. Better understanding of these issues and finding solutions to these problems are timely and important to the electricity industry. This paper has addressed islanding and anti-islanding issues of hydropower DG, and developed design criteria and solution for effective operation and control. A current control scheme based on microprocessor-based line-tracking system is proposed for HPDG operation with grid system. A technique is developed to use islanding detection and anti-islanding protection of HPDG. The paper has also proposed guidelines for islanding operation of HPDG to improve quality and reliability of power supply. Control of over- and under-generated islanded systems with hydropower DG have been explored and criteria for islanding operation and resynchronisation when mains return are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRIC power, RENEWABLE energy sources, ENERGY development, TURBINES, ELECTRICITY, APPROPRIATE technology, and CHILDREN

Shows how children can build a model micro-hydro power station as they learn about sustainable energy sources. Opportunity provided by the Centre for Alternative Technology in Mid Wales for children; Activity that gets children thinking about how our electricity is made; Information on making a model turbine.

ELECTRICITY, LEADERSHIP, and ELECTRIC power

In August 2002, the Board of Directors of the Electric Power Research Institute encouraged the Institute to examine the serious challenges facing the electric power sector. The goal was to define the characteristics of a vital and robust sector, and to help develop an actionable leadership framework. The ultimate goal of the “Electricity Sector Framework for the Future” project is to establish a coherent set of actions and accountabilities that will enable the electricity sector to meet the escalating needs and aspirations of its customers, investors/owners, and society. In order to be effective, such a set of actions must reflect mutual self-interest and equity across the broad electricity stakeholder community. In general, this requires a unified industry leadership commitment that electricity, through innovative technology, has a service value greater than its traditional basic commodity value. This vision of innovative opportunities to transform the reliability and value of electricity for the future must be “sold” to the public and public policy leaders at the local, state, and federal levels who can credibly advocate the message. Additionally, the initiative must be expanded to educate stakeholders about mechanisms for strengthening industry credibility, building trust, and gaining broad public and political support for the sector’s vision and needed actions. Finally, the costs and benefits must be made tangible, compelling, and urgent for all stakeholders, especially consumers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

ELECTRIC power, POWER resources, ELECTRIC utilities, ELECTRICITY, and ELECTROCUTION

Nowadays, electric power is the most commonly used form of energy and is an important part of everyday life. The violation of the rules of use of electricity implies material damages, human injuries, and, unfortunately, very often, loss of life. According to the international statistics, electric accidents are the most fatal among the other kinds of accidents. This particularity is also confirmed for Greece. The present article is an assessment of the electrocutions that happened between 1992 and 1996 to workers in the power industry of Greece. Specifically, data concerning the occupational characteristics of the injured person, the time at which the accident occurred, and its consequences are presented and discussed. The calculation of the accident frequency rate per 1,000 workers, with special attention to fatal accidents, is proposed. Also, the structure of an information system for accidents is proposed. With its simultaneous connection to the central computer of the company, the information system can calculate the frequency and severity rates per workplace, per group, and per specialty of workers. Also, it characterizes the workers according to the occupational risk they are running. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation, ELECTRIC power production, ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, and POWER resources

The global PV market is undergoing fundamental change. According to a new survey by EuPD Research, Germany is once again the most important PV sales market worldwide this year. Current market conditions are tightening, but within Germany there is still plenty of undiscovered potential. The transformation of the PV market from a supply- driven sellers' market to a demand-driven buyers' market is, however, an accelerated process rather than a slow development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ELECTRICITY, ELECTRIC power, SUPPLY chains, LIBERALIZATION (Finance), ELECTRIC utilities, and INDUSTRIAL costs

ELECTRIC power, ELECTRIC utilities, ELECTRICITY, POWER resources, POWER plants, and ELECTRIC fields

This paper has for an object study the electric power influences to people that work around and the effect of bio-phyto-modulators for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RENEWABLE energy sources, POWER resources, ELECTRIC power, and ELECTRICITY

The article focuses on the report released by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission concerning renewable energy management in African countries. According to the report, around 58% of the population in rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa have no access to electricity and 99% lack electricity access. It suggests that Africa has the potential to expand its renewable energy and technology to meet the demand for energy and electricity in rural areas.

ELECTRIC power, ELECTRICITY, and PHOTOVOLTAIC cells

This section offers news briefs relating to power research, including the development of more efficient harnessing of electricity from heat waste, the production of silicon photovoltaic cells with conversion efficiency of 20.5 percent, and the invention of a bio-hybrid photo-conversion system that converts sunlight into hydrogen fuel.