articles+ search results

electricidad, energía hidroeléctrica, patrimonio industrial, electricity, hydroelectric power, and industrial heritage

Reseña de un libro sobre la principal obra hidráulica construida por la Mexican Light and Power a partir de 1903. La empresa fue fundada por Fred Stark Pearson para abastecer de energía eléctrica a Ciudad de México y al centro del país. El libro trata de valorar el patrimonio industrial del municipio en que se encuentra localizado, destacando su importancia para la identidad y el desarrollo, y colaborando con un proyecto colectivo de la comunidad local.
Review of a book about the main hydraulic work built by the Mexican Light and Power since 1903. The company was founded by Fred Stark Pearson to supply electricity to Mexico City and the center of the country. The book tries to assess the industrial heritage of the municipality in which it is located, highlighting its importance for identity and development, and collaborating with a collective project of the local community

Electricity, Magnetism, Conceptual understanding, Multiple-choice instrument, Reliability analysis, Electricidad, Magnetismo, Entendimiento conceptual, Instrumento de opciones múltiples, and Análisis de confiabilidad

The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) has been widely used in the field of physics education. However, to date, no study presents a version of the test in Spanish. This article has three general objectives: 1) to present the CSEM in Spanish and analyze its reliability and discriminatory power, 2) to perform a detailed analysis of the most frequent difficulties of the students in the concepts evaluated in the test, and 3) to establish recommendations for research and instruction of these concepts. The test was implemented to 310 students who finished an Electricity and Magnetism course in a Mexican university. Researchers or physics professors from Spanish-speaking countries may use the test in Spanish that we present in the PhysPort project (physport. org); and the analysis and recommendations for instruction in this study.
La prueba The Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism (CSEM) ha sido ampliamente utilizada en el área de la educación de la física. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no existe un estudio que presente el test en su versión en español. Este artículo tiene tres objetivos generales: 1) presentar el CSEM en su versión en español y analizar la confiabilidad y poder discriminatorio de este, 2) realizar un análisis detallado de las dificultades más frecuentes de los estudiantes en los conceptos evaluados en el test y 3) establecer recomendaciones para la investigación e instrucción de estos conceptos. El test fue implementado a 310 estudiantes que terminaban el curso Electricidad y Magnetismo de una universidad mexicana. El test en su versión en español, que presentamos en el proyecto Physport (physport. org), los análisis y las recomendaciones para la instrucción pueden ser utilizados por investigadores o por profesores de física de países hispanohablantes.

gas, electricidad, historia empresarial, Gas, Electricity, and Business history

El artículo aborda la trayectoria de Gaz Franco-Belge. Robert Lesage et Cie. (Cie. Franco-Belge), fundada en Bélgica en 1880, en Sanlúcar de Barrameda. En 1883, se inauguró la iluminación pública de gas y en 1919 cesó su actividad. Esta iniciativa corresponde a una generación efímera de empresas gasistas de matriz extranjera de ámbito municipal. En apariencia, se inscribiría en una tanda de inversiones poco razonables en mercados urbanos insuficientemente desarrollados, que acabaron de liquidar la competencia con la electricidad y las restricciones a las industrias consumidoras de carbón durante la Gran Guerra. Aquí, se defiende que el "privilegio" exclusivo de iluminación pública fue en realidad una condena en tanto el Consistorio se convirtió en el usuario principal y, al mismo tiempo, en la única fuente de regulación del mercado gasista en la ciudad. Sin intención ni de aumentar los impuestos ni de pagar este servicio público, se anclaba a las empresas concesionarias a negocios poco rentables, en localidades con rentas medias bajas.
This article focuses on the trajectory of Gaz Franco-Belge. Robert Lesage et Cie (Cie Franco- Belge), founded in Belgium in 1880, in Sanlúcar de Barrameda. Public gas lighting was inaugurated in 1883 and the company ceased its activity in 1919. This initiative may be included in an ephemeral generation of foreign companies in charge of municipal lighting. Apparently, these foreign direct investments were unreasonable where urban markets were underdeveloped. Competition with electricity and the restrictions on coal consumption during World War I finished with these firms. Actually, the exclusive “privilege” of public lighting was a sentence as long as the town Hall became both the main user and the only source of market regulation. Without any intention of either raising taxes or paying for this public service, the councils anchored concessionaires companies to unprofitable businesses, in localities with a very low income average.

Gas, electricidad, consumo, España, Electricity, Consumption, and Spain

En este trabajo se aborda el estudio de dos energías básicas, gas y electricidad, desde la perspectiva de la demanda y bajo un enfoque comparativo. La fuente a utilizar será la Estadística del Impuesto sobre el consumo de luz de gas, electricidad y carburo de calcio, complementada/contrastada con otras (Estadística Minera, Datos estadísticos técnicos de las fábricas de gas españolas, monografías locales, etc.). Los principales aspectos que se tratarán serán su difusión geográfica, incardinándola en la modernización de las estructuras urbanas, y los niveles de gasto energético, insertado a su vez en los cambios generales de las pautas de consumo, ambos desde una doble perspectiva espacial y temporal. Todo ello se llevará a cabo en un marco cronológico clave, el primer tercio del siglo XX, lo que permitirá abrir nuevas perspectivas y debates acerca del modo concreto en que se llevó a cabo en España el proceso de transición energética del gas a la electricidad.
This paper deals with the study of two basic energies, gas and electricity, from a demand perspective, and under a comparative approach. The source that will be used is the Estadística del impuesto sobre el consumo de luz de gas, electricidad y carburo de calcio, which is complemented/ contrasted with others (Estadística Minera, Datos estadísticos técnicos de las fábricas de gas españolas, local monographs, etc). The main issues will be their geographical diffusion, placing it in the context of the modernization of urban structures, as well as the levels of energy expenditure, which are linked to the global changes in consumption patterns, both from a spatial and temporal perspective. All this will be carried out in a chronological framework, over the first third of the twentieth century, which will open new perspectives and debates about the specific way in which the process of energy transition from gas to electricity was carried out in Spain.

Electricidad, sistemas de tarificación, precios, España, siglo xx, Electricity, Rate Systems, Tariffs, Spain, and 20th Century

En 1934, 672 empresas eléctricas de toda España publicaron en los Boletines Oficiales provinciales y en el Butlletí Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya sus precios de venta de la energía destinada a fuerza. Estos datos nos permiten disponer de una información muy completa de los sistemas tarifarios utilizados por los productores y distribuidores de electricidad antes de la guerra civil así como también de los precios máximos y de los descuentos que ofrecían a sus clientes. En este artículo se analizan los precios y descuentos publicados desde una doble perspectiva, empresarial y territorial, con objeto de conocer el precio de la energía eléctrica para usos industriales en la España del momento. Las notables diferencias observadas en el precio de venta del kWh reflejan la existencia de un mercado eléctrico escasamente integrado y el importante papel que seguían desempeñando los pequeños y medianos productores y distribuidores de energía a la hora de suministrar fluido a miles de empresas de todo el país en vísperas de la Guerra Civil.
In 1934, a total of 672 electricity companies from all over Spain made public in the Boletines Oficiales of the provinces and in the Butlletí Oficial de la Generalitat de Catalunya their rate systems and selling prices for power. These data provide comprehensive information about the diverse pricing system used by producers and distributors of electricity in Spain before the Civil War as well as the maximum prices and discounts offered from them to their clients. This paper analyses these prices and discounts from a business and territorial point of view. The remarkable differences in the selling price of kWh among firms and places reflect the existence of a poorly integrated electricity market and the important role small and medium producers and distributors of energy still played when supplying electricity to thousands of consumers around the country on the eve of the Civil War.

llibres de text, electricitat, anàlisi del llenguatge, educació intercultural, textbooks, electricity, language analysis, intercultural education, libros de texto, electricidad, análisis del lenguaje, and educación intercultural

Aquesta tesi se centra essencialment en l'estudi de dues variables: el llenguatge de dos llibres de text quant a si afavoreix o no la comprensió explicativa, i les respostes dels estudiants quan s'utilitzen altres fonts d'informació complementària. La mostra pertany a dos països: Canadà i Pakistan, i com a metodologia es va utilitzar l'anàlisi documental i un disseny quasiexperimental. Els resultats apunten a la necessitat de millorar els llibres de text i el seu ús.
This thesis focuses primarily on the study of two variables: the language of two textbooks as to whether or not favors explanatory understanding, and the responses of the students when they use other sources for additional information. The sample belongs to two countries: Canada and Pakistan, and document analysis as a methodology and a quasi-experimental design was used. The results point to the need to improve textbooks and usage.
La presente tesis se centra esencialmente en el estudio de dos variables: el lenguaje de dos libros de texto en cuanto a si favorece o no la comprensión explicativa, y las respuestas de los estudiantes cuando utilizan otras fuentes de información complementaria. La muestra pertenece a dos países: Canadá y Pakistán, y como metodología se utilizó el análisis documental y un diseño cuasiexperimental. Los resultados apuntan a la necesidad de mejorar los libros de texto y su uso.

Guerra Civil Española, Electricidad, Producción, Historia empresarial, Spanish Civil War, Electricity, Production, and Business History.

La historia de la Compañía Eléctrica Mengemor durante la Guerra Civil Española (1936-1939) es interesante, ya que era una de las grandes eléctricas del país, y su dirección e instalaciones quedaron divididas hasta el final de la contienda, y buena parte de las mismas en el frente de batalla. Para cada bando (el republicano y el nacional) analizaré: quiénes y cómo la dirigieron, el estado de las instalaciones, cómo se repararon y la electricidad producida. En general, ésta creció en ambas zonas, gracias a la gestión realizada y los escasos daños sufridos.
The history of the electric company Mengemor during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) is interesting in that it was one of the main electric companies in Spain, and its management and installations were divided during the conflict, and a large part of these were on the front line. For each side in the conflict (the republicans and the nationalists) the following will be analyzed: how they were managed and by whom, the state of the installations, how they were repaired, and the electricity which was produced. In general, production grew in both zones. This can be explained by good management and the scarce damage inflicted on the installations.

Biomécanique, Biomechanics, Biomecánica, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Ergonomie conception, Applied ergonomics, Ergonomía aplicada, Facteur humain, Human factor, Factor humano, Homme, Human, Hombre, Hygiène travail, Occupational hygiene, Higiene laboral, Outil, Tool, Herramienta, Précision, Accuracy, Precisión, Sécurité travail, Work safety, Seguridad trabajo, biomechanics, ergonomic design, occupational safety and health, power hand tool, screwdriver, Sciences biologiques et medicales, Biological and medical sciences, Sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. Psychologie, Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology, Psychologie. Psychophysiologie, Psychology. Psychophysiology, Psychologie du travail, Occupational psychology, Ergonomie. Facteur humain, Ergonomics. Human factors, Sciences medicales, Medical sciences, Physiologie humaine appliquee a l'etude des populations et des conditions de vie. Ecophysiologie humaine, Human physiology applied to population studies and life conditions. Human ecophysiology, Physiologie appliquée, Applied physiology, Ergonomie. Poste de travail. Physiologie du travail, Ergonomics. Work place. Occupational physiology, Sante publique. Hygiene-medecine du travail, Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine, Médecine du travail, Occupational medicine, Psychologie. Psychanalyse. Psychiatrie, Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry, Cognition, Genetics, Génétique, Applied physiology, ergonomics sports medicine, Physiologie appliquée, ergonomie, sport, Psychology, psychopathology, psychiatry, and Psychologie, psychopathologie, psychiatrie

Objective: A laboratory study investigated the relationship between power hand tool and task-related factors affecting threaded fastener torque accuracy and associated handle reaction force. Background: We previously developed a biodynamic model to predict handle reaction forces. We hypothesized that torque accuracy was related to the same factors that affect operator capacity to react against impulsive tool forces, as predicted by the model. Method: The independent variables included tool (pistol grip on a vertical surface, right angle on a horizontal surface), fastener torque rate (hard, soft), horizontal distance (30 cm and 60 cm), and vertical distance (80 cm, 110 cm, and 140 cm). Ten participants (five male and five female) fastened 12 similar bolts for each experimental condition. Results: Average torque error (audited ― target torque) was affected by fastener torque rate and operator position. Torque error decreased 33% for soft torque rates, whereas handle forces greatly increased (170%). Torque error also decreased for the far horizontal distance 7% to 14%, when vertical distance was in the middle or high, but handle force decreased slightly 3% to 5%. Conclusion: The evidence suggests that although both tool and task factors affect fastening accuracy, they each influence handle reaction forces differently. We conclude that these differences are attributed to different parameters each factor influences affecting the dynamics of threaded faster tool operation. Fastener torque rate affects the tool dynamics, whereas posture affects the spring-mass-damping biodynamic properties of the human operator. Application: The prediction of handle reaction force using an operator biodynamic model may be useful for codifying complex and unobvious relationships between tool and task factors for minimizing torque error while controlling handle force.

Besoin énergétique, Energy need, Necesidades energéticas, Climatologie appliquée, Applied climatology, Climatología aplicada, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Energie, Energy, Energía, Température de l'air, Air temperature, Temperatura del aire, Température, Temperature, Temperatura, Années 2001-2010, Température de référence, Bgi / Prodig, Géographie physique, Physical geography, Climatologie, Climatology, Climatology, meteorology, and Climatologie, météorologie

La demande d'énergie électrique est reliée à la température de l'air par une courbe en V en milieu urbain et par une courbe en L en milieu rural. La température de référence pour le calcul des degrés-jours de chauffage et de réfrigération s'échelonne, selon les régions sud-coréennes, de 14,7 à 19,4°C. - (JPB).

Comportement des usagers, User Behaviour, Comportamiento de los usuarios, Consommation d'énergie, Energy consumption, Consumo de energía, Consommation, Consumption, Consumo, Demande, Demand, Demanda, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Energie, Energy, Energía, Pratique sociale, Social practice, Práctica social, Tarification, Tariff rate, Tarificación, Pic de consommation, Bgi / Prodig, Géographie humaine, Human geography, Géographie de l'industrie et de l'énergie, Geography of industry and energy, Geography, Géographie, Geology, and Géologie

This article examines peak electricity demand and the flexibility of everyday in the United Kingdom. It argues that it is the social practices which shape electricity demand curves that need to be at the centre of analysis. It considers how, in what ways and for what purposes consumption of electricity may be or become flexible in response to a time of use tariff designed to reduce consumption in the early evening. It concludes that the rhythmic qualities of practices and the degree to which there are socially conventional times and ways to perform particular practices can constrain or open up their ability to adapt to interventions.

Comportement des consommateurs, Consumer behaviour, Comportamiento de los consumidores, Consommation d'énergie, Energy consumption, Consumo de energía, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Energie, Energy, Energía, Gouvernementalité, Governmentality, Gubernamentalidad, Géographie politique, Political geography, Geografía política, Pouvoir, Power, Poder, Compteur intelligent, FOUCAULD (M.), Bgi / Prodig, Europe, Alpes. Autriche. Suisse, The alps. Austria. Switzerland, Géographie humaine, and Human geography

Drawing upon Michel Foucault’s approach to power and governmentality, this paper explores the internal logics and dynamics of software-mediated techniques used to regulate and manage urban systems. Empirically, it investigates two high-profile pilot projects in Switzerland in the field of smart electricity management, aimed at (1) the assessment of customer needs and behaviours with regard to novel smart metering solutions (iSMART), and (2) the elaboration of novel IT solutions in the field of smart electricity grids for optimised load management (Flexlast).

Aménagement hydraulique, Hydraulic works, Aprovechamiento hidráulico, Barrage, Dam, Represa, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Gouvernance, Governance, Gobernancía, Géographie politique, Political geography, Geografía política, Pouvoir, Power, Poder, Rôle de l'Etat, Role of the State, Rol del Estado, Territorialisation, Territorialisación, Bgi / Prodig, Asie, Asia, Asie du Sud-Est, Southeast Asia, Thaïlande. Laos, Thailand. Laos, Geography, Géographie, Geology, and Géologie

This article analyzes how the interplay of the power structures shapes the dynamics of natural resource management in one of the world's fastest changing transboundary basins, the Mekong. Taking the Lao People's Democratic Republic as a case study, it highlights the existing inconsistency and institutional discrepancies in land, water, and environmental policy related to hydropower and illustrate how they are manifested in multiple decision-making frameworks and overlapping legal orders. The resulting legal plurality reveals the inherently contested terrain of hydropower but, more important, it illustrates how the central state has been able to use contradictory mandates and interests to further its goals.

Ecologie politique, Political ecology, Ecología política, Ecologie, Ecology, Ecología, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Géographie sociale, Social geography, Geografía social, Logement, Housing, Vivienda, Ménage, Household, Unidad familiar, Taudis, Slum, Tugurio, Accra, Collaboration sociale, Informalité, Informality, Raccordement illégal, Bgi / Prodig, Afrique, Africa, Afrique occidentale. Sahel, West Africa. Sahel, and Ghana

This article examines incremental infrastructures through material improvisation and social collaboration across post-colonial Accra. This refers to ad hoc actions on the part of slum dwellers to connect to energy networks or carve out informal living spaces. It examines shifts in the Accra energy network as urban dwellers rework connections to flows of electricity. It also considers the material adjustment of housing and the role of cooperation in responding to threats of demolition and displacement. Together, incremental infrastructures and the ways that they are constituted articulate a prefigurative politics in which residents seek to generate access to new infrastructural worlds.

Electricité, Electricity, Politique énergétique, Energy Policy, Pouvoir, Power, Résistance au changement, Resistance to change, Système sociotechnique, Sociotechnical system, Transition, Changement climatique, Climate change, Cambio climático, Régime en place, climate change, electricity, incumbent regimes, resistance, transitions, Sociologie, Sociology, Ecologie humaine et démographie, Human ecology and demography, Problèmes de l'environnement, Environmental problems, Sociologie de la connaissance et de la culture, Sociology of knowledge and sociology of culture, Sociologie de la connaissance et de la vie morale, Sociology of knowledge and ethics, Sociologie de la technique, Sociology of technology, Social anthropology and ethnology, and Anthropologie sociale et ethnologie

While most studies of low-carbon transitions focus on green niche-innovations, this paper shifts attention to the resistance by incumbent regime actors to fundamental change. Drawing on insights from political economy, the paper introduces politics and power into the multi-level perspective. Instrumental, discursive, material and institutional forms of power and resistance are distinguished and illustrated with examples from the UK electricity system. The paper concludes that the resistance and resilience of coal, gas and nuclear production regimes currently negates the benefits from increasing renewables deployment. It further suggests that policymakers and many transition-scholars have too high hopes that 'green' innovation will be sufficient to bring about low-carbon transitions. Future agendas in research and policy should therefore pay much more attention to the destabilization and decline of existing fossil fuel regimes.

Analyse statistique, Statistical analysis, Conflit, Conflict, Corps, Body (Human), Electricité, Electricity, Maladie, Illness, Onde, Wave, Santé publique, Public Health, Perception du risque, Risk perception, Percepción del riesgo, France, ondes électromagnétiques, perception des risques, santé, sociologie, Sociologie, Sociology, Ecologie humaine et démographie, Human ecology and demography, Problèmes de l'environnement, Environmental problems, Sociologie de la médecine, Sociology of health and medicine, Geography, Géographie, Multidisciplinary, Multidisciplinaire, Natural science, natural history, and Sciences et histoire naturelles

Cet article étudie les perceptions des risques associés à quatre dispositifs émettant des ondes électromagnétiques, les lignes à très haute tension (THT), les téléviseurs, les téléphones portables et les fours à micro-ondes, à partir du Baromètre Environnement EDF-R&D 2004. De nombreuses personnes s'inquiètent de l'impact des ondes électromagnétiques sur notre santé: elles interféreraient avec notre électricité naturelle, dérégleraient notre système nerveux, provoqueraient des cancers... Ces opinions s'appuient sur des conceptions profanes du corps, de la santé et de la maladie, et mobilisent diverses sources, plus ou moins légitimes, du discours expert à l'intuition personnelle. L'analyse statistique a mis en évidence un phénomène de cumul des risques perçus: les enquêtés qui pensent qu'un dispositif émetteur d'ondes est dangereux ont tendance à penser de même pour d'autres dispositifs. Enfin, les risques perçus pour ces différents dispositifs partagent des déterminants similaires. Ces résultats suggèrent l'existence d'un cadre perceptif commun, qui présiderait à la façon dont nous percevons tout risque induit par des ondes. Ces perceptions ne sont pas réductibles à de « fausses croyances »: elles mobilisent des conceptions cohérentes du corps, de la santé et de la maladie, elles se nourrissent du nivellement contemporain des savoirs, et elles révèlent un rapport conflictuel des individus aux transformations que connaissent les sociétés contemporaines.

Energie éolienne, Wind energy, Energía eólica, Politique énergétique, Energy policy, Política energética, Histoire des sciences et des techniques, History of science and technology, Sciences et techniques physiques, Physical sciences and techniques, Electromagnétisme, électronique, électrotechnique, Electromagnetism, electronics, electrotechnology, Electricité, Electricity, and History of science technology

Algorithme, Algorithm, Algoritmo, Analyse de régression, Regression Analysis, Consommation, Consumption, Electricité, Electricity, Prévision, Forecasting, Electricity consumption, Fuzzy regression, Preprocessing, Principal component analysis, Time series, Uncertainty, Sociologie, Sociology, Histoire, théorie et méthodologie, History, theory and methodology, Méthodologie, Methodology, Sociologie économique et du développement, Sociology of economy and development, Sociologie économique, Economic sociology, Comportement économique. Consommation, Economic behaviour. Consumption, Cognition, Methods and statistics, and Méthodes et statistiques

This paper introduces an integrated algorithm for forecasting electricity consumption (EL) based on fuzzy regression, time series and principal component analysis (PCA) in uncertain markets such as Iran. The algorithm is examined by mean absolute percentage error, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test. PCA is used to identify the input variables for the fuzzy regression and time series models. Monthly EL in Iran is used to show the superiority of the algorithm. Moreover, it is shown that the selected fuzzy regression model has better estimated values for total EL than time series. The algorithm provides as good results as intelligent methods. However, it is shown that the algorithm does not require utilization of preprocessing methods but genetic algorithm, artificial neural network and fuzzy inference system require preprocessing which could be a cumbersome task to deal with ambiguous data. The unique features of the proposed algorithm are three fold. First, two type of fuzzy regressions with and without preprocessed data are prescribed by the algorithm in order to minimize the bias. Second, it uses PCA approach instead of trial and error method for selecting the most important input variables. Third, ANOVA is used to statistically compare fuzzy regression and time series with actual data.

Changement social, Social change, Culture, Développement économique, Economic development, Desarrollo económico, Electricité, Electricity, Electricidad, Electrification, Electrificación, Milieu rural, Rural environment, Pratique religieuse, Religious practice, Rituel, Ritual, Tibétain, Tibetan, Sciences du langage, Linguistics, Sociolinguistique et ethnolinguistique, Sociolinguistics and ethnolinguistics, Archeology, Archéologie, and Linguistique