articles+ search results

штучний інтелект, fpga, ші як сервіс, гетерогенні проєкти ші систем, апаратні прискорювачі ші, dpu, інструментальні засоби розробки ші, xrt, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, and TL1-4050

The subject of study in this article is modern technologies, tools and methods of building AI systems as a service using FPGA as a platform. The goal is to analyze modern technologies and tools used to develop FPGA-based projects for systems that implement artificial intelligence as a service and to prepare a practical AI service prototype. Task: to analyze the evolution of changes in the products of leading manufacturers of programmable logic devices and experimental and practical examples of the implementation of the paradigm of continuous reprogramming of programmable logic; analyze the dynamics of changes in the development environment of programmable logic systems for AI; analyze the essential elements of building projects for AI systems using programmable logic. According to the tasks, the following results were obtained. The area of application of hardware implementation of artificial intelligence for on-board and embedded systems including airspace industry, smart cars and medical systems is analyzed. The process of programming FPGA accelerators for AI projects is analyzed. The analysis of the capabilities of FPGA with HBM for building projects that require enough of high speed memory is performed. Description languages, frameworks, the hierarchy of tools for building of hardware accelerators for AI projects are analyzed in detail. The stages of prototyping of AI projects using new FPGA development tools and basic DPU blocks are analyzed. The parameters of the DPU blocks were analyzed. Practical steps for building such systems are offered. The practical recommendations for optimizing the neural network for FPGA implementation are given. The stages of neural network optimization are provided. The proposed steps include pruning of branches with low priority and the use of fixed point computations with custom range based on the requirements of an exact neural network. Based on these solutions, a practical case of AI service was prepared, trained and tested. Conclusions. The main contribution of this study is that, based on the proposed ideas and solutions, the next steps to create heterogeneous systems based on the combination of three elements are clear: AI as a service, FPGA accelerators as a technology for improving performance, reliability and security, and cloud or Edge resources to create FPGA infrastructure and AI as service. The development of this methodological and technological basis is the direction of further R&D.

3D printing, Zinc submicron particles, Osteoinductivity, Anti-inflammatory, Bone defect repair, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, TA401-492, Biology (General), and QH301-705.5

Long-term nonunion of bone defects has always been a major problem in orthopedic treatment. Artificial bone graft materials such as Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)/β-tricalcium phosphate (PLGA/β-TCP) scaffolds are expected to solve this problem due to their suitable degradation rate and good osteoconductivity. However, insufficient mechanical properties, lack of osteoinductivity and infections after implanted limit its large-scale clinical application. Hence, we proposed a novel bone repair bioscaffold by adding zinc submicron particles to PLGA/β-TCP using low temperature rapid prototyping 3D printing technology. We first screened the scaffolds with 1 wt% Zn that had good biocompatibility and could stably release a safe dose of zinc ions within 16 weeks to ensure long-term non-toxicity. As designed, the scaffold had a multi-level porous structure of biomimetic cancellous bone, and the Young's modulus (63.41 ± 1.89 MPa) and compressive strength (2.887 ± 0.025 MPa) of the scaffold were close to those of cancellous bone. In addition, after a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, the scaffolds proved to have no adverse effects on the viability of BMSCs and promoted their adhesion and osteogenic differentiation, as well as exhibiting higher osteogenic and anti-inflammatory properties than PLGA/β-TCP scaffold without zinc particles. We also found that this osteogenic and anti-inflammatory effect might be related to Wnt/β-catenin, P38 MAPK and NFkB pathways. This study lay a foundation for the follow-up study of bone regeneration mechanism of Zn-containing biomaterials. We envision that this scaffold may become a new strategy for clinical treatment of bone defects.

Metal additive manufacturing (MAM), Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), Machine learning (ML), Process parameter optimization, Anomaly detection, and Technology

Metal Additive Manufacturing (MAM) applications are growing rapidly in high-tech industries such as biomedical and aerospace, and in many other industries including tooling, casting, automotive, oil and gas for production and prototyping. The onset of Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) technology proved to be an efficient technique that can convert metal additive manufacturing into a reformed process if anomalies occurred during this process are eliminated. Industrial applications demand high accuracy and risk-free products whereas prototyping using MAM demand lower process and product development time. In order to address these challenges, Machine Learning (ML) experts and researchers are trying to adopt an efficient method for anomaly detection in L-PBF so that the MAM process can be optimized and desired final part properties can be achieved. This review provides an overview of L-PBF and outlines the ML methods used for anomaly detection in L-PBF. The paper also explains how ML methods are being used as a step forward toward enabling the real-time process control of MAM and the process can be optimized for higher accuracy, lower production time, and less material waste. Authors have a strong believe that ML techniques can reform MAM process, whereas research concerned to the anomaly detection using ML techniques is limited and needs attention.This review has been done with a hope that ML experts can easily find a direction and contribute in this field.

Android, Communication, Deaf, Disability, Dumb, Hardware, and Science

People living with disability constitute a significant percentage of the world population. For many people with disabilities, assistance and support are prerequisites for participating in societal activities. This research work developed a hardware prototype of a robotic hand forfor sign language communication with persons living with hard-of-hearing disabilities (deaf and/or dumb). The prototype has three basic modules: the input unit, the control unit, and the robotic hand. The input unit is designed as an Android-based mobile application with speech recognition capabilities while the control unit is ATMEGA 2560 microcontroller board. The robotic hand is constructed using locally available materials (bathroom Slippers, expandable rubber, straw pipe, and tiny rope) together with three servo motors and is designed to look and perform movements similar to a human hand. The prototype was evaluated quantitatively in terms of empirical accuracy and response time. It was also evaluated qualitatively by thirty-five (35) users which included fifteen (15) experience ASL users, eighteen (18) non-experience ASL users, and two (2) ASL experts, who completed questionnaires to rate the prototype on a 5-point Likert scale in terms of five parameters: functionality, reliability, ease of use, efficiency, and portability. An accuracy of 78.43% with an average response time of 2 s was obtained from empirical experiments. Statistical analysis of user responses showed that 97%, 68%, 77%, 80%, and 83% of users rated the system as above average for functionality, reliability, ease of use, efficiency, and portability, respectively. The robotic hand effectively communicates American Sign Language which includes English Alphabets, numbers (1–9), and some selected common words, which can be demonstrated with a single hand for hard of hearing persons. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first ASL robotic hand that is based on locally sourced cost-effective materials, and we build on flaws from existing literature, most of which are either template-based, not real-time, or expensive. In terms of future work, the prototype can be improved by extending the single robotic hand to a fully robotic body with two hands.

cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Mechanical ventilation, Mechanical chest-compression, Respiratory monitoring, Thiel embalmed cadaver, Biomechanics, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), and Q1-390

The data presented in this article relate to the research article, “Reliability of mechanical ventilation during continuous chest compressions: a crossover study of transport ventilators in a human cadaver model of CPR” [1].This article contains raw data of continuous recordings of airflow, airway and esophageal pressure during the whole experiment. Data of mechanical ventilation was obtained under ongoing chest compressions and from repetitive measurements of pressure-volume curves. All signals are presented as raw time series data with a sample rate of 200Hz for flow and 500 Hz for pressure. Additionally, we hereby publish extracted time series recordings of force and compression depth from the used automated chest compression device. Concomitantly, we report tables with time stamps from our laboratory book by which the data can be sequenced into different phases of the study protocol.We also present a dataset of derived volumes which was used for statistical analysis in our research article together with the used exclusion list.The reported dataset can help to understand mechanical properties of Thiel-embalmed cadavers better and compare different models of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Future research may use this data to translate our findings from bench to bedside. Our recordings may become useful in developing respiratory monitors for CPR, especially in prototyping and testing algorithms of such devices.

aged, deprescribing, frailty, polypharmacy, primary health care, referral and consultation, Medicine (General), R5-920, Public aspects of medicine, and RA1-1270

Abstract Background In older people living with frailty, polypharmacy can lead to preventable harm like adverse drug reactions and hospitalization. Deprescribing is a strategy to reduce problematic polypharmacy. All stakeholders should be actively involved in developing a person‐centred deprescribing process that involves shared decision‐making. Objective To co‐design an intervention, supported by a logic model, to increase the engagement of older people living with frailty in the process of deprescribing. Design Experience‐based co‐design is an approach to service improvement, which uses service users and providers to identify problems and design solutions. This was used to create a person‐centred intervention with the potential to improve the quality and outcomes of the deprescribing process. A ‘trigger film’ showing older people talking about their healthcare experiences was created and facilitated discussions about current problems in the deprescribing process. Problems were then prioritized and appropriate solutions were developed. The review located the solutions in the context of current processes and procedures. An ideal care pathway and a complex intervention to deliver better care were developed. Setting and Participants Older people living with frailty, their informal carers and professionals living and/or working in West Yorkshire, England, UK. Deprescribing was considered in the context of primary care. Results The current deprescribing process differed from an ideal pathway. A complex intervention containing seven elements was required to move towards the ideal pathway. Three of these elements were prototyped and four still need development. The complex intervention responded to priorities about (a) clarity for older people about what was happening at all stages in the deprescribing process and (b) the quality of one‐to‐one consultations. Conclusions Priorities for improving the current deprescribing process were successfully identified. Solutions were developed and structured as a complex intervention. Further work is underway to (a) complete the prototyping of the intervention and (b) conduct feasibility testing. Patient or Public Contribution Older people living with frailty (and their informal carers) have made a central contribution, as collaborators, to ensure that a complex intervention has the greatest possible potential to enhance the experience of deprescribing medicines.

Perforations, Subtractive manufacturing, Negative Poisson’s ratio, 3D auxetic structures, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, and TA401-492

Prototyping of three-dimensional mechanical metamaterials that exhibit negative Poisson’s ratio is usually performed through additive manufacturing. Although this technique has a huge potential, its use to engineer mechanical metamaterials for consumer products is still challenging. In this work, a novel design method is being proposed where 3D auxetic metamaterials can be produced by introducing continuous voids of constant cross-sectional area. Such voids would be inserted at strategic positions in different perpendicular planes of a solid block to obtain a continuous three-dimensional mechanical metamaterial that can exhibit the desired mechanical characteristics. The use of continuous voids to design the 3D meatamaterial makes it possible to use additive manufacturing, subtractive manufacturing as well as casting to produce these systems. The proposed design method is explained by using continuous voids having a diamond shaped cross-sectional area. The resulting group of structures can be described as connected polygons and were found to exhibit a negative or zero Poisson’s ratio. The analysed systems were also found to have a strain independent Poisson’s ratio up to at least 7% strain. The proposed design method can thus facilitate the availability of three dimensional auxetic metamaterials in the consumer market which to date is conspicuous by their absence.

Bioprinting, Engineered living materials, Biosensors, Synthetic biology, Engineered bacteria, Medicine (General), R5-920, Biology (General), and QH301-705.5

The intertwined adoption of synthetic biology and 3D bioprinting has the potential to improve different application fields by fabricating engineered living materials (ELMs) with unnatural genetically-encoded sense & response capabilities. However, efforts are still needed to streamline the fabrication of sensing ELMs compatible with field use and improving their functional complexity. To investigate these two unmet needs, we adopted a workflow to reproducibly construct bacterial ELMs with synthetic biosensing circuits that provide red pigmentation as visible readout in response to different proof-of-concept chemical inducers. We first fabricated single-input/single-output ELMs and we demonstrated their robust performance in terms of longevity (cell viability and evolutionary stability >15 days, and long-term storage >1 month), sensing in harsh, non-sterile or nutrient-free conditions compatible with field use (soil, water, and clinical samples, including real samples from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected patients). Then, we fabricated ELMs including multiple spatially-separated biosensor strains to engineer: level-bar materials detecting molecule concentration ranges, multi-input/multi-output devices with multiplexed sensing and information processing capabilities, and materials with cell-cell communication enabling on-demand pattern formation. Overall, we showed successful field use and multiplexed functioning of reproducibly fabricated ELMs, paving the way to a future automation of the prototyping process and boosting applications of such devices as in-situ monitoring tools or easy-to-use sensing kits.

Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Computer software, and QA76.75-76.765

Establishing the indoor and outdoor humidity values in a greenhouse allows us to describe the crop yield during its entire developmental cycle. This study seeks to develop a predictive model of indoor relative humidity values in a greenhouse with high accuracy and interpretability through the use of optimized fuzzy inference systems, in order to offer greenhouse users a clear and simple description of their behaviour. The three-phase methodology applied made use of descriptive statistics techniques, correlation analysis, and prototyping paradigm for the iterative and incremental development of the predictive model, validated through error measurement. The research resulted in six models which define the behaviour of humidity as a result of temperature, CO2, and soil moisture, with percentages of effectiveness above 90%. The implementation of a Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system, optimized by a hybrid method combining genetic and interior point algorithms, allowed to predict the relative humidity in greenhouses with high interpretability and precision, with an effectiveness percentage of 90.97% and MSE (mean square error) of 8.2e − 3.

3D printing, Arduino, educational robotics, design thinking, open-source project, open-source platform, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

The dynamic spread of 3D printing technologies and open-source electronics prototyping platforms has significantly enriched the diversity of instruments used within educational robotics (ER) settings. An active, low-entry-level community offering ready-to-use libraries for a broad variety of devices assists in the development of quite sophisticated projects. However, the flipside of the coin is represented by the current research findings, which reveal that students’ interest in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) subjects has declined across Europe, as manifested in difficulties when approaching scientific topics and dealing with problems and phenomena studied from a multidisciplinary perspective. Consequently, a significant percentage of youths are at risk of social exclusion due to the direct relationship between low academic achievements and school dropout. Moreover, learners lack guidance in applied and life-context skills, such as creative thinking, problem solving, and collaboration, which highlights the need to introduce innovative pedagogical approaches. In this context, the design thinking (DT) methodology was proposed to tackle the problem. Originating in the development of psychological studies on creativity in the 1950s within the educational context, DT is known to foster creative thinking, help develop empathy, promote action-oriented actions, improve meta-cognitive awareness, contribute to problem-solving skills, and enhance students’ imagination. The last point supports the students’ development of critical thinking, social inclusion, teamwork skills, and academic performance. Thus, this paper introduces a methodological framework combining DT with ER classes. First, to approach the problem, the teachers’ survey data were collected and analysed to reveal the respondents’ level of integration of the DT methodology into current school curricula. Then, the work focused on the application of this framework in a learning experience by addressing the weakest points established and their elaboration through the combined ER and DT classes in the context of secondary schools.

chaos-based communication, covert transmission, secure communication systems, hardware chaos generators, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

Chaos-based communications are a promising application of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics. Their key features include concealed transmission, high security, and native broadband signals. Many studies have recently been published devoted to this technology. However, the practical implementations of chaos-based communications are rare due to multiple shortcomings: high hardware requirements, complex signal processing algorithms, and a lack of efficient modulation techniques for chaotic signals. In this study, we consider a simple hardware prototype of a coherent chaos-based communication system based on a novel type of modulation: adaptive symmetry of the finite-difference scheme used in a chaos generator. We explicitly demonstrate the possibility of covertly transmitting data using a chaotic transmitter and receiver implemented in a general-purpose microcontroller unit. A comparison between traditional parameter and symmetry modulation is given through a return map analysis and bit error rate estimation. The communication secrecy is analyzed using quantified return map analysis. The obtained results confirm the possibility of creating chaos-based communication systems based on symmetry modulation.

prototyping, design thinking, higher education institution, HEI management, cognitive biases, and Education

A project using design thinking (DT) was conducted among internal stakeholders of a large state Japanese university to design a user-centric brochure promoting study abroad programs at francophone partner universities. The low-fidelity prototype and the final product created with DT were tested by asking potential student-users to compare it with a standard brochure through two sets of surveys. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data revealed that low-fidelity prototyping was effective to enhance both the utility and usability of the final product. We also show how DT helped expose cognitive biases among designers.

axial fan, ventilation, efficiency, rapid prototyping, CFD, FEM, and Technology

The article discusses the process of designing and testing as well as their results, carried out in order to increase the efficiency of axial fans, implemented as part of the European project INESI. Modifications of existing solutions based on rapid prototyping methods were presented. Scanning, FEM and CFD numerical calculations and 3D printing were used for that purpose. Rapid prototyping involved the use of a steel blade base and 3D-printed complex aerodynamic shapes that were bonded to create completely new blades. After their installation on the new rotor, enabling the angle of attack adjusting, a number of verifying tests of the fan were carried out. The solution was successfully tested and the results are discussed in the article.

diesel engine, machine learning engine management, neural network models, control system coordination, and Technology

The tightening of diesel pollutant emission regulations has made Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) management through steady-state maps obsolete. To overcome the map’s scarce performance and efficiently manage the engine, control systems must cope with ICE transient operations, the coupling between its subsystem dynamics, and the tradeoff between different requirements. The work demonstrates the effectiveness of a reference generator that coordinates the air path and combustion control systems of a turbocharged heavy-duty diesel engine. The control system coordinator is based on neural networks and allows for following different engine-out Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) targets while satisfying the load request. The air path control system provides the global conditions for the correct functioning of the engine, targeting O2 concentration and pressure in the intake manifold. Through cooperation, the combustion control targets Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) and NOx to react to rapid changes in the engine operating state and compensates for the remaining deviations with respect to load and NOx targets. The reference generator and the two controller algorithms are suitable for real-time implementation on rapid-prototyping hardware. The performance overall was good, allowing the engine to follow different NOx targets with 150 ppm of deviation and to achieve an average BMEP error of 0.3 bar.

Education

This study aims to investigate lecturers' needs for academic writing learning materials and determine their prototypes. This study is qualitative research in the form of an exploratory case study. The research instruments were semi-open-ended questionnaires and unstructured and open-ended interview guides. The data were analyzed using content analysis. The results show that the developed learning material for academic writing skills contains seven needs for lecturers in the Department of Indonesian Language and Literature. Four of them have not been found by previous researchers. The results from this study provide new knowledge and contribution to the literature about the need to prototype the learning materials. The lecturers or other researchers can use these seven needs in prototyping learning materials for academic writing skills, such as the needs of learning materials, their forms, presentation system, language use, evaluation form, main menu design, and the way of creating learning materials.

3D printing, polylactic acid, bioreactor, mesenchymal niche, hematopoiesis, collagen scaffold, Biotechnology, and TP248.13-248.65

Faithful modeling of tissues and organs requires the development of systems reflecting their dynamic 3D cellular architecture and organization. Current technologies suffer from a lack of design flexibility and complex prototyping, preventing their broad adoption by the scientific community. To make 3D cell culture more available and adaptable we here describe the use of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology to rapid-prototype 3D printed perfusion bioreactors. Our 3D printed bioreactors are made of polylactic acid resulting in reusable systems customizable in size and shape. Following design confirmation, our bioreactors were biologically validated for the culture of human mesenchymal stromal cells under perfusion for up to 2 weeks on collagen scaffolds. Microenvironments of various size/volume (6–12 mm in diameter) could be engineered, by modulating the 3D printed bioreactor design. Metabolic assay and confocal microscopy confirmed the homogenous mesenchymal cell distribution throughout the material pores. The resulting human microenvironments were further exploited for the maintenance of human hematopoietic stem cells. Following 1 week of stromal coculture, we report the recapitulation of 3D interactions between the mesenchymal and hematopoietic fractions, associated with a phenotypic expansion of the blood stem cell populations.Our data confirm that perfusion bioreactors fit for cell culture can be generated using a 3D printing technology and exploited for the 3D modeling of complex stem cell systems. Our approach opens the gates for a more faithful investigation of cellular processes in relation to a dynamic 3D microenvironment.

Microservices, autoscalers, resource allocation, resource utilization, machine learning, random forest, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Cloud service providers have been shifting their workloads to microservices to take advantage of their modularity, flexibility, agility, and scalability. However, numerous obstacles remain to achieving the most out of microservice deployments, especially in terms of a Quality of Service (QoS). One possible approach to overcoming these obstacles is to perform autoscaling, which is the ability of cloud infrastructure and services to scale themselves up or down by changing their resource pool. There are two major categories of autoscaling: reactive and proactive. In reactive autoscaling, a feedback loop based on current workload resource usage is implemented to guide resource scaling. One disadvantage of reactive autoscaling is that it may result in inconsistencies between workload demand and resource allocation. In proactive autoscaling, a prediction model is used to guide the future allocation of resources according to current workload metrics. In this paper, a novel proactive autoscaling method is introduced where a two-state, machine-learning Random Forest (RF) model is designed to forecast the future CPU and memory utilization values required by the microservice workload. These predicted values are then used to adjust the resource pool both vertically (hardware resources) and horizontally (microservice replicas). The RF proactive autoscaler has been implemented on a home-grown, open-source microservice prototyping platform and verified using real-world workloads. The experiments show that the RF proactive autoscaler outperforms state-of-the-art ones in terms of allocated resources and latency. The increase in the utilization of allocated resources can reach 90% and the improvement in end-to-end latency, measured by the $95^{th}$ percentile, can reach 95%.

Direct-ink-writing, silver-conductive ink, additive manufacturing, printed electronics, ultra-wideband antennas, electrical conductivity, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Direct ink writing (DIW) of conductive ink is a printed electronics technology that allows a variety of electronic circuits to be produced in a simple way and with minimal waste of materials. In recent years it has been used for rapid prototyping of RF circuits typically working at S-band frequencies (2–4 GHz). In an attempt to extend this frequency range while maintaining cost-effective prototyping, this work has focused on proving the feasibility of DIW of silver-conductive (SC) ink for the fabrication of planar microwave circuits beyond 10 GHz, more specifically, ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas for medical applications. For this purpose, the DC and RF performance of the SC ink, as well as the FR4 substrate used, were first evaluated. Based on the comparison between experimental and simulated results, we have found that the effective RF conductivity of the SC ink is approximately 27.6% of its DC value and 3.4% of the copper conductivity. A few test microstrip circuits were fabricated by DIW, namely two S-band filters and one UWB antenna. The overall measured performance of all of them agreed well with simulations. In particular, the DIW antenna exhibited a bandwidth of 8.2 GHz (between 2.4 and 10.6 GHz), and was compared with an identical copper antenna showing that both have very similar characteristics. It was also found that the lower conductivity of SC ink as compared to copper led to a gain reduction of only 0.3 dB.

FPGA, hybrid multilevel converter, modular multilevel converter (MMC), rapid control prototyping (RCP), real-time simulation, voltage-source converter high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, and TK1-9971

Real-time simulation is important for ensuring the reliable operation of VSC-HVDC converters in power grids, particularly through the use of rapid control prototyping (RCP) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) based converter controllers. While real-time simulation is a common practice for modular multilevel converters (MMCs), it has been less frequently applied to the new class of hybrid cascaded multilevel converters (HCMCs). In this study, a universal equivalent model (UEM) is proposed for a range of HCMC topologies that combines accuracy and computational efficiency through the use of both CPUs and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). The proposed UEM is derived using the hybrid five-level converter (H5LC), a compact, efficient, and fault-tolerant VSC within the HCMC family. The UEM relies on CPUs to simulate the main circuits and controls of the main converter, and utilizes FPGAs to calculate the instantaneous voltages of a large number of full-bridge submodules (FBSMs), flying capacitors, and DC-side pole capacitors. In addition, the FBSMs’ voltage-balancing and switching algorithms are implemented on the FPGAs. The proposed real-time CPU/FPGA-based H5LC-UEM is compared to an offline CPU-based detailed equivalent model to verify its accuracy.

AI in education (AIEd), hands-free AI speaker, hands-on science laboratory class, rapid prototyping, natural language processing (NLP), Education, Information technology, and T58.5-58.64

The recent progress of natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition, and speech generation envisions using hands-free artificial intelligence (AI) speakers in classrooms to support student learning. In science education, the conventional hands-on laboratory education has been considered crucial in fostering students’ manipulative experimentation skills. However, touching things with gloved hands other than experimental equipment and apparatuses is strictly restricted because of the safety issue, which calls for another channel to get timely support. Therefore, we ideated that adopting hands-free AI speakers in the hands-on science laboratory classroom would support student learning. Using the rapid prototyping method, we designed and developed an AI speaker-based system that answers student queries concerning solution-making, experimental process, and waste liquid disposal, which corresponds to the initial, middle, and final phases of a laboratory class. The system was internally validated by usability tests of 9 expert panels and 18 university students, and then revised. The revised system was externally validated in an analytical chemistry experiment class for 3 sessions with 13 university students. We present the result of the prototype development, internal and external validations with quantitative and qualitative data. The AI speaker system enabled students to use the auditory learning mode in the laboratory while concentrating on the experimentation with their hands in the external validation.

greenery, automated design, sustainability, public health, landscape design, architecture, and Medicine

Increasing population and urbanization, with climate change consequences, such as rising temperatures, influence public health and well-being. The search to improve the quality of life in cities becomes one of the priority objectives. A solution can be found in the role of greenery in an urban environment and its impact on human health. This opens a path toward experimentation on microclimate green structures that can be inserted into dense urban spaces providing human and environmental benefits. The article proposes an automated greenery design method combined with rapid prototyping for such interventions. A theoretical analysis of the problem preceded the introduction of the method. The research process was developed in accordance with the main objectives of the CDIO framework (Conceive, Design, Implement, and Operate) with the SiL (Software in the Loop) and HiL (Hardware in the Loop) methods. Moreover, the applied test model allows for complex evaluation in order to ensure quality and directions for further development.

Social sciences (General) and H1-99

Qualitative research methods had to quickly adapt to using online platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic to limit in-person interactions. Online platforms have been used extensively for interviews and focus groups, but workshops with larger groups requiring more complex interactions have not been widely implemented. This paper presents a case study of a fully virtual social innovation lab on bioplastics packaging, which was adapted from a series of in-person workshops. A positive outcome of the online setting was diversifying the types of participants who could participate. Highly interactive activities such as icebreakers, networking, bricolage, and prototyping were particularly challenging to shift from in-person to online using traditional web conferencing platforms like Zoom. Creative use of online tools, such as Gather.Town and Kahoot!, helped unlock more innovative thinking by employing novel techniques such as gamification. However, challenges such as adapting facilitation for an online environment and exclusion of groups that do not have consistent access to internet and/or computers still need to be addressed. The reflections and lessons learned from this paper can help researchers adapt qualitative methods to virtual environments.

3dtechnology, pattern, prototyping, garment factories, virtual simulation), Fine Arts, Architecture, and NA1-9428

3D technology is considered one of the Pattern digital technologies that help this technology to increase, ease and speed of completion of industrial processes. This study deals with how to take advantage of 3D technology in developing the performance of the samples department in the technical department of ready-to-wear factories, in order to solve the problems of the samples section associated with the implementation of the 2D Pattern, as this problem was concluded through field study and practical experiences in ready-to-wear factories in Egypt.Controlling the fitting Pattern of clothes in the samples section faces many difficulties, the most important of which is the incompatibility of the industrial Pattern drawn with the human body “Pattern ". Where defects appeared in the product after conducting and implementing the first sample, which required making adjustments to the industrial Pattern and re-executing the sample a second time until it became free from defects and ready to perform the grading according to the measurements and the "order" of the operation order required to be executed to start production processes, which results in it. In the presence of lost time to implement the sample, as well as wasted effort, and wastes in the raw materials used in the implementation of the sample (fabric/ accessories / threads / and direct and indirect costs) that will be quantified after that.In order to find a solution to this problem, this research presents a case study using the "CLO5.1" program to improve the industrial Pattern in order to improve the quality of the male industrial Pattern drawing using 3D technology by making adjustments to some areas where the stress and stress ratios are high due to the lack of nan fitting of the Pattern. Industrial, which does not appear clearly even during implementation. The study concluded that the implementation of the CLO5.1 program in the sample section has succeeded in reducing the time wastage for sample production and the wastage of raw materials, thus reducing the cost of sample productionKey words :( 3Dtechnology ، pattern، Prototyping ، Garment Factories ،virtual simulation)

Stereolithography, Composite, Nickel, Electroless plating, Selective metallization, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, and TN1-997

The integration of multifunctional elements directly embedded in three-dimensional (3D) printed parts is the cutting-edge of additive manufacturing (AM) and it is crucial for enlarging as well as for strengthening AM role in industrial applications. Here, a straightforward and low-cost method that synergically combines stereolithography (SLA) and selective electroless metallization (EM) is presented for the fabrication of 3D parts characterized by complex shapes and end-use multifunctionalities (conductive, magnetic, mechanical properties). To this end, a novel photocurable composite based on acrylate resin loaded with nickel (Ni) particles is developed for high-resolution SLA-printing of features with self-catalytic properties for EM. Ni particles are loaded in the resin to trigger metal deposition avoiding time consuming and expensive laser-based surface activation. The effect of Ni content on SLA behavior as well as on the efficiency of EM process is studied. Metallized SLA cured samples show good electrical and magnetic properties as well as improved robustness with respect to their non-loaded counterparts. Then, selective metallization of 3D printed parts is successfully achieved by implementing a multi-material SLA-printing where loaded and non-loaded resins are properly interchanged with strong adhesion at the interface, thus offering a cost-effective approach for rapid prototyping of functional free-form features on 3D structures.

mathematical literacy, minimum competency assessment, numeracy problems, numeration, question exercise book, Mathematics, and QA1-939

Numeracy has become part of the Minimum Competency Assessment (MCA) used in the National Assessment (NA) since it was established in 2021. However, previous research shows that the numeracy skills of junior high school students are still in the low category. The purpose of this study was to obtain a prototype of a practice book about preparation for dealing with numeracy MCA for junior high school students that were valid, according to experts. This research was development research (RD) using the Plomp development model, which consists of preliminary research, a prototyping phase, and an assessment phase. At the end of the development stage, there was a formative evaluation to assess the product development's validity by two experts. The instrument used was the validation sheet for the numerical problems book. The results of this study obtained a prototype of the book that contains at least 90 numeracy problems for Junior High School students, which was categorized as valid with an average score of 89 and an excellent classification. The questions used include multiple choice, multiple complex choice, matchmaking, short essay questions, and essay. The dominant portion is in the form of complex multiple-choice questions. This book is suitable for students' preparation for the numeracy MCA.

cbt, queue job, prototyping, cache, Science, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Examinations in schools that still use paper require a great deal of time, effort and money to implement, especially in the activities of printing, duplicating and distributing exam questions to students who will take the exam. Therefore, we need a system that can facilitate the filling, duplication and distribution of questions at a small cost. Based on these problems, a web-based CBT application was built that can be accessed anywhere and anytime and can work on multiple platforms (multi-platform). This system was built using the prototyping method to make it easier for developers and users to develop applications from the initial prototype to the production stage. In practice, this application is expected to be able to accommodate exam activities for all students in the school at the same time. Based on this, the application that is made must have reliability and accuracy starting from the process of carrying out the exam to displaying the results. Researchers apply a cache and queue job system to the application to get maximum results. From the results of tests that have been carried out in three stages, the results show that this web-based CBT application is able to accommodate exam activities in schools with a total of 250 students in one exam session and can display a recap of exam results from all participants.

glass formation, soda-lime silicate glass, numerical modeling, modern architecture, literature review, glass production, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Architectural soda-lime silicate glass (SLS) is increasingly taking on complex shapes that require more detailed numerical analysis. Glass modeling is a thoroughly described topic with validated constitutive models. However, these models require a number of precise material parameters for SLS glass, and these are very sensitive to changes in glass composition. The currently available information is based on SLS glass tested in the late 1990s. As a result, most current publications are based on the above data. The object of this work was to analyze the available sources and update the information on selected key parameters for modeling. Using the currently utilized SLS glass in construction, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), glass transition temperature, and the Young’s modulus have been experimentally investigated. The updated material parameters will allow for more accurate modeling of the SLS glass currently used in construction, and in consequence will make the prototyping process for glass with complex geometries possible to be transferred from the production stage to the design stage, resulting in shorter production times.

3D printing, PJM, photocurable resins, polymers, polymer aging, Technology, Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, TK1-9971, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Microscopy, QH201-278.5, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Additive manufacturing is being increasingly used both for rapid prototyping as well as the fabrication of finished components. It is important to determine how the properties of 3D printed materials change over time and how they affect the durability and usability of products. The aim of the research presented in this article was to find out what influence the natural aging period had on the mechanical properties, especially the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, of specimens made from the selected photocurable resins using the PolyJet Matrix (PJM) technology. The tests involved determining the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of specimens fabricated in 2013 and 2014 using two types of photosensitive resins, i.e., FullCure 720 and VeroWhite, respectively. Some of the specimens were stored under laboratory conditions until July 2022 and then tested using a universal testing machine. The experimental data obtained in 2022 for the naturally aged models were compared with those reported for the as-printed specimens. One of the main findings of this study was that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the naturally aged specimens were largely dependent on the printing direction (model orientation on the build tray). The test results show that aging generally decreased the tensile strength of the specimens. In one case, however, an increase in this property was observed. For the X and Y printing directions, Rm declined by 27.1% and 30.7%, respectively. For the Z direction, a decrease of only 5.5% was reported, for Full Cure 720. The modulus of elasticity of the models tested in 2022 differed considerably from that reported for the as-printed objects. Higher values of the modulus of elasticity implied that the material stiffness increased over time, and this is a common phenomenon in polymers. Interesting results were obtained for VeroWhite specimens. The modulus of elasticity decreased significantly by 25.1% and 42.4% for the specimens printed in the X and Z directions, respectively. However, for the models built in the Y direction, it increased by 27.4%. The experimental data may be of significance to users of products manufactured using the PJM method as well as to researchers dealing with the durability and reliability of such materials.

Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, and Science

In a contemporary era, Additive Manufacturing (AM), 3D printing or rapid prototyping has evolved as a distinctive method when compared with the traditional manufacturing. By addressing the topic of Design for Additive Manufacturing (DFAM), it is observed that the basic principles of DFAM and Design for Assembly (DFA) are well established and usually applicable on small-size AM parts. To address this critical manufacturing decision, our research work presents a new decision support system (DSS) for a large-size AM part which is based on compiling the existing DFAM methodologies. Before presenting the new DSS, the previous DFAM approaches are reviewed and investigated the research trends in part decomposition (PD), part consolidation (PC), and topology optimization (TO). The literature is categorized into six distinctive categories and among them the first phase is the information phase. Following this information requisite step, the next phase is parameter assessment phase and so on. The new DSS starts with the clarification of the design goal while in previous approaches this step was usually done at the later stages. Similarly, the remaining steps are efficiently integrated into the framework structure. The developed system is also guiding the post-decomposition assembly process. The developed DSS is validated using the case study of a 6-axis robotic arm. Moreover, a comprehensive concept for using the developed DSS framework is also presented in the research work.

microdrilling, magnesium, microholes, micromachinability, holes quality, chip formation, Mechanical engineering and machinery, and TJ1-1570

The mechanisms of deep-hole microdrilling of pure Mg material were experimentally studied in order to find a suitable setup for a novel intraocular drug delivery device prototyping. Microdrilling tests were performed with 0.20 mm and 0.35 mm microdrills, using a full factorial design in which cutting speed vc and feed fz were varied over two levels. In a preliminary phase, the chip shape was evaluated for low feeds per tooth down to 1 μm, to verify that the chosen parameters were appropriate for machining. Subsequently, microdrilling experiments were carried out, in which diameter, burr height and surface roughness of the drilled holes were examined. The results showed that the burr height is not uniform along the circumference of the holes. In particular, the maximum burr height increases with higher cutting speed, due to the thermal effect that plasticizes Mg. Hole entrance diameters are larger than the nominal tool diameters due to tool runout, and their values are higher for high vc and fz. In addition, the roughness of the inner surface of the holes increases as fz increases.

type 2 diabetes mellitus, mhealth, mobile app, Medicine (General), and R5-920

Yu Heng Kwan,1– 4 Zhi Quan Ong,5 Dawn Yee Xi Choo,1 Jie Kie Phang,2,4 Sungwon Yoon,2,4 Lian Leng Low2,4,6– 9 1Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; 2Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; 3Internal Medicine Residency, SingHealth, Singapore, Singapore; 4Centre for Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore, Singapore; 5School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; 6Population Health & Integrated Care Office (PHICO), Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 7Department of Family Medicine and Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 8Post-Acute and Continuing Care, Outram Community Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; 9SingHealth Duke-NUS Family Medicine Academic Clinical Program, Singapore, SingaporeCorrespondence: Lian Leng Low, Department of Family Medicine & Continuing Care, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore, Tel +65 63265872, Email low.lian.leng@singhealth.com.sgBackground: Diabetes is a global public health issue, causing burden on healthcare system and increasing risk of mortality. Mobile applications (apps) can be a promising approach to facilitate diabetes self-management. An increasingly utilized approach to facilitate engagement with mobile health (mHealth) technology is to involve potential users in the creation of the technology.Objective: The aim of this study was to use co-design for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) self-management mHealth development.Methods: Three rounds of iterative rapid prototyping panel sessions were conducted with a total of 9 T2DM participants in an Asian setting between Oct 2020 and April 2021. The participants were recruited through convenience sampling. For each round, feedback was gathered through qualitative interviews, and the feedback was used as a reference by the development team to develop and test a more refined version of the app in the next round. Transcribed semi-structured interview data was analyzed thematically using an inductive approach.Results: Participants’ ages ranged from 40 to 69 years. Data saturation was reached, with no new themes emerging from the data. During the sessions, the participants expressed a variety of concerns and feedback on T2DM self-management using EMPOWER app and raised suggestions on the features of ideal T2DM self-management app. Important features include 1) reminders and notifications for medications, 2) Bluetooth integration with glucometers and blood pressure machines to minimize manual entry, 3) enlarged local food database including information on sugar content and recommendations for healthier options, 4) one touch for logging of routine medications and favorite foods, 5) export function for data sharing with physicians. Overall inputs concerned aspects such as user-friendliness of the app, customization possibilities, and educational content for the features in the mobile app.Conclusion: In this study, we explored users’ opinions on a T2DM self-management mobile app using co-design approach. This study adds to the growing body of literature on co-designing behavioral mHealth interventions and can potentially guide researchers in mobile app design for other chronic conditions.Keywords: type 2 diabetes mellitus, mHealth, mobile app

Tensile properties, International standard, Size effect, Additive manufacturing, Fused filament fabrication, Fused deposition modeling, Polymers and polymer manufacture, and TP1080-1185

Additive manufacturing (AM, also commonly termed 3D printing) is progressing from being a rapid prototyping tool to serving as pillar of the Industry 4.0 revolution. Thanks to their low density and ease of printing, polymers are receiving increasing interest for the fabrication of structural and lightweight parts. Nonetheless, the lack of appropriate standards, specifically conceived to consistently verify the tensile properties of polymer parts and benchmark them against conventional products, is a major obstacle to the wider uptake of polymer AM in industry. After reviewing the standardisation needs in AM with a focus on mechanical testing, the paper closely examines the hurdles that are encountered when existing standards are applied to measure the tensile properties of polymer parts fabricated by fused filament fabrication (FFF, aka fused deposition modeling, FDM), which is presently the most popular material extrusion AM technique. Existing standards are unable to account for the numerous printing parameters that govern the mechanical response of FFF parts. Moreover, the literature suggests that the raster- and layer-induced anisotropic behaviour and the complicated interplay between structural features at different length scales (micro/meso/macro-structure) undermine pre-existing concepts regarding the specimen geometry and classical theories regarding the size effect, and ultimately jeopardise the transferability of conventional tensile test standards to FFF parts. Finally, the statistical analysis of the tensile properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) FFF specimens printed according to different standards (ASTM D638 type I and ASTM D3039) and in different sizes provides experimental evidence to confirm the literature-based argumentation. Ultimately, the literature survey, supported by the experimental results, demonstrates that, until dedicated standards become available, existing standards for tensile testing should be applied to FFF with prudence. Whilst not specified in conventional standards, set-up and printing parameters should be fully reported to ensure the repeatability of the results, rectangular geometries should be preferred to dumbbell-like ones in order to avoid premature failure at the fillets, and the size of the specimens should not be changed arbitrarily.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Soft lithography has permitted rapid prototyping of precise microfluidic features by patterning a deformable elastomer such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a photolithographically patterned mold. In microfluidics applications where the flexibility of PDMS is a drawback, a variety of more rigid materials have been proposed. Compared to alternatives, devices fabricated from epoxy and glass have superior mechanical performance, feature resolution, and solvent compatibility. Here we provide a detailed step-by-step method for fabricating rigid microfluidic devices from soft lithography patterned epoxy and glass. The bonding protocol was optimized yielding devices that withstand pressures exceeding 500 psi. Using this method, we demonstrate the use of rigid high aspect ratio spiral microchannels for high throughput cell focusing.

Medicine and Science

Abstract Droplet microfluidics offers a platform from which new digital molecular assay, disease screening, wound healing and material synthesis technologies have been proposed. However, the current commercial droplet generation, assembly and imaging technologies are too expensive and rigid to permit rapid and broad-range tuning of droplet features/cargoes. This rapid prototyping bottleneck has limited further expansion of its application. Herein, an inexpensive home-made pipette droplet microfluidics kit is introduced. This kit includes elliptical pipette tips that can be fabricated with a simple DIY (Do-It-Yourself) tool, a unique tape-based or 3D printed shallow-center imaging chip that allows rapid monolayer droplet assembly/immobilization and imaging with a smart-phone camera or miniature microscope. The droplets are generated by manual or automatic pipetting without expensive and lab-bound microfluidic pumps. The droplet size and fluid viscosity/surface tension can be varied significantly because of our particular droplet generation, assembly and imaging designs. The versatility of this rapid prototyping kit is demonstrated with three representative applications that can benefit from a droplet microfluidic platform: (1) Droplets as microreactors for PCR reaction with reverse transcription to detect and quantify target RNAs. (2) Droplets as microcompartments for spirulina culturing and the optical color/turbidity changes in droplets with spirulina confirm successful photosynthetic culturing. (3) Droplets as templates/molds for controlled synthesis of gold-capped polyacrylamide/gold composite Janus microgels. The easily fabricated and user-friendly portable kit is hence ideally suited for design, training and educational labs.

dielectric-loaded resonator, surface resistance measurement, complex permittivity measurement, microwave material characterization, 3D printing materials, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

The spread of additive manufacturing techniques in the prototyping and realization of high-frequency applications renewed the interest in the characterization of the electromagnetic properties of both dielectric and conductive materials, as well as the design of new versatile measurement techniques. In this framework, a new configuration of a dielectric-loaded resonator is presented. Its optimization, realization, and use are presented. A measurement repeatability of about one order of magnitude lower than the commonly found values (10−3 on the Q-factor and 15×10−6 on the resonance frequency, given in terms of the relative standard deviations of repeated measurements) was reached thanks to the design of a closed resonator in which the samples can be loaded without disassembling the whole measurement fixture. The uncertainty levels, the ease of use, and the versatility of the realized system make its use of potential interest in numerous scenarios.

Internet of Things (IoT), development methodologies, agile methodologies, software engineering, Model-Based Engineering, Model-Driven Engineering, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

Throughout the evolution of software systems, empirical methodologies have been used in their development process, even in the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, to develop IoT-based systems (IoTS). In this paper, we review the fundamentals included in the manifesto for agile software development, especially in the Scrum methodology, to determine its use and role in IoTS development. Initially, 4303 documents were retrieved, a number that was reduced to 186 after applying automatic filters and by the relevance of their titles. After analysing their contents, only 60 documents were considered. Of these, 38 documents present the development of an IoTS using some methodology, 8 present methodologies focused on the construction of IoTS software, and 14 present methodologies close to the systems life cycle (SLC). Finally, only one methodology can be considered SLC-compliant. Out of 38 papers presenting the development of some IoTS following a methodology for traditional information systems (ISs), 42.1% have used Scrum as the only methodology, while 10.5% have used Scrum combined with other methodologies, such as eXtreme Programming (XP), Kanban and Rapid Prototyping. In the analysis presented herein, the existing methodologies for developing IoTSs have been grouped according to the different approaches on which they are based, such as agile, modelling, and service oriented. This study also analyses whether the different proposals consider the standard stages of the development process or not: planning and requirements gathering, solution analysis, solution design, solution coding and unit testing (construction), integration and testing (implementation), and operation and maintenance. In addition, we include a review of the automated frameworks, platforms, and tools used in the methodologies analysed to improve the development of IoTSs and the design of their underlying architectures. To conclude, the main contribution of this work is a review for IoTS researchers and developers regarding existing methodologies, frameworks, platforms, tools, and guidelines for the development of IoTSs, with a deep analysis framed within international standards dictated for this purpose.

innovation logic and organisation logic, innovation by and for operational personnel, Special Forces, military equipment, “something on the side”, combatant work, and Social Sciences

How do military personnel succeed in designing or perfecting equipment useful to their mission? This paper will analyse the production of material innovations that are characterised by their ability to respond to an operational need, whose design is based on the skills, resources and abilities of soldiers in the field, and whose modelling and prototyping do not require the deployment of major research and development resources. We will show that these activities are based on an inverted form of “something on the side”. More generally, the question arises as to the capacity of an institution marked by the rigour of its hierarchy to make accessible to its personnel the margins of autonomy necessary for the engagement of frugal forms of technological research and development. Through an analysis centred on two case studies—a grenade-launching pole and an oxygen mask for dogs—of innovation by and for Special Forces operatives, we highlight the difficulty, for the military institution, of making an ‘innovation logic’ coexist with an ‘organisation logic’ and articulating them.

sustainability, innovation, innovative sustainable business models, design thinking, framework, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, and GE1-350

The process of integrating sustainability into businesses and processes is still recent, both in startups, small and medium-sized companies and even multinationals. Sustainable business models became a phenomenon of global interest and Design Thinking has been increasingly used as a strategy to support this process. In this context, the aim of this article is to improve the understanding of how Design Thinking (DT) and its set of tools and methods contribute to the creation and innovation of sustainable business models (SBM). The analysis of frameworks indicates that the main methodologies linking Design Thinking and Sustainable Business Models are Workshops, Brainstorming, Co-creation and Prototyping. Also, approaches such as Circular Economy, Business Models and Product-Service System models are emerging as a means of enabling the collaborative consumption of products and services and with positive results for sustainable business. The analysis of the articles reveals that user-oriented innovation and analysis of stakeholder needs is present in practically all evaluated frames, but prototyping and experimentation represent a gap that should be better explored in the frameworks.

digital fabrication, design education, prototyping, FabLab, makerspace, sustainability education, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, and GE1-350

Design education utilising digital fabrication is characterised by a dynamic project-based learning environment in which ideas are embodied in prototypes. This environment affects the way design and fabrication activities are taught, including sustainability considerations in the process and the outcomes. With the objectives of refining the sustainability indicators in the context of digital fabrication design education and identifying educational interventions for improving sustainability, we analyse the processes and outcomes of a digital fabrication course. We further develop a conceptual framework for sustainable prototyping based on the prototyping and testing stages in the design thinking model. The sustainability considerations in the prototyping process and outcomes in the design education context in FabLab are exemplified. The findings will help enhance sustainability and develop interventions in the context of design education.

Robot-assisted English learning, Communicative English learning, Exploratory prototyping, Rapid prototyping, Technology, and Language and Literature

This paper presents a pilot study that focuses on the exploratory and rapid prototyping within the human-in-the-loop control of a self-constructed and developed educational robot in assisting communicative English learning in primary Education in Madrid, Spain. The study sample was composed of 37 3rd graders that attended four English learning program sessions in November 2021, in which robot integration plays a leading role as learning material. To achieve the above, an easy-to-build, programmed and economical LEGO Education Mindstorms EV3 package was optioned. Pre-and-post questionnaires, classroom observations, and an evaluation sheet that measures self-evaluation, peer evaluation, and teacher evaluation were applied. The result reveals students’ perception of the pioneering robot and although preliminary, presents validation of the technology for English class assistance. Another finding suggests that students’ stress generated from communication in English among peers was reduced with the companion of the robot. Due to the nature of a pilot study, both the number of sessions and the sample size are limited to determine if the robot is helpful in students’ vocabulary acquisition in the long run. Further study is to be conducted with the pioneer model to teach vocabularies of different categories for a longer period. The findings of this pilot study will serve as a reference in the attempt to develop and reproduce promising robots to assist English teaching and learning that are accessible to public schools.

computationel tankegang, videregående uddannelse, humaniora, programmering, Special aspects of education, and LC8-6691

Med udgangspunkt i det stigende behov for IT-kompetencer er de humanistiske uni­versitetsuddannelser begyndt at indføre kurser, der skal styrke de studerendes forståelse for informatik. Denne artikel undersøger, hvordan studerende på en masteruddannelse i IT på et humanistisk fakultet udvikler kompetencer i programmering og computationel tankegang. De studerende havde alle et obligatorisk kursus i Programmering og Proto­typing, og nogle af dem havde valgfag i Computational Thinking. Data består af obser­vationer fra kurserne, vurdering af de studerendes opgaver og fire fokusgruppe­interviews. (De studerende var delt i to grupper – en med Computational Thinking og den anden med kun Programmering og Prototyping.) Vi afholdt interviews før og efter kurserne for begge grupper for at afdække, hvordan elevernes synspunkter havde ændret sig. Begge grupper af studerende ser sig selv i koordinerende roller, hvor de samarbejder med programmører og andre softwareudviklere. De studerende der valgte valgfaget i Computational Thinking, viste et rigere ordforråd, når de beskrev computationel tanke­gangs begreber, praksisser og perspektiver. Evnen til at reflektere over de praktiske opgaver, herunder begreber, praksisser og perspektiver, synes essentiel for de studerendes fremtidige karriere, som humanister, der arbejder med teknologi. Resul­taterne viser, hvordan studerende kan udvikle deres forståelse af computationel tanke­gang med stilladsering mod computational empowerment. I processen så vi, hvordan studerende opnår en forståelse af computationel tankegang gennem arbejde med kon­cepter og praksisser, og hvor der opstod perspektiver ved at kombinere computationel tankegang med information og praksis fra andre discipliner.

additive manufactured parts, abs, fillers, mechanical properties, Technology, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, and TN1-997

Rapid prototyping (also known as additive manufacturing, AM) is a quickly developing process with increasing new applications in a large variety of industrial sectors (i.e., aerospace, automotive, medical, among others.) However, despite the great advantage of a decoupled price to part complexity of an AM fabricated structure, the material properties (largely governed by filament material and printing parameters) still present a significant limiting factor. In this context, the development of new filament materials for a wider range of applications has great potential. In this study, the influence of micro-scale filler reinforcement (powders), both natural (curauá) and synthetic (glass fibre), in the fabrication of an Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) filament was evaluated. The filler was controlled by weight fraction (~1%) and the filament was fabricated via extrusion. A commercially available 3D printer was used to print tensile and flexural specimens for mechanical characterization as per ASTM standards. The fracture morphology was analysed after tensile testing via optical microscopy in order to evaluate the effect of the fillers on the material deposition and void formation. No significant variation in the tensile properties was reported, except for the strain at failure, while more significant flexural strength variation was observed as a function of filler material. The fillers presented a significant effect on the void density of the fractured surface. It was demonstrated that this simple fabrication technique can generate novel filament materials that may enhance the mechanical properties or widen the range of application (e.g., faster decomposition times in nature for single-use plastics due to the hydrophilic nature of the natural filler and lower water absorption of the hydrophobic synthetic filler for marine environment applications).

pump, cfd, the head of the pump, power, efficiency, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the operation of two variants of centrifu-gal pump rotors, a description of the main parameters, and the influence of the blade geometry on the performance characteristics obtained. Rotors have been designed using the arc and point method. Based on the developed 3D CAD models, the rotors were printed using the rapid prototyping method on a 3D printer in FFF (Fused Filament Fabrication) technology, in order to experimentally verify the performance, by placing them on the Armfield FM50 test stand. The analysis part of the CFD includes a fluid flow in Ansys Fluent. The process of creating a flow domain and generating a structural mesh was described, along with the definition of boundary conditions, the definition of physical conditions and the turbulence model. The distribution of pressures and velocities in the meridional sections is shown graphically. The chapter with the experimental analysis contains a description of the measuring stand and the methodology used. The results obtained made it possible to generate the characteristics, making it possible to compare the results received. The results allowed to note the influence of geometry on the behavior of the rotors during operation in the system and to indicate that the arc rotor gets a 7% higher head and 2% higher efficiency than the point method rotor, which gives the basis for its commercial use in industry.

wireless control, thyristor rectifier, IoT, Arduino, NodeMCU, Bluetooth, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

The paper presents the implementation possibilities of remote control by use of wireless communication and mobile application dedicated to controlling systems of power electronics converters. The article focuses on Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies as they are currently the most commonly used in modern mobile devices. The authors wanted to check the usefulness of those methods in the application of a classic drive set with a DC motor. The MIT App Inventor programming environment, which allows quick prototyping of the mobile graphical interface, was used to develop the mobile application. The developed prototype of the mobile application is the second thread of the article, the aim of which is to propose a mobile application interface that enables safe control of the electric drive in an open loop. By repeated testing of the graphical structure of the application and the controls used, the authors obtained the final form of the interface, which, in their opinion, is absolutely required when developing such programs. The evaluated control strategy has been also used to control the rotational speed of a permanent magnet DC motor supplied by a three-phase thyristor rectifier. This paper’s research results have shown the proposed solutions’ advantages and disadvantages.

Additional Filtration, Diagnostic Radiology, 3D Printing, Prototyping, Calibration., and Science

The Calibration Laboratory (LCI) of the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN-/CNEN) offers calibration services for radiation measurements instruments used in radiation protection, diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. LCI produces radiation qualities and irradiation conditions which are in accordance with the national and international standard requirements. In order to establish the recommended radiation qualities for diagnostic radiology, X-ray beams generated in laboratory are modified for the irradiation conditions found in equipment routinely used in healthcare services. In this work, a new additional filtration system was developed to be adapted to the existing filter system at LCI. The new filter support can be coupled to the PTW Bench Control installed at the LCI X-ray system. Using a FDM 3D printer, a support model and a set of drawers were developed for the placement of additional filters. The models were also developed to fit each specific drawer of each filter to be used in the laboratory routine, coupled to the specific sensors that fit the spaces of the support part. Additionally, a microcontroller based on Arduino, micro switches, low- and high-level programming, allow checking of drawer status and integration of information with the laboratory control system. The system allows the recognition of the filter inserted in the drawer from sensors attached to the support. Tests were carried out to verify the usability of the system in the routine, adding Ag (silver) and Cu (copper) filters, for the characterization of attenuated radiation beams of interest in diagnostic radiology.

BIM, blockchain, construction supply chain, single source of truth, software prototype, Building construction, and TH1-9745

Blockchain technology has been proposed as a potential solution for coordinating information and trust to aid the development of a single source of the truth data model, going beyond peer-to-peer cash transactions. It is, therefore, argued that the construction supply chain (CSC) will resolve issues related to the lack of reliable platforms for construction and asset management operations once blockchain technology and Building Information Modelling (BIM) are integrated. Though there is no longer any debate about the importance of integrating blockchain technology with BIM, there is still a lack of academic literature on its proof of concept. This study aims to create a thorough proof of concept for integrating blockchain technology and BIM for supply chain data delivery. It demonstrated a step-by-step methodology starting from understanding the current business scenario and proposing logical system architecture, followed by selecting a blockchain platform, designing system architecture related to technologies, prototyping, and evaluating through a virtual business scenario. The software prototype presented in this paper helps establish the technological viability of a single source of the truth data model for integrating blockchain technology and BIM. The supply chain data delivery for handover was considered in this software prototype. However, the process used to create this software prototype can be replicated in future work on blockchain technology-based built environment applications or digital transformation in the built environment research.

Ankle Foot Orthosis, Dynamic Gait Rehabilitation, Multi-Stiffness Ankle Foot Orthosis, Quick Release, Orthosis, Medical technology, R855-855.5, Orthopedic surgery, and RD701-811

BACKGROUND: A posterior dynamic element ankle-foot orthosis (PDEAFO) uses a stiff carbon fibre strut to store and release energy during various mobility tasks, with the strut securely attached to the foot and shank-cuff sections. A design that allows the user to swap struts for specific activities could improve mobility by varying PDEAFO stiffness, but current approaches where bolts securely connect the strut to the orthosis make quick strut swapping time-consuming and impractical. OBJECTIVES: Design a novel quick release AFO (QRAFO) that can enable daily living strut-swapping and thereby enable better ankle biomechanics for the person’s chosen activity. METHODOLOGY: The novel QRAFO enables device stiffness changes through a quick release mechanism that includes a quick-release key, weight-bearing pin, receptacle anchor, and immobilization pin. A prototype was modelled and simulated with SolidWorks. Mechanical tests were performed with an Instron 4482 machine to evaluate quick release mechanism strength with running and 20° slope downhill walking loads. Quick release efficiency was then evaluated via two quick release functional tests, with four participants wearing a 3D printed QRAFO. FINDINGS: Simulated stress on the weight bearing pin, anchor, and surrounding carbon fibre structure under running and downhill walking loads did not exceed the yielding stress. Mechanical tests verified the simulation results. Four participants successfully swapped the strut within 25.01 ± 3.66 seconds, outperforming the 60.48 ± 10.88 seconds result for the hand-tightened bolted strut. A learning evaluation with one participant showed that, after approximately 30 swapping iterations, swap time was consistently below 10 seconds. CONCLUSION: The quick release mechanism accommodated running and slope walking loads, and allowed easy and fast strut removal and attachment, greatly reducing strut swap time compared to screw-anchor connections. Overall, the novel quick release AFO improved strut-swapping time without sacrificing device strength, thereby enabling people to use the most appropriate AFO stiffness for their current activity and hence improve mobility and quality of life. Layman's Abstract An advancement in ankle foot orthosis (AFO) design, named Posterior Dynamic Strut AFO (PDEAFO), securely attaches a strut to the foot and shank-cuff sections via bolts, to better match a user’s activity level. The PDEAFO design approach makes quick strut swapping impractical. A novel quick release PDEAFO design was created to enable AFO users to quickly switch struts when desired, therefore enabling better ankle biomechanics for the person’s chosen activity. The novel quick release AFO (QRAFO) includes a quick-release key, weight-bearing pin, receptacle anchor, and immobilization pin. To ensure appropriate QRAFO strength, simulated loads were tested before prototyping. The prototype was mechanical testing under maximum loads. To prove quick release mechanism efficiency, the author conducted controlled experiments between screw-anchor mechanism (used by PDEAFO) and quick release mechanism on 3D printed AFOs. Simulations demonstrated safe performance under walking, running, and downhill walking conditions. Mechanical testing proved component strength under maximum loads. Functional testing showed that participants can swap struts within 25.01± 3.66 seconds on the quick release AFO, outperforming the 60.48 ± 10.88 seconds result for the screw anchor mechanism. In conclusion, the quick release AFO improved strut-swapping time without sacrificing device strength, thereby enabling people to use the most appropriate AFO stiffness for their current activity and hence improve mobility and quality of life. Article PDF Link: https://jps.library.utoronto.ca/index.php/cpoj/article/view/38802/30399 How To Cite: Li W, Baddour N, Lemaire E.D. A novel quick release mechanism for ankle foot orthosis struts. Canadian Prosthetics & Orthotics Journal. 2022; Volume 5, Issue 2, No.3. https://doi.org/10.33137/cpoj.v5i2.38802 Corresponding Author: Edward D. Lemaire, PhD Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada. E-Mail:elemaire@ohri.ca ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-2623

creativity, aesthetics, effectuation, design, ideation, new product development, Technology (General), T1-995, Technological innovations. Automation, and HD45-45.2

This paper presents an experiential learning exercise to (a) Provide students with an effective analogy of the way entrepreneurs identify opportunities and solve problems in the development of new products, (b) Help them to reflect on the importance of defining a Creative Workflow in entrepreneurial endeavors, and (c) Encouraging students to practice Empathy. The proposed exercise is built on using cooking as a metaphor for design-driven innovation. The exercise design is grounded on effectuation, human-centered design, and pedagogic approaches relying on co-creation and prototyping (Aalto Design Factory, 2017). The exercise was created during the pandemic as part of a broader attempt to migrate an entrepreneurship course online. Since the course intensively used prototyping and design exercises, there was a need to find effective ways to transfer these teaching experiments to a virtual environment. The exercise was demoed to academic instructors during a virtual international conference on design-driven innovation. The experts’ feedback and reactions were collected through the video recording of the session and follow-up conversations. This paper will present the exercise in detail, lessons learned, and reflections extracted from the demo session.

experiential learning, product development, Interpersonal skills, multidiciplinary Education, Technology (General), T1-995, Technological innovations. Automation, and HD45-45.2

This paper addresses the learning outcomes and student perceptions of the Aalto University PdP course, which promotes experiential learning and where multidisciplinary master student teams work on industry-based projects. These outcomes were collected through a questionnaire filled by students voluntarily, which focussed on what were the main competencies, where they were acquired and what was the core learning. The results highlight the significance of interpersonal skills, which formed the most significant category reported by students, and were perceived as critical for project success. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the multifaceted role that prototyping plays in communication and sense-making.

modelling, verification, boundedness, error detection, real-life CPS, FPGA, and Technology

This paper presents a novel design approach of a Petri-net-based cyber-physical system (CPS). The idea is oriented toward implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The proposed technique permits error detection in the system at the early specification stage in order to reduce the time and prototyping cost of the CPS. Due to the state explosion problem, the traditional verification methods have exponential computational complexity. In contrast, we show that under certain assumptions, the proposed algorithm is able to detect possible errors in the system even in cubic O(|T|2|P|) time. Furthermore, all the required steps of the proposed design method are presented and discussed. The idea is illustrated by a real-life case study example of a traffic light crossroad. The system was modelled, analysed, implemented, and finally validated within the FPGA device (Virtex-5 family).

Digital twin, Wind energy, Game engine, Unreal Engine, Simulation, Energy industries. Energy policy. Fuel trade, and HD9502-9502.5

Abstract Digital twin technologies have become popular in wind energy for monitoring and what-if scenario investigation. However, developing a digital representation of the wind is challenging, especially due to the digital twin platform constraints. Game engines might be possible to solve this issue, especially since game engines have been used for product design, testing, prototyping, and also digital twins. Therefore, this study investigates the potential of developing a digital twin of wind power in the Unreal game engine. A case study of two types of wind turbines (Vestas V164-8 and Enercon E-126 7.580) and one location (Esbjerg, Denmark) is chosen for this study. The digital twin includes the environment with historical wind data and the visual representation of the wind turbine with a wind power production model and the estimated production in the given wind conditions of the area. The results show that game engines are viable for building entire digital twins where a realistic graphical user interface is required. Unreal Engine 5 provides the tools for modelling the landscape, surrounding water, and lighting. In addition, the Unreal Engine ecosystem provides vast amounts of content, such as 3D assets and game logic plugins, easing the digital twin development. The results prove that digital twins built in Unreal Engine 5 have great potential development of digital twins and user interfaces for communicating with a digital twin. The developed digital twin allows for further extension to benefit future digital twins utilizing wind turbines.

3D printing, biosensors, cell culture, microfluidics, miniaturization, Biotechnology, and TP248.13-248.65

Abstract Since its invention in the 1980s, 3D printing has evolved into a versatile technique for the additive manufacturing of diverse objects and tools, using various materials. The relative flexibility, straightforwardness, and ability to enable rapid prototyping are tremendous advantages offered by this technique compared to conventional methods for miniaturized and microfluidic systems fabrication (such as soft lithography). The development of 3D printers exhibiting high printer resolution has enabled the fabrication of accurate miniaturized and microfluidic systems—which have, in turn, substantially reduced both device sizes and required sample volumes. Moreover, the continuing development of translucent, heat resistant, and biocompatible materials will make 3D printing more and more useful for applications in biotechnology in the coming years. Today, a wide variety of 3D‐printed objects in biotechnology—ranging from miniaturized cultivation chambers to microfluidic lab‐on‐a‐chip devices for diagnostics—are already being deployed in labs across the world. This review explains the 3D printing technologies that are currently used to fabricate such miniaturized microfluidic devices, and also seeks to offer some insight into recent developments demonstrating the use of these tools for biotechnological applications such as cell culture, separation techniques, and biosensors.

Therapeutics. Pharmacology and RM1-950

Additive manufacturing (AM) has increasing applications in medicine in recent times. This technology has emerged in cardiovascular medicine as an intelligent system for the improvement of medical devices, the preparation of patient-specific models, and the prototyping of grafts. This review traces the research and development in the production of surgical guides and synthetic grafts for cardiac and vascular applications over the last few years. It also traces the recent widespread use of 3D-printed specific-patient models for cardiovascular surgical interventions. A current view of AM strategies, materials and solutions to improve cardiovascular patient outcomes is also provided.

active load, power supply testing, cost-efficient, load emulation, fast prototyping, arbitrary current absorption, and General Works

The increased use of DC renewable energy resources and DC storage systems, combined with the necessary reduction of energy waste, is boosting the development of DC smart grids. In this scenario, DC load emulation is of great importance. From the hardware point of view, DC buses stability of smart grids and the different DC/DC converter topologies must be tested. From the software point of view, smart grid strategies and job schedulers must be tested with different power absorption profiles. Moreover, DC load emulation can be useful for many other purposes, such as battery characterization, power supply testing, photovoltaic I-V curve measurements, etc. In this work, a cost-efficient DC Active Load (AL) solution is proposed. The principle of the circuit topology is a buck-boost-derived converter. This solution can be designed and tested considering the required voltage, current, and maximum input power. Both simulation and experimental results are shown on a 400 W size prototype. Thermal and electrical results validate the simulation model and the AL feasibility.

additive manufacturing, fiber-reinforced composites, additive fusion, consolidation, process-induced deformations, porosity evaluation, and Technology

Substitution of conventional metal structures with fiber-reinforced polymers is possible because of their sustainable performance. One of the primary disadvantages of these composite materials is their high cost due to labor-intensive manufacturing. Because the fiber path can be steered directly along the load path, structures can be manufactured in a near-net shape, and a high degree of reproducibility with low scrap rates can be achieved. Additive manufacturing of these composite structures could enable cost efficiency with a high degree of complexity. However, the high degree of porosity and high void content between the printed fiber filaments results in unacceptable structural performance. Following the printing process, a post-consolidation process (additive fusion) can be performed to improve the mechanical performance of the part and use fiber-reinforced polymers for load-bearing applications. Numerical simulation of the consolidation process enables the production of these complex parts without expensive prototyping iterations. Because of the rapid and local changes in material stiffness, the simulation of the consolidation process is combined with a set of numerical model convergence problems. An advanced finite-element numerical model for simulating the consolidation process of additive manufactured continuous fiber composite parts is presented in this paper. The additive fusion step simulation allows for the evaluation of process-induced deformations, final engineering constants, and porosity. The simulation workflow is demonstrated and validated using experimental data from the manufacturing process of a typical aerospace part, specifically a helicopter hinge element.

3D printing, bioprinting, otorhinolaryngology-ENT surgery applications, rapid prototyping, and Medicine

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing has allowed great progression in the medical field. In otolaryngology practice, 3D printing can be used for planning in case of malformation/complex surgery, for surgeon training, and for recreating missing tissues. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current benefits and the possible future application of 3D technologies in the otolaryngology field. Methods: A systematic review of articles that discuss the use of 3D printing in the otolaryngology field was performed. All publications without the restriction of time and that were published by December 2021 in the English language were included. Searches were performed in the PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Embase databases. Keywords used were: “3D printing”, “bioprinting”, “three-dimensional printing”, “tissue engineering” in combination with the terms: “head and neck surgery”, “head and neck reconstruction”, “otology”, “rhinology”, “laryngology”, and “otolaryngology”. Results: Ninety-one articles were included in this systematic review. The articles describe the clinical application of 3D printing in different fields of otolaryngology, from otology to pediatric otolaryngology. The main uses of 3D printing technology discussed in the articles included in the review were surgical planning in temporal bone malformation, the reconstruction of missing body parts after oncologic surgery, allowing for medical training, and providing better information to patients. Conclusion: The use of 3D printing in otolaryngology practice is constantly growing. However, available evidence is still limited, and further studies are needed to better evaluate the benefits of this technology.

Digitalisierung, Fortbildung, Lernumgebungen, mobile learning, Education (General), and L7-991

Der Beitrag beschreibt im Sinne des „Educational Design Research“ (Plomp, 2013) die Ergebnisse einer systematischen Untersuchung von Herausforderungen beim Transfer digital unterstützter Lernumgebungen im Kontext schulpraktischer Erprobungen als Teil von Lehrkräftefortbildungen mit dem Ziel der Entwicklung eines Chatbots zur Unterstützung des handlungsbasierten Wissenserwerbs im situierten Lernen. Dazu sind Lernverläufe der Lehrenden als Lernende u.a. mittels Portfolios (n = 19) erfasst und mit einer qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet worden. Zentrale Ergebnisse beziehen sich hierbei auf Praktiken des Planens und Vorbereitens als Voraussetzung professionellen Unterrichtshandelns. Darauf aufbauend haben Praktiker*innen (n = 10) sowie Expert*innen (n = 6) in einem Knowledge-Exchange-Prozess mit einem Prototyping-Ansatz interdisziplinär Unterstützungs- und Lösungsmöglichkeiten erarbeitet. Aus diesen Ideen wurde ein Chatbot-Prototyp basierend auf Prinzipien des „mobile learning“ gestaltet. Der Beitrag schließt mit der Vorstellung der Chatbot-Kernelemente sowie der Einordnung der Ergebnisse und gibt einen Ausblick auf den anschließenden Entwicklungszyklus.

Manufactures, TS1-2301, Technological innovations. Automation, and HD45-45.2

Abstract Industry 4.0 has ushered in a new era of digital manufacturing and in this context, digital twins are considered as the next wave of simulation technologies. The development and commissioning of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) is taking advantage of these technologies to improve product quality while reducing costs and time to market. However, existing practices of virtual design prototyping and commissioning require the cooperation of domain specific engineering fields. This involves considerable effort as development is mostly carried out in different departments using vendor specific simulation tools. There is still no integrated simulation environment commercially available, in which all engineering disciplines can work collaboratively. This presents a major challenge when interlinking virtual models with their physical counterparts. This paper therefore addresses these challenges by implementing a holistic and vendor agnostic digital twin solution for design prototyping and commissioning practices. The solution was tested in an industrial use case, in which the digital twin effectively prototyped cost‐efficient solar assembly lines.

multi-hazard, accumulation risk, geometric modeling, morphometry, cellular automaton, virtual reality, and Medicine

Extreme disasters, defined as low-probability–high-consequences events, are often due to cascading effects combined to amplifying environmental factors. While such a risk complexity is commonly addressed by the modeling of site-specific multi-risk scenarios, there exists no harmonized approach that considers the full space of possibilities, based on the general relationships between the environment and the perils that populate it. In this article, I define the concept of a digital template for multi-risk R&D and prototyping in the Generic Multi-Risk (GenMR) framework. This digital template consists of a virtual natural environment where different perils may occur. They are geological (earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions), hydrological (river floods, storm surges), meteorological (windstorms, heavy rains), and extraterrestrial (asteroid impacts). Both geological and hydrological perils depend on the characteristics of the natural environment, here defined by two environmental layers: topography and soil. Environmental objects, which alter the layers, are also defined. They are here geomorphic structures linked to some peril source characteristics. Hazard intensity footprints are then generated for primary, secondary, and tertiary perils. The role of the natural environment on intensity footprints and event cascading is emphasized, one example being the generation of a “quake lake”. Future developments, à la SimCity, are finally discussed.

hrm 4.0, workforce engagement, skills management, voice behavior, Industrial engineering. Management engineering, and T55.4-60.8

The human factor is considered fundamental to the industrial digital upgrade, but it must be at the center of this innovation, through the mitigation of turnover and skills needs. One of the strategies to promote employee retention, is by promoting training (associated with skills management). Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to present the modeling and prototyping of a disruptive tool that allows an easy visibility of employee competencies (employee´s gaps) while emphasizing their preferences to promote the voice behavior. This device aims to foster individual organizational development, providing greater agility and employee involvement in organizations.

software engineering, spiral model, slr, Information technology, and T58.5-58.64

The spiral model is one of the methods used to perform software engineering development and can also be used for development in other fields. This spiral model is the result of a modification from the combination of the waterfall model and prototyping model so that it has many advantages including in each result an evaluation will be carried out, carried out sequentially or systematically, and is more focused in carrying out risk analysis from each stage. Has a function in development to make changes, additions and developments by determining accuracy and speed based on needs. In its implementation the spiral model has been carried out in various fields, but the results of the implementation are not yet known in what scope and how many implementations each year. This study aims to identify the results of the implementation of the spiral model development with data obtained from related papers in the 2012-2022 range. The method used in this study is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the aim of identifying, reviewing, evaluating, and concluding all research on each relevant paper. The results showed that the spiral model development was mostly implemented in software development with a total of 19 papers and in the education sector as many as 17 papers, while the peak of the spiral model development was mostly implemented in 2016 and then increased again in 2021

augmented reality, virtual guide, multatuli museum, android, Information technology, T58.5-58.64, Computer software, and QA76.75-76.765

Multatuli Museum has been established for several years and is visited by many tourists. However, in practice the Multatuli Museum often lacks museum guides when there is an increase in visits, so that visitors who are not accompanied by a tour guide do not get complete information. In addition, the lack of interest of the younger generation in visiting museum attractions so that by applying Augmented Reality technology to the Multatuli Museum is expected to attract visitors, especially the younger generation. Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that is able to insert 3D and 2D objects into a real environment in real-time to display a Virtual Guide at the Multatuli Museum. The author creates an animation in the form of a virtual guide for the Multatuli Museum using Blender software to create 3D animations and using Unity software to build the application as well as the Vuforia extension for Unity with C# programming language. The author uses the prototyping method as the application development method and uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML) as the system design. This research produces an Augmented Reality Application that can be used on Android smartphones. This application is capable of displaying 3D animations that provide information about the showrooms in the Multatuli Museum. Based on black box testing all features in the application are 100% running well. with this application visitors feel helped when the tour guide is limited and feel happy because there is still a Virtual tour guide who helps in the museum.

Monitoring, Tower, Gyroscope Sensor, Microcontroller, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Technology (General), and T1-995

This research is a research and development research that aims to find out the results of the development of tower slope monitoring tools using the ESP32 Microcontroller-Based Sensor Gyroscope and find out the test results of the tool tower tilt monitoring using the ESP32 Microcontroller-Based Gyroscope Sensor. The development model used in this study is a prototyping model with stages of collecting needs, building prototypes, evaluating prototypes, coding s i stem, testing sistem, evaluation sistem, use s istem. The data used are interviews, questionnaires, observations and measurements. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. Based on the results of this study, a prototype of a tower slope monitoring tool was produced that was used to monitor the slope of the tower remotely through the telegram application. From the test results of the tower tilt monitoring tool using the MPU6050 gyroscope sensor based on the ESP32 microcontroller, it was found that the average time it takes to receive notifications if they occur the slope is 3.21 seconds. The results of the pecan test n there is a difference in the angle read at a height of 1 meter is 0.3 degrees, a height of 2 meters 0.2 degrees, a height of 3 meters 0.22 degrees, and a height of 4 meters 0.18 degrees. The results of the functional suitability test show that the tool functions as designed. The usability characteristic of the tower slope monitoring tool gets an average score of being included in the excellent category.

design thinking, design language, computational design, design development, architectural structures, prototyping, Mechanical drawing. Engineering graphics, and T351-385

This paper explores the creation of architectural structures through parametric design tools. The proposed methodology presents an alternative framework of using digital tools for the product design development from the design thinking point of view. The main core of the suggested design process includes a great number of theoretical issues from design identity, design language and architectural design areas. As a result, designers can develop constructions for public spaces that are based on innovative morphologies by using new digital design techniques such as computational design (Rhino3D © and Grasshopper ©). The development of an architectural structure that aims to bring greenery into the city and increase the rest and action spaces is presented. A valuable aspect of this exploration is in positioning the proposed design framework inside - to aid in the creative process and better leverage downstream outcomes. The final steps of the proposed methodology include the production of the final architectural structure through rapid prototyping, laser cutting and engraving techniques.

web development life cycle (wdlc), information system, road damage., Mathematics, QA1-939, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Government infrastructure development is growing rapidly, starting from the central and provincial levels. One of the infrastructures currently being pushed by the government is road infrastructure. Both toll roads, regional roads, and district/city roads. Road infrastructure that has been built requires maintenance and repair. Road damage maintenance and repair in urban districts, especially Madiun Regency, Existing Road damage data is still recorded manually using paper, where the government needs help knowing data on road damage that has been recorded, which road conditions have not been repaired, and which have been fixed immediately. Because manual data is prone to wear and loss, tucked in with other manual files. So, the road improvement priority in Madiun Regency still needs to be put on target. For this reason, an information system is required to record the damage to road infrastructure in Madiun Regency. This information system was built using the web development life cycle (WDLC) method. We chose this method because it can be used in all web application development processes and can be modified or added to prototyping and looping to maximize results. The information system for road damage in Madiun Regency was developed using the PHP & MySQL programming languages. The result of this study is a road damage information system that contains updated data on road damage conditions in the Madiun district. Apart from being paperless, digitized data has the advantage of minimal damage and expected data loss and can help decision-makers prioritize repairs by looking at the data in the road damage information system.

problem-solving ability, realistic mathematics education, derivative topics, Education, Mathematics, and QA1-939

This study discusses the development of learning design for derivative topics based on Realistics Mathematics Education (RME). The design developed is different from the designs that have been developed by previous researchers, where in this study, the derivative concept was introduced through the flying fox trajectory, which refers to students' understanding of limits and average velocity. This development aims to obtain a valid, practical, and effective learning design in derivative topics to develop students' mathematical problem-solving abilities. The development model combines the Plomp and Gravemeijer & Cobb models, which are divided into the preliminary research stage, the development or prototyping stage, and the assessment stage. In the preliminary stage, needs analysis, curriculum analysis, concept analysis, and literature review are carried out. Product prototype development is carried out at the development stage, and formative evaluation consists of self-evaluation, expert validation, one-to-one, and small group phases. In this article, the study focuses on findings from one-to-one activities at the development stage. Through one-to-one activities, the resulting design was tested on three students with different abilities to find out whether this product could later be implemented in the classroom. After students learn to use the design, at the end of the activity, students are given a problem-solving ability test to determine the impact of the design on students' problem-solving abilities. The final product obtained is Local Instructional Theory (LIT) of derivative topics, valid, practical, and impact students' problem-solving abilities of RME-based teacher and student books

Computational technique, Prototype, Software development, Artificial intelligent, Electric apparatus and materials. Electric circuits. Electric networks, and TK452-454.4

The software development process is witnessing an increasing trend among many educational and non-educational institutions and companies. Where many enterprise managers are attracted to the benefits of software development to improve the performance of the existing programs and increase their efficiency.The present study aims to develop an employee information management system. To obtain this objective, the initial Prototype was adopted in the development process. A new analysis and design that is commensurate with the opinions of senior managers is conducted in the present study with the participation of users to facilitate the process of software design and to analyze the current system for development purposes using prototypes in the UML environment.On the other hand, Through this study, we reached results There are many benefits through the development of the existing programs such as reducing costs and time that systems designers spend in the stages of system creation through implementation, training, maintenance, and system testing.

plotter cutter, stencil mask, material patterning, Kirby-Bauer, antibiotics testing, minimal inhibitory concentration detection, Mechanical engineering and machinery, and TJ1-1570

Plotter cutters in stencil mask prototyping are underutilized but have several advantages over traditional MEMS techniques. In this paper we investigate the use of a conventional plotter cutter as a highly effective benchtop tool for the rapid prototyping of stencil masks in the sub-250 μm range and characterize patterned layers of organic/inorganic materials. Furthermore, we show a new diagnostic monitoring application for use in healthcare, and a potential replacement of the Standard Kirby-Bauer Diffusion Antibiotic Resistance tests was developed and tested on both Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas alfalfae as pathogens with Oxytetracycline, Streptomycin and Kanamycin. We show that the reduction in area required for the minimum inhibitory concentration tests; allow for three times the number of tests to be performed within the same nutrient agar Petri dish, demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally resulting in correlations of R ≈ 0.96 and 0.985, respectively for both pathogens.

context-based interface prototyping, autonomous vehicles, human–machine interfaces, prototyping methods, simulation, physical context, Technology, and Science

Before autonomous vehicles (AVs; SAE levels 4 and 5) become broadly available, acceptance challenges such as trust and safety concerns must be overcome. In the development of appropriate HMIs that will tackle these challenges, physical and social context play essential roles. Contextual factors thus need to be considered in early prototyping stages. Based on a qualitative semi-systematic literature review and knowledge from our research, this paper elaborates on the value of context-based interface prototyping in the AV domain. It provides a comprehensive overview and a discussion of applicable methods, including physical lab-based prototyping (mock-up, ride simulation with virtual and mixed reality, and immersive video), social context simulation (actors, enactment, items and props, and sound), wizard-of-oz, and experimental vehicles. Finally, the paper discusses factors affecting the impact of prototyping and derives recommendations for the application of prototyping methods in future AV studies.

additive manufacturing, 3d printing, china, Economics as a science, and HB71-74

Additive manufacturing - or three-dimensional (3D) printing - refers to a group of technologies characterised by an accelerating maturation trend, which allow the creation of three-dimensional objects based on digital models, by sequentially applying and integrating layers of various traditional and innovative materials, from metals, polymers and ceramics, to graphene and other nanomaterials and composites. The technologies have applications in a variety of industries, from consumer goods production, automotive and aircraft parts, architecture and construction, to medical services and devices, or research and defence. Globally, the additive manufacturing market, which includes equipment, materials and 3D printing as a service, as well as their applications for prototyping and rapid manufacturing, has been valued at USD 15.4billion in 2020, with existing projections reflecting a four-fold increase to USD 61.1 billion in 2027. By the same date, China – the current 'factory of the world' – is projected to have a significant but less than one-quarter share of the global market – USD14.5 billion – against the backdrop of existing gaps difficult to narrow down.

Medicine and Science

Abstract This paper introduces a system that incorporates several strategies based on scientific models of how the brain records and recovers memories. Methodologically, an incremental prototyping approach has been applied to develop a satisfactory architecture that can be adapted to any language. A special case is studied and tested regarding the Spanish language. The applications of this proposal are vast because, in general, information such as text way, reports, emails, and web content, among others, is considered unstructured and, hence, the repositories based on SQL databases usually do not handle this kind of data correctly and efficiently. The conversion of unstructured textual information to structured one can be useful in contexts such as Natural Language Generation, Data Mining, and dynamic generation of theories, among others.

piezoelectric transducer, ultrasonic transducer, manufacturing, rapid prototyping, additive manufacturing, 3D printing, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

We present a rapid prototyping method for sub-megahertz single-element piezoelectric transducers by using 3D-printed components. In most of the early research phases of applying new sonication ideas, the prototyping quickness is prioritized over the final packaging quality, since the quickness of preliminary demonstration is crucial for promptly determining specific aims and feasible research approaches. We aim to develop a rapid prototyping method for functional ultrasonic transducers to overcome the current long lead time (>a few weeks). Here, we used 3D-printed external housing parts considering a single matching layer and either air backing or epoxy-composite backing (acoustic impedance > 5 MRayl). By molding a single matching layer on the top surface of a piezoceramic in a 3D-printed housing, an entire packaging time was significantly reduced ( 1) at focus with temporal pulse controllability (maximum amplitude by pp far-field transmitting sensitivity with 25.3% fractional bandwidth whereas the type B transducer showed 2.1 kPa/Vpp transmitting sensitivity with 43.3% fractional bandwidth. As this method provided discernable quickness and cost efficiency, this detailed rapid prototyping guideline can be useful for early-phase sonication projects, such as multi-element therapeutic ultrasound array and micro/nanomedicine testing benchtop device prototyping.

participatory sensing, comfort perception, open-source, wireless sensor network, indoor environment, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

We present an open-source wireless network and data management system for collecting and storing indoor environmental measurements and perceived comfort via participatory sensing in commercial buildings. The system, called a personal comfort and indoor environment measurement (PCIEM) platform, consists of several devices placed in office occupants’ work areas, a wireless network, and a remote database to store the data. Each device, called a PCFN (personal comfort feedback node), contains a touchscreen through which the occupant can provide feedback on their perceived comfort on-demand, and several sensors to collect environmental data. The platform is designed to be part of an indoor climate control system that can enable personalized comfort control in real-time. We describe the design, prototyping, and initial deployment of a small number of PCFNs in a commercial building. We also provide lessons learned from these steps. Application of the data collected from the PCFNs for modeling and real-time control will be reported in future work. We use hardware components that are commercial and off-the-shelf, and our software design is based on open-source tools that are freely and publicly available to enable repeatability.

3D printing, nozzle clogging, machine learning, smart monitoring, Chemical technology, and TP1-1185

Three-dimensional printing, often known as additive manufacturing (AM), is a groundbreaking technique that enables rapid prototyping. Monitoring AM delivers benefits, as monitoring print quality can prevent waste and excess material costs. Machine learning is often applied to automating fault detection processes, especially in AM. This paper explores recent research on machine learning-based mechanical fault monitoring systems in fused deposition modeling (FDM). Specifically, various machine learning-based algorithms are applied to measurements extracted from different parts of a 3D printer to diagnose and identify faults. The studies often use mechanical-based fault analysis from data gathered from sensors that measure attitude, acoustic emission, acceleration, and vibration signals. This survey examines what has been achieved and opens up new opportunities for further research in underexplored areas such as SLM-based mechanical fault monitoring.

smart spaces, Internet of Things (IoT), design science research, theoretical framework, smart city, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, and GE1-350

In the last decade, the need for smart-space design has been on the rise. Various data collected from Internet-of-Things (IoT) and sensors are used to optimize the operation of smart spaces, which, in urban areas, are evolving into smart cities. How can smart spaces provide value to citizens? There is a need to develop smart services that leverage emerging technologies while taking an inclusive and empowering approach to the inhabitants. To address this need, we present a framework for designing smart spaces and we use a bottom-up (inclusive) approach to instantiate a smart kiosk (SK). The SK prototype provides a practical approach for transforming a traditional building into a smart space utilizing IoT and artificial intelligence technologies. The design science research (DSR) methodology was followed for designing and evaluating the prototype. An iterative process that involves occupant feedback and brainstorming sessions coupled with a literature review was carried out to identify the issues and services related to a smart building. The SK prototype implements three intelligent services that were prioritized by the citizens of the building. The results show that the SK has a high usage and acceptance rate and it can transform a lobby into a highly engaged and smart building space. The prototyping process suggests important factors to ideate and assess smart services and shows that small-scale projects can be successful to enable smart buildings. The framework provides a theoretical contribution while the design and development process assists practitioners in identifying and developing intelligent services based on IoT technology.

commercialization, cost calculation, management accounting, prototyping, Environmental effects of industries and plants, TD194-195, Renewable energy sources, TJ807-830, Environmental sciences, and GE1-350

R&D requires expertise in the basic sciences, technical and technological knowledge, legal regulations and business, it seems necessary to enhance collaboration between researchers and businesses, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. In this paper, we present a case study of a collaboration between a university and a company in the implementation of R&D projects. The primary research methods used in this study comprised literature analysis, case study analysis, participant observation, direct observation, deductive reasoning, and the authors’ experience with prototype interview design, including telephone interviews (quantitative survey) and interviews with market experts and/or individuals responsible for specific processes in diagnostic and testing laboratories. The calculations presented for studied projects showed a large disproportion between the costs incurred for the production of prototypes and the selling price accepted by the market. However, this does not preclude profitability. Further analysis of the technological processes, materials, components, etc. should be carried out in order to point out the optimization measures and consequently to achieve the target profitability of the product. Conducting R&D works should take into account the task of commercialization. The use of the concept of target costing facilitates the initial assessment of project profitability and should be recommended when conducting R&D, especially at higher stages of technological readiness of the product. Projects involving a higher level of technological readiness should be carried out not only by people representing life sciences, technology, medicine, etc., but also by specialists in social sciences (e.g., accountants and marketing specialists).

Digital fashion, digital twin, digital transformation, culture, fashion design, business model, Social sciences (General), and H1-99

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the digital transformation of the fashion industry and describes the opportunities and influences on supply chains, business models, and sustainability-oriented innovations that it offers. Desk research was performed to review emerging cases of companies that engage actively in using 3-dimensional virtual and digital (3DVD) technologies, such as 3D modeling, virtual and augmented reality (VR and AR), 2- and 3-dimensional (2D/3D) scanning, and digital twinning (DT). The analysis shows how the adoption of digital technologies provides opportunities to dematerialize the traditional fashion supply-chain model of garment production and distribution and maps the innovative shifts occurring in the fashion industry’s processes, products, and services. The adoption of 3DVD technologies by fashion companies unleashes new opportunities with respect to innovation in products/services and optimization of operational processes to streamline activities, shorten the lead time for designing, prototyping, manufacturing, marketing and retailing, and reorganizing the working phases. These capabilities also drive multicentred business-model innovations and thus affect value creation and delivery and capture changes. In addition, the analysis shows that digital transformation affects the four dimensions of sustainability that are interconnected intrinsically across supply-chain processes. Cultural sustainability is paramount, as fashion is a complex cultural system that is able to create products/services that influence the environment, economy, and society. In particular, 3DVD technologies promote cultural transformation of design processes to achieve a remix of skills and open knowledge, a behavioral shift from the consumer perspective in terms of diversity and self-expression, and a change in the organizational culture of companies that drive the digital transformation.

microrobots, microswimmers, bio-inspired, magnetic actuation, propulsion, microfabrication, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

Nature consists of numerous solutions to overcome challenges in designing artificial systems. Various actuation mechanisms have been implemented in microrobots to mimic the motion of microorganisms. Such bio-inspired designs have contributed immensely to microscale developments. Among the actuation mechanisms, magnetic actuation is widely used in bio-inspired microrobotic systems and related propulsion mechanisms used by microrobots to navigate inside a magnetic field and are presented in this review. In addition, the considered robots are in microscale, and they can swim inside a fluidic environment with a low Reynolds number. In relation to microrobotics, mimicry of bacteria flagella, sperm flagella, cilia, and fish are significant. Due to the fact that these biological matters consist of different propulsion mechanisms, the effect of various parameters was investigated in the last decade and the review presents a summary that enhances understanding of the working principle of propulsion mechanisms. In addition, the effect of different parameters on the various speeds of the existing microrobots was analyzed to identify their trends. So, the swimming speeds of the microrobots show an upward trend with increasing body length, frequency, magnetic flux density, and helix angle. Microfabrication techniques play a significant role in the microscale because the device designs are highly dependent on the availability of the techniques. The presented microrobots were manufactured by 3D/4D photolithography and rapid prototyping techniques. Proper materials enable effective fabrication of microrobots using the mentioned techniques. Therefore, magnetically active material types, matrix materials, biocompatible and biodegradable materials are presented in this study. Utilizing biocompatible and biodegradable materials avoids adverse effects to the organs that could occur otherwise. In addition, magnetic field generation is significant for the propulsion of such microrobots. We conclude the review with an overview of the biomimicry of microrobots and magnetically actuated robot propulsion.

dielectric lens antenna, 3D printing technology, radiation performance improvement, effective dielectric constant, ring resonator, Technology, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999, Chemistry, and QD1-999

In this work, we present a method for designing a dielectric lens with a reduced height that is easily printed with one-take 3D printing. For the first time, we prove that the configuration of a printout made of resin material can be modified for effective permittivity variation and apply the technique to a lens antenna design. The lens is printed with SLA printing and mounted on top of a conventional patch antenna, resulting in a 6.87 dB directivity improvement. The height of the proposed lens is reduced by about 15% compared to the reference lens design. The final proposed lens antenna operates at 5.8 GHz, with a height and diameter of 1.35 λ and 1.35 λ, respectively. A prototype was built, and all of the computed expectations from the full-wave electromagnetic simulations in this work were verified experimentally.

All-on-4, Tilted implants, CAD, RP, Photoelastic stress analysis, Dentistry, and RK1-715

Abstract Background Many clinical studies have reported the high success rate of the All-on-4 concept. In the present study, we aimed to compare the stress distribution with different tilted distal implants and cantilever lengths in an All-on-4 system using the two-dimensional photoelastic method and to establish the All-on-4 implant photoelastic model by computer-aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP). Methods The data of the human edentulous mandible were acquired by computed tomography (CT). Three human edentulous mandible All-on-4 implant models with different distally inclined implant holes were fabricated using Mimic, Geomagic Studio software, and a light solidifying fast shaping machine. Then the final photoelastic models were established through the traditional method. Each of the three models had four NobelSpeedy Replace implants between the interforaminal regions. The two posterior implants were placed 0, 15, and 45 degrees distally before the mental foramen. The four implants were splinted by wrought cobalt-chromium alloy frameworks. Each of the three photoelastic models was submitted to a 150 N vertical load at five points on the framework: the central fossa of the mandibular first molar, and 0 mm, 5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm of the cantilever length. The stress produced in the models was photographed with a digital camera, and the highest value of the stressed fringe pattern was recorded. Results The All-on-4 implant photoelastic model established by CAD and RP was highly controllable and easy to modify. The position and inclination of implants were accurate, and the frameworks could be passively emplaced. The stress values were higher around a single tilted implant compared with the distal implant in All-on-4 with the same inclination. The 0-degree distal implant and 45-degree distal implant demonstrated the highest and lowest stress when loading at the central fossa of the mandibular first molar, respectively. With the same inclination of distal implant, the peri-implant bone stress increased as the length of cantilever increased. Conclusion The method of establishing the All-on-4 implant photoelastic model by CAD and RP was highly controllable, convenient, fast, and accurate. The tilted implants splinted in the fully fixed prosthesis with reduced cantilever lengths did not increase the stress level compared with the vertical distal implants.And this illustrated that the influence of cantilever on stress distribution was greater than the influence of implant inlination.

Medicine (General) and R5-920

Introduction University Hospitals of Leicester (UHL) has co-developed and deployed a novel Electronic Prescribing and Medicines Administration (EPMA) application as part of the trust electronic patient record (EPR) programme that meets specific clinical demands and interoperability standards of the National Health Service (NHS) despite clinical pressures from the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods Following an initial limited pilot deployment, a big-bang whole site-based approach allowed transition of 1844 acute adult inpatients beds from an existing standalone EMPA to the new system. This project used a frontline driven and agile management strategy. Clinical risk was managed using a combination of standard risk logs, robust clinical prototyping and robust disaster recovery plans. Early engagement with clinical teams allowed for advanced product configuration before live deployment and reduced the need for sustained transition support for clinical staff.Results An iterative, well-governed approach, led by a combination of information technology (IT) and clinical staff with a responsive vendor, enabled a complex new EPMA system in a large acute NHS trust to be deployed with limited resources despite the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.Discussion The development and deployment of EMPA and EPR systems across NHS trusts is a key enabler for better healthcare delivery. This case study shows it is possible to deploy a new clinical IT system at scale without interruption of clinical services and with a relatively modest deployment team. Sustainability of the project was also ensured through a clear clinically led governance structure to manage risk quickly and carry lessons learnt onto new developments.

work-life balance, shared-spaces, co-work, remote working, smart working, Technology (General), T1-995, Technological innovations. Automation, and HD45-45.2

In the following research work, an experiment of guided innovation is presented. The context is the Innovation for Change (I4C) program, in which a group of students, either PhDs or MBAs, are asked to solve a challenge provided by a stakeholder. The problem is “the future of work” in the context of a post pandemic scenario, with a focus on how to manage spaces remained empty due to remote working. The solution obtained is the consequence of a combination of brainstorming sessions, problem definition, benchmarking and interviewing stakeholders, experimental validation and prototyping. The outcome is a platform, B-Hub, which exploits empty locations to create a network of decentralised co-working spaces in which employees from every company can remotely work.

Kalman filter, vehicle state estimation, road friction estimation, C implementation, embedded systems, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Having knowledge about the states of a system is an important component in most control systems. However, an exact measurement of the states cannot always be provided because it is either not technically possible or only possible with a significant effort. Therefore, state estimation plays an important role in control applications. The well-known and widely used Kalman filter is often employed for this purpose. This paper describes the implementation of nonlinear Kalman filter algorithms, the extended and the unscented Kalman filter with square-rooting, in the programming language C, that are suitable for the use on embedded systems. The implementations deal with single or double precision data types depending on the application. The newly implemented filters are demonstrated in the context of semi-active vehicle damper control and the estimation of the tire–road friction coefficient as application examples, providing real-time capability. Their per-formances were evaluated in tests on an electronic control unit and a rapid-prototyping platform.

MAV, UAV, OAV, UAS, coleopter, convertible aircraft, Motor vehicles. Aeronautics. Astronautics, and TL1-4050

This paper opens with an historical overview of efforts to develop micro-, mini-, and organic aerial vehicles (MAVs and OAVs) in the 1990’s. Although conceived during WWII, coleopters would not see serial production for 60 years. The paper continues with programmatic aspects of hovering coleopter development of the 1990’s and describes the technical motivations behind in-flight conversion from hover-mode to missile-mode flight and the record-setting XQ-138 family of convertible coleopters. As the first commercially successful family of such aircraft, the XQ-138 was taken from initial concept through configuration design, detailed design, patenting, prototyping, proof-of-concept, production, flight testing, qualification, and eventually high rate production, all with private funding. The paper lists basic engineering drivers, covers fundamental sizing methods, presents weight fraction data, and describes flight test procedures, locations, conditions, and results. High-speed flight test data show the stock aircraft achieving speeds in excess of 164 mph (263 kph) with endurances in excess of an hour at that speed with a special dash-optimized version reaching 288 mph (463 kph) for a few minutes. Videos from flight testing and live-fire exercises are shown at Redstone Arsenal, Eglin Air Force Base, and Fort Benning test ranges under extreme conditions. The paper concludes with an assessment of civil and military variants for a variety of military missions and commercial uses.

grid connected converter, power converter, rapid prototyping, power electronics, digital control, power factor corrector, Electronics, and TK7800-8360

The growing use of power converters connected to the grid motivates their study in power electronics courses and the prototype development in the degree final project (DFP). However, the practical realization of using state-of-the-art components and conversion techniques is complex due to the numerous multidisciplinary aspects that students must consider in its design and development and the workload associated with the DFP. An example of this is that, unlike a conventional power factor correction (PFC) design, the individual dedication of students to complete the design and validation of modern bridgeless PFC stages exceeds the number of credits of the DFP. The reason for this is that it includes system modeling, becoming familiar with the devices used, discrete selection, circuit design, control development, and programming, to build the converter and verify the operation of the complete system. To reinforce the individual skills needed for the DFP and reduce this time, a novel strategy is proposed. It allows the student to focus their efforts on integrating the individual skills achieved in the degree at the appropriate competence level during the modeling and construction of the power converter while carrying out part of the tasks out of the lab, if necessary, as was the case during the pandemic restrictions. For this, the rapid prototyping technique is introduced to speed up the overall design and speed up the tuning of digital controllers. This manuscript presents a teaching experience in which students build digitally controlled power converters using Texas Instruments microcontroller boards and PLECS®. The example of a bridgeless totem-pole power factor corrector is shown. Although it began to develop and was motivated due to the restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the experience has been verified and is maintained over time, successfully consolidating.

exoskeletons, hydraulic drives, digital hydraulics, miniature applications, control methods, and Technology

Digital hydraulic drives are known for their superior efficiency, power density, and robustness. Such advantages make them an attractive alternative (to electric drives) for actuation of exoskeleton devices. This work presents development of a prototype for such a digital hydraulically driven knee exoskeleton and its experimental testing. The device uses two miniature hydraulic cylinders and a novel mechanism to translate the linear motion to rotary motion. The device is controlled via a passive control method in the stance phase and a simplified model predictive control method in the swing phase. In this work, the design of the exoskeleton device is optimized with respect to compactness and weight. Next, the features of the design are further refined to ensure that the device is able to support the operational loads. This design is then realized into a prototype with a mixture of inhouse manufactured parts and procured components. Finally, via experimental tests, the performance of the design and the control strategy are investigated. Certain drawbacks related to valve size and overall weight are observed in the prototype, which will be addressed in future studies.

3D printing, biocompatibility, cell culture, heat steam sterilization, rapid prototyping, Biotechnology, and TP248.13-248.65

Abstract Additive manufacturing (3D printing) enables the fabrication of highly customized and complex devices and is therefore increasingly used in the field of life sciences and biotechnology. However, the application of 3D‐printed parts in these fields requires not only their biocompatibility but also their sterility. The most common method for sterilizing 3D‐printed parts is heat steam sterilization—but most commercially available 3D printing materials cannot withstand high temperatures. In this study, a novel heat‐resistant polyacrylate material for high‐resolution 3D Multijet printing was evaluated for the first time for its resistance to heat steam sterilization and in vitro biocompatibility with mouse fibroblasts (L929), human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293E), and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae)). Analysis of the growth and viability of L929 cells and the growth of S. cerevisiae confirmed that the extraction media obtained from 3D‐printed parts had no negative effect on the aforementioned cell types, while, in contrast, viability and growth of HEK 293E cells were affected. No different effects of the material on the cells were found when comparing heat steam sterilization and disinfection with ethanol (70%, v/v). In principle, the investigated material shows great potential for high‐resolution 3D printing of novel cell culture systems that are highly complex in design, customized and easily sterilizable—however, the biocompatibility of the material for other cell types needs to be re‐evaluated.

Vacuum, Pumping system, Montecarlo simulations, Synchrotron radiation, e− e+ colliders, Higgs factories, Physics, QC1-999, Optics. Light, QC350-467, Descriptive and experimental mechanics, and QC120-168.85

Abstract The FCC-ee is a very challenging accelerator project from the point of view of vacuum. Apart from the sheer size of the machine, a twin-ring of 100 km circumference, the vacuum system design must be capable of dealing with the low-energy 45.6 GeV, high-current version of the machine (the Z-pole) as well as the higher energy, lower current versions. The main difficulty is related to the very much different synchrotron radiation (SR) spectra of the Z-pole vs the other energies, in particular the ttbar at 182.5 GeV. The critical energy of the SR spectrum of the Z-pole is 19.5 keV, while the ttbar exceeds 1.2 MeV. It is particularly challenging in terms of shielding the beryllium chamber in the detectors, for the Machine Detector Interface (MDI) area. We discuss the evolution of the vacuum system design for the arc sections, and some new ideas on NEG-coating, SR absorbers, and pumping system, with the aim to build prototypes soon, in the framework of the FCC Innovation Study program. The design of the vacuum hardware depends on the choices made for the magnets, and the required shielding from high-energy radiation generated by the circulating beam interacting with the residual gas and the interaction of the intense SR fans with the photon. There is also an important collaboration with the engineering integration of the vacuum system in the tunnel, particularly considering the full-energy booster injector, which is not detailed here. We also briefly describe the raytracing montecarlo modelling efforts carried out in the MDI area, and its pumping configuration.

double outlet right ventricle (DORV), biventricular repair, 3D printing, congenital heart disease, image reconstruction, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, and RC666-701

BackgroundDouble outlet right ventricle (DORV) describes a group of congenital heart defects where pulmonary artery and aorta originate completely or predominantly from the right ventricle. The individual anatomy of DORV patients varies widely with multiple subtypes classified. Although the majority of morphologies is suitable for biventricular repair (BVR), complex DORV anatomy can render univentricular palliation (UVP) the only option. Thus, patient-specific decision-making is critical for optimal surgical treatment planning. The evolution of image processing and rapid prototyping techniques facilitate the generation of detailed virtual and physical 3D models of the patient-specific anatomy which can support this important decision process within the Heart Team.Materilas and methodsThe individual cardiovascular anatomy of nine patients with complex DORV, in whom surgical decision-making was not straightforward, was reconstructed from either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging data. 3D reconstructions were used to characterize the morphologic details of DORV, such as size and location of the ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrioventricular valve size, ventricular volumes, relationship between the great arteries and their spatial relation to the VSD, outflow tract obstructions, coronary artery anatomy, etc. Additionally, physical models were generated. Virtual and physical models were used in the preoperative assessment to determine surgical treatment strategy, either BVR vs. UVP.ResultsMedian age at operation was 13.2 months (IQR: 9.6-24.0). The DORV transposition subtype was present in six patients, three patients had a DORV-ventricular septal defect subtype. Patient-specific reconstruction was feasible for all patients despite heterogeneous image quality. Complex BVR was feasible in 5/9 patients (55%). Reasons for unsuitability for BVR were AV valve chordae interfering with potential intraventricular baffle creation, ventricular hypoplasia and non-committed VSD morphology. Evaluation in particular of qualitative data from 3D models was considered to support comprehension of complex anatomy.ConclusionImage-based 3D reconstruction of patient-specific intracardiac anatomy provides valuable additional information supporting decision-making processes and surgical planning in complex cardiac malformations. Further prospective studies are required to fully appreciate the benefits of 3D technology.

neuromorphic computing, Loihi, Brian2, emulator, spiking neural network, open source, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, and RC321-571

Developing intelligent neuromorphic solutions remains a challenging endeavor. It requires a solid conceptual understanding of the hardware's fundamental building blocks. Beyond this, accessible and user-friendly prototyping is crucial to speed up the design pipeline. We developed an open source Loihi emulator based on the neural network simulator Brian that can easily be incorporated into existing simulation workflows. We demonstrate errorless Loihi emulation in software for a single neuron and for a recurrently connected spiking neural network. On-chip learning is also reviewed and implemented, with reasonable discrepancy due to stochastic rounding. This work provides a coherent presentation of Loihi's computational unit and introduces a new, easy-to-use Loihi prototyping package with the aim to help streamline conceptualization and deployment of new algorithms.

type 1 diabetes, health psychology, autoethnography, physical activity, coping mechanisms, Psychology, and BF1-990

Through analytical autoethnographic analysis of marathon preparation, this study examines challenges faced by people with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) who engage in high-performance sports. Autoethnographer and second-person perspectives (T1D runners, family members, and health providers) were collected through introspective activities (autoethnographic diary and in-depth interviews) to understand the T1D runner’s coping experience. Six insights involved in T1D self-management were identified and analyzed with reference to related design tools (prototyping, archetyping and journey mapping). Finally, we conclude with a discussion of how endurance physical activity (PA) such as running helps to “domesticate” T1D, a term coined to reflect the difficulties that T1D presents for PA accomplishment and how T1D runners’ experiences give them an opportunity to overcome PA barriers promoting physical culture and enriching further health psychology studies.

universal design, older people, caregivers, interior design and furnishings, concept formation, health, and Medicine

Stepladders are compact, foldable ladders with flat steps and a platform. Despite all the research and design efforts, there are still limitations in terms of the multifunctionality, usability and simplicity of stepladders and related variants. By combining ideas, features and functions from patent literature, existing products and scientific journals, this study aims to conceptualise a multifunctional stepladder for improved usability. Five concepts are created, which are screened and evaluated against a set of criteria to select the best concept for improved usability, divided into three categories: simplicity, effectiveness and efficiency. The result is a versatile invention that functions as a stepladder, walker, wheelchair and Pilates chair, suitable for older people and caregivers in nursing homes. It allows medical records or supplies to be retrieved from high places without the need for inappropriate aids. The invention can replace wheelchairs and walkers and converts into a Pilates chair to provide a mobile exercise option for older people. The concept offers older people flexibility and independence in terms of mobility and healthcare, while saving space in the nursing home. Further design studies, prototyping and testing are needed before this idea can go into production.

Additive manufacturing, Fused filament fabrication, DOE, ANOVA, Compression, Fatigue, Mining engineering. Metallurgy, and TN1-997

Additive manufacturing is one of the most promising production technologies introduced in the last years. One extensive field of application of additive manufacturing is for prototyping, but 3D printed parts have also the potential to meet the requirements for functional components or production support. Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is the most popular additive manufacturing processes because of flexibility, reduced costs, and number of available materials concerning thermoplastics. Some of these materials have good thermal, electrical and mechanical properties, however they also exhibit a high dependence on process parameters and, in general, have lower properties than if the material is processed and manufactured by a classic process. In this paper monotonic, fatigue and creep behaviour of PLA under compression is studied, using cylindrical specimens tested according to ASTM D695, ISO 527, ASTM D7791 and ASTM D2990. A Design of Experiments was conducted to identify and quantify the effects of printing parameters on the compression behavior of these specimens. From best set of parameters, specimens were fabricated and tested under tension, fatigue (compression–compression) and creep (compression) to identify their performance and the failure mechanisms. It was observed that compressive strength is linearly dependent with the density of the samples, but for fatigue no such relation was found. The results obtained characterize the behaviour of PLA material produced by FFF under compression and can be useful for quality control and to support the design of parts that to work under compressive loads.

umkm, marketplace, pasar digital, sistem informasi pasar, Science, Electronic computers. Computer science, and QA75.5-76.95

Masyarakat Indonesia dalam meningkatkan perekonomiannya membentuk suatu usaha atau badan usaha atas inisiatif sendiri. Dibanyak daerah UMKM menggunakan sumber daya alam yang berpotensi. UMKM merupakan sarana untuk menciptakan lapangan kerja baru dan bisa menjadi alternatif dalam mengurangi banyaknya pengangguran. Saat ini, masalah utama pelaku UMKM adalah adanya hambatan dalam melakukan penjualan produk secara luas sehingga berdampak pada kurangnya efektif dan efisiensi proses penjualan yang dilakukan. Permasalahan lainnya yaitu masih kurangnya informasi ke masyarakat mengenai UMKM dan produk UMKM yang dijual saat ini. Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada, maka dibangunlah sebuah sistem informasi Marketplace UMKM yang dapat menjadi media memperjualbelikan produk UMKM secara online. setiap UMKM yang telah mendaftar pada marketplace dapat mengelola UMKMnya masing-masing. Pemilik marketplace dapat memiliki sistem yang dapat mendata UMKM. Sistem ini dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrogaman Hypertext Processor (PHP) dan database MqSQL. Pengembangan sistem dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode prototyping dalam 3 kali iterasi. Hasil dari iterasi prototyping telah diimplementasikan dengan baik dalam pembangunan sistem. Hasil black box testing menyatakan bahwa sistem ini telah berjalan dengan benar. Hasil UAT 95% untuk menilai sistem ini memiliki fungsionalitas yang berjalan dengan baik dan pengguna sudah dapat menerima sistem tersebut.

application, android, instructional media, element periodic, Science (General), Q1-390, Education (General), and L7-991

This study aims to develop android-based learning media applications and determine the level of validity. This research was designed using the Plomp development model, which consists of 3 stages: the preliminary research stage, the development stage or prototyping, and the assessment stage. In this study, the authors limit the research carried out to the development stage or prototype, which produces prototype III. The development of this android-based application is expected to assist teachers in overcoming obstacles in making learning media and can be used as one of the learning media that can help students in learning, especially on the material of the periodic system of elements. Nine validators carried out the validation test of the learning media application: six content experts (Padang State University lecturers and teachers of SMAN 12 Padang) and three media experts (Lecturer of Engineering Padang State University). The data obtained from the validator was then analyzed using Aiken's V. The product validation test results had an index of 0.877 from content experts and 0.955 from media experts in the valid category. Thus, based on the validation test results, the Android-based learning media application on the developed periodic system material is valid.

Effectiveness, GeoGebra, Integral Calculus, Education, Education (General), L7-991, Mathematics, and QA1-939

This research activity was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in the Integral Calculus course and the unavailability of the GeoGebra-assisted Integral Calculus module in the Mathematics Education study program, Malikussaleh University. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the GeoGebra-assisted Integral Calculus module. The type of research is development research with the Plomp development model which includes three stages of preliminary research, prototyping phase, and assessment phase. The test subjects were students of the Mathematics Education Study Program, Malikussaleh University. The instruments of this research are observation sheets of learning activities, student response questionnaires, observer response questionnaires to modules and test instruments. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the GeoGebra-assisted Integral Calculus module meets the effective criteria because the results of the learning activity observation sheets are in the very good category, student and observer responses to the module are in very good criteria and student test results have increased.

Tissue engineering, Biofabrication, Additive manufacturing, Virtual and rapid prototyping, Open-source medical devices, Biomaterials, Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, and TA401-492

Tissue engineering as a field may benefit from progressively implementing and spreading the use of standards, conceived to support the repeatability, replicability and efficient comparing of research results among experts in the field worldwide. Considering that scaffolds play a fundamental role in many tissue engineering strategies, it would be interesting to count with an internationally accepted set of geometries, acting as a library of lattices, porous materials and scaffolding structures, which could be employed for comparative purposes among materials and manufacturing technologies under development. To this end, an open-source library of tissue engineering scaffolds has been implemented. This library stands out for providing a comprehensive collection of scaffolds blueprints, designed considering the specific features of most additive manufacturing technologies applicable to tissue engineering and biofabrication. Besides, the library has been developed focusing on FAIR data principles along the development, for promoting: Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reusability. The scaffolds are shared as open-source medical devices with the necessary documentation for facilitating their application. Similar initiatives may be synergically integrated towards an ISO standard on tissue engineering scaffolds.

microfluidics, picoliter droplets, rapid prototyping, bead encapsulation, 3D printing, Mechanical engineering and machinery, and TJ1-1570

Picoliter-scale droplets have many applications in chemistry and biology, such as biomolecule synthesis, drug discovery, nucleic acid quantification, and single cell analysis. However, due to the complicated processes used to fabricate microfluidic channels, most picoliter (pL) droplet generation methods are limited to research in laboratories with cleanroom facilities and complex instrumentation. The purpose of this work is to investigate a method that uses 3D printing to fabricate microfluidic devices that can generate droplets with sizes

tunable, liquid, liquid crystal, optical device, beam steering, adaptive liquid lens, Organic chemistry, and QD241-441

Liquid opens up a new stage of device tunability and gradually replaced solid-state devices and mechanical tuning. It optimizes the control method and improves the dynamic range of many optical devices, exhibiting several attractive features, such as rapid prototyping, miniaturization, easy integration and low power consumption. The advantage makes optical devices widely used in imaging, optical control, telecommunications, autopilot and lab-on-a-chip. Here, we review the tunable liquid devices, including isotropic liquid and anisotropic liquid crystal devices. Due to the unique characteristics of the two types of liquids, the tuning principles and tuning methods are distinguished and demonstrated in detail firstly and then some recent progress in this field, covering the adaptive lens, beam controller, beam filter, bending waveguide, iris, resonator and display devices. Finally, the limitations and future perspectives of the current liquid devices are discussed.

Science

The ability to externally control gene expression has been important for all areas of biological research, especially for synthetic biology. Here the authors present plasmid TULIP which offers DNA copy number control via chemical induction to accelerate the design, prototyping, and reuse of gene circuits in diverse contexts.