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Lasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight), 1902-1978. and Lasswell, Harold D. (Harold Dwight), 1902-1978.
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Political sociology.
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Ginzberg, Michael J., 1947-, Reitman, Walter Ralph, 1932-, and Stohr, Edward A., 1936-
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Decision making -- Data processing., Management information systems., Decision support systems -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and New York (NY, 1981)
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Boar, Bernard H., 1947- and Boar, Bernard H., 1947-
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Management information systems., Business -- Data processing., and Decision making.
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Weinberger G and Tenenbaum A
Healthcare computing & communications [Healthc Comput Commun] 1984 Nov; Vol. 1 (10), pp. 34-6, 48.
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Hospitals, United States, Computers standards, Information Systems standards, and Software standards
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Boar, Bernard H., 1947- and Boar, Bernard H., 1947-
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Lucas, Henry C. and Lucas, Henry C.
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System analysis., Electronic data processing., and Management information systems.
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Mayhew, Pamela Jean., University of East Anglia., and Mayhew, Pamela Jean.
8. Prototyping van informatiesystemen [1987]
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Vonk, Roland, 1960-, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven., and Vonk, Roland, 1960-
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Gersting JM Jr
Journal of medical systems [J Med Syst] 1987 Jun; Vol. 11 (2-3), pp. 177-89.
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Humans, Pedigree, Data Collection, Database Management Systems, Genetic Diseases, Inborn, and Software
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This work examines some of the problems encountered in developing small and large database application systems involving human genetics data collection efforts that include data on individuals as well as family pedigree data. Rapid prototyping of a database application requires software tools to produce the application with little or no programming. Features of MEGADATS-4 that provide for rapid prototyping and for producing stand-alone applications are examined.
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10. Structure and software tools of AIDA. [1987]
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Duisterhout JS, Franken B, and Witte F
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1987 Nov-Dec; Vol. 25 (3), pp. 259-73.
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Database Management Systems, Medical Informatics Applications, Programming Languages, Software Design, Information Systems, and Software
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AIDA consists of a set of software tools to allow for fast development and easy-to-maintain Medical Information Systems. AIDA supports all aspects of such a system both during development and operation. It contains tools to build and maintain forms for interactive data entry and on-line input validation, a database management system including a data dictionary and a set of run-time routines for database access, and routines for querying the database and output formatting. Unlike an application generator, the user of AIDA may select parts of the tools to fulfill his needs and program other subsystems not developed with AIDA. The AIDA software uses as host language the ANSI-standard programming language MUMPS, an interpreted language embedded in an integrated database and programming environment. This greatly facilitates the portability of AIDA applications. The database facilities supported by AIDA are based on a relational data model. This data model is built on top of the MUMPS database, the so-called global structure. This relational model overcomes the restrictions of the global structure regarding string length. The global structure is especially powerful for sorting purposes. Using MUMPS as a host language allows the user an easy interface between user-defined data validation checks or other user-defined code and the AIDA tools. AIDA has been designed primarily for prototyping and for the construction of Medical Information Systems in a research environment which requires a flexible approach. The prototyping facility of AIDA operates terminal independent and is even to a great extent multi-lingual. Most of these features are table-driven; this allows on-line changes in the use of terminal type and language, but also causes overhead. AIDA has a set of optimizing tools by which it is possible to build a faster, but (of course) less flexible code from these table definitions. By separating the AIDA software in a source and a run-time version, one is able to write implementation-specific code which can be selected and loaded by a special source loader, being part of the AIDA software. This feature is also accessible for maintaining software on different sites and on different installations.
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Molenaar GC and Boon WM
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1987 Nov-Dec; Vol. 25 (3), pp. 275-80.
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Drug Information Services, Netherlands, Hospital Information Systems, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, and Software
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The CENTRASYS system for the Hospital Pharmacy, developed as part of a research project of the Department of Medical Informatics is described. The role of AIDA, a fourth-generation software package, as a prototyping tool is discussed. It is concluded that AIDA facilitates prototyping and is also very suitable as a vehicle for systems in operation. It is further concluded that prototyping is of great help in the developmental phase of a project, but that great care has to be taken during evaluation of the prototypes: minimize the number of test sites and try to avoid that users become dependent on the system, because every prototype needs further tuning before it really becomes an operational system.
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Molenaar GC and Duisterhout JS
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1987 Nov-Dec; Vol. 25 (3), pp. 281-6.
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Evaluation Studies as Topic, Hospital Information Systems, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Primary Health Care, Software Design, and Software
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A system for hospital pharmacies (CENTRASYS) and a system for primary health care (ELIAS), both developed using prototyping and a fourth-generation tool (AIDA), are introduced. Differences in development strategies are analyzed and conclusions are drawn with respect to the use of AIDA for management, development and operation of the systems. The use of AIDA increases development speed enormously, enabling a productivity of over 40 lines per day, which is more than twice the amount that is accepted as reasonable.
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Boon WM, Westerhof HP, Duisterhout JS, and Cromme PV
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1987 Nov-Dec; Vol. 25 (3), pp. 287-96.
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Animals, Cricetinae, Netherlands, Pilot Projects, Software Design, User-Computer Interface, Information Systems, Primary Health Care, and Software
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In this article the development of a computer system for General Practice, ELIAS, is described. The use of the 4th-generation software toolkit AIDA proved to be very helpful in increasing the speed of development as well as the quality of the ELIAS software. The programming support that AIDA offered, not only in increasing the rate of development but also in the flexible way in which parts of the system and the database can be adjusted (in prototyping as well as in the operational system) and its self-documenting functions, contributed to the ease of development. The consistent lay-out of the frames and uniform screen-handling, the opportunity of data validation and the availability of help information at every item in screen frames--all facilitated by AIDA--rendered ELIAS a very user-friendly system.
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14. From reporting system to MIS: getting there. [1988]
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Tenney JW
New England journal of human services [N Engl J Hum Serv] 1988; Vol. 8 (2), pp. 19-23.
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Decision Making, Organizational, Models, Theoretical, United States, Computer Systems, Management Information Systems organization administration, and Public Health Administration organization administration
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Human services agencies are closer than ever to fulfillment of their authoritative role. A critical step is transformation of the Reporting System to a Management Information System. This creates the information structure and mind set necessary to generate new, data-based ideas. There are too many obstacles to traditional MIS development approaches in agencies, however. New strategies such as selective use of end-user technology and prototyping can provide methods that overcome these obstacles.
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Berblinger, Jürgen., Technische Hochschule Darmstadt., and Berblinger, Jürgen.
16. Rapid prototyping: zur Unterstützung des konzeptuellen Entwurfs von Informationssystemen [1989]
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Schƶnthaler, Frank. and Schƶnthaler, Frank.
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Deutsch T, Boroujerdi MA, Carson ER, Harvey FE, Sonksen PH, TamƔs G, and Williams CD
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1989 Jun; Vol. 29 (2), pp. 75-88.
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Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring, Diabetes Mellitus blood, Diabetes Mellitus physiopathology, Diet, Diabetic, Exercise, Humans, Insulin physiology, Microcomputers, Numerical Analysis, Computer-Assisted, Prognosis, Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus drug therapy, Expert Systems, Insulin administration dosage, and Therapy, Computer-Assisted
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This paper describes the principles and prototyping of a computer-based system being developed to assist in the management of diabetes mellitus. Unlike other approaches based upon mathematical modelling or the use of computer algorithms, this system adopts one derived from artificial intelligence, seeking to incorporate the dynamics of glucose and insulin in a manner which reflects their clinical importance. The resultant logical model (qualitative algebra) defines the relationships between changes in insulin dose and site and time of injection and glycaemic response. In this manner the computer-based system, implemented in Prolog, can be used to provide advice concerning insulin therapy by means of making qualitative predictions of patient outcome of blood glucose profile resulting from alternative insulin regimens.
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Rudowski R, Frostell C, and Gill H
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1989 Sep; Vol. 30 (1), pp. 59-70.
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Adult, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Pulmonary Gas Exchange, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Carbon Dioxide blood, Expert Systems, Respiratory Insufficiency therapy, Software, and Ventilators, Mechanical
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The KUSIVAR is an expert system for mechanical ventilation of adult patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency. Its main objective is to provide guidance in respirator management. The knowledge base includes both qualitative, rule-based knowledge and quantitative knowledge expressed in the form of mathematical models (expert control) which is used for prediction of arterial gas tensions and optimization purposes. The system is data driven and uses a forward chaining mechanism for rule invocation. The interaction with the user will be performed in advisory, critiquing, semi-automatic and automatic modes. The system is at present in an advanced prototype stage. Prototyping is performed using KEE (Knowledge Engineering Environment) on a Sperry Explorer workstation. For further development and clinical use the expert system will be downloaded to an advanced PC. The system is intended to support therapy with a Siemens-Elema Servoventilator 900 C.
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Madison DE
Computers in healthcare [Comput Healthc] 1989 Nov; Vol. 10 (11), pp. 35-6, 38.
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Efficiency, Models, Theoretical, Planning Techniques, United States, and Hospital Information Systems
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One way automation can increase efficiency is through rapid prototyping, particularly of user interfaces. AI and logic programming, argues this author, offer good user interface tools and a suitable prototyping environment.
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Robb RA, Hanson DP, Karwoski RA, Larson AG, Workman EL, and Stacy MC
Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society [Comput Med Imaging Graph] 1989 Nov-Dec; Vol. 13 (6), pp. 433-54.
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Software, Software Design, and User-Computer Interface
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A comprehensive software package, called ANALYZE, has been developed (1) which permits detailed investigation and evaluation of multidimensional biomedical images. ANALYZE can be used with 3-D imaging modalities based on x-ray computed tomography, radionuclide emission tomography, ultrasound tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The software is written entirely in "C" and runs on standard UNIX workstations. The ANALYZE package features integrated, complimentary tools for fully interactive display, manipulation and measurement of multidimensional image data. The software architecture permits systematic enhancements and upgrades which has fostered development of a readily expandable package. It provides an effective shell for custom software prototyping and turnkey applications. This paper provides a general description of this software as well as specific details on the methodology employed to develop it, both conceptual and technical. Applications of the software are illustrated.
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Chorafas, Dimitris N., Van Nostrand Reinhold Company., and Chorafas, Dimitris N.
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Artificial intelligence., Expert systems (Computer science), Knowledge acquisition (Expert systems), and Knowledge representation (Information theory)
22. The art of human-computer interface design [1990]
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Laurel, Brenda, editor., Mountford, S. Joy., Laurel, Brenda., and Julio Mario Santo Domingo Collection.
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Human-computer interaction. and User interfaces (Computer systems)
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Deals with technologise such as cyberspace, animation, multimedia, and speech recognition. Also includes the philosophical and psychological background to creating effective interfaces.
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Gray PM, Paton NW, Kemp GJ, and Fothergill JE
Protein engineering [Protein Eng] 1990 Mar; Vol. 3 (4), pp. 235-43.
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Amino Acid Sequence, Chemical Phenomena, Chemistry, Protein Conformation, Information Systems, and Proteins
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An object-oriented database system has been developed which is being used to store protein structure data. The database can be queried using the logic programming language Prolog or the query language Daplex. Queries retrieve information by navigating through a network of objects which represent the primary, secondary and tertiary structures of proteins. Routines written in both Prolog and Daplex can integrate complex calculations with the retrieval of data from the database, and can also be stored in the database for sharing among users. Thus object-oriented databases are better suited to prototyping applications and answering complex queries about protein structure than relational databases. This system has been used to find loops of varying length and anchor positions when modelling homologous protein structures.
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Keyson DK and Parsons KC
Applied ergonomics [Appl Ergon] 1990 Sep; Vol. 21 (3), pp. 207-13.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate and improve the menu interface design of an existing expert system. The system provided expertise concerned with evaluating human response to environments and was implemented onto a computer with a simple tree menu system. Two laboratory based experiments were carried out in which alternative menu interface designs were developed rapidly and compared with the original design. User acceptance tests which incorporated objective and subjective measures were iteratively used to evaluate and improve the interface designs. The results of these experiments indicated that, for the particular system under study, a graphic based design which displayed 58 options divided into levels on a single screen was preferred by users over the original menu interface which displayed one menu at a time with seven options per screen. The final interface remains to be tested under field conditions.
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Hammond JE, Berger RG, Carey TS, Rutledge R, Cleveland TJ, Kichak JP, and Ayscue CF
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1991, pp. 970-2.
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Hospital Information Systems, Microcomputers, North Carolina, Software, Computer Communication Networks, Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, and User-Computer Interface
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Many hospitals today have implemented widely disparate information systems on mainframe and mini-computer hardware. The advent of network technology in hospitals has made it possible to access information in these systems. Unfortunately, the user interfaces to applications on these system are unique and difficult to learn, which makes them unsuitable for use by clinical services. In this paper we describe the development using rapid prototyping object-oriented programming tools of a Physician's Workstation which integrates information from five different applications running on three separate computer systems.
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Wainwright, David W., Newcastle upon Tyne Polytechnic., and Wainwright, David W.
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Langen, Manfred Heinrich., Rheinisch-WestfƤlische Technische Hochschule Aachen., and Langen, Manfred Heinrich.
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Prototypes, Engineering -- Periodicals., CAD/CAM systems -- Periodicals., CAD/CAM systems., Prototypes, Engineering., and Periodicals.
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Bowers, John M. and Benford, Steve.
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Teams in the workplace -- Data processing., Microcomputers., Microcomputer workstations., and Ordinateurs.
30. Taking software design seriously: practical techniques for human-computer interaction design [1991]
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Karat, John.
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Computer software -- Development., Human-computer interaction., Seattle (Wash., 1990), and Software Design
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Saranummi N, Groth T, Rosenfalck A, and Wigertz O
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1991 Feb-Mar; Vol. 34 (2-3), pp. 81-9.
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Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Critical Care, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Denmark, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Expert Systems, Finland, Microcomputers, Monitoring, Physiologic, Sweden, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, User-Computer Interface, and Artificial Intelligence
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A Nordic research and development programme, 'KBS in Medicine' (KUSIN-MEDICINE), was run in 1986-89. Its main goal was to acquire an understanding of applying knowledge-based techniques in medicine and of the limitations of present-day artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies. The programme comprised four experimental installation sites (Tampere in Finland, Uppsala and Linkƶping in Sweden, and Aalborg in Denmark) each prototyping in one or more medical domains. The programme was financed by the Nordic Fund for Technological and Industrial Development, by national funds for applied research and by a number of industries. Prototype decision support systems were produced in the following domains: intensive care (Tampere, Uppsala, Linkƶping, Aalborg), clinical chemistry (Tampere, Uppsala) and clinical neurophysiology (Aalborg in collaboration with Turku and Uppsala). These served to transfer this technology to industry and helped to identify limitations of this technology.
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Robb RA and Hanson DP
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine [Australas Phys Eng Sci Med] 1991 Mar; Vol. 14 (1), pp. 9-30.
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Computer Graphics, Computer Simulation, Computer User Training, Fourier Analysis, General Surgery methods, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Radiotherapy methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Diagnostic Imaging, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Models, Anatomic, and Software Design
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A comprehensive software system called ANALYZE has been developed which permits detailed investigation and evaluation of 3-D biomedical images. The software can be used with any 2-D or 3-D imaging modality, including x-ray computed tomography, radionuclide emission tomography, ultrasound tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and both light and electron microscopy. The package is unique in its synergistic integration of fully interactive modules for direct display, manipulation and measurement of multidimensional image data. Several original algorithms are included which improve image display efficiency and quality. One of the most versatile and powerful algorithms is interactive volume rendering, which is optimized to be fast without compromising image quality. An important advantage of this technique is to display 3-D images directly from the original data and to provide on-the-fly combinations of selected image transformations and/or volume set operations (union, intersection, difference, etc.). The inclusion of a variety of interactive editing and quantitative mensuration tools significantly extends the usefulness of the software. Any curvilinear path or region-of-interest can be manually specified and/or automatically segmented for numerical determination and statistical analyses of distances, areas, volumes, shapes, densities and textures. ANALYZE is written entirely in "C" and runs on several standard UNIX workstations. It is being used in a variety of applications by over 40 institutions around the world, and has been licensed by Mayo to several imaging companies. The software architecture permits systematic enhancements and upgrades which has fostered development of a readily expandable package. ANALYZE comprises a powerful "visualization workshop" for rapid prototyping of specific application packages, including applications to interactive surgery simulation and radiation treatment planning. ANALYZE offers the potential to accurately and reproducibly examine, from images, the structure and function of any cell, tissue, limb, organ or organ system of the body, much like a surgeon or pathologist might do in real life, but entirely non-invasively, without pain or destruction of tissue. These capabilities promise exciting new insights into the basic processes of life, and major advances in health care delivery through improved diagnosis and treatment of disease.
33. Computer applications in radiology. [1991]
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Vannier MW
Current opinion in radiology [Curr Opin Radiol] 1991 Apr; Vol. 3 (2), pp. 258-66.
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Brain diagnostic imaging, Humans, Skull diagnostic imaging, Software, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, and Radiography
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Computer applications in radiology are evolving rapidly, tied to incremental improvements in hardware, software, and methods. In computer hardware, the emergence of dramatically improved graphic and computational performance for engineering workstations enables their use for visualization. Major changes in networking, storage, and display technology play a major role in influencing applications. The use of three-dimensional digitizers to perform localization of real three-dimensional points in conjunction with images and the rendering of objects using rapid prototyping methods, such as stereolithography, were recently reported. Major software advances have taken place through the availability of applications packages that are operated with menu-driven or point-and-click user interfaces, data flow languages, or complete turnkey applications. Imaging methods including CT, MR imaging, digital radiography, biomagnetism, and optical range sensing, which take advantage of advanced computer technology, are new this year. Image processing for multimodality fusion or image registration, visualization, reconstruction, and quantification of images, have been reported at a wide variety of conferences and in key publications. New computer methods to fabricate custom orthopaedic implants, and to improve imaging technology assessment were introduced.
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Cristiani P, Costa G, and Pazzi S
International journal of bio-medical computing [Int J Biomed Comput] 1991 May-Jun; Vol. 28 (1-2), pp. 101-16.
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Computer Graphics, Programming Languages, Hospital Information Systems, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, and User-Computer Interface
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The PRIST-2 system has been designed as an interactive and high-productivity tool for the rapid prototyping and development of medical applications. Three major issues were addressed in this research project which derived from the evolution of a previous 4th generation software package, called PRIST (patient record information system tool): a high transportability on different hardware and operating systems, a conversational and interactive user-interface and user-independence Relational Data Base Management System (RDBMS). Although we developed PRIST-2 on the top of the ORACLE RDBMS, it does not depend on SQL commercial products because the ORACLE features have been directly used only for SQL relational data base management. The application design methodology implemented in the system architecture allows an interactive and formal description of the application constraints in terms of the semantic data model rather than in terms of the data structure. The translation of the conceptual constraints into SQL tables is performed by several pre-defined routines. In the PC based release (MS/DOS, OS/2, Xenix operating systems), the Graphic-User Interface (GUI) has been developed using Microsoft Windows Software Development Kit. The UNIX release will use a GUI developed on top of the X-Windows environment.
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Heathfield H, Armstrong J, and Kirkham N
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1991 Dec; Vol. 36 (4), pp. 239-51.
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Adult, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma pathology, Computer Systems, Decision Theory, Decision Trees, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, Expert Systems, Female, Humans, Programming Languages, Decision Support Techniques, Medical Informatics, and Software Design
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The concept of object-oriented design and programming has recently received a great deal of attention from the software engineering community. This paper highlights the realisable benefits of using the object-oriented approach in the design and development of clinical decision support systems. These systems seek to build a computational model of some problem domain and therefore tend to be exploratory in nature. Conventional procedural design techniques do not support either the process of model building or rapid prototyping. The central concepts of the object-oriented paradigm are introduced, namely encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism, and their use illustrated in a case study, taken from the domain of breast histopathology. In particular, the dual roles of inheritance in object-oriented programming are examined, i.e., inheritance as a conceptual modelling tool and inheritance as a code reuse mechanism. It is argued that the use of the former is not entirely intuitive and may be difficult to incorporate into the design process. However, inheritance as a means of optimising code reuse offers substantial technical benefits.
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Tape TG, Stoupa RA, and Campbell JR
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1992, pp. 806-7.
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Drug Prescriptions, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Nursing, Ambulatory Care, Artificial Intelligence, and Practice Guidelines as Topic
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As we understand the process of ambulatory care better, the need to effectively implement standards of practice becomes more apparent. To facilitate successful use of practice guidelines, we have integrated an artificial intelligence system of Medical Logic Modules into our computerized medical record. A rule shell allows rapid development and prototyping of rules which can be practice reminders, information gathering utilities, or standing orders. A set of utilities allows non-programmer clinicians to develop and maintain the rule set. We will demonstrate these enhancements in the context of the comprehensive patient record.
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37. Creating and animating the virtual world [1992]
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Magnenat-Thalmann, Nadia, 1946- and Thalmann, Daniel.
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Computer graphics -- Congresses. and Conference proceedings.
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Pernul, G. (Günther), 1961-, Tjoa, A Min., and Pernul, Günther, 1961-
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Database design -- Congresses., Relational databases -- Congresses., Entity-relationship modeling -- Congresses., and Conference proceedings.
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"This volume comprises the proceedings of the Eleventh International Conference on the Entity-Relationship Approach held in Karlsruhe, Germany, October 7-9, 1992. It contains the full versions of all the 22 accepted papers selected from in total 64 submissions; in addition, the two invited talks by Scheer and by Tsichritzis and others are represented asfull papers and the two other invited speakers contribute extended abstracts. All the contributions describe original research related to theoretical or practical aspects of the Entity-Relationship Approach,reflecting the trend of recent years in a wide range of database research activities. In particular, the topics database design aspects, object-orientation, integrity constraints, query languages, knowledge-based techniques, and development of new applications are addressed."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Comyn, G. (GƩrard), Fuchs, N. E. (Norbert E.), and Ratcliffe, M. (Michael)
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Logic programming -- Congresses. and Conference proceedings.
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"Logic programming enjoys a privileged position. It is firmly rooted in mathematical logic, yet it is also immensely practical, as a growing number of users in universities, research institutes, and industry are realizing. Logic programming languages, specifically Prolog, have turned out to be ideal as prototyping and application development languages. This volume presents the proceedings of the Second Logic Programming Summer School, LPSS'92. The First Logic Programming Summer School, LPSS '90, addressed the theoretical foundations of logic programming. This volume focuses onthe relationship between theory and practice, and on practical applications. The introduction to the volume is by R. Kowalski, one of the pioneers in the field. The following papers are organized into sections on constraint logic programming, deductive databases and expert systems, processing of natural and formal languages, software engineering, and education."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Barrett, Edward.
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Interactive multimedia. and Knowledge, Sociology of.
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Sociomedia continues the assessment of hypertext and hypermedia systems begun in Text, ConText, and HyperText and The Society of Text. It examines the use of integrated multimedia to support social or collaborative research, learning, and instruction in the university, one of the best environments for developing and analyzing the effects of computing technologies on our understanding of complex sets of information. The 25 contributions discuss critical design issues in the creation of advanced multimedia computing technologies, describe the systems now in use, and assess the effectiveness of this emerging technology.
Barrett's opening essay further explores his original and thought-provoking application of social construction theories of knowledge to the development and analysis of multimedia systems. Some of the chapters that follow look at the effectiveness of particular multimedia systems across the curriculum, from medicine, sociology, and management to language learning, writing, literature, and intergenerational studies. Other chapters examine the implied pedagogy within these systems, or the effects of using multimedia and hypermedia in the classroom.
Readers should come away from this collection with a critical stance toward the use of integrated media for information retrieval and creation, as well as an informed knowledge of the kinds of multimedia systems in development or use. Developers will be able to use this collection to gain insight into the kinds of design choices others have made and their effectiveness in practice.
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Drezner, Jeffrey A., United States. Office of the Under Secretary of Defense, Acquisition., Rand Corporation., and Drezner, Jeffrey A.
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Weapons systems -- Design and construction. and Prototypes, Engineering.
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Droz D
The Journal of business strategy [J Bus Strategy] 1992 May-Jun; Vol. 13 (3), pp. 34-8.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis, Decision Making, Organizational, Decision Support Techniques, Models, Structural, Planning Techniques, Product Line Management economics, Professional Staff Committees economics, Professional Staff Committees organization administration, United States, Industry organization administration, and Product Line Management methods
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Extended development cycles put companies at risk through loss of sales, margins, market share, and credibility as innovators. The author suggests constructing early-stage models to provide a dress rehearsal for new products and help companies develop products in less time.
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43. Rapid prototyping of interactive software for automated instrumentation in rehabilitative therapy. [1992]
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Lim I, Walkup R, and Vannier MW
Biomedical instrumentation & technology [Biomed Instrum Technol] 1992 May-Jun; Vol. 26 (3), pp. 209-14.
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Equipment Design, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Software Design, User-Computer Interface, Rehabilitation instrumentation, and Software
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Rapid prototyping is a quick, efficient way to evaluate new electrical instruments. A hardware interface between a computer and an instrument can be simulated in software. The authors demonstrate the technique of rapid prototyping by developing interfaces for two therapeutic strength-testing devices and an electromagnetic tracker/digitizer. The LabVIEW rapid prototyping software tool was used to create "virtual instruments," which combine to form interfaces. The functions and connections of each virtual instrument are described.
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Beevis D and Denis GS
Applied ergonomics [Appl Ergon] 1992 Jun; Vol. 23 (3), pp. 155-60.
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Rapid prototyping or 'virtual prototyping' of human-machine interfaces offers the possibility of putting the human operator 'in the loop' without the effort and cost associated with conventional man-in-the-loop simulation. Advocates suggest that rapid prototyping is compatible with conventional systems development techniques. It is not clear, however, exactly how rapid prototyping could be used in relation to conventional human factors engineering analyses. Therefore, an investigation of the use of the VAPS virtual prototyping system was carried out in five organizations. The results show that a variety of task analysis approaches can be used to initiate rapid prototyping. Overall, it appears that rapid prototyping facilitates an iterative approach to the development of the human-machine interface, and that is most applicable to the early stages of systems development, rather than to detailed design.
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45. Prototyping an institutional IAIMS/UMLS information environment for an academic medical center. [1992]
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Miller PL, Paton JA, Clyman JI, and Powsner SM
Bulletin of the Medical Library Association [Bull Med Libr Assoc] 1992 Jul; Vol. 80 (3), pp. 281-7.
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Computer Communication Networks, Computer Systems, Databases, Bibliographic, Databases, Factual, Information Storage and Retrieval, National Library of Medicine (U.S.), United States, Academic Medical Centers, Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems, and Unified Medical Language System
- Abstract
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The paper describes a prototype information environment designed to link network-based information resources in an integrated fashion and thus enhance the information capabilities of an academic medical center. The prototype was implemented on a single Macintosh computer to permit exploration of the overall "information architecture" and to demonstrate the various desired capabilities prior to full-scale network-based implementation. At the heart of the prototype are two components: a diverse set of information resources available over an institutional computer network and an information sources map designed to assist users in finding and accessing information resources relevant to their needs. The paper describes these and other components of the prototype and presents a scenario illustrating its use. The prototype illustrates the link between the goals of two National Library of Medicine initiatives, the Integrated Academic Information Management System (IAIMS) and the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS).
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Cristiani P, Pazzi S, and Stoppini A
Computer methods and programs in biomedicine [Comput Methods Programs Biomed] 1992 Sep-Oct; Vol. 39 (1-2), pp. 27-34.
- Subjects
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Clinical Protocols, Semantics, Database Management Systems organization administration, Hospital Information Systems organization administration, Software Design, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
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A 4th generation tool, called PRIST-2, is presented that has been designed as an interactive environment for the rapid prototyping of clinical applications in a large-scale Hospital Information System project. We adopted an SQL-based commercial Relational Data Base Management Systems (RDBMS) to guarantee portability on different hardware and operating systems. Relational databases, however, are characterized by a simple data structure and do not incorporate the application semantics required to ensure a high degree of data independence. To reach this goal, we propose an extension to the relational model, adding some of the main characteristics of the Object Oriented Data Base Management Systems (OODBMS) approach, such as "types" and "encapsulation".
- Full text View on content provider's site
47. Acceptance of direct physician access to a computer-based patient record in a managed care setting. [1993]
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Dewey JB, Manning P, and Brandt S
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1993, pp. 79-83.
- Subjects
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Computer Literacy, Humans, Mid-Atlantic Region, Organizational Culture, Organizational Innovation, User-Computer Interface, Ambulatory Care Information Systems statistics numerical data, Attitude to Computers, Managed Care Programs, and Physicians psychology
- Abstract
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Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic States has developed a fully integrated outpatient information system which currently runs on an IBM ES9000 on a VM platform written in MUMPS. The applications include Lab, Radiology, Transcription, Appointments. Pharmacy, Encounter tracking, Hospitalizations, Referrals, Phone Advice, Pap tracking, Problem list, Immunization tracking, and Patient demographics. They are department specific and require input and output from a dumb terminal. We have developed a physician's work station to access this information using PC compatible computers running Microsoft Windows and a custom Microsoft Visual Basic 2.0 environment which draws from these 14 applications giving the physician a comprehensive view of all electronic medical records. Through rapid prototyping, voluntary participation, formal training and gradual implementation we have created an enthusiastic response. 95% of our physician PC users access the system each month. The use ranges from 0.2 to 3.0 screens of data viewed per patient visit. This response continues to drive the process toward still greater user acceptance and further practice enhancement.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Michael PA
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1993, pp. 107-11.
- Subjects
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Computer Systems, Humans, Physicians, Hospital Information Systems statistics numerical data, Medical Records Systems, Computerized statistics numerical data, and Software Design
- Abstract
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The M.D. Rounds Report program was developed and implemented in June of 1992 as an adjunct to the HELP System at Rex Hospital. The program facilitates rapid access to information on allergies and current medications, laboratory results, radiology reports and therapist notes for a list of patients without physicians having to make additional menu or submenu selections. In planning for an upgrade of the program, utilization statistics and user feedback provided valuable information in terms of frequency of access, features used and unused, and the value of the program as a reporting tool in comparison to other online results reporting applications. A brief description of the functionality of the M.D. Rounds Report, evaluation of the program audit trail and user feedback, planned enhancements to the program, and a discussion of the prototyping and monitoring experience and the impact on future physician subsystem development will be presented.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Frassine R, Bertelli S, and Innocenti EB
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1993, pp. 238-42.
- Subjects
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Humans, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, Microcomputers, Ambulatory Care Information Systems, Family Practice, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
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ISAAC (Integrated System Architecture for Advanced Primary Care) is a project aiming at developing information technology and telematic support in the specific field of General Practice--and more broadly in the Primary Health Care sector--within the health care systems of different European Countries. The project aims at improving the work of the General Practitioners through the development of a useful and usable medical workstation for day-to-day patient care. Moreover ISAAC has the goal of prototyping an integration architecture for the improvement of the communications between the ISAAC workstation and heterogeneous application environments, namely other components of the health care system. This paper deals with a general description of the design along with a discussion of the adopted approach to fulfill the integration requirements.
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Mattheus R
Studies in health technology and informatics [Stud Health Technol Inform] 1993; Vol. 6, pp. 167-81.
- Subjects
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Computer Communication Networks standards, Computer Systems standards, Data Collection standards, Forecasting, Humans, Medical Informatics Applications, Medical Records Systems, Computerized standards, Telemedicine standards, Unified Medical Language System, Medical Informatics standards, Multimedia standards, and Radiology Information Systems standards
- Abstract
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This paper is attempting given a summery of the major building blocks and driving forces in the developments of medical informatics and medical imaging in special. The role of multi-media and broadband communication will be described. The paper should give an indication where the author sees medical imaging in the world of informatics, focusing from R&D to product developments, with emphases on standards and prototyping. The author will also define the molecule and atoms of medical informatics and medical imaging. The architecture of the CEN TC 251/4 draft standard will be described in relation to the general objectives of CEN TC 251.
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Rolland, Colette., Bodart, F., and Cauvet, Corine.
- Subjects
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Computer-aided software engineering -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and Paris (1993)
- Abstract
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"This volume presents the proceedings of the fifth Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE '93, held at the University of Paris-Sorbonne in June 1993. Initiated by J. Bubenko from the Swedish Institute for Systems Development in Stockhom, Sweden, and A. Solvberg from the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, Norway, this series of conferences evolved from a Nordic audience to a truly European one. All the conferences have attracted international papers of high quality, indicating the needfor an international conference on advanced information systems engineering topics. The spectrum of contributions contained in the present proceedings extends from inevitable and still controversial issues regarding modeling of information systems, via development environments and experiences, to various novel views forsome specific aspects of information systems development such as reuse, schema integration, and evolution.'--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Ajmone Marsan, M. and International Conference on Applications and Theory of Petri Nets (14th : 1993 : Chicago, Ill.)
- Subjects
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Petri nets -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and Chicago (Ill., 1993)
- Abstract
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"This volume contains the proceedings of the 14th International Conference onApplication and Theory of Petri Nets. The aim of the Petri net conferences is to create a forum for discussing progress in the application and theory of Petri nets. Typically, the conferences have 150-200 participants, one third of whom come from industry, while the rest are from universities and research institutes. The volume includes three invited papers, "Modeling and enactment of workflow systems" (C.A. Ellis, G.J. Nutt), "Interleaving functional and performance structural analysis of net models" (M. Silva), and "FSPNs: fluid stochastic Petri nets" (K.S. Trivedi, V.G. Kulkarni), together with 26 full papers (selected from 102 submissions) and 6 project papers."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Grünbacher, H. and Hartenstein, Reiner.
- Subjects
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Programmable logic devices -- Congresses. and Gate array circuits -- Congresses.
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Woodcock, Jim. and Larsen, P. G. (Peter Gorm), 1964-
- Subjects
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Computer software -- Development -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and Conference papers and proceedings.
- Abstract
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"The last few years have borne witness to a remarkable diversity of formal methods, with applications to sequential and concurrent software, to real-time and reactive systems, and to hardware design. In that time, many theoretical problems have been tackled and solved, and many continue to be worked upon. Yet it is by the suitability of their industrial application and the extent of their usage that formal methods will ultimately be judged. This volume presents the proceedings of the first international symposium of Formal Methods Europe, FME'93. The symposium focuses on the application of industrial-strength formal methods. Authors address the difficulties of scaling their techniques up to industrial-sized problems, and their suitability in the workplace, and discuss techniques that are formal (that is, they have a mathematical basis) and that are industrially applicable. The volume has four parts: - Invited lectures, containing a lecture by Cliff B. Jones and a lecture by Antonio Cau and Willem-Paul de Roever; - Industrial usage reports, containing 6 reports; - Papers, containing 32 selected and refereedpapers; - Tool descriptions, containing 11 descriptions."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Dolenc, AndrƩ, Teknillinen korkeakoulu., and Dolenc, AndrƩ
- Subjects
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Prototypes, Engineering -- Data processing.
56. Virtual reality in engineering [1993]
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Warwick, Kevin, 1954-, Gray, John., Roberts, David, (David James), Gray, J. O., 1937-, and Institution of Electrical Engineers.
- Subjects
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Human-computer interaction., Virtual reality., Virtual reality in engineering., and Engineering Simulations Use of Computers
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Lehmann ED, Deutsch T, Roudsari AV, Carson ER, and Sonksen PH
Medical informatics = Medecine et informatique [Med Inform (Lond)] 1993 Apr-Jun; Vol. 18 (2), pp. 83-101.
- Subjects
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Blood Glucose metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 blood, Evaluation Studies as Topic, Expert Systems, Humans, Microcomputers, Models, Theoretical, Sensitivity and Specificity, Software, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 drug therapy, Insulin administration dosage, Software Validation, and Therapy, Computer-Assisted
- Abstract
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This paper describes the principles and prototyping of a computer system to assist in the treatment of patients with insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus. The system adopts a mixed approach involving rule-based qualitative algebra and a dynamic mathematical model to define the relationships between insulin dosage, diet and glycaemic response. The rule-based system (KBS), implemented in PROLOG, can be used to generate qualitative therapeutic advice. These suggestions are quantified and rank-ordered by the use of a mathematical model of glucose-insulin interaction in type 1 diabetes mellitus, with parameters adjusted for individual patients. In this paper an overview of the integrated prototype, linking the KBS and model, is provided and a case study used to demonstrate the principles of the system in operation. The results of verification and validation work performed on the KBS are described.
58. Integration of 3-D medical imaging and rapid prototyping to create stereolithographic models. [1993]
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Barker TM, Earwaker WJ, Frost N, and Wakeley G
Australasian physical & engineering sciences in medicine [Australas Phys Eng Sci Med] 1993 Jun; Vol. 16 (2), pp. 79-85.
- Subjects
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Humans, Skull anatomy histology, Skull diagnostic imaging, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, and Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods
- Abstract
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This paper describes current research into the creation of solid models which replicate anatomical structures using rapid prototyping techniques. Stereolithography is particularly efficient in the production of highly-complex structures. This technique was applied to the fabrication of a plastic model of a human skull. A geometric definition of the object was obtained by transferring the three-dimensional medical image volume (x-ray CT) and processing the data on a computer graphics workstation. A 3-D biomedical visualisation software package (ANALYZETM) was used to perform segmentation of structures. A 3-D triangular-mesh representation of the selected structure was calculated and converted to a format suitable for processing and construction using stereolithography (SLA). Improvements in the quality of the anatomical model produced will result from improved data processing techniques. Future work is proposed to investigate the influence of imaging parameters and data processing techniques on the resultant plastic models.
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Marin R, Taboada M, Mira J, Barreiro A, and Otero RP
International journal of bio-medical computing [Int J Biomed Comput] 1993 Jul; Vol. 33 (1), pp. 25-43.
- Subjects
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Clinical Protocols, Data Display, Database Management Systems, Databases, Factual, Humans, Medical Oncology, Software Design, Computer Graphics, Expert Systems, Neoplasms therapy, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
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We describe a graphic user interface for an expert system in oncology. The main objectives of our work has been to facilitate the adaptation of the system to different clinical environments and potentiate the factors which more directly determine the acceptance of the system by its users. We present the design principles derived from the features of the clinical domain chosen and from the objectives of the system. These principles are reflected on the design of the screen and of the interaction and in the style of integration of the interface with the other components of the system. Underlying the application we describe is a graphic user interface management system which provides facilities for the fast prototyping and integration of interfaces. We describe here those features of this tool which make the practical application of the design principles we consider possible.
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Hsu W, Hsu LS, and Tenorio MF
International journal of neural systems [Int J Neural Syst] 1993 Sep; Vol. 4 (3), pp. 247-55.
- Subjects
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Nonlinear Dynamics, Algorithms, and Neural Networks, Computer
- Abstract
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This paper describes a novel neural network architecture named ClusNet. This network is designed to study the trade-offs between the simplicity of instance-based methods and the accuracy of the more computational intensive learning methods. The features that make this network different from existing learning algorithms are outlined. A simple proof of convergence of the ClusNet algorithm is given. Experimental results showing the convergence of the algorithm on a specific problem is also presented. In this paper, ClusNet is applied to predict the temporal continuation of the Mackey-Glass chaotic time series. A comparison between the results obtained with ClusNet and other neural network algorithms is made. For example, ClusNet requires one-tenth the computing resources of the instance-based local linear method for this application while achieving comparable accuracy in this task. The sensitivity of ClusNet prediction accuracies on specific clustering algorithms is examined for an application. The simplicity and fast convergence of ClusNet makes it ideal as a rapid prototyping tool for applications where on-line learning is required.
61. Prototyping a bedside documentation system. [1993]
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Bachand P and Bobis K
Computers in nursing [Comput Nurs] 1993 Nov-Dec; Vol. 11 (6), pp. 291-5.
- Subjects
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Humans, Patient Care Team, Program Evaluation, Computer Systems, Documentation, and Hospital Information Systems
- Abstract
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The implementation of a comprehensive bedside documentation system is a major project that demands careful analysis and planning. Since the cost of a typical bedside system can easily exceed $3 million, a design oversight could have disastrous effects on the benefits of the system.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Wells IG, Cartwright RY, and Farnan LP
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry [Clin Chim Acta] 1993 Dec 15; Vol. 222 (1-2), pp. 13-8.
- Subjects
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Computer Graphics and Clinical Laboratory Information Systems
- Abstract
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The computing strategy in our laboratories evolved from research in Artificial Intelligence, and is based on powerful software tools running on high performance desktop computers with a graphical user interface. This allows most tasks to be regarded as design problems rather than implementation projects, and both rapid prototyping and an object-oriented approach to be employed during the in-house development and enhancement of the laboratory information systems. The practical application of this strategy is discussed, with particular reference to the system designer, the laboratory user and the laboratory customer. Routine operation covers five departments, and the systems are stable, flexible and well accepted by the users. Client-server computing, currently undergoing final trials, is seen as the key to further development, and this approach to Pathology computing has considerable potential for the future.
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Boran GP, Given PG, Grimson JB, and O'Moore RR
Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry [Clin Chim Acta] 1993 Dec 15; Vol. 222 (1-2), pp. 23-35.
- Subjects
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Chemistry, Clinical, Critical Care, Humans, and Clinical Laboratory Information Systems
- Abstract
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Interoperability may be defined as the ability of knowledge-based systems to function together in a symbiotic manner. Cooperativity implies interoperability but with the added benefit that the output quality of the cooperative network exceeds the overall performance of the participating sub-systems. A number of candidate architectures to support interoperability and cooperativity between medical knowledge-based systems in laboratory medicine domains are now becoming available. Using rapid prototyping techniques, we have demonstrated the feasibility of one of these approaches by carrying out pilot implementations in two unrelated laboratory medicine domains (an internal consistency checking system for validating patients' results in the laboratory and a system for generating alarms and alerts in high dependency units based on laboratory data). The results of this study are discussed in the context of the available techniques so as to provide a basis for further development of cooperative systems in laboratory medicine.
- Full text View on content provider's site
64. Beyond clients and servers. [1994]
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van Mulligen E and Timmers T
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1994, pp. 546-50.
- Subjects
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Computer Systems, Software, and Systems Integration
- Abstract
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Computer scientists working in medical informatics have to face the problem that software offered by industry is more and more adopted for clinical use by medical professionals. A new challenge arises of how to combine commercial solutions with typical medical software that already exists for some years and proved to be reliable with these off-the-shelf solutions [1]. With the HERMES project, this new challenge was accepted and possible solutions to integrate existing legacy systems with state-of-the-art commercial solutions have been investigated. After a period of prototyping to assess possible alternative solutions, a system based on an indirect client-server model was implemented with help of the industry. In this paper, its architecture is described together with the most important features currently covered. Based on the HERMES architecture, both systems for clinical data analysis and patient care (cardiology) are currently developed.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Pham TQ, Young CY, Tang PC, Suermondt HJ, and Annevelink J
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1994, pp. 626-30.
- Subjects
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Ambulatory Care Information Systems, Computer Communication Networks, and Computer Systems
- Abstract
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PWS is a physician's workstation research prototype developed to explore the use of information management tools by physicians in the context of patient care. The original prototype was implemented in a client/server architecture using a broadcast message server. As we expanded the scope of the prototyping activities, we identified the limitations of the broadcast message server in the areas of scalability, security, and interoperability. To address these issues, we reimplemented PWS using the Open Software Foundation's Distributed Computing Environment (DCE). We describe the rationale for using DCE, the migration process, and the benefits achieved. Future work and recommendations are discussed.
- Full text View on content provider's site
66. Prototyping a genetics deductive database. [1994]
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Hearne C, Cui Z, Parsons S, and Hajnal S
Proceedings. International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology [Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol] 1994; Vol. 2, pp. 170-8.
- Subjects
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Animals, Databases, Factual, Genome, Humans, Chromosome Mapping, and Database Management Systems
- Abstract
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We are developing a laboratory notebook system known as the Genetics Deductive Database. Currently our prototype provides storage for biological facts and rules with flexible access via an interactive graphical display. We have introduced a formal basis for the representation and reasoning necessary to order genome map data and handle the uncertainty inherent in biological data. We aim to support laboratory activities by introducing an experiment planner into our prototype. The Genetics Deductive Database is built using new database technology which provides an object-oriented conceptual model, a declarative rule language, and a procedural update language. This combination of features allows the implementation of consistency maintenance, automated reasoning, and data verification.
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Benson PJ
The Journal of audiovisual media in medicine [J Audiov Media Med] 1994 Jan; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 27-30.
- Subjects
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Cockayne Syndrome pathology, Humans, Facial Expression, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, Photography methods, and Physiognomy
- Abstract
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As long ago as 1878 attempts have been made to define photographically the typical facial characteristics of persons exhibiting particular appearances or afflictions. State-of-the-art numerical computing techniques facilitate definition of highly accurate facial composites. Such images are devoid of ghosting caused by nonalignment of facial features. Composites can help to define the prototypical visual appearance of facial types and as such have applications in visual cognitive psychology and clinical imaging. This article describes the imaging process and discusses how clinical presentation of different diseases can be visualized using physiognomic information and how this has the potential to be developed as a diagnostic tool.
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van Bemmel JH
International journal of bio-medical computing [Int J Biomed Comput] 1994 Jan; Vol. 34 (1-4), pp. 365-71.
- Subjects
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Artificial Intelligence, Computer Communication Networks, Database Management Systems, Delivery of Health Care, Humans, Information Storage and Retrieval, Software Design, User-Computer Interface, Computer Systems, Integrated Advanced Information Management Systems, and Software
- Abstract
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The development of medical workstations for the support of patient care, the assessment of care, management support, and education is just at its beginning. During the Working Conference on the Health care Professional Workstation held in Washington DC, June 1993, several aspects of such workstations were discussed, but it was also recognized that prototyping or learning by experience could be a rich source to further promote the progress in this field. Eight such prototypes or already operational medical workstations were demonstrated and a preliminary user assessment was done to obtain a first insight in the advantages and the type of criteria of such evaluations. It was concluded that such assessments were of great value to (i) give feedback to the designers of medical workstations, (ii) indicate areas of strength and for further research, and (iii) to offer criteria to potential users of such workstations for making decisions on using such systems. The assessment criteria deal with functionality, architecture, user interfaces, communications and integration, and data and knowledge management.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Wolf HP, Lindner A, Millesi W, Knabl J, and Watzke I
Fortschritte der Kiefer- und Gesichts-Chirurgie [Fortschr Kiefer Gesichtschir] 1994; Vol. 39, pp. 19-22.
- Subjects
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Adolescent, Bone Plates, Computer Systems, Female, Humans, Lasers, Malocclusion surgery, Mandibular Neoplasms surgery, Microcomputers, Middle Aged, Osteotomy, Cephalometry instrumentation, Computer Simulation, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation, Models, Anatomic, and Tomography, X-Ray Computed instrumentation
- Abstract
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3-D-modelling of the skull is useful referring to improve diagnostics, for surgical planning and simulation of surgical procedure. Stereolithography is a constructive process producing a model by building it up layer by layer with plastic using an "ultraviolet" laser to catalyse the polymerization of a liquid plastic solution. This fast prototyping derives from using a new interface between a CT-Scanner and a SLA. By avoiding the tool path problems inherent in conventional computerdriven CNC milling machines we succeeded in producing closed cavities and even intraosseous course of vessels and nerves. The compact and smooth surface makes manual postprocessing unnecessary. By using a new software (interpolation +/- 0.25 mm) we could improve the accuracy. At our studies we found a maximum aberration of at least 0.25 mm.
70. Software engineering tools. [1994]
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Wear LL and Pinkert JR
Journal of AHIMA [J AHIMA] 1994 Jan; Vol. 65 (1), pp. 24-6, 28-9.
- Subjects
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Data Display, Database Management Systems, Software Design, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
-
We have looked at general descriptions and illustrations of several software development tools, such as tools for prototyping, developing DFDs, testing, and maintenance. Many others are available, and new ones are being developed. However, you have at least seen some examples of powerful CASE tools for systems development.
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Smith, Douglas W. (Douglas Wemp), 1938-
- Subjects
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Genome., Automatic Data Processing., Chromosome Mapping -- methods., Computer Systems., Sequence Analysis, DNA -- methods., and Genomes -- Data processing.
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Karagiannis, D. (Dimitris), 1956-
- Subjects
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Expert systems (Computer science) -- Congresses., Database management -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and Conference papers and proceedings.
- Abstract
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"This volume constitutes the proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA '94), held in Athens, Greece in September 1994. The 78 papers presented were selected from more than 300 submissions and give a comprehensive view of advanced applications of databases and expert systems. Among the topics covered are object-oriented, temporal, active, geographical, hypermedia and distributed databases, data management, cooperative office applications, object-oriented modelling, industrial applications, conceptual modelling, legal systems, evolving environments, knowledge engineering, information retrieval, advanced querying, medical systems, and CIM."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Tokoro, Mario, 1947- and Pareschi, Remo.
- Subjects
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Object-oriented programming (Computer science) -- Congresses. and Conference papers and proceedings.
- Abstract
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"This volume contains the proceedings of the 8th European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECCOP '94), held in Bologna, Italy in July 1994. ECOOP is the premier European event on object-oriented programming and technology. The 25 full refereed papers presented in the volume were selected from 161 submissions; they are grouped in sessions on class design, concurrency, patterns, declarative programming, implementation, specification, dispatching, and experience. Together with the keynote speech "Beyond Objects" by Luc Steels (Brussels) and the invited paper "Putting Objects to Work" by Norbert A. Streitz (GMD-IPSI, Darmstadt) they offer an exciting perspective on object-oriented programming research and applications"--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Halatsis, C. (Costas), Maritsas, D. (Dimitrios), Philokyprou, G. (George), and Theodoridis, S. (Sergios)
- Subjects
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Parallel processing (Electronic computers) -- Congresses., Computer architecture -- Congresses., and Conference papers and proceedings.
- Abstract
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"This volume presents the proceedings of the 5th International Conference Parallel Architectures and Languages Europe (PARLE '94), held in Athens, Greece in July 1994. PARLE is the main Europe-based event on parallel processing. Parallel processing is now well established within the high-performance computing technology and of stategic importance not only to the computer industry, but also for a wide range of applications affecting the whole economy. The 60 full papers and 24 poster presentations accepted for this proceedings were selected from some 200 submissions by the international program committee; they cover the whole field and give a timely state-of-the-art report on research and advanced applications in parallel computing."--PUBLISHER'S WEBSITE.
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Boar, Bernard H., 1947- and Boar, Bernard H., 1947-
- Subjects
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Strategic planning -- Data processing., Information technology -- Management., and Management information systems.
- Abstract
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"Today's leaner, meaner, total quality business organizations look to information technology to provide them with a sustainable competitive advantage. That's why the IT managers who are in greatest demand are those who are well versed in modern strategic planning techniques and capable of developing a dynamic IT organization ever alert to their companies' current and future business needs. Written by an author at the cutting edge of today's IT business strategy revolution, this book offers you a clear, easy-to-implement action plan for reengineering your business's IT organization with an eye to building, sustaining, and expanding a competitive advantage. You will find charts and templates that an IT staff can customize and use today; techniques for overcoming most architecture problems, including a diagramming technique for drawing exceptionally clear blueprints; an in-depth discussion of business IT alignment; how to design an internal IT business economy; tips on how to get the biggest bang for the buck while optimizing customer service; and proven techniques that radically improve application development through object-oriented technologies, data servers, and prototyping."--Jacket.
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Chang, Ike Yi., Project Air Force (U.S.), United States. Air Force., and Chang, Ike Yi.
- Subjects
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United States. Department of Defense -- Procurement., Radar -- Military applications -- United States., Technology transfer -- United States., Technology transfer -- Japan., and FSX (Jet fighter plane)
- Abstract
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This report explores the issue of U.S. access to Japanese technology related to the FS-X, an aircraft being developed cooperatively by the two countries. It focuses on the possible transfer of technology from the Japanese FS-X radar, the first active phased array radar operational in combat aircraft. The author concludes that U.S. industry could benefit from transfer of the composite materials technology for the antenna, the built-in test algorithm, and the high-volume, low-cost manufacturing methods used for transmit/ receive modules. However, such transfer faces several obstacles, among them conflicts with proprietary interests, differing program needs, and complex transfer procedures. Greater benefit might result from learning about Japanese practices in industrial R & D, such as the development of dual use technology, and in defense acquisition, such as rapid system prototyping and incremental improvement.
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Bowen, H. Kent.
- Subjects
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Project management -- United States., New products -- United States -- Management., Production management -- United States., Manufactures -- United States -- Case studies., Manufacturing industries -- United States -- Case studies., and Case studies.
- Abstract
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U.S. manufacturing is today in a critical period. As a consequence of new global competitors, changes in technologies, and significant shifts in national priorities, our manufacturing base has shrunk alarmingly and thousands of manufacturing jobs have been lost. To address this problem, a unique team was formed called the Manufacturing Vision Group, which included members from five major companies (Chaparral Steel, DEC, Ford Motor Company, Hewlett-Packard, and Eastman Kodak) and four major universities (Harvard, MIT, Purdue, and Stanford). In The Perpetual Enterprise Machine, this group argues that the development project is the vehicle to change a firm's products, processes, and capabilities in order to compete successfully in today's dynamic business environment. The manufacturer that can execute successful projects - leading to new products and processes - will be the one that prospers in the years ahead.
Projects become the mechanism for growth and learning for successful firms. The Perpetual Enterprise Machine outlines seven critical elements that outstanding development projects have in common, principles that can be powerful engines of success for the manufacturer facing the challenges of today's fiercely competitive environment. Successful firms recognize and nurture their core capabilities, which are uniquely defined by their hardware, software, and humanware systems and which are crucial to the success of projects. A guiding vision, shared by all members of the cross-functional teams has three levels of specificity. They push the performance envelope, using the immediate project goals to also push the company's capabilities along other dimensions (such as process technology). They have leadership, someone who can navigate uncertain terrain, who sees the project's essential elements from beginning to end, creating integrity in the project and its outcome.
They instill the team with a sense of ownership and commitment, linking their personal success, status, and esteem to accomplishing project goals. They use multiple forms of prototyping to learn rapidly and reduce mistakes and misunderstandings. And they integrate within projects, approaching individual tasks in terms of a system-wide solution. Throughout the book, the Manufacturing Vision Group illustrates these seven principles with real life case histories. We see the story behind Kodak's development of the FunSaver camera (done on a unique CAD/CAM system that greatly helped integration and shortened the lead time from design to production); Fords 1991 Crown Victoria, the first project launched under its Concept-to-Customer system; Chaparral Steels development of the worlds first horizontal steel caster; and Hewlett-Packard's wildly successful DeskJet printer.
The Perpetual Enterprise Machine delivers the insights of some of the top minds from industry and academia on one of the primary concerns of American business - how to revitalize our manufacturing industries. Visionary - yet engaging and immediately accessible - it gives managers the opportunity to profit from the trials and triumphs of five major corporations, and helps them shape the kinds of projects that will thrive and prosper in the years ahead.
- Full text View on content provider's site
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Barker TM, Earwaker WJ, and Lisle DA
Australasian radiology [Australas Radiol] 1994 May; Vol. 38 (2), pp. 106-11.
- Subjects
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Humans, Skull anatomy histology, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Skull diagnostic imaging, and Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Abstract
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A study was undertaken to determine the dimensional accuracy of anatomical replicas derived from X-ray 3D computed tomography (CT) images and produced using the rapid prototyping technique of stereolithography (SLA). A dry bone skull and geometric phantom were scanned, and replicas were produced. Distance measurements were obtained to compare the original objects and the resulting replicas. Repeated measurements between anatomical landmarks were used for comparison of the original skull and replica. Results for the geometric phantom demonstrate a mean difference of +0.47 mm, representing an accuracy of 97.7-99.12%. Measurements of the skull produced a range of absolute differences (maximum +4.62 mm, minimum +0.1 mm, mean +0.85 mm). These results support the use of SLA models of human anatomical structures in such areas as pre-operative planning of complex surgical procedures. For applications where higher accuracy is required, improvements can be expected by utilizing smaller pixel resolution in the CT images. Stereolithographic models can now be confidently employed as accurate, three-dimensional replicas of complex, anatomical structures.
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Chase CR, Ashikaga T, and Mazuzan JE Jr
Journal of clinical monitoring [J Clin Monit] 1994 Jul; Vol. 10 (4), pp. 251-63.
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Computer Graphics, Computer Literacy, Hospital Records, Humans, Anesthesia, Attitude to Computers, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
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Objective: The objective of our study was to assess the acceptability of a proposed user interface to visually interfaced computer-assisted anesthesia record (VISI-CAARE), before the application was begun. The user interface was defined as the user display and its user orientation methods.
Methods: We designed methods to measure user performance and attitude toward two different anesthesia record procedures: (1) the traditional pen and paper anesthetic record procedure of our hospital, and (2) VISI-CAARE. Performance measurements included the reaction speed (identifying the type and time of an event) and completion speed (describing the event). Performance also included accuracy of the recorded time of the event and accuracy of the description. User attitude was measured by (1) the physician's rating on a scale of 0 to 9 of the potential usefulness of computers in anesthesia care; (2) willingness to use the future application in the clinical environment; and (3) user suggestions for change. These measurements were used in a randomized trial of 21 physicians, of which data from 20 were available.
Results: After exposure to VISI-CAARE, the experimental subjects' ranking of computer usefulness in anesthesia care improved significantly (4.2 +/- 1.1 to 7.6 +/- 1.5, p = 0.0001), as did controls' (5.2 +/- 2.6 to 8 +/- 1.5, p = 0.0019). All the volunteers were willing to try the proposed prototype clinically, when it was ready. VISI-CAARE exposure was associated with faster and more accurate reaction to events over the traditional pen and paper machine, and slower and more accurate description of events in an artificial mock setting. VISI-CAARE 1.1 demonstrated significant improvements in both reaction speed and completion speed over VISI-CAARE 1.0, after changes were made to the user display and orientation methods.
Conclusion: With graphic user interface prototyping environments, one can obtain preliminary user attitude and performance data, even before application programming is begun. This may be helpful in revising initial display and orientation methods, while obtaining user interest and commitment before actual programming and clinical testing.
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Varma DG, Grossman J, Draper EJ, and Durke VW 3rd
Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc [Radiographics] 1994 Sep; Vol. 14 (5), pp. 1127-38.
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Data Display, Computers, Exhibitions as Topic, and Radiology
- Abstract
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The computerized scientific exhibit (CSE) is gaining acceptance as a tool for delivering scientific information at meetings of radiologic societies. CSEs allow presentation of more material in a more space-efficient manner than do conventional exhibits, and the viewer can control the order and detail in which material is reviewed. As a disadvantage, currently, the radiologist must use a support team and learn new tools to create a CSE. The preparation and cost may also be greater. Meeting attendees must overcome a reluctance to use computers to benefit from a CSE. Creation of a CSE has design, production, and presentation phases. A team of content authors, software author, graphics acquisition person, and project manager works together through brainstorming, conceptual ordering, storyboarding, prototyping, and selection of authoring tools to design the exhibit. Production must include use of common word processing and image file formats, as well as standardization of image resolution. Accurate equipment specification is needed to ensure that the exhibit can be run on the equipment provided by the meeting organizers. In addition, some security steps are needed to prevent misuse of the exhibit. In addition to display at assemblies, the CSE can be made available to a larger audience by delivery on media such as compact disks and the Internet and can be continually modified as new material becomes available.
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81. One vendor's experience: preliminary development of a reminder system based on the Arden Syntax. [1994]
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Spates RP and Aller KC
Computers in biology and medicine [Comput Biol Med] 1994 Sep; Vol. 24 (5), pp. 371-5.
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Decision Support Techniques, Expert Systems, Systems Integration, Artificial Intelligence, Clinical Laboratory Information Systems, Decision Making, Computer-Assisted, Programming Languages, and Reminder Systems
- Abstract
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This article reviews the efforts of HBO & Company in the production of a first phase clinical alerting system based on the Arden Syntax. The alerting system was integrated with a clinical data repository and clinical workstation to process returning laboratory results. Investigations with expert systems resulted in a C language alerting system. GUI prototyping of an authoring environment led to a Smalltalk language authoring system. Future development is expected to broaden the system scope and address the evolution of the Arden Syntax.
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Mankovich NJ, Samson D, Pratt W, Lew D, and Beumer J 3rd
Otolaryngologic clinics of North America [Otolaryngol Clin North Am] 1994 Oct; Vol. 27 (5), pp. 875-89.
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Ear surgery, Humans, Prostheses and Implants, Diagnostic Imaging, Face anatomy histology, Face surgery, Skull anatomy histology, Skull surgery, and Surgery, Plastic
- Abstract
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The acquisition, processing, and use of three-dimensional (3D) imaging provide new insights into normal and abnormal craniofacial anatomy. In this article, characteristics of CT and MRI scanning are reviewed along with the methods used to delineate tissues and produce 3D patient displays, including contouring, shaded surface, and volumetric processing. The use of 3D model fabrication for surgical planning is discussed with examples of the production of a custom CT-based auricle model and the use of rapid prototyping technology to create models for custom alloplastic implant surgery. The review concludes with some speculation about the future of 3D medical imaging as it will influence surgical training and practice over the coming decades.
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Cimino JJ, Socratous SA, and Grewal R
Proceedings. Symposium on Computer Applications in Medical Care [Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care] 1995, pp. 111-5.
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Computer Security, General Surgery, Humans, Information Systems, User-Computer Interface, Computer Communication Networks, Computer Systems, Data Display, and Medical Records Systems, Computerized
- Abstract
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We have experimented with developing a prototype Surgeon's Workstation which makes use of the World Wide Web client-server architecture. Although originally intended merely as a means for obtaining user feedback for use in designing a "real" system, the application has been adopted for use by our Department of Surgery. As they begin to use the application, they have suggested changes and we have responded. This paper illustrates some of the advantages we have found for prototyping with Web-based applications, including security aspects.
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Satava RM
Journal of image guided surgery [J Image Guid Surg] 1995; Vol. 1 (1), pp. 12-6.
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Computer-Assisted Instruction, Education, Medical, General Surgery education, Humans, Computer Simulation, Surgical Procedures, Operative, and Telemedicine
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We are seeing the emergence of medical applications for virtual reality (VR). These include telepresence surgery, three-dimensional (3-D) visualization of anatomy for medical education, VR surgical simulators, and virtual prototyping of surgical equipment and operating rooms. Today, approximately 90% of the knowledge a physician requires can be obtained through electronic means, such as diagnostic sensors and imaging modalities, directly seeing the patient with a video camera for medical consultation, or using electronic medical records. In addition, with telepresence, a therapy can be effected electronically, regardless of the physical location of the patient. Therefore, it makes sense to send the electronic information or manipulation, rather than sending the patient or blood samples, to obtain tests or to produce a cure. In that these applications are mediated through the computer interface, they are the embodiment of VR as the major force for change in the field of medicine. The Green Telepresence Surgery System consists of two components, the surgical workstation and the remote worksite. At the remote site are a 3-D camera system and responsive manipulators with sensory input. At the workstation are a 3-D monitor and dexterous handles with force feedback. The next generation in medical education can learn anatomy from a new perspective by "flying" inside and around the organs, using sophisticated computer systems and 3-D visualization. The VR surgical simulator is a stylized recreation of the human abdomen with several essential organs. Using this, students and surgeons can practice surgical procedures with virtual scalpels and clamps. To support these advanced technologies, the operating room and hospital of the future will first be designed and tested in virtual reality, allowing multiple iterations of equipment and surgical rooms before they are actually built. Insofar as all these technologies are based on digital information, they are the building blocks for the digital physician of the 21st century.
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Searls DB and Murphy KP
Proceedings. International Conference on Intelligent Systems for Molecular Biology [Proc Int Conf Intell Syst Mol Biol] 1995; Vol. 3, pp. 341-9.
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Automation, Base Sequence, DNA, Satellite genetics, Frameshift Mutation, Markov Chains, Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Deletion, Software, Algorithms, Models, Genetic, Mutation, Proteins chemistry, and Proteins genetics
- Abstract
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Finite-state automata called transducers, which have both input and output, can be used to model simple mechanisms of biological mutation. We present a methodology whereby numerically-weighted versions of such specifications can be mechanically adapted to create string edit machines that are essentially equivalent to recurrence relations of the sort that characterize dynamic programming alignment algorithms. Based on this, we have developed a visual programming system for designing new alignment algorithms in a rapid-prototyping fashion.
86. Protocol for the clinical functionality assessment of a workstation for stereotactic neurosurgery. [1995]
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Verbeeck R, Michiels J, Nuttin B, Knauth M, Vandermeulen D, Suetens P, Marchal G, and Gybels J
IEEE transactions on medical imaging [IEEE Trans Med Imaging] 1995; Vol. 14 (3), pp. 577-86.
- Abstract
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The objective of this study is to establish a protocol for the technical and clinical evaluation of a workstation for the planning of stereotactic neurosurgical interventions that has been developed in the framework of a joint European research project. Although several such workstations have been proposed before, they lacked the final and most important step, that of clinical validation. They failed to rigorously prove that their product was useful. The authors present a new method that is applicable to the evaluation of a wide range of medical technologies. Their protocol basically assesses the clinical relevance of the user requirements that are at the root of the development of the new technology. The evaluation consists of two stages. During functional specification, iterative prototyping is used to establish the clinical requirements and to assure the quality of the final product. A case study design is used in a second stage that assesses the clinical usability. A before-after study gives a first indication of cost effectiveness and improvement of health care quality.
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Sundaramoorthy G, Hoford JD, Hoffman EA, and Higgins WE
Computerized medical imaging and graphics : the official journal of the Computerized Medical Imaging Society [Comput Med Imaging Graph] 1995 Jan-Feb; Vol. 19 (1), pp. 131-43.
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Computer Graphics, Heart diagnostic imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Reproducibility of Results, Respiratory System anatomy histology, Software, Software Design, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted methods, and User-Computer Interface
- Abstract
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The utility of three-dimensional (3D) medical imaging is hampered by difficulties in extracting anatomical regions and making measurements in 3D images. Presently, a user is generally forced to use time-consuming, subjective, manual methods, such as slice tracing and region painting, to define regions of interest. Automatic image-analysis methods can ameliorate the difficulties of manual methods. This paper describes a graphical user interface (GUI) system for constructing automatic image-analysis processes for 3D medical-imaging applications. The system, referred to as IMPROMPTU, provides a user-friendly environment for prototyping, testing and executing complex image-analysis processes. IMPROMPTU can stand alone or it can interact with an existing graphics-based 3D medical image-analysis package (VIDA), giving a strong environment for 3D image-analysis, consisting of tools for visualization, manual interaction, and automatic processing. IMPROMPTU links to a large library of 1D, 2D, and 3D image-processing functions, referred to as VIPLIB, but a user can easily link in custom-made functions. 3D applications of the system are given for left-ventricular chamber, myocardial, and upper-airway extractions.
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Bosch WR, Low DA, Gerber RL, Michalski JM, Graham MV, Perez CA, Harms WB, and Purdy JA
International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics [Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys] 1995 Jan 01; Vol. 31 (1), pp. 135-42.
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Hospital Records, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Software, and Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted instrumentation
- Abstract
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Purpose: We have developed a software tool for interactively verifying treatment plan implementation. The Electronic View Box (EVB) tool copies the paradigm of current practice but does so electronically. A portal image (online portal image or digitized port film) is displayed side by side with a prescription image (digitized simulator film or digitally reconstructed radiograph). The user can measure distances between features in prescription and portal images and "write" on the display, either to approve the image or to indicate required corrective actions. The EVB tool also provides several features not available in conventional verification practice using a light box.
Methods and Materials: The EVB tool has been written in ANSI C using the X window system. The tool makes use of the Virtual Machine Platform and Foundation Library specifications of the NCI-sponsored Radiation Therapy Planning Tools Collaborative Working Group for portability into an arbitrary treatment planning system that conforms to these specifications. The present EVB tool is based on an earlier Verification Image Review tool, but with a substantial redesign of the user interface. A graphical user interface prototyping system was used in iteratively refining the tool layout to allow rapid modifications of the interface in response to user comments.
Results: Features of the EVB tool include 1) hierarchical selection of digital portal images based on physician name, patient name, and field identifier; 2) side-by-side presentation of prescription and portal images at equal magnification and orientation, and with independent grayscale controls; 3) "trace" facility for outlining anatomical structures; 4) "ruler" facility for measuring distances; 5) zoomed display of corresponding regions in both images; 6) image contrast enhancement; and 7) communication of portal image evaluation results (approval, block modification, repeat image acquisition, etc.).
Conclusion: The EVB tool facilitates the rapid comparison of prescription and portal images and permits electronic communication of corrections in port shape and positioning.
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Hohnloser JH, Pürner F, Dusek R, and Zitek M
Medinfo. MEDINFO [Medinfo] 1995; Vol. 8 Pt 2, pp. 1661.
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Germany, Hospitals, University, Humans, Hospital Information Systems, and Medical Records Systems, Computerized
- Abstract
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We demonstrate an Ethernet based local area network (LAN) with clinical workstations (Apple Macintosh). The patient archiving and documentation system (PADS) represents a computerized patient record system presently used in a university hospital's ICU, CCU, and oncology unit [1]. Since 1990, over 100 users have documented more than 6,000 patient admissions, equaling 30% of all inpatient admission in our hospital. Taking full advantage of the macintosh based graphical user interface (GUI), our system enables nurses and doctors to perform the following tasks: admission, medical history taking, physical examination, generation of problem lists and follow up notes, access to laboratory data and reports, and the semiautomatic generation of a discharge summary including full word processor capabilities. Furthermore, the system offers rapid, consistent, and complete automatic encoding of diagnoses following the International Classification of Disease (ICD - 9 CM; WHO). The system has links to other educational programs such as cardiac auscultation and image analysis. A MEDLINE literature search through a CD-ROM based system can be performed from within the system. CD-ROM based medical textbooks can be accessed as well. Users can customize their working environment and use any commercially available macintosh programs from within the main application. Additional options include: automatic background monitoring of users learning behavior, analyses and graphical display of numerous epidemiological, and healthcare related problems. Furthermore, sound and digital video can be recorded in our system. E had initially developed a relational database 4GL development tool in the rapid prototyping phase, and have since completed the next step of development: rewriting the complete application using C++ and Oracle. The user interface has hardly changed, maintaining the "look & feel" of the initial application and introducing the performance of a professional relational database management system (RDBMS). This system represents one in a line of modular departmental models which are being integrated to form a decentralized hospital information system (HIS) at the University of Munich. The proposed theater-style demonstration will walk the audience through the system simulating a true patient admission and work up.
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Vazquez, Donald., Air University (U.S.). Press., Air University (U.S.). School of Advanced Airpower Studies., and Vazquez, Donald.
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United States. Air Force -- Equipment -- Inventories., United States. Air Force -- Weapons systems -- Procurement., United States. Air Force -- Operational readiness., and Inventories.
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Revell, Norman, 1947- and Tjoa, A Min.
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Databases -- Congresses., Expert systems (Computer science) -- Congresses., Conference proceedings., and London (1995)
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Oldfield, John V., 1933-, Dorf, Richard C., and Oldfield, John V., 1933-
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Field programmable gate arrays., Programmable array logic., and Digital electronics.
- Full text View on content provider's site
93. Interactive system design [1995]
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Newman, William M., 1939-, Lamming, Michael G., and Newman, William M., 1939-
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Human-computer interaction., System design., Systeemontwerp., Interactie., Programmatuurtechniek., and Computers Interactions With Humans
94. Product design and development [1995]
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Ulrich, Karl T., Eppinger, Steven D., and Ulrich, Karl T.
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Industrial management., Production management., Industrial engineering., and New products -- Management.
95. Rapid prototyping journal. [1995]
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Prototypes, Engineering -- Periodicals., Systems engineering -- Periodicals., Computer simulation -- Periodicals., Computer network resources., and Electronic journals.
- Full text View on content provider's site
96. Rapid prototyping. [1995]
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Rapid Prototyping Association of SME.
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CAD/CAM systems -- Periodicals., Prototypes, Engineering -- Periodicals., CAD/CAM systems., Prototypes, Engineering., and Periodicals.
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Mosses, Peter., Nielsen, M. (Mogens), 1949-, Schwartzbach, Michael I., Colloquium on Trees in Algebra and Programming (1995 : Aarhus, Denmark), and Colloquium on Formal Approaches of Software Engineering (1995 : Aarhus, Denmark)
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Computer software -- Development -- Congresses. and Conference papers and proceedings.
98. VLSI digital signal processors: an introduction to rapid prototyping and design synthesis [1995]
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Madisetti, V. (Vijay) and Madisetti, V. (Vijay)
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Microprocessors -- Design and construction., Signal processing -- Digital techniques., and Integrated circuits -- Very large scale integration -- Design and construction.
- Abstract
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This is the only book that offers a thorough treatment of the following: design and application of programmable digital signal processors; formal specification and optimization of signal processing architectures and circuits; high-level synthesis of DSP architectures and datapaths; detailed treatment of application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs); scheduling, allocation and assignment algorithms for multiple processor DSP systems; and hardware/software co-design issues in DSP. VLSI Digital Signal Processors: An Introduction to Rapid Prototyping and Design Synthesis provides a cohesive, quantitative and clear exposition of the implementation and prototyping of digital signal processing algorithms on programmable signal processors, parallel processing systems and application-specific ICs. Included are both programmable and dedicated digital signal processors, and discussions of the latest optimization methods and the use of computer-aided-design techniques.
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Leonard-Barton, Dorothy. and Leonard-Barton, Dorothy.
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Information technology -- Management., Information resources management., and Management information systems.
- Abstract
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This work argues that, in order to remain competitive, firms must devise and maintain a system of knowledge creation to build up reservoirs of knowledge. It focuses on knowledge-creating activities, and uses practical mangerial examples showing how to nurture capabilities over time.
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Gregory J, Mattison JE, and Linde C
Methods of information in medicine [Methods Inf Med] 1995 Mar; Vol. 34 (1-2), pp. 57-67.
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Ambulatory Care organization administration, California, Disease classification, Humans, Insurance, Major Medical, Software Design, Vocabulary, Controlled, and Medical Records Systems, Computerized
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To practice medicine in the near future, health care providers in the USA need an information infrastructure they do not yet have. We offer a contribution from social science research to discussions of current medical records practices and how health care activity systems may be transformed by the advent of electronic health records. The goal of the paper is to set forth a framework that connects over-arching questions concerning medical informatics systems development with the practical, cultural and conceptual issues involved in transitions from handwritten and other free text documentation to structured entry of medical records to build patient profiles. The research is broadly framed by an interest in how reciprocal modifications of the design and use of an electronic health record are negotiated in an iterative prototyping project. It is conducted as part of a complex multi-disciplinary research and development effort to create an electronic health record prototype for use in the integrated health care delivery environment of the Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program.
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