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ARREST, NEUTRALITY, SLAVERY, and INTERNATIONAL conflict

The article offers worlds news briefs in January 1850. Spanish General Narciso Lopez has been arrested in New Orleans, Louisiana, awaiting trial on charge to violate the U.S. neutrality act of 1818. Both U.S. Houses of Congress are still engaged in arguing the different questions emerging out of slavery. The misunderstanding between France and England has grown out of the demands in the subjects of Great Britain against the Greece government.

UNITED States politics & government, INTERNATIONAL relations, and VIRGINIA. Legislature

The article offers news briefs related to politics in the U.S. House Representatives Honorable William R. King of Alabama and Honorable Howell Cobb of Georgia were called to help prepare the opening of the second session of the Thirty-first Congress. The U.S. government has made favorable changes to its foreign policy following its negotiation with Great Britain. The Virginia Legislature has assembled to tackle the Compromise measures of the Congress on December 2, 1850.

PRESIDENTIAL administrations, PROCLAMATIONS, and INSURGENCY

The article presents the editor's views on the program pertaining to the emancipation of rebels with their consent, compensation by Congress, and colonization beyond the limits in the U.S. He reacts that the proclamation of the program by President Abraham Lincoln only applies to such of them as shall persist in rebellion after the first of January 1863. He also looks at the three classes of states in which this proclamation will have no effect on the first of January.

PRINCIPLE of nationalities

The article presents the author's insights on the main points in the Articles of Confederation and Constitution. The author differentiates the frameworks of the two governments and reveals the differences between them. The author notes that the vote in Congress was taken by the States based on the Articles while vote is taken by members according to the Constitution. The author also stresses that the Constitution is considered as the organic law of a completed and developed nationality.

EMANCIPATION of slaves, SLAVERY laws, and U.S. states

The article offers information on the pecuniary aid offered by the Congress, recommended by the U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, to abolish slavery within their boundaries on April 10, 1862. It mentions that the pecuniary aid is offered to loyal states to provide emancipation and compensation to slaves. Moreover, it states that the pecuniary aid eradicates evils, punishes crimes and accomplishes reforms.

FINANCE laws, CURRENCY question, NEGOTIABLE instruments, and LETTERS of credit

The article discusses the financial history of the Revolutionary government accepted and sustained by the people in the U.S. It states that there is no record of discussions of two million Spanish milled dollars in bills of credit to be released by the Congress in defence of the U.S. on June 22, 1775. It adds that on June 23, 1775, the denomination, form, and number of the bills were made into eight denominations which was decided by the Committee of the Whole.

PROCLAMATIONS, AMERICAN Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Social aspects, WOMEN -- Congresses, and MEETINGS

The article offers the author's insights on the social aspects of the proclamation of the U.S. President following the fall of Fort Sumter on April 15, 1861. The author says that men had rushed to arms while women have gathered to devise means in alleviating suffering. The author offers that fifty ladies met at the New York Infirmary for women in New York on April 25, 1861. The author also adds that there was a meeting in the Cooper Institute presided by D. D. Field.

CONSTITUTIONAL amendments (United States), POLITICAL reform, DESPOTISM, and SLAVERY in the United States

The article discusses the proposed U.S. constitutional amendment in 1864 which failed in its final passage in the U.S. House of Representatives. It says that only despotism could disregard the provision of the amendment. It mentions several reasons of the proposed amendment, which include the highest warrant as a measure of political reform it has, the necessity to establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, and to strike the root of slavery.

REVOLUTIONS, CONFERENCES & conventions, and CONSTITUTIONS

The article presents information about the book "History of the Anti-Slavery Measures of the Thirty-Seventh and Thirty-Eighth United States Congresses, 1861-5," by Henry Wilson. Wilson's book records another and a brighter chapter in the history of the U.S. The rebellion of 1860-61 swept away in a moment the constitutional restrictions by which slavery had been so long protected, and the withdrawal of the Southern senators and representatives afforded an opportunity to the Thirty-seventh and Thirty-eighth Congresses to expunge from the statute book the whole series of measures designed to strengthen and perpetuate slavery, and to propose to the Legislatures of several States an amendment to the Constitution abolishing and for ever prohibiting it on every part of the American soil.

FINANCE, PUBLIC finance, LOANS, PUBLIC debts, DEFICIT financing, and BANKRUPTCY

The article focuses on the financial conditions of the U.S., as of August 17, 1865. The recent statement from the Treasury put at rest, quite suddenly, the widespread predictions of embarrassment, which followed the closing up of the last 7.30 per cent loan. It was said that the borrowing power of the Secretary was at an end until the meeting of Congress; that his wants through the ensuing four months would be great; and that nothing short of "forced loans" or discreditable postponements, would save the Treasury from bankruptcy. The public debt was represented as having grown so rapidly since the termination of hostilities that the Secretary dare not make his statement to the country.

BANKRUPTCY, LAW, REVOLUTIONS, WORKING class, EMPLOYERS, EMPLOYEES, and AFRICAN Americans

The U.S. Congress cannot stop the action of the laws of political justice and political economy, though it may disturb their normal workings and so hinder the blessings they were ordained to secure from flowing to the returning rebels. The root of every human polity is the laboring class, from which it derives its nourishment and its strength; and its true prosperity and power are in just proportion to the moral and physical well being of that class. The revolution has completely changed the former relations of laborers and employers in all the rebel country. The essential element of the old state of things in the South, swept away by the storm of war, was the purchasable quality of the Negro.

UNITED States politics & government, CENTRAL-local government relations, FEDERAL government, EXECUTIVE power, CIVIL rights, and CONSTITUTIONAL law

The article discusses issues related to the U.S. government. It is universally expected that the present Congress will virtually settle both the time and the terms on which the States lately in rebellion may fully resume their dissevered relations with the national government. Their claim to participate as co-equal partners in that government having been totally forfeited by their own act of war, their re-admission to their old rights and privileges must depend upon such conditions as the government itself shall impose. These conditions have not been and cannot be determined by the executive branch of the government alone.

UNITED States politics & government, CONSTITUTIONAL amendments, LEGISLATION, LEGISLATIVE bills, SLAVERY, CONFERENCES & conventions, and LEGISLATIVE bodies

The article discusses issues related to the U.S. government. Never since legislation was, did a legislative body come together under such a weight of responsibility, and charged with duties of such far-reaching and long-enduring issues, as the Congress, which assembled at Washington. It is more than a legislative body. From the necessity of the case, it largely partakes of the nature of a constituent body. The Thirty-eighth Congress made itself immortal by the passage of the Constitutional Amendment abolishing and prohibiting slavery. The Thirty-ninth has much more arduous task of organizing the victory of the nation over its rebels into institutions assuring for ever the safety and happiness of all the inhabitants of that region, and the prosperity, honor, and glory of the whole Union.

INTERNATIONAL relations, UNITED States politics & government, CONSTITUTIONAL amendments, PROHIBITION of alcohol, LEGISLATION, SLAVERY, and BUSINESS

The article focuses on political conditions of the U.S. and around the world, as of December 14, 1865. Mississippi wants to accept one-half the Constitutional Amendment and reject the other; that is, she is quite willing that the Constitution shall prohibit slavery, provided Congress shall not have power to enforce the prohibition "by appropriate legislation." It is said that the Grand Duke of Baden is deranged. The Spanish Government continues its attention to the subject of the slave trade, while the journals discuss the question of abolishing slavery in the colonies.

FINANCE, BROKERS' loans, BANKERS, and STOCKS (Finance)

This article reports on several developments related to finance in the United States. Money is abundant at the financial centers, the rates being 6 to 7 per cent for call loans. Mercantile paper is not easy of sale. Bankers and financial men are generally unwilling to let their money pass out of their control until the Congress of the United States has determined the policy of Government. In another development, four railway dividends were announced last week. The annual report of the New York Central Railroad has been published .The report has discouraged many holders of the stock.

ASSASSINATION of Abraham Lincoln, 1865, PRESIDENTS of the United States, EXECUTIVE power, and PRINCIPLE (Philosophy)

The article reports on the assassination of the U.S. president Abraham Lincoln, which constitutionally led Andrew Johnson to succeed as the U.S. president. It states the executive power Johnson enjoys is not by design but by accident. It states Johnson belongs to the class of men, who act from moods, and not by principles.

INTERNATIONAL relations, PETITIONS, SUFFRAGE, WOMEN, LEGISLATIVE amendments, COMMISSIONERS, and FISHES

The article focuses on political and social issues of the world. A petition from the women of the U.S. to the U.S. Congress, asking for an amendment to the Constitution, "prohibiting the several States from disfranchising any of their citizens on the ground of sex," is in circulation. The social emancipation of women must precede their political emancipation. As long as they are socially dependent, as at present, on men and do not generally desire or seek independence, the assertion of their political rights will be difficult or impossible. The Massachusetts Fish Commissioners, after careful enquiry, reported that by means of fish ways, to aid their ascent of the Merrimac and Connecticut, the salmon and shad that used those rivers might be enticed back again.

POLITICAL autonomy and REVOLUTIONS

The article discusses the attitude of the U.S. Congress and its executive related to restoration of self-government to Savannah, Georgia. In 1864, the captain of the great march made over the city of Savannah and in effect, the Confederacy, as a Christmas gift to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Twelve month later the new President relinquishes the military control of the territory thus acquired and restores self-government, with compliments of the season, to States which were then in un-subdued rebellion. The U.S. Congress, finally, has declared that States which the President thinks capable of resuming their individual vitality and functions have as yet no claim to be represented in the national legislature. In this diversity of opinion the Executive has clearly the advantage and his recent action has altered materially the problem before Congress.

RAILROADS, ROADS, JURISDICTION, TAXATION, CONSTITUTIONS, SPEECHES, addresses, etc., and PRESIDENTS of the United States

The article focuses on railroads, which are national highways and hence should be under the jurisdiction of national authority. The President of the U.S. said in a speech that the U.S. Constitution confers the right to regulate commerce among the several States. It is of the first necessity for the maintenance of the Union that commerce should be free and unobstructed. Therefore it is best that while the country is still young and the tendency to dangerous monopolies still feeble, to use the power of the U.S. Congress to prevent any selfish impediment to the free circulation of men and merchandise. The principle thus announced is applied by the President to taxes imposed by a State on the transit of men and merchandise within its limits, or to the denial of a choice of route.

MINES & mineral resources, TAXATION, MINERAL industries, and LEGISLATIVE bills

This article focuses on the importance of mineral resources and discusses issues related to its taxation, in the United States. The great development which has taken place in the mining industry of the United States and the great influence which it is likely to exert on the currency of the United States and world, will make it a very prominent topic of discussion for some years to come. Its importance has been already recognized by the U.S. Congress in the introduction of a bill for the establishment of a much-needed Mining Bureau, and by several of U.S. principal colleges in the establishment of schools of mines, in which engineers can be trained in sufficient numbers to meet the probable wants of the great mining regions, without resorting to the European schools.

SCIENCE, PUBLIC lands, AGRICULTURE, CARBONIC acid, and INDUSTRIAL arts

The article presents information related to the field of science. The grant of public lands made by the U.S. Congress to the several states for the purpose of promoting instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts, is beginning to bear fruit in the establishment of agricultural colleges and schools. A cheap mode of preparing carbonic acid is of importance, because of the many useful applications now made of this gas. A manufacturer of soda-water at Paris, M. Orouf, has recently perfected a method of preparing carbonic acid, which seems very simple and economical, and at the same time presents points of scientific interest.

UNITED States economy, STOCKS (Finance), GOLD, COMMERCIAL products, and SECURITIES

The article presents information related to financial conditions in the U.S. The feature of the week has been a heavy decline in gold, stocks, and produce. For many months, foreign merchandise has been, with few exceptions, bought and sold for gold, so that it has not felt the effect of the tumble in the gold room, indeed, in the coffee and sugar markets a somewhat improved enquiry is noted. No specific cause has been assigned for the sudden fall in gold. The increased demand abroad for securities, the prospect of conservative legislation in Congress, the failure of some speculators for the rise, and the abandonment of the game, in despair, by others, each of these causes had its influence in producing the result.

AFRICAN Americans and SUFFRAGE

The article presents information on the political developments in the U.S. and other parts of the world. U.S. Congress to the surprise of most people, has admitted the Afro-American to vote in the District of Columbia and without any qualification. One wish, it had insisted, when doing away with the color qualification, upon every man's knowing how to read before exercising the franchise. Great cordiality seems to exist between the Emperor of Austria Francis Joseph and the Hungarians. Francis Joseph has received deputations from the Diet at his Imperial residence of Buda.

SUFFRAGE, ELECTIONS, POLITICAL participation, and POLITICAL parties

The article presents information on the vote of the U.S. House of Representatives on suffrage in the District of Columbia. Whatever may be thought of the process by which it was carried, or of the propriety of refusing to impose an educational test in the very place in which of all others it is perhaps most needed-was an unmistakable indication of the resolute temper of Congress and is a signal rebuke to those adroit manufacturers of opinion, those pseudo exponents of popular sentiment, who, whether from party prejudice, hardness of heart, or honest conviction, have always been tacitly, as they are now actively, zealous to leave the work of the Republic half done. From those who avow such principles the cause of justice has little to fear.

UNITED States history -- 1865-1921, UNITED States economy, INTEREST rates, MERCHANTS, GOLD, and INTERNATIONAL trade

This article presents information on the economic conditions of the U.S. Gold has not varied much during the week. Most of the leading operators are bears, but the prevailing uncertainty with regard to the financial measure before the U.S. Congress and the advance of the rate of interest on the other side have checked the decline. A leading authority figures a balance of $40,000,000 in gold due Great Britain by the United States on the interchange of produce and merchandise during the year 1865, and argues that the merchants of this country must be indebted to the merchants of England in some such sum. American credit is beginning to be understood in Europe, and the natural consequence is that money is flowing to the point where it is worth most. It is argued in some quarters that the advance of the rate of interest must tell on. the price of cotton.

LEGISLATIVE bills, ECONOMIC policy, BONDS (Finance), INTEREST rates, PUBLIC debts, and SECURITIES

The Committee of Ways and Means reported, on the 1st inst., a bill substantially the same as that which is known as the Morrill bill, empowering the Secretary of the Treasury to sell at any price, for any kind of money or securities, any quantity of the U.S. bonds, bearing any rate of interest not over 6 per cent, and running for any number of years not over forty; authorizing him further to sell such bonds either at home or abroad, but limiting the interest payable on foreign bonds to 5 per cent, and requiring him to withdraw and destroy all Treasury notes or money received in payment of such bonds, so that no increase in the public debt can by any possibility be effected. The newspapers are full of rumors touching the probable action of Congress upon the bill.

REVENUE, EXECUTIVE advisory bodies, MUNICIPAL services, CIVIL service examinations, and POLITICAL science

Want of space did not allow people, last week, to do more than allude to comments made by the Revenue Commission, in their report, on the present condition of the principal Custom house in the country that of this city and on the whole administrative system of the Government. The U.S. Congress has but to pass an act applying to all branches of the public service the rule suggested by the Revenue Commission with regard to the Custom House throwing open all places in the public service, except the highest, to everybody, male or female, above a certain age, possessed of a good character, capable of standing the test of a competitive examination both as to physical and intellectual qualifications.

BOOKS

The article presents a list of various books received by the periodical. Some of books are "Simplicity and Fascination," by Anne Beale, "A Youth's History of the Rebellion, "Mosaics of Human Life," by Elizabeth A. Thurston, "The Sahdow of Christianity or the Genesis of the Christian State," "Military Measures of the United States Congress," by Henry Wilson.

PRESIDENTS of the United States and GENERALS

Making due allowance for the motives of those whose visits to the White House are now daily chronicled for whom it may concern, it is thought that they are guilty of no little imposition on the President and the public. The absolute authority with which the President was invested could neither have been so effectively exercised nor with so little odium if he had refused to listen to the instructions, the complaints, and even the menaces from every quarter. The Congress could not for ever be taking recesses in honor of successful generals who are introduced there, and neither can the President be interrupted without a loss to the nation beside which his personal annoyance is of little account.

GOLD, GOLD markets, MONEY market, HEDGING (Finance), and SPECULATORS

The U.S. government has been a large seller of gold this week. Gold continues to be in active demand for delivery, but holders are no longer able lend their gold, as was the case last week. As usual, the downward tendency of specie brings into the market, as sellers for the fall, a large number of merchants who seek to protect their drooping merchandise by this "hedging" process. It is still pretty generally felt among speculators that if the Congress does its duty to the country, gold may sell at 125, or at least 130, by midsummer.

COMMUNICATION, REVENUE, BUSINESS, and LICENSES

The article presents information about political developments in the United States. The public will gladly sanction the action of the U.S. Congress last week in aid of the Russo-American telegraph. By it the Secretary of the Navy is required to lend one steam-vessel from the Pacific squadron to sound the opposite coasts and otherwise to assist in laying the submarine cable that is to bind hemispheres. That provision of the internal revenue act which requires licenses to be taken out for the pursuit of certain kinds of business was sought to be improved by the liquor dealers of Massachusetts to evade the liquor law of the State.

PRESIDENTS of the United States, CONFERENCES & conventions, SPEECHES, addresses, etc., ASSASSINATION, and PRESS

The article focuses on a recently delivered speech by the United States president at Washington D.C. As a piece of rhetoric it will hardly be expected that one should criticize it and what of argument there was in it had been already laid before the public in a much more forcible as well as more formal shape. That most extraordinary passage in which he reiterates against prominent members of the Congress of the United States men who, whatever their faults may be, enjoy the respect and confidence of a large portion of the community, a charge of suggesting or seeking or instigating his assassination, calls both from the press and public for something more than a brief and passing note of disapprobation.

PRACTICAL politics, PRESIDENTS of the United States, and LEGISLATIVE bills

The article focuses on a political conflict in between the U.S. Secretary of State, William Seward and U.S. President Andrew Johnson. People have heard of the Freedmen's Bureau bill before now and are tolerably familiar with all that can be said both for and against it and are hardly likely to be beguiled in one night into believing that the U.S. Congress is mostly composed of reckless fanatics bent on destroying the Union or nullifying the Constitution. The reconstruction problem has always hitherto been spoken of as one of extraordinary difficulty.

PRESIDENTS of the United States, EXECUTIVE succession, DEMOCRACY, and WAR

If a breach between U.S. President Andrew Johnson and the U.S. Congress was inevitable from the moment of the death of former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, it could not have come at a better time than the present. One must do U.S. President Andrew Johnson justice. When he came into power, it was into a power of unusual and extraordinary growth, which the people were anxious to have used to further the great ends which the prospect of returning peace seemed to bring within their grasp. The President, however, wisely remembering that the Government was a democracy, not an autocracy, refused to call into action any further than was necessary, forces with which the people, accustomed to war, had become familiar and hastened to put off the strength that chance had clothed him with.

CONSTITUTIONAL amendments, CONSTITUTIONS, RATIFICATION of constitutional amendments, and PRESIDENTIAL elections

Since the formation of the Federal Constitution there have been four distinct and successful attempts to amend it, resulting in the addition of thirteen articles to the original instrument. The first ten of these belong together and were part of a batch of twelve which passed both Houses of the First Congress, at its first session but of which the remainder failed to be ratified by a sufficient number of States. Series of ten amendments already described, like the Constitution, was nearly two years in being adopted. The twelfth amendment only six months in ratifying and for a very good reason, a Presidential election was imminent and the amendment contained instructions which were designed to apply to it.

PRESIDENTS of the United States, RADICALS, and LEGISLATIVE bills

U.S. President Andrew Johnson has blown one little blast more against the Radicals, but the Radicals maintain a masterly silence. In the meantime the Democratic journals are in agony lest by some unhappy combination of circumstances the quarrel should pass over without further consequences. The concurrent resolution asserting the power of the U.S. Congress to keep the rebel States out until it chooses to admit them by bill has been carried by a large majority. The U.S. Senate has asked the U.S. President again for copies of the orders, letters, instructions, commissions and so forth, used in reconstructing.

PRESIDENTS of the United States and LANGUAGE & languages

From the proceedings in the House the U.S. Congress has become fully aware that U.S. President Andew Johnson is a very "ugly customer." The late U.S. President Abraham Lincoln's almost unparalleled gentleness and self restraint and the success with which U.S. President Andrew Johnson managed for a while to imitate him, got several members both of the house and the U.S. Senate into habits of carelessness about their language. Johnson should be taken as he is and the best should be made of what he is. His outbreak against the radical readers was vulgar, indecent and alarming; but he cannot solely be blamed for it.

REVOLUTIONS, PUNISHMENT, PERSONS, and DISCUSSION

The actual question now before the U.S. Congress and the country is whether the government of the eleven States lately in rebellion is to be given to the enemies of the nation or to her friends. If there is no man desirous of keeping the eleven States out of the U.S. Congress for the sake of keeping them out; if there is no thought of punishment at the bottom of any of the propositions presented to the U.S. Congress in regard to the rebel States, it is certainly important that no advantage should be given those who will endeavor to assume the contrary in the discussion of these propositions before the people.

ARMIES, ABILITY, LEGISLATION, and MORALE

The proceedings of the U.S. Congress will be searched in vain for any practical project of officering the regular army with men of ability. There is much talk everywhere about the size of the future military establishment, a matter which the necessities the times will regulate more decisively than any legislative acts. But on the far more important point of elevating the morale of the national troops and strengthening the national power by providing efficient officers, it would seem as if all the lessons of the war had been wasted.

ELECTIONS, PERSONS, TRUST, and REPUBLICS

No longer do the people trust unpledged electors to choose the fittest citizens of the republic to occupy the White House and preside over the U.S. Senate. They are also not content to ballot vaguely for the best interests of the State rather than for the success of favorite leaders, committed to well-known measures and policies. They dislike to incur the constant risk of a divided administration and of electors who should disappoint their expectations. Nevertheless the old way had advantages which cannot be depreciated and in theory it must be allowed to have been the more perfect and rational of the two.

AMERICAN business enterprises, BUSINESSMEN, and PRESIDENTS of the United States

This article presents information on the developments in the U.S. Congress and its effects on the business community during the year 1866. An effort is being made in some quarters to diffuse the impression that the mercantile world is interested in a peculiar degree in having Congress give way to the U.S. President, Andrew Johnson in order that, the political future being settled, business men may make their calculations with a fair certainty of being able to carry them out. There is no doubt that it is most important for the sake of our national as well as other interests that there should be speedily a settlement of some kind; but that the adoption of the President's policy "pure and simple" by Congress would he the best settlement, or would be any settlement at all, is by no means certain.

UNITED States politics & government, CRISES, RECONSTRUCTION (U.S. history, 1865-1877), SOUTHERN United States history, 1865-1877, and UNITED States history

The article focuses on the reluctance of the U.S. Congress to admit representatives of the Southern states of the U.S. The people are ready to keep the South out until it complies with certain conditions, but they want to know what these conditions are. They are ready to see that the South does not share in the work of government until it has given signs of repentance and reform, but they want to have these signs fixed and described. Congress has agrees upon none. The Reconstruction Committee has produced several valuable measures, each of them meeting some great want of the crisis, but not forming part of any well-defined plan, and not based on any well-defined principle, and nobody is willing to have the reconstruction process consist of a parcel of patches of various hues and textures.

EXECUTIVE power, PRESIDENTS, UNITED States history, POLITICAL autonomy, FEDERAL government, and CONSTITUTIONAL law

The article focuses on the controversy between U.S. President Andrew Johnson and Congress. The issues now in dispute and which must be determined before any others, are two-one a question of power and the other a question of discretion. The President has assumed that the disorganized condition of the South demanded the interposition of the Federal government and justified the latter in imposing the terms upon which local self-government might be resumed. For the ordinary restrictions of the constitution do not extend to the war power, the President can reconstruct civil government in a state at all.

CIVIL rights, LEGISLATIVE bills, and CONSTITUTIONAL law

The objections of U.S. President Andrew Johnson to the bill recently passed by the U.S. Congress to secure the civil rights of the American people are entitled to consideration on account of his office. There are three provisions of the bill which, Johnson thinks, violate the Constitution. First, the abrogation of State laws discriminating between the civil rights of persons differing in color. Second, the provision for the punishment of persons violating the first section of the bill itself. Third, the new jurisdiction conferred upon the Federal courts. The U.S. Congress has interpreted the Constitutional Amendment abolishing slavery as authorizing the enactment of laws to prevent the continuance of unequal State laws, which were notoriously incidents of the slaveholding system.

EXECUTIVE-legislative relations, EXECUTIVE power, and SEPARATION of powers

A great many people seem to have totally forgotten the precise nature of U.S. President Andrew Johnson's relations to the U.S. Congress and the country. And it is because they have forgotten it that the present conflict between the legislature and the Executive possesses much political importance. American political machine received a severe jolt on the day when former U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was allowed to exercise the very highest power of government, the power of suspending the habeas corpus. The Congress ought not to have lost a moment after its meeting in asserting its sole exclusive authority to meddle for any purpose whatever with the safeguards placed by the common law and the Constitution round individual liberty.

CIVIL rights, LEGISLATIVE bills, AFRICAN Americans, and INTERNATIONAL relations

This article highlights some political and social issues in the U.S. and around the world. The civil rights bill is passed in the U.S. Senate, which ensures all rights to Afro-Americans. The Connecticut election had-probably much to do with strengthening Congress on the civil rights, bill. But the majority was miserably small. Austria and Prussia, Germany remain, as the foreign journals say, in a state of extreme "tension." The street-cleaning contractors complain of being harassed and annoyed by the Board of Health; but as the result of this irritation seems to have been that they carted from tile city forty thousand more loads of dirt than. were ever before removed in the month of March, it is hoped that the Board will continue to remind them of their engagement.

EXECUTIVE power, LEGISLATIVE bodies, LIBERTY, and PRACTICAL politics

The present U.S. Congress has encountered obstacles of an extremely unusual nature. It has been compelled to bear the heavy burden of an Executive nominally in sympathy with it but actually opposed to all its wishes. It has not been at liberty to act upon its own sense of justice or its belief as to the will of the people, but has been constantly hampered by the fear of a veto. It has sought to bring forward first projected upon which the dominant party were supposed to be unanimous, and to test the President's views upon the mildest measures. It has received such rebuffs as prove that it would have been hopeless to attempt to reconcile the views of the President with those of Congress upon the broad question of reconstruction.

LIBERTY, SUFFRAGE, POLITICAL rights, AFRICAN Americans, and EMPLOYERS

It is observed that some earnest and sincere friends of liberty are troubled with apprehensions concerning the restoration of the rebellious States, even upon the basis of universal suffrage. They anticipate an effort, in such case, for the control of colored voters by their employers, and fear that the poverty and the landless condition of the African Americans, together with their general ignorance, will make them tools in the hands of unscrupulous men, and that a Southern delegation in Congress, elected by universal suffrage, may not differ materially from that which has been chosen by the select constituencies.

INTERROGATORIES, UNITED States economy, ECONOMIC history, and DISEASES

The article presents a report of the examination of a distinguished Southern general before the United States President Andrew John and some members of Congress, at the White House. It had not, for obvious reasons, as yet found its way into print. It has been furnished for the journal by a gentleman in whom it has the utmost confidence but whose name cannot be revealed. The testimony presented was made on the condition of the South. Notes were made on the prevalence of diseases and the economic condition of the people.

DEFENSE (Civil procedure), ALCOHOL drinking, LEGISLATION, and SWEARING (Profanity)

The scene in the U.S. Senate between Messers McDougall and Conness, in which the former defended himself against the charge of habitual drunkenness, and therefore of constant unfitness for legislative duties, by relating an anecdote in which profanity and obseenity were combined in about equal proportions, was almost as discreditable, to the rest of the body as to the two actors in it. It is not greatly to be wondered that there should be States inside the vast area of the Union which send men to U.S. Congress who care very little for parliamentary proprieties.

SUFFRAGE, POWER (Social sciences), FEDERAL government, UNITED States legislators, and AUTHORITY

The article focuses on the power of U.S. Congress to enforce suffrage. U.S. President Andrew Johnson was urged, a little less than a year ago, to rebuild government at the South on the basis of equal suffrage, he declared himself unable to see how it could be constitutionally done. It has been generally conceded that the Federal Government has no power to interfere in New York or Connecticut with the right of suffrage. U.S. Senators has cited good authority in favor of the power of Congress to regulate the right of suffrage for its own members in all the States. But this is too broad a doctrine for general acceptance without clearer evidence than has yet been produced.

FINANCE, MONEY, LEGISLATIVE bills, and BONDS (Finance)

The article presents information related to finance in the U.S. Money continues to rule at 5 per cent. on call. First-class paper is current at 6 to 7. The decision of the Secretary of the Treasury to receive no more money on call will have the effect of further glutting the market, and very low rates of interest must be expected until general business becomes much more active than it is or until the Secretary undertakes to fund the interest-bearing legal tender. A bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress authorizing a consolidated loan of the United States, in thirty-year 5 per cent bonds, not to be negotiated under par.

CONFERENCES & conventions, NOMINATIONS for office, ELECTIONS, and INTERNATIONAL relations

The article focuses on Abraham Lincoln's successor. It is said that Lincoln had committed himself to a particular scheme of reconstruction, that the people had endorsed that scheme by re-electing him. Even the convention which nominated him by acclamation was opposed to some important features of his policy, and adopted resolutions which were designed to modify his course. The same men who voted to re-elect him voted also to re-elect members of Congress who had differed widely from sonic of his views.

ASSASSINATION, POLITICAL rights, AFRICAN Americans, and LEGISLATIVE bills

The article gives information about various socio-political issues related to different parts of the world. The U.S. Senate has passed the joint resolution congratulating the Emperor of Russia on his escape from assassination. The Anti-Slavery Society has made its yearly announcement of principles and opinions. The resolutions declare that every political right of a citizen should be guaranteed to the Afro-American. The bill to encourage telegraphic communication between the U.S. and the Bahamas, Cuba and other West India Islands, has received the signature of U.S. President.

UNITED States legislators, PARLIAMENTARY practice, STATESMEN, and LEGISLATIVE bodies

There was an ancient custom in New England, introduced from England or Scotland, of devoting a portion of the schoolboy's Saturdays to committing and repeating the "Shorter Cathevchism." Growing out of this custom, no doubt, the lower House of the U.S. Congress is in the habit of devoting its Saturdays to a similar performance. It is not exactly catcechetical, though to some extent a rehearsal of obscure doctrines, badly committed to memory. A citizen of this republic, sojourning at Washington D.C., saunters up the avenue on a Saturday.

INTERNATIONAL relations, POLITICAL doctrines, NATURAL gas, and GAS companies

This article reports on several sociopolitical issues. The U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs is said to have been discussing some recent development of the Mexican question, and come to the conclusion that the Monroe doctrine must be sustained, so far at least as can be done by a decided moral support of the Liberal cause. According to another report, the relation between the gas companies and the public continues unchanged. The former have met with no success in their experiments, but are, they pretend, willing to adopt any plan which the Board of Health may suggest, or even to offer a considerable prize to any one who will prevent the escape of noxious vapors from their works.

VULGARITY, LECTURERS, ELOQUENCE, and SPEECH

There are certain contemptuous vulgarisms not honored by a place, in any dictionary which are yet indispensable to people who habitually listen to the stump speeches of this and other countries. They are just the criticism, quite respectful enough and quite discriminative enough, to pass upon the true stump eloquence. A few days since the U.S. House was considered whether the grade of general should be revived and of course, the chief theme of speakers was the character and services of the Lieutenant General Hiram Ulysses Grant. These recollections of what so short a time since was in the hearts of all must have been fresh in all minds.

SPEECH, LEGISLATIVE bills, and PRESIDENTS of the United States

The article focuses on the speech made by U.S. Secretary of State William Henry Seward. The speech naturally divides itself into three parts, of which two may be dismissed without any extended consideration. At the close, Seward defends the President from the charge of having been unfaithful to the party which elected him and explains how he happened to send three veto messages to the U.S. Congress. It is in this part that the civil rights bill comes in for attention and here, too, people are once more told that the U.S. Congress can turn out any members who, after administration, may prove to be disloyal.

INTERNATIONAL relations, LEGISLATIVE bills, EQUALITY, BOUNTIES (Subsidies), and AFRICAN Americans

The article focuses on political and social issues of the world. It states that the latest legislation of Tennessee is in striking contrast with her legislation of only one year ago. She has just passed a law which re-enacts the civil rights bill and makes her Afro-American citizens equal before the law with the white. The article also reports that the bill for the equalization of bounties which passed the House on Friday obtained the enormous majority of 137 in a House of 141. The slow progress of debate in the U.S. Senate upon the problem of reconstruction, as presented in the report of the Joint Committee, is impatiently criticized by many.

PARDON, PRESIDENTS of the United States, SOCIAL conditions of women, and CONSTITUTIONAL amendments

This article presents information related to socio-politics. The pardoning business in Washington is likely to receive a considerable check from the determination of U.S. President Andrew Johnson to pardon nobody hereafter who does not apply in person. Hitherto pardons have been largely obtained by brokers in Washington, and from this business women were not excluded—a gratifying sign of the progress made by the sex in the assertion of its "rights." The constitutional amendment being safely through the U.S. Senate, the House is expected to consider it on Wednesday, June 13. Protracted debate is not likely to occur, since the only very material change made by the Senate consists in substituting for the third section, disfranchising rebels, a milder provision excluding a certain portion of them from office.

UNITED States politics & government, COMMITTEES, LEGISLATIVE bodies, and WAR

This article presents information related to socio-politics. The Committee of Fifteen, after six months of constant labor and anxious thought, have presented their final report to the U.S. Congress. Including, as it does, some of the ablest minds in the legislature, and having had unrivalled opportunities for obtaining information, the conclusions of the committee are entitled to the respect of those who may differ from them, and will, so far as they relate to practical measures, command the unanimous assent of all who intend faithfully to adhere to the part which carried the war to a successful close.

INTERNATIONAL relations, FENIANS, NEUTRALITY, and LAW

This article focuses on the House of Representatives which took the extraordinary step, on of referring, for consideration, to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, a proposition for the repeal of the neutrality laws, for the avowed purpose of letting the Fenians get at the Canadians and the British Empire generally. There is, of course, very little chance that the committee will report in favor of any such scheme, or that, if it did, its report would be acted upon. The Fenians have been greatly elated by what has taken place.

UNITED States politics & government, CONSTITUTIONAL amendments, ELECTIONS, and LEGISLATIVE bills

This article focuses on the political developments in the U.S. Governor of Pennsylvania, proposes to have the Legislature of his own State, and all others at the North, come together and at once ratify the constitutional amendments. As the fall elections approach, and dog-days draw nigh, there is an evident impatience growing among Congressmen to be gone. A disposition now prevails to limit the remaining legislation of the session to measures of cardinal importance, and a large number of bills which have been passed by the U.S. House or Senate will fail for want of time and patience to consider them in the other House.

INTERNATIONAL finance, INTERNATIONAL economic relations, and BANKING industry

The news from Europe, intimating that the European Congress has been abandoned, and that troops have already been set in motion for the Austrian frontier, has exercised an important influence upon the U.S. markets. A prominent London house states that American credit never before stood as high as it does at present in England. The national banks, unwarned by experience, continue to expand to the limit of their means, and cliques in merchandise and stocks find no difficulty in obtaining all the money they require to carry their property.

LEGISLATIVE bills, UNITED States education system, WAGES, and CLERKS

This article presents information on various socio-political and administrative developments in the U.S. and from around the world. One is the bill establishing a Bureau of Education which has been passed by the House in the U.S. and it may or may not pass the U.S. Senate. It is not contemplated to set up a central power which shall have any authority to supervise, or in any way interfere with, the local educational institutions of the States. It will be the business of the head of the department and his three clerks to collect statistics and disseminate information, with a view of showing and of encouraging the progress of education among the people of the U.S. Another being a report on the tariff bill which as reported by the U.S. Senate Committee exhibits pretty general tendency to lower taxes and raise salaries.

PRACTICAL politics, TARIFF, TAXATION, COMMERCIAL policy, LAW reform, CIVIL war, and UNIONISTS (United States Civil War)

This article deals with various current socio-political issues and developments across the world. It first focuses on the incompetency of the U.S. Congress for the task of dealing with great questions of finance and taxation which was clearly demonstrated during the Civil War. A commission composed of men who had made these subjects their study was accordingly very properly appointed to investigate and report upon our whole system of taxation, and suggest such changes in it as they should deem proper. As tariff is currently of the prime concern to everyone, the prepared report has been adopted as the basis of all modifications to be made in the actual system. The article further discusses a letter presented from the New York Times' correspondent which contains a somewhat dismal but instructive account of the state of mind of the Virginia Unionists.

INTERNATIONAL copyright, LITERATURE, PUBLISHING, and BOOKS

The question of international copyright seems to have fallen to the ground in the U.S. Congress, and instead of providing for the rights of foreign authors, measures are being taken to deprive them of the little revenue they now enjoy, arising from the sale of imported books, by increasing the duties on books to a useless and absurd figure. There is no excuse for the increase of duty except the rapacity of certain publishers and the ignorance of certain so-called statesmen. The revenue derived from importations of books has never been so great as when the duties were fixed at the moderate scale of eight and ten per cent.

PRACTICAL politics, MURDER, AFRICAN Americans, and LEGISLATIVE bills

This article presents information about politics. An African American accused of murder was lately taken from the hands of the sheriff in Wilkinson Co., Georgia, and his death by burning voted by a mob of three or four hundred of the citizens. The sentence was carried out after his ears had been cut off. Civil justice administered by a community of this sort is simply a disgusting farce, and one owes it to civilization to see that no human being, of whatever color or race, is left to their tender mercies. On July 14, 1866, the U.S. Senate debated without result the bill to aid in the construction of the Northern Pacific Railroad. The house passed the bill authorizing the construction of bridges over the Mississippi river.

PRACTICAL politics, POLITICAL parties, and POLITICAL participation

There is a strong impression afloat in political circles in the U.S. that there is trouble of some sort ahead during the coming year. All the readers are familiar with the threats which have been made by U.S. President Andrew Johnson's new allies, of his reorganizing the Southern members, and those who might join them, as the genuine U.S. Congress. It is a favorable circumstance that the governor of every Northern State is now a Republican, and the only governors who can possibly be displaced by Democrats within the next year are those of Connecticut, New York, and Pennsylvania. The bulk of the Northern States, therefore, as far as their executive authorities are concerned, will certainly co-operate with the Congress.

CIVIL war, ELECTIONS, LEGISLATIVE bodies, LEGISLATION, and RESISTANCE to government

The article focuses on various developments around the world during 1866. First article focuses on the restoration of Tennessee. Amendment. There are 84 seats in the lower branch of the State Legislature; 56 of these should be full, or the House has not its legal quorum. Every effort had been made to prevent the assembling of the required number. Another article focuses on the views of Montgomery Blair on civil war. According to him if the Radicals are victorious at the next election, it will lead to the establishment of two presidents and two congresses, and warns that people are on the eve of a civil war.

ADMINISTRATIVE law, UNIVERSALISM (Theology), CONSTITUTIONAL amendments, CONSTITUTIONS, and OBLIGATIONS (Law)

The article focuses on restoration of Tennessee. The terms of restoration are not as perfect as people hoped they might be, but such terms having been offered, it would not be honorable to refuse admittance to any State which has complied with them in good faith. That restoration has been, in effect, offered to any State which would ratify the recent constitutional amendment, is a fact that cannot be doubted. The report of the committee, the votes of Congress on incidental questions, the speeches of members, the universal understanding of the people, all combine to hold the Government to this obligation.

LAW, POLITICIANS, INCOME, and LEGISLATIVE bills

The article focuses on a letter to U.S. President Andrew Johnson by James Harvey. The President's opponents are compared to the Duke of Alva and the inquisition, the African Americans receives the regular hack politician's sneer. As a result of this letter the U.S. Congress was edified by seeing the abuse of itself and its opinions from Harvey. The Congress, in stopping Harvey's salary by bill, they inflict a heavy fine on an absent man for an offence unknown to the law, and which will, in America, never be known to the law.

UNITED States politics & government, 1865-1869, DEBATE, JUDGMENT (Psychology), POLITICAL campaigns, and POLITICAL rights

The article presents incidents related to the U.S. politics. The Thirty-ninth Congress of the United States has just closed its first session, having submitted its policy to the country, after long consideration and debate. By its fruits it will be judged and the judgment to be passed upon it is the main question at issue in the approaching political campaign. So far as the non-political rights of the colored people are concerned, U.S. Congress has displayed a delay in forming a reconstruction policy. Another event refers to the incident of reducing power of Confederates in the United States.

CONFERENCES & conventions and PRESIDENTS of the United States

According to U.S. President Andrew Johnson's doctrine of the status of the States lately in rebellion, they occupy towards him precisely the same relation as Massachusetts or New York. The only important difference between their political condition and that of these States lies in the fact that, while Massachusetts and New York are represented in Congress, they are not; but their right to be so represented is perfect. The question of the legality or illegality of conventions and of all other public assemblies is a question for the courts and not for the President to decide.

WAR, AGRICULTURAL colleges, and UNIVERSITIES & colleges

The theories which almost every German had formed at the beginning of the late war in Europe have been dissipated by the astounding events which have succeeded. The Southern Germans were firm in the conviction that a single battle would destroy the Prussian army, and establish the superiority of Austria in the field. In other news, four years ago the U.S. Congress made provisions for the establishment in each State of an institution to be called an agricultural college, though the purpose in view was of a far larger scope than this term would indicate, and really contemplated an educational experiment of a very grand character.

PRESIDENTS of the United States, CONFERENCES & conventions, NEWSPAPERS, and ECCLESIASTICAL office

The article gives information about various socio-political issues related to various parts of the world. U.S. President Andrew Johnson's reply to the address of the Pennsylvania Convention was in great part a repetition of statements of his opinions and feelings with which the public is already familiar. But he went further than he has yet gone in denunciation of the U.S. Congress, using one phrase which has a somewhat ominous sound. A religious newspaper of this city argues that Christian men and Christian ministers are morally accountable for their choice of a summer resort.

INTERNATIONAL relations and RELIGIOUS gatherings

The article focuses on the political and social conditions around the world. U.S. clergyman and lecturer Henry Ward Beecher has received a grave and well-written remonstrance from his congregation upon his political course, and has replied in a long letter. Beecher's letter, however, in conceding U.S. President Andrew Johnson's "obstinacy," "fierceness," his disposition to "mistake the intensity of his convictions for strength of evidence," and in stigmatizing his share in the New Orleans affair as "shocking," really gives up most of the ground in the dispute between the President and Congress.

UNITED States politics & government, MASSACRES, PRESIDENTS of the United States, and ELECTIONS

This article presents information on various political developments in the U.S. The report of the military board ordered to enquire into the New Orleans massacre was brought to light yesterday morning by the newspaper "Tribune," after it had lain for some days at least in U.S. President Andrew Johnson's hands. It was a massacre deliberately planned and executed by a police recruited from the dregs of the worst populace in the civilized world, and officered by blackguards and bullies, many of them former holders of commissions in the Confederate army. The killing was done with a coolness and deliberation which have never in the U.S. history had a parallel. President Johnson has made only two speeches within the week, and there was not much that calls for comment in either. The first showed that the New York "Herald" had exclusive information when it informed that Johnson had succumbed to the U.S. Congress upon hearing of the Maine election, for he told the committee of the Cleveland Convention that the character and genius of the nation should not be subverted, and that with the help of the convention and the men it represented, he should pursue still his past course in the effort to save the Government.

PRACTICAL politics, POLITICIANS, POLITICAL parties, and CIRCUIT courts

This article reports on several sociopolitical events. In Pennsylvania eighteen Union Congressmen are certainly elected, and only six Democrats, and of the latter one must prepare to defend his right to a seat before a committee, for his opponent alleges gross frauds. According to another report it is impossible, it appears, to try the politician Jefferson Davis in October, at which time his case was to have come up, for an act of Congress appoints certain days in May and November for holding the U.S. Circuit Court for Virginia, and it is the Chief-Justice and not any inferior judge who must order special terms.

PRACTICAL politics, PRESIDENTS of the United States, ELECTIONS, and POLITICAL planning

This article discusses several sociopolitical issues. Some very excellent men, and some who are not very excellent, are talking very loudly of impeaching U.S. President as soon as U.S. Congress meets. If people are not greatly mistaken, General Benjamin Franklin Butler has taken the matter up as a labor of love, and will go into Congress, if he is elected, as people have no doubt he will be-charged with the special duty of getting up the articles and pushing forward the proceeding. In another issue, night of the October 9 closed upon one of the most excited and desperate political struggles ever witnessed in this country. Four great States on that day decided the fate of the whole nation, while thirty-two other States awaited the decision in anxious suspense.

UNIVERSITIES & colleges, CHARTERS, and SCHOOL sites

The act of the U.S. Congress giving "public lands to the several States and Territories which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the mechanic arts," was passed on July 2, 1862, more than four years ago. The charter required that $75,000 should be raised, by subscription or otherwise, for the erection of buildings. Thereupon, the trustees caused it to be made known that bids would be received from the towns of the commonwealth for the location of the college. Five towns bid for the privilege; the town of Amherst in Massachusetts, which offered $50,000 towards the required $75,000, won, and the college was duly located there by the purchase of more than $00 acres of land.

WEIGHTS & measures, EDUCATION, PUBLIC schools, LITERATURE, and BOOKS

This article focuses on the book "The Metric System." This timely compilation is calculated for threefold service, as a record of the acts of the U.S. Congress legalizing the use of the French system of weight and measures, as a history of the system itself, and as a text-book for schools and hand-book for the people. The public schools are likely to receive this innovation last but the masters of private schools, if they wish to second the wise provision of the U.S. Congress, have only to resolve to do so, and, as far as their pupils are concerned, it will be done.

INTERNATIONAL relations, POLITICIANS, VOTING, and POLITICAL parties

This article focuses on various political issues around the world. In discussing two weeks ago, the probable result of the adoption of the amendment by the Southern States, whatever the feeling of individual members of the U.S. Congress or of the more radical members of the Republican party out of doors might be, the expectations of the country, and the general understanding of the matter by the south, were such that it would be found impossible in practice to deny admission to loyal members from states which had formally complied with the requirements of the U.S. Congress. When the acrimonious malcontent," politician Montgomery Blair came back from increasing the Republican majorities in Maine, he made a violent speech, which was very calmly listened to, in Faneuil Hall.

UNITED States politics & government, UNITED States legislators, DIGNITY, and RECONSTRUCTION (U.S. history, 1865-1877)

The article presents information related to the United States politics and government. Supported by an overwhelming majority of the people, and for the most part re-elected to their seats, the majority of the Thirty-ninth Congress have returned to Washington under circumstances not unlike those under which the Long Parliament came together in 1640, and with a spirit very similar. Now that the Senate of the United States has come together, it can do no better thing, than to take up the case of one of the senators from Tennessee, for such action as shall befit the dignity of the Senate and of the law of the land.

UNITED States politics & government, LEGISLATIVE bills, and AFRICAN Americans

This article presents information related to socio-politics. The U.S. is beginning to enquire somewhat anxiously what Congress is going to do to put an end to the existing state of doubt and uncertainty. But beyond the North Carolina bill nothing has been done which looks like, or foreshadows, a plan to be carried out should the amendment fail of adoption. The emphatic refusal of the U.S. House to annex an educational test to the bill conferring the franchise on the Negroes in the District of Columbia naturally lessens the satisfaction with which all lovers of and believers in equal rights have witnessed its passage; but it is nevertheless the first step in a great reform.