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MULTINATIONAL states, SOCIALISM, MINORITIES, ETHNIC groups, NATIONAL characteristics, and CHINA

This article provides a normative analysis of the rationale behind the creation of the Chinese unitary multinational state. Far from being irrelevant in the face of the well-known aversion of scientific socialism for normative thinking, such analysis illuminates the Chinese Communist Party's long-standing commitment to the unitary multinational state as the best response to the national question. It shows that the Party's leadership, in a conscious effort to adapt Stalin's theory of nationality to Chinese revolutionary praxis, substantially revised the standard conception of national self-determination. Relying on its own materialist logic, it made participation in the struggle against alienation the normative basis to justify granting ethnic minorities special rights of regional autonomy under a common state. The creation of the Chinese unitary multinational state appears in this light as a normatively coherent attempt to guarantee that all ethnic groups that contributed to national liberation benefit equally from their imprescriptible right to collective self-determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, SOLIDARITY, CHINESE investments, CHINA -- Politics & government, CHINA, SOUTH America -- Foreign relations, and UNITED States -- Foreign economic relations

China's engagement with global capitalism is driven by the emergence of a statist and private transnational capitalist class. Nevertheless, aspects of China's foreign policy from the Maoist period still echo today. Consequently, elements of third world solidarity and opposition to Western domination continue to exist as China's past is redefined to further its transnational strategies in Latin America and the US. The main Chinese investments in South America have been in energy and infrastructure among the left lead countries of the Pink Tide. In the US, Chinese capital has grown despite heated political rhetoric. This paper will examine how economic ties in South and North America reflect past and present conditions, and if China has initiated a non-Western globalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, MODERNITY, CHINA, HUNGARY -- Social conditions, and MAGYAR (Hungary)

This paper reconstructs the ways in which the Hungarian People's Army Performing Arts Ensemble arranged its repertoire to perform socialist Hungary in the autumn of 1956, during the Ensemble's tour in the People's Republic of China. The paper performs a close reading of a single archival document, the program of the Ensemble's début performance before non-European socialist audiences that took place in Shenyang on September 21, 1956. The repertoire featured a simple chronological, quasi-historical overview of musical and dance traditions from Hungary. It offered a vague, highly stylized set of references to Hungary's military traditions. It attempted to realize the triple formula of a new, 'modern, Magyar, European,' art form, and foregrounded a plebian ('peasant-') progressive-patriotic theme with hints of ethnic nationalism. The program provided the absolute minimum of the standard Stalinist fare, resolutely avoided any reference to the USSR or Russia, and, most fascinating, closed with a self-ironical dance piece featuring a powerful allegorical story of socialism with a 'Hungarian face,' something that represented a resolute break with the Stalinist aesthetic canon and reinforced the group's political commitment to a socialism that is 'modern, Magyar and European.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, WORLD War II, MARXIST philosophy, COMMUNISM, POLITICAL doctrines, and CHINA

This is an address to the Second World Cultural Forum held in Beijing on October 16, 2017, in which the author explained various elements that make up the foundation of the cultural theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics. These include the basic tenets of Marxism in relation to culture, the rich components of traditional Chinese culture and the outstanding achievements of Western cultural development. The specific reasons why we should build upon these traditions in developing the cultural theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics are elaborated, and concrete methods to achieve this goal are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, TROTSKYISM, STALINISM, MAOISM, CHINA, and CHINESE history

Of the various strands of radical socialism in modern China, Trotskyism is notable for the long-term dedication of its adherents, its ideological rigor, and its critique of orthodox Communism (Stalinism-Maoism), as well as for its fissiparous nature. In Prophets Unarmed , Gregor Benton has assembled a vast array of memoirs, contemporary letters and other documents, and secondary sources that tell the story of Chinese Trotskyism from its beginnings in the 1920s clear through the end of the century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HUMAN sexuality, SOCIALISM, POLITICAL systems, SOCIOCULTURAL factors, SEX research, and CHINA

This article examines the changing contours of Chinese sexuality studies by locating recent research in historical context. Our aim is to use the literature we review to construct a picture of the sexual landscape in China and the sociocultural and political conditions that have shaped it, enabling readers unfamiliar with China to understand its sexual culture and practices. In particular, we focus on the consequences of recent changes under the Xi regime for individuals’ sexual lives and for research into sexuality. While discussing the social and political regulation of sexuality, we also attend to the emergence of new forms of gendered and sexual subjectivity in postsocialist China. We argue throughout that sexuality in China is interwoven with the political system in a variety of ways, in particular through the tension between neoliberal and authoritarian styles of governance. We explore normative and dissident sexualities as well as forms of sexual conduct that are officially “deviant” but nonetheless tolerated or even tacitly enabled by the party-state. In particular, we highlight the dilemmas and contradictions faced by China’s citizens as they negotiate their sexual lives under “socialism with Chinese characteristics.” [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ECONOMIC development, SOCIALISM, INTERNATIONAL economic relations, COMMERCIAL policy, and DIPLOMACY

The article focuses on some of the challenges faced by China's new era of socialism which include how to cope with the Thucydides Trap, Kindleberger Trap, and the Cold War Trap. The enormous common interests and similar responsibility China and India in enhancing global governance is mentioned. It adds that the the innovation of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics has showed in new historic opportunities for the China-India friendly cooperative relation expansion.

RURAL population, SOCIALISM, CULTURE, EVERYDAY life, and MANNERS & customs

From the mid-twentieth century, the evolving tension between modernity and tradition has become a troublesome issue for the newly-established independent nation-states in Asia. With the ethnographic methodology of field study, this article retraces the drama practice in 1960s’ rural China and tries to reveal the practical formation and specifically, the operative mechanism with which the socialist new culture remolds and summons the subjectivity of People. In such practical process, the subjectivity of People is a key concept of socialist values and a leading principle of people’s everyday life in rural China, which contributes to the formation of a “new tradition” in practice. The “new tradition” has a profound influence on the pathway of the Chinese socialist development, and may also provide necessary reference to other Asian states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, HISTORY, GEOPOLITICS, COLD War, 1945-1991, CHINA, CHINA -- Politics & government -- 1945-1949, and CHINA -- Politics & government -- 1949-

This article explores the building of urban socialism in the port city of Dalian from 1945 through the mid-1950s. Hailed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1949 as “New China’s model metropolis,” this former Japanese colonial city was occupied by the Soviet military until 1950. Postwar geopolitics situated Dalian and its residents at the forefront of implementing Soviet-inspired reforms that led to an image of Dalian not only as a vanguard city of the People’s Republic, but one intimately connected with the larger socialist world. The article argues that Dalian’s postwar geopolitical position as a Sino-Soviet space led to a cross-pollination of attitudes, actions, and policies that differed from much of the urban scene throughout the People’s Republic of China. It sheds new light on how the complex decolonization process of the early Cold War brought a Chinese city more closely into the Second World. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, PATRIOTISM, POLITICAL science education, EFFECTIVE teaching, and COLLEGE students

In recent years, along with the gradual spreading of the core values of Chinese socialism, the "Patriotism-centered national spirit", "Spirits of the times centering on reform and innovation", "Socialist outlook on honor and disgrace (eight honors and eight shames)" and some other core socialist values have already been embedded into the ideological and political education in Chinese colleges and universities. As a result, college students have largely improved their understanding over ideologies and politics, thinking quality, morals and attitudes, together with the rising of the teaching quality of ideological and political education in colleges. Based on a regression analysis model, the paper tried to explore the exact path through which the core socialist values affect the college ideological and political education. It's discovered that all of the four essential components of the core socialist values have immediate and positive influence over student thoughts. Among them, the "Socialist outlook on honor and disgrace", "Patriotism-centered national spirit" and "Spirits of the times centering on reform and innovation" have stronger influence, while the "Guiding ideology of Marxism" and the "Common Ideal of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics" are less influential to students. In addition, the improvement of student understanding over ideological and political thinking will directly improve the teaching quality of the ideological and political education in colleges and universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, RULE of law, FUZZY sets, CIVILIZATION -- Chinese influences, and MATHEMATICAL models of decision making

It is a complex system, which has extensive content, to build socialistic political civilization. Socialistic political civilization includes lots of aspects, such as political consciousness civilization, political system civilization, political behavior civilization and civilization of the rule of law. Comrade Jian Zemin points out, the rule of law belongs to the category of political construction; it is one of the content of political civilization. During the new historical era of building the well-to-do society in an all-round way, to strengthen the rule of law and to build the socialist country running by law is not only the important content and symbol of socialistic political civilization, but also the necessary insurance and way to build it. In this paper, we study on the multiple attribute decision making problems to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information. Then, we have developed the triangular fuzzy Hamacher correlated geometric (TFHCG) operator. We have exploited the TFHCG operator to multiple attribute decision making to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information. In the end, an example to evaluate the efficiency of socialism with Chinese characteristics by the rule of law with triangular fuzzy information has been proposed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, HISTORY, ECONOMIC policy, GREAT powers (International relations), CHINA, TIANANMEN Square Massacre, China, 1989, and CHINA -- Foreign relations -- 1976-

When external eyes turned to China 30 years ago (if they did at all), the focus was still on the extent to which it might be breaking away from its socialist economic past. And though we did not know it at the time, intra-elite debates over how far (and to where) reforms should go would eventually play some part in shaping what happened in Tiananmen Square in 1989; events that would place China on the verge of international isolation. This paper traces the evolution from isolation to a position where some in China now think it is now second only to the USA in the ranking of world powers. It will focus on how scholarship on China in the journal has changed over the years, but also on some of the constants and recurring questions and issues that have inspired research over the years. In addition, notwithstanding a very real and very large shift in China's global power capabilities, it will suggest that asking if China matters, or more correctly, how China matters in different issue areas, remains a very useful intellectual exercise today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM, CIVIL society, CHINA, and CHINA -- Politics & government

This article analyzes the Chinese Communist Party’s “Core Socialist Values” (shèhuì zhŭyì héxīn jiàzhíguān) to show how each of these twelve values is defined, both independently and in relation to others. Using a Gramscian analytical approach, the article examines how a Chinese “integral state” is being prepared to ensure that consensus to the state’s proscribed values is not undermined by competing discourses. Consideration is given to how civil society becomes the ground for building consensus, reinforced by coercive strategies emanating from the Chinese state. In conclusion, the paper argues that the Core Socialist Values campaign represents a shift in focus under the current Xi Jinping Administration to emphasize the superstructure over the economic base, with the objective of creating citizens of and for the People’s Republic of China. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

MIGRANT labor, SOCIALISM, CAPITALISM, LOSERS, CORPORATE capitalism, and CHINA

This article examines the emergence since 2011 of the ‘Diaosi’ (loser) identity among second-generation migrant workers in China. This subjective identification of a new social category with little hope can be contrasted with the hopeful policy constructions of a strong China eager to promote the civilizing ‘suzhi’ (population quality) of its population nationally and internationally. Yet, as this article shows, in four steps, these phenomena are intertwined. First, it locates the emergence of this ‘Diaosi’ subject in the global and national dialectics of hope in China since the global financial crisis. Second, drawing on neo-Foucauldian and neo-Gramscian scholarship, Diaosi marginality is related to the interactions among global capitalist production, the socialist market economy, continuous state domination via a household registration system (hukou), and the civilising discourse of ‘suzhi’. Third, it shows how the Diaosi embody their multiplex loser identity and marginality affectively and expressively in their everyday demeanour. Fourth, it examines recent efforts by state/corporate capital and the party-state to re-make and re-hegemonize Diaosi life in the name of consumption, civility, and social stability. The article ends with some neo-Gramscian remarks on the complexities and contradictory consciousness of marginal social categories, such as the Diaosi, and their openness to passive revolution and (re-) hegemonization. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

SOCIALISM, HISTORY, XENOPHOBIA, HUMANISM -- History, INDIVIDUALISM, COSMOPOLITANISM, CHINESE history, 1949-1976, and CHINA

This essay examines the circulation and consumption of foreign literature in socialist China, showing that even during the most xenophobic times of High Maoism, Chinese readers had access to foreign literature through a variety of channels. An unstated though widely shared commitment to the intrinsic value of foreign culture, I argue, reveals deeply ingrained cosmopolitan practices that belie a nationalistic surface rhetoric. To trace the interest in and commitment to foreign literature, this article inspects three distinct yet overlapping modes of literary circulation: the private sphere, the restricted public sphere of internal publications, and the open public sphere. Access to foreign literature was limited, but the flow of transnational culture never stopped, as editors and readers alike perpetuated an intellectual framework that was grounded in the valorization of transnational culture and that predated the People's Republic's founding in 1949. These findings call for a reevaluation of Chinese socialist cultural consumption and production from a transnational perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOCIALISM and POLITICIANS

The article focuses on the socialist developmental model designed by Chinese President Xi Jinping for promoting development in China. It mentions that despite toying with the idea of promoting his protégé Chen Min'er to the Politburo Standing Committee and raising the prospect that Chen may be his successor, Xi preferred to eliminate speculation on succession. It also mentions that political leaders like Wang Yang and Han Zheng are expected to get promoted to inner sanctum of power.

SOCIALISM, CHINESE folklore, CHINA, and CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1969

An introduction is presented in which the edsitor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including inaugural of the journal "Geyao zhoukan," politicized disciplinary orientation in socialist China, and disciplinary communication between international folklore and Chinese scholars.

SOCIALISM, HISTORY, INDUSTRIALIZATION, COLLECTIVE memory, HISTORIOGRAPHY, and CULTURAL Revolution, China, 1966-1969

By comparing different historical narratives of the Third Front Construction that was built as a home-front defensive industrial base against the threat of war from both the Soviet Union and the United States in the 1960s, this paper aims to explore a particular aspect of China's socialist history in a relational manner that contrasts but also connects past and present, archives and subjectivity, top-down and bottom-up perspectives. It is part of a larger effort to understand the complexity of China's socialist history and its relation to the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]