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Souza INO, Roychaudhuri R, de Belleroche J, and Mothet JP
Trends in molecular medicine [Trends Mol Med] 2023 Dec; Vol. 29 (12), pp. 1014-1028. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 26.
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Humans, Critical Pathways, Central Nervous System metabolism, Brain metabolism, Amino Acids metabolism, and Alzheimer Disease metabolism
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Free d-amino acids (d-AAs) are emerging as a novel and important class of signaling molecules in many organs, including the brain and endocrine systems. There has been considerable progress in our understanding of the fundamental roles of these atypical messengers, with increasingly recognized implications in a wide range of neuropathologies, including schizophrenia (SCZ), epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), substance abuse, and chronic pain, among others. Research has enabled the discovery that d-serine, d-aspartate and more recently d-cysteine are essential for the healthy development and function of the central nervous system (CNS). We discuss recent progress that has profoundly transformed our vision of numerous physiological processes but has also shown how d-AAs are now offering therapeutic promise in clinical settings for several human diseases.
Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The authors declare no competing interests.
(Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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Daix, Thomas, Mathonnet, Armelle, Brakenridge, Scott, Dequin, Pierre-François, Mira, Jean-Paul, Berbille, Frederique, Morre, Michel, Jeannet, Robin, Blood, Teresa, Unsinger, Jacqueline, Blood, Jane, Walton, Andrew, Moldawer, Lyle L., Hotchkiss, Richard, and Francois, Bruno
- Annals of Intensive Care. December, 2023, Vol. 13 Issue 1
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Orihuela, Benazir, Dallo, Irina, Clinton, John, Strauch, Wilfried, Protti, Marino, Yani, Robin, Marroquín, Griselda, Sanchez, Jacqueline, Vega, Floribeth, Marti, Michèle, Massin, Frédérick, Böse, Maren, and Wiemer, Stefan
- International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction; Oct2023, Vol. 97, pN.PAG-N.PAG, 1p
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Central America has an elevated seismic risk, resulting from the vulnerability of the building stock and steady population growth. Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) aims to provide warning in advance of imminent shaking, allowing recipients to take action and reduce casualties during damaging motions. The Swiss Seismological Service (SED) has been collaborating with local seismic agencies to develop national EEW systems across Central America, which can potentially benefit nearly 47 million inhabitants. We conducted a public survey to comprehend the desire for EEW, the preferences for EEW attributes, and the current behaviour of people during earthquakes and the driving factors behind it. We recruited participants from Nicaragua (N = 513), Costa Rica (N = 1350), Guatemala (N = 559), and El Salvador (N = 491). In all four countries, participants consider it necessary to have an EEW system, are tolerant of false alerts, and are likely to react promptly to alerts. The desirable alert threshold is for low felt intensities, ranging between MMI III to IV. We found that a significant number of respondents already take protective action when earthquakes strike, and appropriate reactions are expected to increase when EEW is available. Our survey is unique in providing insights into the social dimension of EEW systems in low-income regions with high earthquake risk and where no operational EEW system yet exists. • A public survey conducted in Central America reveals strong enthusiasm for Earthquake Early Warning (EEW). The findings indicate that the public is tolerant to false alerts and is likely to react promptly to alerts. • The public reports experiencing significant and damaging shaking, consistent with strong events occurring in living memory. The survey shows the elevated seismic hazard and seismic vulnerability in Central America. • Recommended protective actions are already being practised across Central America and can be expected to increase when EEW becomes available. • Participants exhibit general awareness of the threat posed by earthquakes, for example through previous experience of damaging shaking, participations in preparedness planning and being aware of living in vulnerable housing. These examples influence whether people take protective actions and their opinion of EEW, including its perceived benefit, acceptable warning times, and tolerance for false, late and missed alerts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Sidik NP, Stanley B, Sykes R, Morrow AJ, Bradley CP, McDermott M, Ford TJ, Roditi G, Hargreaves A, Stobo D, Adams J, Byrne J, Mahrous A, Young R, Carrick D, McGeoch R, Corcoran D, Lang NN, Heggie R, Wu O, McEntegart MB, McConnachie A, and Berry C
Circulation [Circulation] 2023 Oct 05. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Oct 05.
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Background: We investigated the usefulness of invasive coronary function testing to diagnose the cause of angina in patients with no obstructive coronary arteries.
Methods: Outpatients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography in 3 hospitals in the United Kingdom were prospectively screened. After coronary computed tomography angiography, patients with unobstructed coronary arteries, and who consented, underwent invasive endotyping. The diagnostic assessments included coronary angiography, fractional flow reserve (patient excluded if ≤0.80), and, for those without obstructive coronary artery disease, coronary flow reserve (abnormal <2.0), index of microvascular resistance (abnormal ≥25), and intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine (0.182, 1.82, and 18.2 μg/mL; 2 mL/min for 2 minutes) to assess for microvascular and coronary spasm. Participants were randomly assigned to disclosure of the results of the coronary function tests to the invasive cardiologist (intervention group) or nondisclosure (control group, blinded). In the control group, a diagnosis of vasomotor angina was based on medical history, noninvasive tests, and coronary angiography. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the reclassification rate of the initial diagnosis on the basis of coronary computed tomography angiography versus the final diagnosis after invasive endotyping. The Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score and Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication were secondary outcomes.
Results: Of 322 eligible patients, 250 (77.6%) underwent invasive endotyping; 19 (7.6%) had obstructive coronary disease, 127 (55.0%) had microvascular angina, 27 (11.7%) had vasospastic angina, 17 (7.4%) had both, and 60 (26.0%) had no abnormality. A total of 231 patients (mean age, 55.7 years; 64.5% women) were randomly assigned and followed up (median duration, 19.9 [12.6-26.9] months). The clinician diagnosed vasomotor angina in 51 (44.3%) patients in the intervention group and in 55 (47.4%) patients in the control group. After randomization, patients in the intervention group were 4-fold (odds ratio, 4.05 [95% CI, 2.32-7.24]; P <0.001) more likely to be diagnosed with a coronary vasomotor disorder; the frequency of this diagnosis increased to 76.5%. The frequency of normal coronary function (ie, no vasomotor disorder) was not different between the groups before randomization (51.3% versus 50.9%) but was reduced in the intervention group after randomization (23.5% versus 50.9%, P <0.001). At 6 and 12 months, the Seattle Angina Questionnaire summary score in the intervention versus control groups was 59.2±24.2 (2.3±16.2 change from baseline) versus 60.4±23.9 (4.6±16.4 change) and 63.7±23.5 (4.7±14.7 change) versus 66.0±19.3 (7.9±17.1 change), respectively, and not different between groups (global P =0.36). Compared with the control group, global treatment satisfaction was higher in the intervention group at 12 months (69.9±22.8 versus 61.7±26.9, P =0.013).
Conclusions: For patients with angina and no obstructive coronary arteries, a diagnosis informed by invasive functional assessment had no effect on long-term angina burden, whereas treatment satisfaction improved.
Registration: URL: https://www.
Clinicaltrials: gov; Unique identifier: NCT03477890.
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Beck, Robin M. D., Louys, Julien, Nguyen, Jacqueline M. T., Travouillon, Kenny J., and Wilson, Laura A. B.
- Alcheringa; October 2023, Vol. 47 Issue: 4 p367-369, 3p
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Robin M. D. Beck [r.m.d.beck@salford.ac.uk], School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester M5 4WT, UK. Julien Louys [j.louys@griffith.edu.au], Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. Jacqueline M. T. Nguyen [jacqueline.nguyen@flinders.edu.au], Australian Museum Research Institute, 1 William Street, Sydney NSW 2010 Australia; College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide SA 5001 Australia; and South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide SA 5000 Australia. Kenny J. Travouillon [Kenny.Travouillon@museum.wa.gov.au], Collections and Research, Western Australian Museum, Welshpool, Western Australia 6106, Australia. Laura A. B. Wilson [laura.wilson@anu.edu.au], School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Masheb RM, Vernarelli JA, Snow JL, Marsh AG, Ciszewski S, Dudley B, White CA, Purcell SA, and Lutes L
Clinical nutrition ESPEN [Clin Nutr ESPEN] 2023 Oct; Vol. 57, pp. 735-738. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Aug 24.
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United States, Female, Humans, Adolescent, Young Adult, Adult, Male, Databases, Factual, Diet, and Food
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Background & Aims: Brief screening questionnaires can identify 'at risk' behaviors in clinical settings. However, there is currently no screener for dietary intake specifically developed using foods associated with body weight change and increased risk for multiple chronic conditions and diseases.
Methods: We developed a novel brief dietary screener, the 24-Hour Food Frequency Assessment Screening Tool Questionnaire (FAST24), to identify intake of foods associated with weight change. University students completed the FAST24 and the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour Dietary Assessment Tool (ASA24) at two time points to assess acceptability and determine preliminary criterion validity against food categories from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Patterns Equivalents Database (FPED).
Results: 202 individuals (age 20.4 ± 3.6 years; 65.7% females) completed the FAST24 in an average time of 2 min compared to 24 min for the ASA24. Over half of the food items from the FAST24 were matched to, and correlated with, standard USDA food pattern components (r's ranging from .15 to .58, p's < .05). Food items from the dietary data from the FAST24 were also highly correlated with the more intensive ASA24 application (r's ranging from .23 to .82, p's < .01), and were less time-consuming and burdensome to complete (p's < .0001).
Conclusions: Findings support the continued refinement of the FAST24 as a rapid, valid primary care assessment tool for measuring USDA dietary intake patterns. Use of a short, simple screener such as the FAST24 has the potential for integration into large healthcare delivery settings to help establish a baseline for promoting relative behavior changes critical for long-term health and well-being.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
(Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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van der Kruk S, Harrison NJ, Bartram A, Newton S, Miller C, Room R, Olver I, and Bowden J
Health promotion international [Health Promot Int] 2023 Oct 01; Vol. 38 (5).
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Parental supply of alcohol to minors (i.e. those under the legal drinking age) is often perceived by parents as protective against harms from drinking, despite evidence linking it with adverse alcohol-related outcomes. This systematic review describes the prevalence of parental supply of alcohol, as reported in the international literature. The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020218754). We searched seven online databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science and Public Health Database) and grey literature from January 2011 to December 2022 and assessed the risk of bias with the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Among 58 articles included in narrative synthesis from 29 unique datasets, there was substantial variation in the definition and measurement of parental supply of alcohol. Overall prevalence rates ranged from 7.0 to 60.0% for minor-report samples, and from 24.0 to 8.0% for parent-report samples. Data indicate that parental supply prevalence is generally proportionately higher for older minors or later-stage students, for girls, and has increased over time among minors who report drinking. Literature on the prevalence of parental supply of alcohol is robust in quantity but inconsistent in quality and reported prevalence. Greater consistency in defining and measuring parental supply is needed to better inform health promotion initiatives aimed at increasing parents' awareness.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press.)
8. Book Reviews [2023]
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Ezung, Elilo, Parry, Robin, Whiscombe, Nell, Heath, Jane, Rathbone, Richard, Bradley, Ian, Pedersen, Else Marie Wiberg, Taylor, Kevin, Methuen, Charlotte, Doll, Peter, Nichols, Bridget, Newport, Kenneth, Thompson, David, Cunliffe, Christopher, Doll, Peter, Louth, Andrew, Chapman, Mark, Boughton, Gillian, deVries, Jacqueline, Doll, Peter, Dorsett, Mark, Chandler, Andrew, Brierley, Michael, Chapman, Mark, Byrne, Georgina, Chandler, Andrew, Dorsett, Mark, Chapman, Mark, Helmer, Christine, Gorringe, Tim, Norris, Kristopher, Muers, Rachel, Miles, Rebekah, Grumett, David, Coates, Ruth, Knight, Frances, Chandler, Andrew, Boughton, Gillian, Rzepa, Joanna, Loades, Ann, Kolpinskaya, Ekaterina, Harries, Richard, and Ritchie, Angus
- Modern Believing; October 2023, Vol. 64 Issue: 4 p419-505, 87p
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Martinez, Rebecca, Wiggins, Heather, Webb, Jacqueline, Claudson, Robin, and Barfield, Patricia
- Teaching & Learning in Nursing; Oct2023, Vol. 18 Issue 4, pe259-e263, 5p
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• Simulation is an effective strategy to teach intraprofessional collaboration among undergraduate and graduate nursing students. • Students demonstrated a better understanding in nursing roles and team work following the simulated encounter. • The use of simulation in graduate and undergraduate nursing education can promote intraprofessional collaboration in practice. Nurse educators must be equipped to instruct nursing students on intraprofessional practice within primary care. A simulated primary care visit was piloted with graduate and undergraduate nursing students using telehealth technology and standardized patients. Students completed the Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Scale (ICCAS) , which revealed improvement in student perceived ability to communicate, collaborate, and understand the nursing roles and responsibilities. Simulating intraprofessional practice is a novel strategy to educate nurses for the primary care setting [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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Turkova, Anna, White, Ellen, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, Mumbiro, Vivian, Kaudha, Elizabeth, Liberty, Afaaf, Ahimbisibwe, Grace Miriam, Moloantoa, Tumelo, Srirompotong, Ussanee, Mosia, Nozibusiso Rejoice, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Kobbe, Robin, Fortuny, Clàudia, Kataike, Hajira, Bbuye, Dickson, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Coelho, Alexandra, Lugemwa, Abbas, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa F, Klein, Nigel, Mujuru, Hilda A, Kityo, Cissy, Cotton, Mark F, Ferrand, Rashida A, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rojo, Pablo, Violari, Avy, Gibb, Diana M, Ford, Deborah, Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, Abraham, Pattamukkil, Abrams, Elaine, Acero, Judith, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, Ainebyoona, Barbara, Akobye, Winnie, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, Akoojee, Nazim, Ali, Shabinah S., Amuge, Pauline, Andrea, Catherine, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, Ankunda, Rogers, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Apollo, Tsitsi, Archary, Moherndran, Arendze, Ronelle, Ategeka, Juliet, Atim, Eunice, Atwine, Lorna, Babiker, Abdel, Babirye, Sarah, Babu, Enock, Bagirigomwa, Edward, Baita, Angella, Balamusani, David, Baliram, Patsy, Baliruno, David, Ball, Colin, Balwa, Henry, Bamford, Alasdair, Bandi, Srini, Barker, Dominique, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, Bbuye, Dickson, Begum, Shazia, Behuhuma, Osee, Bernays, Sarah, Besigye, Rogers, Bester, Maria, Bhiri, Joyline, Bilardi, Davide, Bird, Kristien, Bollen, Pauline, Borg, Chiara, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, Brown, Jackie, Bruno, Elena, Bunupuradah, Torsak, Burger, David, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Byaruhanga, Africanus, Calvert, Joanna, Casey, Petronelle, Cassim, Haseena, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, Chailert, Sanuphong, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, Chamjamrat, Wanna, Chan, Man, Chandiwana, Precious, Chankun, Thannapat, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, Chanto, Nuttawut, Chidziva, Ennie, Chikowore, Minenhle, Chimanzi, Joy, Chinwong, Dujrudee, Chitongo, Stuart, Chitsamatanga, Moses, Choga, Joshua, Chutima, Duangrat, Clayden, Polly, Coelho, Alexandra, Colbers, Angela, Compagnucci, Alexandra, Constança Mendes, Ana, Conway, Magda, Cotton, Mark F, Crawley, Jane, Cressey, Tim R, Crisp, Jacky, Matos, Ana Cristina, Dadan, Sumaya, Daglish, Jacqui, Danaviah, Siva, Daniel, Tseleng, De Rossi, Anita, Denjanta, Sukanda, Dobbels, Els, Dowie, Maria, Dube, Prosper, Dube, Benedictor, Dudakia, Nimisha, Elwana, Alice, Epalza, Cristina, Eram, David, Erasmus, Juan, Erim, Peter, Escosa Garcia, Luis, Essack, Zaakirah, Estepa, Carolina, Etima, Monica, Fernandes, Alexandre, Fernandez, Maite, Fitzgerald, Felicity, Flynn, Jacquie, Ford, Deborah, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, Foster, Caroline, Fourie, George, Fourie, Yolandie, Foxall, Sophie, Frank, Derusha, Gandhi, Kate, Garcia, India, Gartner, Kathleen, Gasa, Joshua, Gasa, Gugu, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibb, Diana M, Gomez Rico, Coral, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, Gondo, Secrecy, Goodman, Anna, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, Gozhora, Winnie, Greetanukroh, Pisut, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, Grossele, Tiziana, Gwande, Shamiso, Gwaze, Tapiwa, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, Hakim, James, Hakiza, Emmanuel, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, Harley, Ashley, Isaacs, Mornay, Isabirye, Richard, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, Jacobs, Tom, Jafta, Lungile, Jamil, Nasir, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, Jeaven, Vinesh, Mellado Peña, Maria José, Jourdain, Gonzague, Juliet, Katabalwa, Jumpimai, Thidarat, Junkaew, Raungwit, Jupimai, Thidarat, Kaahwa, Winfred, Kabasonga, Mildred, Kaboggoza, Olivia, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, Kaewbundit, Ampika, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, Kafufu, Bosco, Kakayi, Brenda, Kamboua, Phakamas, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kasangaki, Gladys, Kasipong, Naruporn, Kasozi, Miriam, Kataike, Hajira, Katemba, Chrispus, Kaudha, Elizabeth, Kekane, Nkata, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, Keminyeto, Edridah, Khamduang, Woottichai, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, Khamkon, Jiraporn, Khannak, Sasipass, Khatngam, Orapin, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, Khumalo, Busi, Khunene, Mirriam, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kibalama, Phionah, Kibenge, Robinah, Kirabira, Anthony, Kityo, Cissy M, Kiyimba, Lameck, Klein, Nigel, Klinprung, Soraya, Kobbe, Robin, Kobusingye, Olivia, Kobusungye, Josephine, Kongponoi, Areerat, Königs, Christoph, Koole, Olivier, Kouakam, Christelle, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, Kruenual, Namthip, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, Kyambadde, Raymonds, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, Kyomukama, Erinah, Lakha, Reshma, Langa, Cleopatra, Laomanit, Laddawan, Lebotsa, Emily, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, Lekku, Lawrence, Lensen, Sarah, Leroy, Valériane, Li, Jin, Liberty, Afaaf, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, Little, Emma, Lugemwa, Abbas, Lutalo, Ezra, Jimenez, Jose Luis, Lyall, Hermione, MacDonald, Candice, Machache, Gladness, Madlala, Penelope, Madonsela, Tryphina, Maduna, Nomfundo, Maena, Joel, Mahanontharit, Apicha, Makanga, Collin, Makola, Candice, Makumbi, Shafic, Malgraaf, Lucille, Mamiane, Angelous, Mantkowski, Felicia, Mapfumo, Wendy, Marques, Laura, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, Maseko, Lindiwe, Masienyane, Tshepiso, Mathiba, Ruth, Matimba, Farai, Mawlana, Sajeeda, Mayanja, Emmanuel, Mayat, Fatima, Mbabazi, Ritah, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, Mbasani, Faith, McClaughlin, Kathleen, McIlleron, Helen, Meethaisong, Watchara, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, Miwanda, Annet, Miranda, Carlota, Mkhize, Siphiwe, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, Mngqibisa, Rosie, Mohamed, Fatima, Moloantoa, Tumelo, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, Montero, Samuel, Moore, Cecilia L, Mosia, Rejoice, Moyo, Columbus, Mthethwa, Mumsy, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, Mudzviti, Tawona, Mujuru, Hilda, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, Mukanganiki, Trust, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, Mulder, Mark, Mulima, Disan, Mulindwa, Alice, Mumbiro, Vivian, Mupambireyi, Zivai, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, Murungi, Herbert, Murungu, Dorothy, Musarurwa, Sandra, Musiime, Victor, Musiime, Alex V, Musisi, Maria, Musoke, Philippa, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, Musoro, Godfrey, Musumba, Sharif, Mustafa, Sobia, Mutsai, Shirley, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, Naabalamba, Mariam, Nagawa, Immaculate, Naidoo, Allemah, Nakabuye, Shamim, Nakabuye, Sarah, Nakalanzi, Sarah, Nalubwama, Justine, Nalugo, Annet, Nalusiba, Stella, Namajja, Clementine, Namanda, Sylvia, Namayanja, Paula, Nambi, Esther, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, Namukwaya, Stella, Namuli, Florence, Namusanje, Josephine, Namwanje, Rosemary, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, Nanduudu, Annet, Nankunda, Charity, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, Nannungi, Maria, Nansamba, Winnie, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, Nanyonjo, Juliet, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Nasaazi, Claire, Nascimento, Helena, Nastouli, Eleni, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, Nathoo, Kusum, Natuhurira, Ian, Nazzinda, Rashidah, Ncgaba, Thabisa, Ndigendawani, Milly, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, Nentsa, Georgina, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, Ngwaru, Pia, Nhema, Ruth, Ninsiima, Emily, Ninsiima, Gloria, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, Noguera Julian, Antoni, Nolan, Monica, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, Nsirim, Eniola, Nundlal, Rashina, Nunes, Rosita, Nyantsa, Lungile, Nyati, Mandisa, O'Riordan, Sean, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, Odoch, Denis, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Ojok, Martin, Onen, Geoffrey, Orange, Wilma, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Ouma, Benson, Padrao, Andreia, Pako, Deborah, Parker, Anna, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, Patel, Reena, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, Petpranee, Turian, Phillips, Tasmin, Philps, Jackie, Picault, Laura, Pieterse, Sonja, Pinheiro, Helena, Pongprapass, Supawadee, Pozniak, Anton, Prendergast, Andrew, Prieto Tato, Luis, Puangmalai, Patcharee, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Rakgokong, Modiehi, Ramos, Helena, Ramsagar, Nastassja, Rau, Cornelius, Riault, Yoann, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, Rubanga, Eddie, Rubinga, Baker, Ruklao, Chutima, Runarassamee, Pattira, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, Saenjum, Chalermpong, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, Saidi, Yacine, Sainz Costa, Talia, Saisaengjan, Chutima, Sakwa, Rebecca, Sarfati, Tatiana, Sbisi, Noshalaza, Scheppers, Dihedile, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, Scott, Karen, Seeley, Janet, Serunjogi, Robert, Sewnarain, Leora, Shakeshaft, Clare, Sidhoo, Subashinie, Shibemba, Mercy, Shingadia, Delane, Singh, Sheleika, Sirirungsi, Wasna, Sithebe, Sibongile, Smit, Theresa, Smith, Kurt, Smuts, Marlize, Spyer, Moira, Sripaoraya, Worathip, Srirompotong, Ussanee, Srisuk, Warunee, Ssenyonga, Mark, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, Tearsansern, Pathanee, Teixeira, Carla, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Thapwai, Thitiwat, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Thomason, Margaret, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Thungkham, Khanungnit, Tikabibamu, Judith, Tinago, Gloria, Trairat, Ketmookda, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Tukamushaba, Mercy, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, Tumusiime, Julius, Tuna, Joana, Turkova, Anna, Turner, Rebecca, Udomvised, Arttasid, Vadee, Aasia, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, Van Looy, Nadine, Variava, Ebrahim, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, Vecchia, Giulio, Violari, Avy, Vowden, Richard, Waalewijn, Hylke, Wampamba, Rebecca, Welch, Steve, Weller, Ian, Weza, Sibusisiwe, White, Ellen, White, Ian, Widuch, Kaja, Wilkes, Helen, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, Wynne, Ben, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, and Zuidewind, Peter
- The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health; October 2023, Vol. 7 Issue: 10 p718-727, 10p
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Cohort studies in adults with HIV showed that dolutegravir was associated with neuropsychiatric adverse events and sleep problems, yet data are scarce in children and adolescents. We aimed to evaluate neuropsychiatric manifestations in children and adolescents treated with dolutegravir-based treatment versus alternative antiretroviral therapy.
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Scott JV, Moutchia J, McClelland RL, Al-Naamani N, Weinberg E, Palevsky HI, Minhas J, Appleby DK, Smith A, Pugliese SC, Ventetuolo CE, and Kawut SM
MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2023 Sep 30. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 30.
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Background: Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) are disorders of the pulmonary vasculature that cause right ventricular dysfunction. Systemic consequences of right ventricular dysfunction include damage to other solid organs, such as the liver. However, the profiles and consequences of hepatic injury due to PAH and CTEPH have not been well-studied.
Methods: We aimed to identify underlying patterns of liver injury in a cohort of PAH and CTEPH patients enrolled in 15 randomized clinical trials conducted between 1998 and 2012. We used unsupervised machine learning to identify liver injury clusters in 13 trials and validated the findings in two additional trials. We then determined whether these liver injury clusters were associated with clinical outcomes or treatment effect heterogeneity.
Results: Our training dataset included 4,219 patients and our validation dataset included 1,756 patients with complete liver laboratory panels (serum total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and albumin). Using k-means clustering paired with factor analysis, we identified four unique liver phenotypes (no liver injury, hepatocellular injury, cholestatic injury, and combined injury patterns). Patients in the cholestatic injury liver cluster had the shortest time to clinical worsening and highest chance of worsening World Health Organization functional class. Randomization to the experimental arm was associated with a transition to healthier liver clusters compared to randomization to the control arm. The cholestatic injury group experienced the greatest placebo-corrected treatment benefit in terms of six-minute walk distance.
Conclusions: Liver injury patterns were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with PAH and CTEPH. Randomization to active treatment of pulmonary hypertension in these clinical trials had beneficial effects on liver health compared to placebo. The independent role of liver disease (often subclinical) in determining outcomes warrants prospective studies of the clinical utility of liver phenotyping for PAH prognosis and contribution to clinical disease.
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Lutz J, Pratap A, Lenze EJ, Bestha D, Lipschitz JM, Karantzoulis S, Vaidyanathan U, Robin J, Horan W, Brannan S, Mittoux A, Davis MC, Lakhan SE, and Keefe R
Innovations in clinical neuroscience [Innov Clin Neurosci] 2023 Sep 01; Vol. 20 (7-9), pp. 40-46. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Sep 01 (Print Publication: 2023).
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Objective: Recruitment of a sufficiently large and representative patient sample and its retention during central nervous system (CNS) trials presents major challenges for study sponsors. Technological advances are reshaping clinical trial operations to meet these challenges, and the COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this development.
Method of Research: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM; www.isctm.org) Innovative Technologies for CNS Trials Working Group surveyed the state of technological innovations for improved recruitment and retention and assessed their promises and pitfalls.
Results: Online advertisement and electronic patient registries can enhance recruitment, but challenges with sample representativeness, conversion rates from eligible prescreening to enrolled patients, data privacy and security, and patient identification remain hurdles for optimal use of these technologies. Electronic medical records (EMR) mining with artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) methods is promising but awaits translation into trials. During the study treatment phase, technological innovations increasingly support participant retention, including adherence with the investigational treatment. Digital tools for adherence and retention support take many forms, including patient-centric communication channels between researchers and participants, real-time study reminders, and digital behavioral interventions to increase study compliance. However, such tools add technical complexities to trials, and their impact on the generalizability of results are largely unknown.
Conclusion: Overall, the group found a scarcity of systematic data directly assessing the impact of technological innovations on study recruitment and retention in CNS trials, even for strategies with already high adoption, such as online recruitment. Given the added complexity and costs associated with most technological innovations, such data is needed to fully harness technologies for CNS trials and drive further adoption.
Competing Interests: DISCLOSURES: Dr. Lutz may have equity interests with Click Therapeutics, Inc. Dr. Lenze has previously consulted for Merck, Prodeo, Boehringer Ingelheim, Pritikin ICR, and IngenioRx; he has previously received funding from PCORI, the COVID-19 Early Treatment Fund, Mercatus/FastGrants, and Janssen; and he has a patent pending for sigma1 receptor agonists for COVID-19 treatment. Dr. Vaidyanathan was an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim at the time of writing. Dr. Robin is an employee of Winterlight Labs, Inc. and has equity interests with Winterlight Labs, Inc. Dr. Horan was an employee of WCG VeraSci at the time of writing, and is now an employee of Karuna Therapeutics. Dr. Brannan is an employee at Karuna Therapeutics. Dr. Lakhan is employed by Click Therapeutics, Inc. and has equity interests. Dr. Keefe serves as a paid consultant to WCG, Karuna, Merck, Sunovion, Biogen, and Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the contents of this article.
(Copyright © 2023. Matrix Medical Communications. All rights reserved.)
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Vos JL, Raafs AG, Henkens MTHM, Pedrizzetti G, van Deursen CJ, Rodwell L, Heymans SRB, and Nijveldt R
European heart journal. Cardiovascular Imaging [Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging] 2023 Aug 23; Vol. 24 (9), pp. 1231-1240.
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Humans, Contrast Media, Ventricular Pressure, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine, Gadolinium, Ventricular Function, Left, Stroke Volume, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Prognosis, Predictive Value of Tests, and Cardiomyopathy, Dilated
- Abstract
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Aims: Left ventricular (LV) blood flow is determined by intraventricular pressure gradients (IVPG). Changes in blood flow initiate remodelling and precede functional decline. Novel cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) post-processing LV-IVPG analysis might provide a sensitive marker of LV function in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Therefore, the aim of our study was to evaluate LV-IVPG patterns and their prognostic value in DCM.
Methods and Results: LV-IVPGs between apex and base were measured on standard CMR cine images in DCM patients (n = 447) from the Maastricht Cardiomyopathy registry. Major adverse cardiovascular events, including heart failure hospitalisations, life-threatening arrhythmias, and sudden/cardiac death, occurred in 66 DCM patients (15%). A temporary LV-IVPG reversal during systolic-diastolic transition, leading to a prolonged transition period or slower filling, was present in 168 patients (38%). In 14%, this led to a reversal of blood flow, which predicted outcome corrected for univariable predictors [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.57, 95% confidence interval (1.01-6.51), P = 0.047]. In patients without pressure reversal (n = 279), impaired overall LV-IVPG [HR = 0.91 (0.83-0.99), P = 0.033], systolic ejection force [HR = 0.91 (0.86-0.96), P < 0.001], and E-wave decelerative force [HR = 0.83 (0.73-0.94), P = 0.003] predicted outcome, independent of known predictors (age, sex, New York Heart Association class ≥ 3, LV ejection fraction, late gadolinium enhancement, LV-longitudinal strain, left atrium (LA) volume-index, and LA-conduit strain).
Conclusion: Pressure reversal during systolic-diastolic transition was observed in one-third of DCM patients, and reversal of blood flow direction predicted worse outcome. In the absence of pressure reversal, lower systolic ejection force, E-wave decelerative force (end of passive LV filling), and overall LV-IVPG are powerful predictors of outcome, independent of clinical and imaging parameters.
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: None declared.
(© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.)
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Lee, Hyunwoo, Wiggermann, Vanessa, Rauscher, Alexander, Kames, Christian, Beg, Mirza Faisal, Popuri, Karteek, Tam, Roger, Lam, Kevin, Jacova, Claudia, Shahinfard, Elham, Sossi, Vesna, Pettersen, Jacqueline A., and Hsiung, Ging-Yuek Robin
- The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences; July 2023, Vol. 50 Issue: 4 p515-528, 14p
- Abstract
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ABSTRACT:Background:A large proportion of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients have coexisting subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD), a condition referred to as mixed dementia (MixD). Brain imaging features of MixD presumably include those of cerebrovascular disease and AD pathology, but are difficult to characterize due to their heterogeneity.Objective:To perform an exploratory analysis of conventional and non-conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities in MixD and to compare them to those observed in AD and SVaD.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional, region-of-interest-based analysis of 1) hyperintense white-matter signal abnormalities (WMSA) on T2-FLAIR and hypointense WMSA on T1-weighted MRI; 2) diffusion tensor imaging; 3) quantitative susceptibility mapping; and 4) effective transverse relaxation rate (R2*) in N = 17 participants (AD:5, SVaD:5, MixD:7). General linear model was used to explore group differences in these brain imaging measures.Results:Model findings suggested imaging characteristics specific to our MixD group, including 1) higher burden of WMSAs on T1-weighted MRI (versus both AD and SVaD); 2) frontal lobar preponderance of WMSAs on both T2-FLAIR and T1-weighted MRI; 3) higher fractional anisotropy values within normal-appear white-matter tissues (versus SVaD, but not AD); and 4) lower R2* values within the T2-FLAIR WMSA areas (versus both AD and SVaD).Conclusion:These findings suggest a preliminary picture of the location and type of brain imaging characteristics associated with MixD. Future imaging studies may employ region-specific hypotheses to distinguish MixD more rigorously from AD or SVaD.
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Raafs AG, Vos JL, Henkens MTHM, Verdonschot JAJ, Sikking M, Stroeks S, Gerretsen S, Hazebroek MR, Knackstedt C, Nijveldt R, and Heymans SRB
JACC. Cardiovascular imaging [JACC Cardiovasc Imaging] 2023 Jul; Vol. 16 (7), pp. 991-992. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Mar 08.
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Humans, Predictive Value of Tests, Heart Atria diagnostic imaging, Echocardiography, Atrial Fibrillation diagnostic imaging, Atrial Fibrillation etiology, and Cardiomyopathy, Dilated diagnostic imaging
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17. Author Correction: The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. [2023]
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Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, and Willer CJ
Nature [Nature] 2023 Jun; Vol. 618 (7965), pp. E19-E20.
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Henkens MTHM, Raafs AG, Vanloon T, Vos JL, Vandenwijngaard A, Brunner HG, Krapels IPC, Knackstedt C, Gerretsen S, Hazebroek MR, Vernooy K, Nijveldt R, Lumens J, and Verdonschot JAJ
Journal of cardiac failure [J Card Fail] 2023 May 23. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 23.
- Abstract
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Background: Truncating variants in titin (TTNtv) are the most prevalent genetic etiology of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Although TTNtv has been associated with atrial fibrillation, it remains unknown whether and how left atrial (LA) function differs between patients with DCM with and without TTNtv. We aimed to determine and compare LA function in patients with DCM with and without TTNtv and to evaluate whether and how left ventricular (LV) function affects the LA using computational modeling.
Methods and Results: Patients with DCM from the Maastricht DCM registry that underwent genetic testing and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) were included in the current study. Subsequent computational modeling (CircAdapt model) was performed to identify potential LV and LA myocardial hemodynamic substrates. In total, 377 patients with DCM (n = 42 with TTNtv, n = 335 without a genetic variant) were included (median age 55 years, interquartile range [IQR] 46-62 years, 62% men). Patients with TTNtv had a larger LA volume and decreased LA strain compared with patients without a genetic variant (LA volume index 60 mLm -2 [IQR 49-83] vs 51 mLm -2 [IQR 42-64]; LA reservoir strain 24% [IQR 10-29] vs 28% [IQR 20-34]; LA booster strain 9% [IQR 4-14] vs 14% [IQR 10-17], respectively; all P < .01). Computational modeling suggests that while the observed LV dysfunction partially explains the observed LA dysfunction in the patients with TTNtv, both intrinsic LV and LA dysfunction are present in patients with and without a TTNtv.
Conclusions: Patients with DCM with TTNtv have more severe LA dysfunction compared with patients without a genetic variant. Insights from computational modeling suggest that both intrinsic LV and LA dysfunction are present in patients with DCM with and without TTNtv.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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Thompson J, Teasdale B, van Emde Boas E, Budelmann F, Duncan S, Maguire L, and Dunbar R
Frontiers in psychology [Front Psychol] 2023 May 15; Vol. 14, pp. 1159866. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 May 15 (Print Publication: 2023).
- Abstract
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Introduction: The human capacity to engage with fictional worlds raises important psychological questions about the mechanisms that make this possible. Of particular interest is whether people respond differently to fictional stories compared to factual ones in terms of how immersed they become and how they view the characters involved and their actions. It has been suggested that fiction provides us with a 'fictive pass' that allows us to evaluate in a more balanced, detached way the morality of a character's behaviour.
Methods: We use a randomised controlled experimental design to test this.
Results and Discussion: We show that, although knowing whether a substantial film clip is fact or fiction does not affect how engaged with ('transported' by) a troubling story an observer becomes, it does grant them a 'fictive pass' to empathise with a moral transgressor. However, a fictive pass does not override the capacity to judge the causes of a character's moral transgression (at least as indexed by a causal attribution task).
Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
(Copyright © 2023 Thompson, Teasdale, van Emde Boas, Budelmann, Duncan, Maguire and Dunbar.)
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