articles+ search results

Article, Brown planthopper, QTL mapping, Resistance, MAS, Early backcross population, Horticulture, Plant Science, Genetics, Agronomy and Crop Science, biology.organism_classification, biology, Genetic analysis, Candidate gene, Quantitative trait locus, Molecular marker, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Locus (genetics), Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Population, education.field_of_study, education, and urologic and male genital diseases

Rice is the most important staple food crop, and it feeds more than half of the world population. Brown planthopper (BPH) is a major insect pest of rice that causes 20–80% yield loss through direct and indirect damage. The identification and use of BPH resistance genes can efficiently manage BPH. A molecular marker-based genetic analysis of BPH resistance was carried out using 101 BC1F5 mapping population derived from a cross between a BPH-resistant indica variety Khazar and an elite BPH-susceptible line Huang–Huan–Zhan. The genetic analysis indicated the existence of Mendelian segregation for BPH resistance. A total of 702 high-quality polymorphic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, genotypic data, and precisely estimated BPH scores were used for molecular mapping, which resulted in the identification of the BPH38(t) locus on the long arm of chromosome 1 between SNP markers 693,369 and id 10,112,165 of 496.2 kb in size with LOD of 20.53 and phenotypic variation explained of 35.91%. A total of 71 candidate genes were predicted in the detected locus. Among these candidate genes, LOC_Os01g37260 was found to belong to the FBXL class of F-box protein possessing the LRR domain, which is reported to be involved in biotic stress resistance. Furthermore, background analysis and phenotypic selection resulted in the identification of introgression lines (ILs) possessing at least 90% recurrent parent genome recovery and showing superior performance for several agro-morphological traits. The BPH resistance locus and ILs identified in the present study will be useful in marker-assisted BPH resistance breeding programs.

Brown marmorated stink bug genome, Pentatomid genomics, polyphagy, chemoreceptors, odorant binding proteins, opsins, lcsh:Biotechnology, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, lcsh:Genetics, lcsh:QH426-470, Genetics, Biotechnology, Genome, PEST analysis, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Ecology, Brown marmorated stink bug, biology.organism_classification, biology, Integrated pest management, Invasive species, Pesticide, Habitat, ddc:576.5, Research Article, cathepsins, xenobiotic detoxification, invasive species, QL, and [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics

Background Halyomorpha halys (Stål), the brown marmorated stink bug, is a highly invasive insect species due in part to its exceptionally high levels of polyphagy. This species is also a nuisance due to overwintering in human-made structures. It has caused significant agricultural losses in recent years along the Atlantic seaboard of North America and in continental Europe. Genomic resources will assist with determining the molecular basis for this species’ feeding and habitat traits, defining potential targets for pest management strategies. Results Analysis of the 1.15-Gb draft genome assembly has identified a wide variety of genetic elements underpinning the biological characteristics of this formidable pest species, encompassing the roles of sensory functions, digestion, immunity, detoxification and development, all of which likely support H. halys’ capacity for invasiveness. Many of the genes identified herein have potential for biomolecular pesticide applications. Conclusions Availability of the H. halys genome sequence will be useful for the development of environmentally friendly biomolecular pesticides to be applied in concert with more traditional, synthetic chemical-based controls.

Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Horticulture, Pentatomidae, Meliaceae, Instar, Melia azedarach, Arbol, computer.programming_language, computer, Brown marmorated stink bug, and Host (biology)

Currently, the invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is considered an agricultural and nuisance pest in Georgia. The invasive chinaberry tree, Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), commonly grows in dense thickets along roadsides, and in woodlands adjacent to agricultural crops across the southeastern USA. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the potential of M. azedarach to serve as a host plant of H. halys by examining mortality and feeding of first and second instars on M. azedarach leaves vs. carrot (i.e., a control diet), and documenting presence of H. halys on M. azedarach in woodlands at 2 locations in Georgia where this stink bug has become established. Over all sampling dates and locations, the number of H. halys in chinaberry was very low (0.1 per tree), and only 3 late instars and 1 adult were observed feeding on M. azedarach at 1 field site late in the season. Percentage feeding by second instars of H. halys was lower for individuals given M. azedarach leaves vs. those provided with carrot, most likely indicating that compounds in M. azedarach have an antifeeding effect. In fact, mortality for second instars on M. azedarach leaves was very high, and thus we conclude that M. azedarach is an unsuitable host plant for H. halys . Resumen Actualmente, se considera el chinche invasor hediondo marmorino cafe, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), como una plaga agricola y molesta en el estado de Georgia. El arbol de melio invasor, Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae), comunmente crece en matorrales densos a lo largo de los caminos y en los bosques adyacentes a cultivos agricolas en todo el sureste de los EE. UU. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el potencial de M. azedarach para servir como una planta hospedera de H. halys mediante el examen de la mortalidad y la alimentacion del primer y segundo estadios de H. halys sobre hojas de M. azedarach vs. zanahoria (una dieta de control) y documentando la presencia de H. halys sobre M. azedarach en bosques en 2 ubicaciones en Georgia donde se ha establecido este chinche hedionda. En todas las fechas y ubicaciones de muestreo, el numero de H. halys sobre melio fue muy bajo (0,1 por arbol), y solo se observaron 3 estadios tardios y 1 adulto alimentandose de M. azedarach en 1 sitio de campo al final de la temporada. El porcentaje de alimentacion en los segundos estadios de H. halys fue mas bajo para los individuos que recibieron hojas de M. azedarach en comparacion con los que recibieron zanahoria, lo que probablemente indica que los compuestos en M. azedarach tienen un efecto antiagenico. De hecho, la mortalidad por segundos estadios en hojas de M. azedarach fue muy alta, y por lo tanto concluimos que M. azedarach es una planta hospedera inadecuada para H. halys . View this article in BioOne

Insect Science, Agronomy and Crop Science, General Medicine, Environmental DNA, Brown marmorated stink bug, biology.organism_classification, biology, Integrated pest management, Pentatomidae, Ecology, Predation, Invasive species, Eptesicus fuscus, and PEST analysis

Background Early detection before establishment and identification of key predators are time-honored strategies towards effective eradication or control of invasive species. The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys, is a recent exotic pest of several important crops in North America and Europe. Resulting widespread applications of insecticides have countered years of careful integrated pest management and are leading to the resurgence of other agricultural pests. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has been used effectively to detect aquatic invasives. Results We developed a real-time PCR (qPCR) assay for BMSB in a conserved region of the ribosomal DNA interspacer 1 (ITS1). We validated this assay on worldwide populations of BMSB and tested its specificity and sensitivity against other US Pentatomidae species and on guano of big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, which we confirmed is a BMSB predator in New Jersey. We also detected BMSB DNA after rapid (and inexpensive) HotSHOT DNA extractions of soiled paper from cages briefly holding BMSB, as well as from discarded exuviae. Conclusion Given the high sensitivity of our assay to BMSB environmental DNA (eDNA) in terrestrial samples, this tool should become a cost-effective approach for using eDNA to detect terrestrial invasive species and their key predators. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cancer Research, Clinical Neurology, and Oncology

BACKGROUND Patients with glioblastoma are considered to be at high risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and major bleeding (MB), although reliable incidence estimates are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the cumulative incidence, risk factors and prognostic impact of VTE and MB in a large cohort of glioblastoma patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma between 2004–2020 from the Leiden University Medical Center and Haaglanden Medical Center were included and followed from 6 months before date of histopathological glioblastoma diagnosis up to two years after, or until an outcome of interest (VTE and MB) or death occurred. Cumulative incidences were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and cumulative incidence competing risk methods. Outcome predictors were determined with multivariable (time-dependent) Cox models. RESULTS Of the 967 included patients, 631 died, 101 were diagnosed with VTE and 130 with MB during a median follow-up of 15 months (IQR 9–22). The majority of MBs were intracranially (94%), of which half was within 4 weeks post-surgery (51%). Ambulant patients did not routinely receive pharmacological thromboprophylaxis. The adjusted 2.5-year-cumulative incidence of VTE was 12% (95%CI 10–14) and of MB 16% (95%CI 13–18). One year increase in age (HR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01–1.05), tumor resection (vs. biopsy: HR 0.56, 95%CI 0.35–0.89) and performance status (ECOG >1 vs ≤1: HR 1.8, 95%CI 1.2–2.7) were independent predictors of VTE (a biopsy rather than resection was performed in patients with the worst prognosis). MB and VTE predicted all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.7, 95%CI 1.3–2.1 and 1.3, 95%CI 0.99–1.6 respectively). CONCLUSION The incidences of VTE and MB in patients with glioblastoma are high, with both complications associated with a poor prognosis. Our observations emphasize the need for prospective studies to determine optimal thromboprophylaxis and VTE treatment strategy in these patients.

Epidemiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Virology, Computer science, Public health, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, National laboratory, Health care, business.industry, business, Empirical antibiotic therapy, Process management, Background information, Merge (version control), Antibiotic resistance, Quality management, Perspective, antimicrobial resistance, surveillance, Netherlands, ISIS-AR, SELECTIVE DECONTAMINATION, ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE, and DIGESTIVE-TRACT

An important cornerstone in the control of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a well-designed quantitative system for the surveillance of spread and temporal trends in AMR. Since 2008, the Dutch national AMR surveillance system, based on routine data from medical microbiological laboratories (MMLs), has developed into a successful tool to support the control of AMR in the Netherlands. It provides background information for policy making in public health and healthcare services, supports development of empirical antibiotic therapy guidelines and facilitates in-depth research. In addition, participation of the MMLs in the national AMR surveillance network has contributed to sharing of knowledge and quality improvement. A future improvement will be the implementation of a new semantic standard together with standardised data transfer, which will reduce errors in data handling and enable a more real-time surveillance. Furthermore, the scientific impact and the possibility of detecting outbreaks may be amplified by merging the AMR surveillance database with databases from selected pathogen-based surveillance programmes containing patient data and genotypic typing data.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Host (biology), Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Fecundity, PEST analysis, Longevity, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, Pentatomidae, Botany, Horticulture, Sativum, Heteroptera, food and beverages, embryonic structures, and fungi

The effects of pea, Pisum sativum L., and lentil, Lens culinaris Medik., development on reproduction and longevity of Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal) were evaluated in the laboratory. Stink bug reproduction and longevity were both significantly affected by the host plants’ developmental stage. The greatest number of eggs, with the highest number of viable eggs and eggs per clutch, were laid and the longest life span occurred on peas or lentils with mature pods. Insects given peas or lentils with flowers and immature pods had shorter life spans and produced significantly fewer total eggs, eggs per clutch, and viable eggs. Almostno eggs were produced by females given seedlings or only flowering host plants.

A library of water-soluble dynamic single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPN) was prepared using a controlled radical polymerisation technique followed by the introduction of functional groups, including probes at targeted positions. The combined tools of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization (ODNP) reveal that these SCPNs have structural and surface hydration properties resembling that of enzymes.

Insect Science, Ecology, and Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

The knowledge of the entomological fauna in productive systems is important for the agroecological management since beneficial insects are a key resource for pest management in horticultural systems. Scientific information on the biodiversity present in a given area is essential as well as the ecological function and/or feeding habits of the insects. In Alto Valle de Río Negro and Neuquén, horticultural production systems can be described as highly dependent on chemical inputs for pest management and fertilization. The aim of this study is to carry out an inventory of the biodiversity of some families of Hemiptera, Coleoptera (Curculionidae) and Hymenoptera present in peri-urban and rural farms located in Neuquén and Río Negro, respectively. Insects were collected through pitfall and sweeping net on tomato and pepper crops and the surrounding non-cultivated areas. Idiosystatus Berg (Auchenorrhyncha) was cited for the first time from Argentina. Species cited for the first time from Neuquén: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Acanalonia chloris (Berg), Syncharina punctatissima (Signoret), Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Exitianus obscurinervis (Stål), Agalliana ensigera Oman and Bergallia signata (Stål); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stål and Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius); Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Hypurus bertrandi (Perris), Naupactus leucoloma Boheman, Otiorhynchus rugosostriatus (Goeze) and Sitona discoideus Gyllenhal and Hymenoptera: Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) augusti Lepeletier and Pseudagapostemon (Neagapostemon) singularis Jörgensen. Species cited for the first time from Río Negro: Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Amplicephalus dubius Linnavuori, Amplicephalus marginellanus Linnavuori, Circulifer tenellus (Baker) and Xerophloea viridis (Fabricius); Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tupiocoris cucurbitaceus (Spinola), Atrachelus (Atrachelus) cinereus (Fabricius), Dichelops furcatus (Fabricius) and Harmostes (Harmostes) prolixus Stål; Coleptera: Curculionidae: Naupactus xanthographus (Germar) and Hymenoptera: Diadasia pereyrae (Holmberg) and Dialictus autranellus (Vachal)

Psychiatry and Mental health, Serotonin, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors, Prepuberty, Serotonin transporter, biology.protein, biology, Maternal deprivation, Psychology, Hippocampus, Internal medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine, Fluoxetine, medicine.drug, Endocrinology, and Article

Fluoxetine increased the activity of a key component of serotonin neurotransmission in the brains of monkeys at an age corresponding to prepuberty childhood in humans. The increase in serotonin transporter protein (SERT) was apparent 1.5 years after drug discontinuation. The behavior of the monkey was assessed and not found to change significantly. Fluoxetine's effects on SERT have not been similarly tested in humans.

Spectroscopy, Structural Biology, Mass spectrometry, Chemistry, Intermolecular force, Moiety, Hydrogen bond, Molecule, Adduct, Organic chemistry, Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, Analyte, and Photochemistry

Analyte-matrix adducts are normally absent under typical matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) conditions. Interestingly, though, in the analysis of several types of organic compounds synthesized in our laboratory, analyte-matrix adduct ion peaks were always recorded when common MALDI matrices such as 4-hydroxy-alpha-cyanocinnamic acid (CHCA) were used. These compounds are mainly those with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) or urea moiety, which are important building blocks to make new functional supramolecular materials. The possible mechanism of the adduct formation was investigated. A shared feature of the compounds studied is that they can form intermolecular hydrogen bonding with matrices like CHCA. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding will make the association between analyte ions and matrix molecules stronger. As a result, the analyte ions and matrix molecules in MALDI clusters will become more difficult to be separated from each other. Furthermore, it was found that analyte ions were mainly adducted with matrix salts, which is probably due to the much lower volatility of the salts compared with that of their corresponding matrix acids. It seems that the analyte-matrix adduct formation for our compounds are caused by the incomplete evaporation of matrix molecules from the MALDI clusters because of the combined effects of enhanced intermolecular interaction between analyte-matrix and of the low volatility of matrix salts. Based on these findings, strategies to suppress the analyte-matrix adduction are briefly discussed. In return, the positive results of using these strategies support the proposed mechanism of the analyte-matrix adduct formation.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Biology, Deltamethrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Acephate, Lycosa, biology.organism_classification, Cypermethrin, Endosulfan, Toxicology, Carbophenothion, Homoptera, and Delphacidae

Insecticides, at the N. lugens LD50 level, were applied in the Potter's spray tower and as a foliage spray to determine their selective toxicity to predators of N. lugens. These included a mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis; the ripple bug, Microvelia atrolineata; and the spider Lycosa pseudoannulata. In the Potter's spray tower test, cypermethrin and deltamethrin were highly toxic to the three predator species on contact. Deltamethrin was toxic to C. lividipennis and M. atrolineata when they fed on treated N. lugens prey. Endosulfan and ethylan were not very toxic to the three predators. When the predators were placed on sprayed plants, only deltamethrin was toxic to L. pseudoannulata and M. atrolineata , whereas all of the insecticides were toxic to C. lividipennis , with BPMC being the least and deltamethrin the most toxic. Of the commercially available insecticides, acephate, BPMC, carbophenothion, and endosulfan were the least toxic to natural enemies.

Insect Science, Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Deltamethrin, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Carbofuran, Biology, Agronomy, Southeast asia, Natural enemies, Lowland rice, Parathion methyl, Transplanting, Pest control, business.industry, and business

Resurgence of Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) after insecticide application is a common phenomenon in rice in South and Southeast Asia. Among other insecticides inducing resurgence, carbofuran, decamethrin, and methyl parathion were selected for this study. Of the various methods of carbofuran application tested, foliar sprays were most active in inducing resurgence. Extent of resurgence was highly influenced by time of insecticide application. Sprays of methyl parathion and decamethrin applied 50 and 65 days after transplanting (DT) induced resurgence in the third generation of N. lugens at ca. 90 DT, whereas earlier applications had little effect. The cause(s) for resurgence was not definitely established, but stimulation of N. lugens reproduction appeared to be of more significance than destruction of natural enemies.

Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, General Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Catalysis, Hydrogen bond, Polymer chemistry, Chemistry, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Organic chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry, Ethylene glycol, chemistry.chemical_compound, Correlation and dependence, technology, industry, and agriculture, inorganic chemicals, and lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins)

Substitution of hydrogen bond directed supramolecular assemblies with ethylene glycol chains leads to a reduction in the association constant in apolar solvents, where the reduction of the association constant is dependent on the length of the aliphatic spacer connecting the hydrogen bonds and the ethylene glycol chain.

Insect Science, Ecology, General Medicine, Hemiptera, biology.organism_classification, biology, Species richness, Herbivore, Phenology, Relative species abundance, Pentatomidae, Fabales, and Taxon

Stink bugs (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) are an increasing threat to soybean (Fabales: Fabaceae) production in the North Central Region of the United States, which accounts for 80% of the country’s total soybean production. Characterization of the stink bug community is essential for development of management programs for these pests. However, the composition of the stink bug community in the region is not well defined. This study aimed to address this gap with a 2-yr, 9-state survey. Specifically, we characterized the relative abundance, richness, and diversity of taxa in this community, and assessed phenological differences in abundance of herbivorous and predatory stink bugs. Overall, the stink bug community was dominated by Euschistus spp. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and Chinavia hilaris (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae). Euschistus variolarius (Palisot de Beauvois) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), C. hilaris and Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were more abundant in the northwestern, southeastern and eastern parts, respectively, of the North Central Region of the United States. Economically significant infestations of herbivorous species occurred in fields in southern parts of the region. Species richness differed across states, while diversity was the same across the region. Herbivorous and predatory species were more abundant during later soybean growth stages. Our results represent the first regional characterization of the stink bug community in soybean fields and will be fundamental for the development of state- and region-specific management programs for these pests in the North Central Region of the United States.

Insect Science, Attraction, Behavioral response, Chemical compound, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Toxicology, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis, Biology, Nymph, Integrated pest management, Insect, media_common.quotation_subject, media_common, and Paederus fuscipes

Plant essential oils (EOs) and a wide range of chemicals affect insect pests in many ways, such as via stimulatory, deterrent, toxic and hormonal effects. Three different compounds ((E)-β-caryophyllene (E-β-C), D-limonene (D-lime) and trans-2-dodecenol (T-2-D)) were tested against Nilaparvata lugens, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and Paederus fuscipes, and their behavioral response was assessed. The results showed that on average, more N. lugens nymphs were repelled by E-β-C and T-2-D than by D-lime. More C. lividipennis nymphs were attracted to T-2-D and D-lime than to E-β-C. However, P. fuscipes displayed no significant response to the three chemical compounds. The results also demonstrated that T-2-D has exerted significant repellency against N. lugens and a significant attraction for C. lividipennis, while E-β-C and D-lime have no significant effect on any tested insect. T-2-D was selected and tested in a greenhouse under semi-field conditions, where the observations confirmed the results of the laboratory experiments. From the results, it can be concluded that T-2-D at a concentration of 0.06 g/L is an effective synthetic volatile chemical compound and is the strongest repellent of N. lugens and the strongest attractant for C. lividipennis. This synthetic chemical compound can be used as a pest management tool in rice agroecosystems.

Agronomy and Crop Science, Indigenous, Biology, Agroforestry, Correlation and dependence, Invasive species, Pentatomidae, biology.organism_classification, Natural enemies, Ecology, Pest control, business.industry, business, Brown marmorated stink bug, Biological control, Parasitoids, Predators, and Halyomorpha halys

Since the establishment of the brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in North America and Europe, there has been a large, multi-group effort to characterize the composition and impact of the indigenous community of arthropod natural enemies attacking this invasive pest. In this review, we combine 98 indigenous natural enemy datasets spanning a variety of sampling methods, habitats, and geographic areas. To date, the vast majority of H. halys biological control research has focused on the egg stage, using sentinel egg masses to characterize indigenous parasitoid and predator communities and their contribution to H. halys egg mortality. Although egg parasitism and predation levels by indigenous natural enemies are low (typically