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A novel multi-chip module (MCM) design and manufacturing methodology which utilizes active CMOS circuits in what is normally a passive substrate realizes the `smart substrate` for use in highly testable, high reliability MCMS. The active devices are used to test the bare substrate, diagnose assembly errors or integrated circuit (IC) failures that require rework, and improve the testability of the final MCM assembly. A static random access memory (SRAM) MCM has been designed and fabricated in Sandia Microelectronics Development Laboratory in order to demonstrate the technical feasibility of this concept and to examine design and manufacturing issues which will ultimately determine the economic viability of this approach. The smart substrate memory MCM represents a first in MCM packaging. At the time the first modules were fabricated, no other company or MCM vendor had incorporated active devices in the substrate to improve manufacturability and testability, and thereby improve MCM reliability and reduce cost.

• Past Achievements
• Future Expectations
• Past Achievements
• Future Expectations
• Cell Substrates: General Overview
• Introductory Remarks
• Cell Substrates for Biologics Production: Factors Affecting Acceptability
• Quantitation in the Evaluation of Cell Substrates for Viral Vaccine Production
• Human Cells and the Finite Lifespan Theory
• Line Cell Saga
• An Argument in Favor of Production of Biologics in Cancer Cells
• Viral Vaccine Substrates
• Introductory Remarks
• Viral Vaccines Under Development: A Third Generation
• Choice of Cell Substrate for Biological Products
• Recommendations for Inactivated Human Vaccines Produced on Human Diploid Cells
• The Spector of Malignancy and Criteria for Cell Lines as Substrates for Vaccines
• Cell Substrates for Biologicals other than Vaccines
• Introductory Remarks
• Interferon as a Cell Product
• Urokinase as a Cell Product
• Production of Biologicals by Plant Cell Cultures .
• Use of Recombinant DNA Technology for the Production of Polypeptides
• Molecular Biology and Public Health
• Summary and Considerations for the Future
• Introductory Remarks
• Benefit-Risk Assessment
• Ethical Considerations in the Selection of Cells and the Use of Biologicals
• Report of Ad Hoc Committee on Karyological Controls of Human Cell Substrates.

This volume stems from a symposium sponsored by the W. Alton Jones Cell Science Center, Lake Placid New York. The Second Annual W. Alton Jones Cell Science Center Symposium: Cell Substrates and­ Their Use in the Production of Vaccines and Other Biologicals was held October 23-26, 1978. The Center is an operational unit of the Tissue Culture Association and offers, in collaboration with the Association's Education Committee, a wide range of educational and research activities. During the past 20 years there have been numerous national and international conferences on the topic of cell cultures used to produce biological products. Those largely dealt with the technology and associated issues that were current at the time of the meetings. For example, as human diploid cells were developed and proposed for use in vaccine production, a number of meetings were held to examine the pros and cons of human diploid cells. A large amount of data was provided at those conferences which formed the basis for the eventual acceptance of that cell system. Each meeting added to the general base of knowledge in the area of cell cultures and their application to the current and novel set of problems encountered. In general, the participants reaffirmed the basic premises that were formulated in the early days of polio virus vaccine production regarding the criteria for acceptability of cells when used in the manufacture of biologics intended for humans.

• Self-standing nanoarchitectures / Katarzyna Siuzdak, Łukasz Haryński, Jakub Wawrzyniak, Piotr Kupracz, Katarzyna Grochowska
• Application of self-supported materials for photo and photoelectrocatalysis / Mohd Nur Ikhmal Salehmin, Mohamad Azuwa Mohamed, Rosmahani Mohd Shah, Rozan Mohamad Yunus, Zul Adlan Mohd Hir
• Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications / Sajan D. George
• Ultrafiltration membrane for water treatment / Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Mohd Ridhwan Adam, Mohammad Arif Budiman Pauzan, Siti Khadijah Hubadillah, Mukhlis A. Rahman, Juhana Jaafar
• Conducting Polymer Membranes and Their Applications / Ibrahim Alarifi, Brijesh Prasad, Mohammad Kashif Uddin
• Self-supported Electrocatalysts / Paramita Karfa, Kartick Chandra Majhi, Rashmi Madhuri
• Conductive Polymer Based Flexible Supercapacitor / S. Wazed Ali, Satyaranjan Bairagi
• Self-healing Substrates: Fabrication, Properties and Applications / Nikiwe Mhlanga, Keletso Mphahlele
• Self-supported Materials for Flexible/Stretchable Sensors / Zhangpeng Li, Jingxia Huang, Jinqing Wang
• Graphene-Based Materials for Flexible Supercapacitors / Preety Ahuja, Sanjeev Kumar Ujjain
• Free-Standing Graphene Materials for Supercapacitors / Paramita Karfa, Kartick Chandra Majhi, Rashmi Madhuri
• Organic electrode material for sodium-ion batteries / Aneela Sabir, Tahmina Zia, Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Shafiq, Rafi Ullah Khan, Karl I. Jacob.

This book systematically describes free-standing films and self-supporting nanoarrays growing on rigid and flexible substrates, and discusses the numerous applications in electronics, energy generation and storage in detail. The chapters present the various fabrication techniques used for growing self-supporting materials on flexible and rigid substrates, and free-standing films composed of semiconductors, inorganic, polymer and carbon hybrid materials.
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• CHEMISTRY OF METALATED CONTAINER MOLECULES Introduction Metalated Container Molecules: A Brief Overview Metalated Container Molecules of Binucleating Supporting Ligands THE CHEMISTRY OF SUPERBASIC GUANIDINES Properties of the Guanidine Functionality Design of Superbasic Proton Sponges Some Perspectives in Proton Sponge Chemistry Multidentate Superbasic Guanidine Ligands as Receptors for Metal Cations The Chemistry of Guanidine Copper Complexes The Chemistry of Guanidine Zinc Complexes IRON COMPLEXES AND DIOXYGEN ACTIVATION Introduction Dinuclear Iron Peroxo Complexes Tripodal Tetradentate Ligands and Derivatives Monomuclear Iron Peroxo Complexes Mononuclear Iron Oxo Species Work in Progress TUNING OF STRUCTURES AND PROPERTIES OF BISPIDINE COMPLEXES Introduction Jahn-Teller Isomerism with Copper(II) Bispidines Stabilization of High-Spin Ferryl Complexes Jahn-Teller-Distorted Cobalt(III) Complexes NOVEL PHOSPHORUS AND NITROGEN DONOR LIGANDS BEARING SECONDARY FUNCTIONALITIES FOR APPLICATIONS IN HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS Introduction Phosphine Ligands Nitrogen Donor Ligands Without Phosphorus Sites SQUARE-PYRAMIDAL COORDINATED PHOSPHINE IRON FRAGMENTS: A TALE OF THE UNEXPECTED Introduction Polyphosphine Ligands with Three and Four Coordinating Arms C-P Bond Activation and Agostic Interactions in Iron Complexes of Polypodal Phosphine Ligands Mechanistic Considerations REGIOSELECTIVE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF COMPLEXES WITH NH, NR-SUBSTIUTED HETEROCYCLIC CARBENE LIGANDS Introduction Concept of Regioselective Substrate Activation Synthesis of Complexes with NH, NR-Stabilized NHC Ligands Preparation of Substrates for Catalytic Experiments Catalysis Experiments FUNCTIONALIZED CYCLOHEPTATRIENYL-CYCLOPENTADIENYL SANDWICH COMPLEXES AS BUILDING BLOCKS IN METALLO-SUPRAMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY Introduction Syntheses and Electronic Structure of Group 4 Cycloheptatrienyl-Cyclopentadienyl Sandwich Complexes Syntheses and Reactivity of Ansa-Cycloheptatrienyl-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Ring-Opening Reactions of Ansa-Cycloheptatrienyl-Cyclopentadienyl Complexes Phosphine-Functionalized Cycloheptatrienyl-Cyclopentadienyl Sandwich Complexes MONOSACCHARIDE LIGANDS IN ORGANOTITANIUM AND ORGANOZIRCONIUM CHEMISTRY Introduction Synthesis of Organotitanium Carbohydrate Compounds Organotitanium Carbohydrate Compounds for Use in Catalytic Reactions: Polymerization of Ethylene Intramolecular Hydroamination of Aminoalkenes Organozirconium Carbohydrate Compounds Amine Exchange Chiral Recognition REACTIONS OF C-F BONDS WITH TITANOCENE AND ZIRCONOCENE: FROM SECONDARY INTERACTION VIA BOND CLEAVAGE TO CATALYSIS Introduction and Background Secondary Interactions with C-F Bonds Formation of M-F Bonds Stoichiometric Formation of Zr-H Bonds Catalytic Formation of Zr-H Bonds BISAZINES IN THE COORDINATION SPHERE OF EARLY TRANSITION METALS Introduction Results and Discussion BIFUNCTIONAL MOLECULAR SYSTEMS WITH PENDANT BIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)BORYL GROUPS: FROM INTRAMOLECULAR CH-ACTIVATION TO HETEROLYTIC DIHYDROGEN SPLITTING Introduction Bifunctional Zirconum/Boron Systems Bifunctional Group 9 Metal/Boron Systems Bifunctional Phosphorus/Boron Systems RUTHENIUM-CONTAINING POLYOXOTUNGSTATES: STRUCTURE AND REDOX ACTIVITY Introduction The Organoruthenium(II)-Containing 49-Tungsto-8-Phosphate[{K(H2O)}3{Ro(p-cymene)()H2O)}4P8W49O186(H 2O)2
• ]27- The Mono-Ruthenium(III)-Substituted Keggin-Type 11-Tungstosilicate [alpha-SiW11O39Ru111(H2=)
• ]5- and its Dimerization FROM NO TO PEROXIDE ACTIVATION BY MODEL IRON(III) COMPLEXES Introduction NO Activation by Fe(III) Complexes Peroxide Activation by Fe(III) Complexes SYNTHETIC NITROGEN FIXATION WITH MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES: NEW DEVELOPMENTS Introduction Mechanistic Investigation of the Chatt Cycle New Phosphine and Mixed P/N Ligands for Synthetic Nitrogen Fixation DIRECTED C-H FUNCTIONALIZATIONS Introduction Results and Discussion DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL RUTHENIUM AND IRON CATALYSTS FOR EPOXIDATION WITH HYDROGEN PEROXIDE Introduction Development of Epoxidation Catalysts Using H2O2 PENTACOORDINATING BIS(OXAZOLINE) LIGANDS WITH SECONDARY BINDING SITES FLAVIN PHOTOCATALYSTS WITH SUBSTRATE BINDING SITES Introduction Templated Flavin Photoreductions Templated Flavin Photooxidations NEW CATALYTIC CU-, PD- AND STOICHIOMETRIC MG-, ZN-MEDIATED BOND ACTIVATIONS Introduction Catalytic Activation Stoichiometric Activation FROM COBALT(II)-ACTIVATED MOLECULAR OXYGEN TO HYDROCYMETHYL-SUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROFURANS Introduction Thermochemical Considerations Cobalt(II)-Diketonate Complexes Reactivity Stereoselectivity Survey A Derivative of Magnosalicin Expanding the Scope REGIODIVERGENT EPOXIDE OPENING Epoxide Opening via Nucleophilic Substitution: Limitations Arising from the SN2-Mechanism Regiodivergent Epoxide Opening (REO): Mechanistic Implications, Synthetic Potential, and Aspects of Catalyst Design Reductive Epoxide Opening via Electron Transfer from Titanocene(III) Reagents Synthetic Realization of Titanocene-Catalyzed REO SUPRAMOLECULAR CONTAINERS: HOST-GUEST CHEMISTRY AND REACTIVITY Introduction M4L4Tetrahedra Amino Acid-Bridged Dinuclear Titanium(IV) Complexes as Metalloenzyme Mimicry SELF-ASSEMBLY OF DINUCLEAR HELICAL METALLOSUPRAMOLECULAR COORDINATION COMPOUNDS Introduction The Concept of Diastereoselective Self-Assembly of Dinuclear Helicates Synthesis of Building Blocks for the Covalent Assembly of Bis(Chelating) Ligands Synthesis of Bis(Chelating) Ligands and Their Dinuclear Metal Complexes.
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The use of secondary interactions for the activation of non-reactive substrates constitutes a new and modern approach in catalysis. This first comprehensive treatment of this important research field covers the entire field and reveals the links between the various chemical disciplines. It thus adopts an interdisciplinary approach, making it of interest to the whole chemical community. This book is a must for organic, inorganic, catalytic and complex chemists, as well as those working with/on organometallics.
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Mo/Si multilayers, were removed from superpolished zerodur and fused silica substrates with a dry etching process that, under suitable processing conditions, produces negligible change in either the substrate surface figure or surface roughness. Full recovery of the initial normal incidence extreme ultra-violet (EUV) reflectance response has been demonstrated on reprocessed substrates.

• Fungi from Brassicas as substrates
• Jalpa P. Tewari Fungi from monuments
• Clara Urzi' Ubiquitous occurrence of thermophilic moulds
• T. Satyanarayana and R. Juneja Aquatic Hyphomycetes in Brazilian tropical urban waters
• Iracema Helena Schoenlein-Crusius*
• Carolina Gasch Moreira & Elaine Malosso Distribution of myxomycetes among the microhabitats available for these organisms in tropical forests
• Rojas, C., A. W. Rollins and S. L. Stephenson Coprophilous fungi-A Review and Selected Bibliography
• J. K. Misra, Shubha Pandey and Avaneesh Kumar Gupta Fungi from Fossilized Substrates
• S. M. Tripathi and S. Mishra Birbal Sahni Wood-Inhabiting Fungi
• Daniel Tura, Solomon P. Wasser and Ivan V. Zmitrovich Fungi from rice plant
• Evelyn Gergon Fungal Pathogen of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] Occurring in India
• S. K. Sharma and Dr. S.K. Srivastava Fungi in and on dairy products
• Judit Krisch Fungi Associated with Animal Diseases in India
• Rishendra Verma Fungi from Substrates in Marine Environment
• Ka-Lai Pang and Dr. Zhu-Hua Luo Diversity of micro-fungi in streams affected by coal mine drainage of Jaintia Hills Meghalaya
• Ibandarisuk Lyngdoh and Highland Kayang Fungi associated with AIDS patients
• Jalpa P. Tewari.
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The book is comprised of more than a dozen chapters on fungi from different substrates including fossilized leaves. It discusses association of fungi occurring on important plants, some animals, and saprophytic substrates. Besides the taxonomic information, some ecological aspects like distribution and substrate/host preferences are discussed. The book also reviews the myxomycete.
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• Preface, Contributors
• Abbreviations
• Impact of EEC regulations on the economics of fermentation substrates
• Arable crops for the fermentation industry - a grower's view-point
• Carbohydrate feedstocks: availability and utilization of molasses and whey
• Utilization of cellulose as a fermentation substrate: problems and potential
• Transport of carbohydrates by bacteria
• The biochemistry of methane and methanol utilization
• Hydrocarbons as feedstocks for biotechnology
• Application of oils and fats in antibiotic processes
• Choice of substrate in polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis
• The link between the efficiency of ATP-generation and metabolic flexibility during anaerobic growth on various carbon sources
• Industrial gasses containing carbon monoxide as substrates for biotechnology
• Concluding remarks
• Index.
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An article including a substrate, a layer of a metal phosphate material such as an aluminum phosphate material upon the surface of the substrate, and a layer of an oriented cubic oxide material having a rock-salt-like structure upon the metal phosphate material layer is provided together with additional layers such as a HTS top-layer of YBCO directly upon a layer of a buffer material such as a SrTi.sub.x Ru.sub.1-x O.sub.3 layer.

• I. Basic enzymology.- I. 1. Introduction.- I. 2. Maximal velocity.- I. 3. Michaelis constant.- I. 4. Low substrate concentration
• the efficiency of an enzyme.- I. 5. High substrate concentration
• the saturation curve.- I. 6. The characteristic parameters of an enzymatic reaction.- I. 7. Enzyme inhibition.- I. 8. Rate-constants and enzymatic mechanism.- I. 9. The reaction mechanism of serine proteases.- 1.10. Transient state kinetics.- 1.11. Data from a reaction going to completion.- 1.12. Active site titration.- 1.13. Simultaneous reactions in complicated reaction mixtures.- II. Measuring the conversion of a chromogenic substrate.- II. 1. Photometric assays.- II. 2. Absorption spectrophotometry.- II. 3. Choice of wavelength and absorbancy range.- II. 4. Temperature.- II. 5. The reaction medium.- II. 6. Substrate solution.- II. 7. Methodology.- II. 8. Execution of the experiment.- II. 9. Fluorescence.- II.10. Electrochemical determinations.- III. Substrates.- III.1. Specificity in serine proteases.- III.2. Substrate selectivity and sensitivity.- III.3. Inhibition by artificial substrates.- III.4. Data on commercially available substrates.- III.5. Fluorogenic substrates.- III.6. General principles of fluorogenic peptide substrates with 7-amino-4-methylcoumarine (MCA) as a leaving group.- III.7. Thioesters.- III.8. Substrates for electrochemical determinations.- III.9. Luminogenic substrates.- IV. Determinations that can be carried out with chromogenic substrates.- IV. 1. Thrombin and derived determinations.- 1.1. thrombin.- 1.2. prothrombin.- 1.3. antithrombin III and heparin cofactor.- 1.4. prothrombinase, factor V, platelet factor 3.- 1.4.1. prothrombinase.- 1.4.2. factor V.- 1.4.3. platelet factor 3.- IV.2. Factor Xa and derived determinations.- 2.1. factor Xa.- 2.2. factor X.- 2.3. antifactor Xa (antithrombin III, heparin cofactor).- 2.4. heparin.- 2.5. platelet factor 4 and other antiheparins.- 2.6. factor X activating enzymes.- 2.6.1. factor VIII.- 2.6.2. factor IX.- 2.6.3. platelet factor 3.- 2.6.4. factor VII and tissue thromboplastin.- IV.3. Determination of fibrinolytic pathway components in plasma.- 3.1. plasminogen.- 3.2. plasminogen activator.- 3.3. 'free' protease activity.- 3.4. plasmin generation rates.- 3.5. ?2-plasmin inhibitor.- IV.4. The contact activation system.- 4.1. plasma prekallikrein.- 4.2. factor XII.- 4.3. activated factor XI.- IV.5. Miscellaneous determinations.- 5.1. glandular kallikrein.- 5.2. brinase and brinase inhibitors.- 5.3. bacterial endotoxins.- Bibliography of synthetic substrates (as available Fall 1982).- Index of subjects.
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The need for a handbook on the use of synthetic substrates for assay of proteases of the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems became evident several years ago during the activities of the Subcommittee on Synthetic Substrates of the International Committee on Thrombosis and Haemo stasis (lCTH). Production of such a handbook, which was recommended during discussions of the ICTH at its meeting in London in 1979 was made possible by the generous efforts of Professor HC Hemker with the aid of several contributors with particular interests in the use of synthetic substrates in coagulation and fibrinolysis. As current Chairman and Secretary General of the ICTH we would like to express our sincere thanks to Professor Hemker for producing this handbook and look for ward to seeing the benefits of this tremendous effort reflected in the advancement of our understanding of thrombosis and hemostasis and the transfer of such knowledge into improved diagnosis and treatment of thrombotic and hemorrhagic disorders. Craig M Jackson Professor of Biological Chemistry Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO Chairman, ICTH Harold R Roberts Professor of Internal Medicine University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC Secretary General, ICTH ix Foreword The advent of synthetic substrates for the study of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis was a significant step forward in the investigation of these systems. Both basic research and clinical laboratory investigations can profit from these advanced tools.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Coating Industry
• Demands of a Coating Facility
• Basic Elements of Coating Systems
• Production Methods
• Paste Preparation
• Substrate Coating
• Characteristics and Applications of Plastisols and Additives
• Emission Control in Coating Companies
• Investment Profitability Analysis.

This book provides knowledge on the finishing of substrates with a functionalising coating, emphasizing on technical textiles. The spectrum of topics covers different substrates and coating materials, process engineering and equipment components as well as complex machinery. The reader is presented with an overview of the technical capabilities of substrate coating, enabling the practitioner to design and implement new products. Furthermore the author goes into detail on various air pollution control procedures and economic issues of asset valuation. Dr. Andreas Giessmann has been active for more than 15 years in the coating field. After studying Production and Industrial Engineering as well as Business Studies, he received his PhD in the field of Mechanical Engineering at the Technical University of Dresden. He is a managing partner at Coatema Coating Machinery GmbH, a company which develops, produces and globally distributes coating machinery. Among other endeavours, Dr. Giessmann works in the advisory council of the Institute for Special Textiles and Flexible Materials Thüringen-Vogtland and of the Forschungskuratorium Textil e.V. in Stuttgart.