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• Contents: What is fetal programming
• The thrifty phenotype and DOHaD
• Animal models of fetal programming
• Epigenetic mechanisms
• Transgenerational effects.

• Contents: Childhood obesity: definitions, rates and global trends
• Causes of childhood obesity
• Co-morbidities in childhood obesity
• Key determinants of obesity in childhood
• Stigmatisation and psychological issues in the child
• Obesity and the child with disability
• Long term outlook for childhood obesity.

• Contents: The relationship between obesity and mortality rate is complex
• Differences in associations and causal effects may exist both within and across species
• Obesity is clearly associated with elevated mortality rate and this association is generally presumed to reflect causation
• The epidemiological evidence regarding the effect of being overweight (but not obese) is less clear and more controversial
• Epidemiological evidence on the effects of weight loss on mortality rate among obese persons is even less clear
• Evidence seems to suggest that weight loss induced by methods generally recommended by the biomedical community will prolong life among obese persons
• Data strongly suggest that losing body fat, as opposed to just body weight, is what conveys the presumed benefit of weight loss on longevity.

• Contents: Evolutionary arguments for regulation of body fat
• Gene x gene x environment interactions
• Molecular physiology of control of body weight
• Human monogenic obesities
• Complex genetics of human obesity
• Threshold model for control of body weight
• Bioenergetics of reduced body weight
• Structural plasticity in the CNS systems regulating body fat.

• Contents: Identification of obese children
• Factors associated with childhood obesity
• Obesity and health in childhood
• Childhood obesity and future health
• Clinical implications of childhood obesity.

• Contents: Obesity outcomes that matter to patients
• Options beyond lifestyle: pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery
• Effects of bariatric surgeries on obesity co-morbidities
• Bariatric surgery: limitations, adverse effects and follow up.

• Contents: Prevalence of obesity and associated disease burden
• Principals of weight management: key focus on diet, increased physical activity and behaviour change.

• Contents: Introduction to obesity pharmacotherapy
• Phentermine
• Orlistat
• Lorcaserin
• Phentermine/Topiramate ER
• Bupropion SR/Naltrexone SR
• Liraglutide
• Long term effects of therapy
• Choosing between drug options
• Future directions of obesity pharmacotherapy.

• Contents: Assessment of the national prevalence of obesity
• Availability of good, updated data
• Problems with the data
• Important determinants of obesity in Europe: age, sex and social class (education/income)
• Obesity prevalence in adults, adolescents and children
• Time-trends in obesity
• Obesity in the WHO MONICA Study
• Obesity prevalence varies widely within and between countries
• The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate.

• Contents: Psychiatry and psychology of obesity
• Typical clinical phenotypes
• Drivers and common mediators
• Food reward systems
• Brain areas involved in the regulation of hunger & response to food
• Psychotropic medication
• Behavioural intervention
• Bariatric surgery (outcomes & consequences).

• Contents: The evolution of bariatric surgery procedures
• Jejunoileal bypass
• Modern malabsorptive procedures
• Biliopancreatic diversion of Scopinaro
• Modification of the biliopancreatic diversion to a duodenal switch
• Gastric bypass
• Fobi procedure
• Laparoscopic Roux gastric bypass
• Vertical banded gastroplasty
• Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding
• Robotic, laparoscopic gastric banding
• Gastric balloons
• Gastric pacing
• Prolongation of life expectancy by bariatric surgery
• Who is and who is not a candidate for bariatric surgery
• Bariatric surgery is the current treatment of choice for morbid obesity
• Bariatric surgery is relatively safe, reverses the co-morbidities of morbid obesity, improves quality of life, increases life expectancy and is cost effective.

Covers statistics of obesity in the U.S. Examines environmental changes that have resulted in increased food availability and decreased opportunities for physical activity. Covers the possible roles of individual responsibility, schools, communities, local governments, and commercial corporations in promoting healthy food choices and active lifestyles.

• Contents: Obesity as a risk factor for asthma
• How obesity effects clinical presentation of asthma
• Different phenotypes of asthma in obesity
• Role of co-morbidities of obesity in asthma.

• Contents: Obesity: a global epidemic (epidemiology)
• Obesity in the past
• Evolutionary perspective
• Obesity harms everyone
• Obesity does not affect all populations equally.

• Contents: Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ
• Local and systemic inflammation increases due to dysfunctional adipose tissue
• Dysfunctional adipose tissue is more fibrotic
• Factors involved in inflammation
• Factors involved in energy homeostasis
• The Adipokine panel for clinical studies
• Impact of visceral fat pad on liver
• Retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
• Resistin
• Adiponectin
• Adiponectin multimerization
• Prospective marker of CVD
• Hepatic insulin sensitizer
• Anti-steatotic action of Adiponectin
• A mediator of PPARg agonist action
• Type 2 diabetic patients
• Hypertension
• Renal failure
• Cancer
• Transgenic overexpression of Adiponectin in ob/ob mice.

• Contents: How do we measure obesity?
• Body mass index (WHO categories, age groups, problems with BMI)
• Other measures of obesity: weight, waist measurement, skinfold thickness, fat mass measurement, Impedance, air displacement, body imaging.

• Contents: Obesity is not just one single disorder
• Environment vs. genetics
• There are many types of obesity
• Causes of obesity
• Importance of adipose tissue
• Obesity epidemic
• How do we get fat?
• Leptin
• Uptake and storage of energy
• The energy we use
• How can we combat the problem (lifestyle, drugs, surgery)?
• Whole system approach.

• Contents: Long term effects of weight loss
• Diet, physical activity and behavior therapy in weight loss
• Molecular regulation of body weight
• Changes in energy expenditure and persistent metabolic adaptation
• Strategies for long term weight loss maintenance.

• Contents: Clinical studies involving pharmacological drugs for the treatment of obesity
• Phentermine
• Topiramate
• Phentermine plus topiramate
• Orlistat
• Liraglutide
• Lorcaserin
• Naltrexone plus bupropion
• Semaglutide
• Pramlintide
• Metreleptin
• Pramlintide plus metreleptin
• Beloranib
• Combination of hormones.