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• Introduction : non-state actors, changing actors, and subjects of international law / Charles-Emmanuel Côté
• Sovereignty's accommodations : quasi-states as international lawmakers / Kathleen Claussen
• Quasi-States and sport : building a case for statehood / Ryan Gauthier
• Self-determination claimant groups and the creation of international norms / Amy Maguire
• Indigenous peoples as actors in international law-making : focusing on international environmental law / Yuko Osakada
• Legally sculpting a melting arctic : states, indigenous peoples and justice in multilateralism / Sabaa Ahmad Khan
• Legitimacy, participation, and international law-making : 'fixing' the restitution of cultural property to indigenous peoples / Shea Elizabeth Esterling
• Procedural barriers to indigenous peoples' participation in international lawmaking : extended continental shelf delimitation in Inuit Nunaat / Zhannah Voukitchevitch
• Non-state actors as invisible law makers? Domestic Implementation of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) Standards / Mari Takeuchi
• Reorienting the role of nonstate actors in global climate governance / Jason MacLean
• The influence of the individual and the corporation on the state's exercise of jurisdiction under international law : the case of business and human rights arbitration / Sarah Castles
• Beyond the state : individual civil responsibility for violations of international law / Miriam Cohen
• Asymmetrical legal conflicts / Shiri Krebs
• Reconsidering the classification of extraterritorial conflict with armed groups in international humanitarian law / Shin Kawagishi
• The status of rebels in non-international armed conflict : do they have the right to life? / Kentaro Wani
• Non-state actors in international dispute settlement : the case of domestic investment statutes / Jarrod Hepburn.

"The 15 essays in this book began as papers presented at the Seventh Four Societies Conference hosted at Waseda University, Tokyo, in June 2018, by the Japanese Society of International Law (JSIL). The 'Four Societies' conferences are a collaborative initiative of the American Society of International Law (asil), the Australian New Zealand Society of International Law (ANZSIL), the Canadian Council on International Law (CCIL) and JSIL. The biannual conferences, which began in 2006, provide an opportunity for emerging scholars to foster a collaborative network around a common theme"-- Provided by publisher.

• Geographical overview of China's maritime boundaries in the South China Sea
• Chinese historical records of the South China Sea
• Shitang and Changsha within China's maritime boundaries in the South China Sea
• South China Sea in the measurements of the Four Seas of the Yuan Dynasty
• Why are Hoang Sa and Truong Sa of Vietnam not Xisha and Nansha of China : some evidence from historical sources
• China's development and administration of Xisha and Nansha Islands
• China's dotted line in the South China Sea : its background and ramifications
• Legal status of the dotted line in the South China Sea : historic waters, territory boundary line or an island ownership line?
• A critical review of research on the legal status of the dotted line in the South China Sea
• China's struggle for sovereignty over Xisha and Nansha Islands before and after the Second Sino-Japanese War
• China's dispute with the Philippines over the Nansha Islands : perspective of international law
• Sino-French border demarcation disputes and maritime boundary delimitation in the Gulf of Tonkin
• UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and the South China Sea disputes
• Latest developments in the South China Sea and China's responses
• Current situation in the South China Sea and Vietnamese policy

Maritime boundary disputes in the South China have existed for centuries, and researchers from a variety of countries have analysed the situation from a great many points of view. Yet, and despite its status as one of the major countries in the region, Chinese perspectives have often been absent from the international literature. This book redresses that balance. Bringing together scholarship from history and international law, this book provides a lens through which maritime territorial disputes in the South China Sea can be interrogated. Not only does it detail the historical and jurisprudential evidence that support maritime boundaries in the South China Sea for different stakeholders, but it also clarifies some misconceptions related to China's nine-dash lines by referring to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Moreover, the book offers in-depth discussion and observation on the most recent developments in the South China Sea. This book is an essential resource for researchers, teachers and students who specialize in Southeast Asian Studies, China maritime studies, and the international law of the sea.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The regulation of research on the new biomedical technologies : standard setting in Europe and its Baltic Region / Pēteris Zilgalvis
• State responsibility and the challenge of the realist paradigm : the demand of Baltic victims of Soviet mass repressions for compensation from Russia / Lauri Mälksoo
• State continuity, succession, and responsibility : reparations to the Baltic States and their peoples? / Ineta Ziemele
• The dilemmas of an "official with progressive views" : Baron Boris Nolde / Peter Holquist
• Computer network attacks in the grey areas of jus ad bellumand jus in bello / Erki KodarLegal
• Status of Lithuania's armed resistance to the Soviet occupation in the context of state continuity / Dainius Žalimas
• Transitional criminal justice at the ECtHR : implications for the universality of human rights / James A. Sweeney
• Implementation of the sustainable development principle in nuclear law / Apolevič Jolanta
• Cyber countermeasures and effects on third parties : the international legal regime / Michael N. Schmittand and M. Christopher Pitts
• Foreword : fifty shades of gray / José E. Alvarez
• Bioethics in the Jurisprudence of the Latvian Constitutional Court / Sanita Osipova.

"Celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Baltic Yearbook of International Law, this volume contains a selection of articles chosen by the editors to showcase the Yearbook's important contribution to international legal scholarship and practice. It thus offers ground-breaking articles on diverse legal areas, including international humanitarian law, international human rights law, peaceful settlement of disputes, European Union law, and the history of international law. Naturally, issues relevant to the international legal status of the Baltic States and the consequences of their occupation by the Soviet Union are also explored, as well as to transitional justice and the collapse of communism. Finally, articles on new areas, such as bioethics and cyperspace, are also included, showing where the development of science prompts the need for legal regulation. This wide-ranging selection reflects the Yearbook's aim to offer a unique forum among international legal periodicals - where the past meets the future"-- Provided by publisher.

• Dramatis Personae-- Introduction--
• 1. "Individual rights were not enough for true freedom"--
• 2. Who Will Tame the Will to Defy Humanity?--
• 3. The Consequences of 1948--
• 4. Exit from North Africa--
• 5. From Antisemitism to "Zionism is Racism"--
• 6. The Inadequacy of Madison Avenue Methods-- 7."Good words have become the servants of evil masters"-- Conclusion-- Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Nathan A. Kurz charts the fraught relationship between Jewish internationalism and international rights protection in the second half of the twentieth century. For nearly a century, Jewish lawyers and advocacy groups in Western Europe and the United States had pioneered forms of international rights protection, tying the defense of Jews to norms and rules that aspired to curb the worst behavior of rapacious nation-states. In the wake of the Holocaust and the creation of the State of Israel, however, Jewish activists discovered they could no longer promote the same norms, laws and innovations without fear they could soon apply to the Jewish state. Using previously unexamined sources, Nathan Kurz examines the transformation of Jewish internationalism from an effort to constrain the power of nation-states to one focused on cementing Israel's legitimacy and its status as a haven for refugees from across the Jewish diaspora.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Early Modern Extraterritoriality--
• 2. Historical sociology, Marxism, and law--
• 3. Social property relations--
• 4. Ambassadors--
• 5. Consuls--
• 6. Colonial practices of jurisdictional accumulation--
• 7. Analytical crossroads: Dominium, consuls, and extraterritoriality--
• 8. Conclusion-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The majority of European early modern empires - the Castilian, French, Dutch, and English/British - developed practices of jurisdictional accumulation, distinguished by the three categories of extensions, transports, and transplants of authority. This book is concerned with various diplomatic and colonial agents which enabled the transports and transplants of sovereign authority. Through historical analyses of ambassadors and consuls in the Mediterranean based on primary and secondary material, and on the empires' Atlantic imperial expansions and conquests, the book makes a major analytical contribution to historical sociology. As an interdisciplinary exercise in conceptual innovation based on a Political Marxist framework and its concept of social property relations, the book goes beyond common binaries in both conventional and critical histories. The new concept of jurisdictional accumulation brings ambassadors, consuls, merchants, and lawyers out of the shadows of empire and onto the main stage of the construction of modern international relations and international law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : Emerging Philosophies of Polar Law / Dawid Bunikowski and Alan D. Hemmings
• The Philosophy of Law in the Antarctic / Alan D. Hemmings
• The Philosophy of Law in the Arctic / Dawid Bunikowski
• Decolonising Antarctica / Alejandra Mancilla
• The Arctic as Civil Commons / Giorgio Baruchello
• Philosophy of Science and Legal Disputes over Whaling in the Southern Ocean / David Coady, Brendan Gogarty and Jeffrey McGee
• Legal (non) Recognition of Sámi Customary Relationship with the Land in Finland : Challenges so ar and Prospects in the Modern Human Rights Era /
• Leena Heinämäki, Sanna Valkonen and Jarno Valkonen
• Assimilation Policy contra Cultural Viability in the North / Tom G. Svensson
• The Predicates of Chinese Legal Philosophy in the Polar Regions / Nengye Liu and Qi Xu
• Climate Change and the Role of Indigenous Peoples in Preserving Nature and Biodiversity with Special Emphasis on the Arctic / Agnieszka Szpak
• Environmental Perceptions and Values of the Russian Northern Indigenous Peoples / Elena Gladun and Olga V. Zakharova.

"Analysing the most important concepts and problems of the philosophy of polar law, this book focuses on the legal regimes relating to both the Arctic and Antarctic. The book addresses the most fundamental concepts and problems of polar law, looking beyond the apparent biophysical similarities and differences of the two polar regions, to tackle the distinctive legal problems relating to each polar region. It examines key legal-philosophical areas of the philosophy of law around legal interpretation; the role of nation states, reflected in concepts of territorial sovereignty - whether recognised or merely asserted, the exercise of jurisdiction, and the philosophical justifications for such claims; as well as indigenous rights, land rights, civil commons and issues of justice. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of polar law, land law, heritage law, international relations in the polar regions and the wider polar social sciences and humanities"-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction : Exploring the Relationship between Hard and Soft International Law and Social Change / Daniel D. Bradlow and David B. Hunter
• The Softening of Hard Law and the Hardening of Soft Law : an Extended
• Synopsis / Upendra Baxi
• Promoting Social Change through Treaties and Customary International Law : the Experience of the Inter-American Human Rights System / Claudio Grossman
• Children's Rights : Social Change through the Application of Hard and Soft International Law / Ann Skelton
• The International Criminal Court and the Use of Hard Law in the Quest for Accountability for Core International Crimes / Angela Mudukuti
• The Hard Choices in Promoting Environmental Access Rights / Natalia Gomez Peña and David Hunter
• Hard Choices for Soft Commitments in the Climate Change Regime / David B. Hunter
• A Turning Point in a Slow Revolution : the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control / Patricia Anne Lambert
• Soft International Law and the Promotion of Financial Regulation and Responsibility / Daniel D. Bradlow
• Levers for and Obstacles to Social Change : Bank Lending, the Law and the Equator Principles / Sheldon Leader and Luis Felipe Yanes
• Non-Judicial Grievance Mechanisms : Hardening the Soft Law of Corporate Accountability? / Nikki Reisch
• Hard and Soft International Law and Their Contribution to Social
• Change : The Lessons Learned / Daniel D. Bradlow & David B. Hunter

"The range, scope, scale, and speed of cross- border activity has significantly increased over the past half century.* Today in addition to the linkages created by international trade, foreign investment, international diplomacy, and state- to- state relations, the world is connected through deep and dynamic technological, social, cultural, and environmental interactions. The result is a profound shift towards more international connectedness through migration, trade in goods and services, social media, tourism, education exchanges, cybercrime, communicable diseases, invasive species and environmental pollution.1 Despite the drag caused by persistent and occasionally resurgent nationalism, the intensity and diversity of these interactions is likely to continue growing"-- Provided by publisher.

Why are contemporary African governments working to undermine the international courts they proactively created and supported in the 1990s and early 2000s?

• Introduction: Contesting the international rule of law
• America's "exceptional" international law policy
• The structure of American foreign policy ideology
• Competing conceptions of the international rule of law
• Clinton administration, 1992-2000
• Bush 43 administration 2000-2004
• Bush 43 administration 2004-2008
• Obama administration 2008-2016
• Conclusion: Between power & transcendent values

American engagement with international law has long been framed by commitment to the 'international rule of law', which persists even across divergent political and historical eras. Yet, despite appeals to legal ideals, American international law policy is consistently criticised as fraught with contradiction and distorted by beliefs in 'exceptionalism'. These contested claims of fidelity to law are the subject of this book: what does the 'international rule of law' mean for American legal policymakers even as they advocate competing commitments to international legal order? Answers are found in extensive evidence that American policymakers receive international law through established foreign policy ideologies, which correspond with divisions in both legal scholarship and diplomatic history. Using the case of the International Criminal Court, the book demonstrates that the very meaning of the international rule of law is structured by competing ideological beliefs; between American policymakers and global counterparts, and among American policymakers themselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Contesting the international rule of law
• America's "exceptional" international law policy
• The structure of American foreign policy ideology
• Competing conceptions of the international rule of law
• Clinton administration, 1992-2000
• Bush 43 administration 2000-2004
• Bush 43 administration 2004-2008
• Obama administration 2008-2016
• Conclusion: Between power & transcendent values

American engagement with international law has long been framed by commitment to the 'international rule of law', which persists even across divergent political and historical eras. Yet, despite appeals to legal ideals, American international law policy is consistently criticised as fraught with contradiction and distorted by beliefs in 'exceptionalism'. These contested claims of fidelity to law are the subject of this book: what does the 'international rule of law' mean for American legal policymakers even as they advocate competing commitments to international legal order? Answers are found in extensive evidence that American policymakers receive international law through established foreign policy ideologies, which correspond with divisions in both legal scholarship and diplomatic history. Using the case of the International Criminal Court, the book demonstrates that the very meaning of the international rule of law is structured by competing ideological beliefs; between American policymakers and global counterparts, and among American policymakers themselves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The standard of civilisation in international law: politics, theory, method--
• 2. The standard of civilisation in the nineteenth century: between the 'logic of improvement' and the 'logic of biology'--
• 3. The institutionalisation of civilisation in the interwar period--
• 4. Arguing with borrowed concepts: 'The sacred trust of civilisation' in the South West Africa Saga--
• 5. From Iraq to Syria: legal arguments for the civilising missions of the twenty-first century--
• 6. Thinking through contradictions on a warming planet.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Methodologically and theoretically innovative, this monograph draws from Marxism and deconstruction bringing together the textual and the material in our understanding of international law. Approaching 'civilisation' as an argumentative pattern related to the distribution of rights and duties amongst different communities, Ntina Tzouvala illustrates both its contradictory nature and its pro-capitalist bias. 'Civilisation' is shown to oscillate between two poles. On the one hand, a pervasive 'logic of improvement' anchors legal equality to demands that non-Western polities undertake extensive domestic reforms and embrace capitalist modernity. On the other, an insistent 'logic of biology' constantly postpones such a prospect based on ideas of immutable difference. By detailing the tension and synergies between these two logics, Tzouvala argues that international law incorporates and attempts to mediate the contradictions of capitalism as a global system of production and exchange that both homogenises and stratifies societies, populations and space.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to China's Arctic engagement / Sanna Kopra and Timo Koivurova
• China's rise in a changing world / Marc Lanteigne, Timo Koivurova and Matti Nojonen
• China's Arctic policy / Timo Koivurova, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne, Matti Nojonen, Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek and Adam Stepien
• China and Arctic science / Malgorzata (Gosia) Smieszek, Timo Koivurova and Egill Thor Nielsson
• China, climate change and the Arctic environment / Sanna Kopra, Karoliina Hurri, Liisa Kauppila, Adam Stepien and Yulia Yamineva
• China's economic presence in the Arctic : realities, expectations and concerns / Adam Stepien, Liisa Kauppila, Sanna Kopra, Juha Käpylä, Marc Lanteigne, Harri Mikkola and Matti Nojonen
• Chinese-Finnish economic relations within the Arctic context : hopes and disappointments / Adam Stepien, Timo Koivurova, Juha Käpylä, Harri Mikkola and Matti Nojonen
• Conclusion: China's policy and presence in the Arctic / Timo Koivurova, Sanna Kopra, Marc Lanteigne and Adam Stepien

In the book Chinese Policy and Presence in the Arctic, Koivurova and Kopra (editors) offer a comprehensive account of China's evolving interests, policies and strategies in the Arctic region. Despite its lack of geography north of the Arctic Circle, China's presence in the High North is expected to grow in the coming years, which, in turn, is likely to speed up globalization in the region. This book brings together experts on China and the Arctic, each chapter contributing to a detailed overview of China's diplomatic, economic, environmental, scientific and strategic presence in the Arctic and its influence on regional affairs. The book is of interest to students, scholars and those dealing with China's foreign policy and Arctic affairs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Meaning and function of a Chinese theory of international law
• Why a Chinese theory of international law is necessary
• Formation of the Conception of international law in contemporary China
• Initiating international law principle building in practice
• Development of new China's international law theory
• The cognitive foundations for Chinese theory of international law
• Chinese conception about the rule of constitution in international relations
• Conclusion

This book analyzes China's attitude to international law based on historical experiences and documents, and provides an explanation of China's approaches to international legal issues. It also establishes several elements for a possible framework of Chinese theory on international law. The book offers researchers, university students and practitioners valuable insights into how China views international law and why it does so in the way it does.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• The interpretation of international law by domestic courts : a topic that matters
• Terminology and conceptual apparatus
• Interpreting international law in context : domestic specificities
• The legal effect of domestic rulings in international law
• The need for interpretative methods in international law
• The interpretative methods of international law : what are they, and why use them?
• Swiss courts and treaty interpretation
• Swiss courts and the interpretation of unwritten international law
• Conclusion and recommendations

In Domestic Courts and the Interpretation of International Law, Odile Ammann examines how domestic judges do and must interpret international law. She analyzes their interpretative methodology and the predictability, clarity, and consistency of their reasoning. Highlighting the main gaps in contemporary international legal scholarship regarding international law in domestic courts, Ammann offers a fresh and thorough theoretical reflection on this topic. Based on a detailed study of the judicial practice, she shows how courts' interpretative method and reasoning can be further improved. She also argues that interpretative methods must be taken more seriously in international law. While she primarily uses the Swiss example to illustrate her claims, the basic tenets of her analysis apply to any domestic legal context.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)