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• Violence in the American South
• American Indians, Violence against
• Arson
• Black armed resistance
• Blood sports
• Capital punishment
• Church burnings
• Civil rights, Federal enforcement
• Civil rights-era violence
• Civil War
• Corporal punishment in schools
• Criminal justice through the civil rights era
• Dueling
• Feuds and feuding
• Films about lynching
• Films about prison
• Guns
• Homicide
• Honor
• Hunting
• Labor violence
• Literature, Violence in
• Lynching
• Memory
• Mexican Americans, Violence towards
• Militarism
• Nonviolent protest (Civil disobedience)
• Organized crime
• Outlaw-heroes
• Peonage
• Police brutality
• Prisons
• Race riots
• Rape
• Reconstruction-era violence
• Religion and violence
• Slave culture, Violence within
• Slave patrols
• Slave revolts
• Slaves, Violence toward
• Song, Black, Violence in
• Song, White, Violence in
• Southwestern violence
• Suicide
• Vigilantism
• Alamo
• American Indian blood revenge
• American Indian slave trade
• Ames, Jessie Daniel
• Andersonville Prison
• Angola Prison (Louisiana State Penitentiary)
• Antiabortion violence
• Antilynching activism
• Atlanta (Georgia) race riots (1906)
• Bacon's Rebellion
• Birmingham Church Bombing
• The birth of a nation
• Black militias
• "Bonnie and Clyde"
• Bowie knife
• Byrd, James, Murder of
• Chain gang
• Convict leasing
• Copeland, James
• Cortez, Gregorio
• Deliverance
• Donald, Michael, Lynching of
• Elaine (Arkansas) Massacre (1919)
• Evers, Medgar, Assassination of
• Filibusters
• Forrest, Nathan Bedford
• Frank, Leo
• Greensboro (North Carolina) Massacre (1979)
• Guerrilla bands
• Harlan County, Kentucky
• Hatfields and McCoys
• James Brothers
• King, MartinLutherr, Jr., Assassination of
• Knights of the Golden Circle
• Ku Klux Klan, Civil Rights Era to the present
• Ku Klux Klan, Reconstruction-era
• Ku Klux Klan, Second (1915-1944)
• Long, Huey, Assassination of
• Lynching photography
• Night Riders
• Orangeburg (South Carolina) Massacre (1968)
• Parchman Mississippii State Penitentiary)
• Redfield, H.V.
• Regulator movement
• Rosewood (Florida) Incident (1923)
• Scottsboro Case
• Sumner-Brooks Affair
• Texas Rangers
• Till, Emmett
• Trail of Tears
• Tulsa (Oklahoma) Race Riot (1921)
• Turner, Nat
• Waco Siege (Branch Davidians)
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B.
• Whitecappers
• Wilmington (North Carolina) Race Riot (1898)
• Index of contributors
• Index.

Much of the violence that has been associated with the United States has had particular salience for the South, from its high homicide rates, or its bloody history of racial conflict, to southerners' popular attachment to guns and traditional support for capital punishment. With over 95 entries, this volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture explores the most significant forms and many of the most harrowing incidences of violence that have plagued southern society over the past 300 years. Following a detailed overview by editor Amy Wood, the volume explores a wide range of topics, such as violence against and among American Indians, labor violence, arson, violence and memory, suicide, and anti-abortion violence. Taken together, these entries broaden our understanding of what has driven southerners of various classes and various ethnicities to commit acts of violence, while addressing the ways in which southerners have conceptualized that violence, responded to it, or resisted it. This volume enriches our understanding of the culture of violence and its impact on ideas about law and crime, about historical tradition and social change, and about race and gender--not only in the South but in the nation as a whole.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Violence in the American South
• American Indians, Violence against
• Arson
• Black armed resistance
• Blood sports
• Capital punishment
• Church burnings
• Civil rights, Federal enforcement
• Civil rights-era violence
• Civil War
• Corporal punishment in schools
• Criminal justice through the civil rights era
• Dueling
• Feuds and feuding
• Films about lynching
• Films about prison
• Guns
• Homicide
• Honor
• Hunting
• Labor violence
• Literature, Violence in
• Lynching
• Memory
• Mexican Americans, Violence towards
• Militarism
• Nonviolent protest (Civil disobedience)
• Organized crime
• Outlaw-heroes
• Peonage
• Police brutality
• Prisons
• Race riots
• Rape
• Reconstruction-era violence
• Religion and violence
• Slave culture, Violence within
• Slave patrols
• Slave revolts
• Slaves, Violence toward
• Song, Black, Violence in
• Song, White, Violence in
• Southwestern violence
• Suicide
• Vigilantism
• Alamo
• American Indian blood revenge
• American Indian slave trade
• Ames, Jessie Daniel
• Andersonville Prison
• Angola Prison (Louisiana State Penitentiary)
• Antiabortion violence
• Antilynching activism
• Atlanta (Georgia) race riots (1906)
• Bacon's Rebellion
• Birmingham Church Bombing
• The birth of a nation
• Black militias
• "Bonnie and Clyde"
• Bowie knife
• Byrd, James, Murder of
• Chain gang
• Convict leasing
• Copeland, James
• Cortez, Gregorio
• Deliverance
• Donald, Michael, Lynching of
• Elaine (Arkansas) Massacre (1919)
• Evers, Medgar, Assassination of
• Filibusters
• Forrest, Nathan Bedford
• Frank, Leo
• Greensboro (North Carolina) Massacre (1979)
• Guerrilla bands
• Harlan County, Kentucky
• Hatfields and McCoys
• James Brothers
• King, MartinLutherr, Jr., Assassination of
• Knights of the Golden Circle
• Ku Klux Klan, Civil Rights Era to the present
• Ku Klux Klan, Reconstruction-era
• Ku Klux Klan, Second (1915-1944)
• Long, Huey, Assassination of
• Lynching photography
• Night Riders
• Orangeburg (South Carolina) Massacre (1968)
• Parchman Mississippii State Penitentiary)
• Redfield, H.V.
• Regulator movement
• Rosewood (Florida) Incident (1923)
• Scottsboro Case
• Sumner-Brooks Affair
• Texas Rangers
• Till, Emmett
• Trail of Tears
• Tulsa (Oklahoma) Race Riot (1921)
• Turner, Nat
• Waco Siege (Branch Davidians)
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B.
• Whitecappers
• Wilmington (North Carolina) Race Riot (1898)
• Index of contributors
• Index.

Much of the violence that has been associated with the United States has had particular salience for the South, from its high homicide rates, or its bloody history of racial conflict, to southerners' popular attachment to guns and traditional support for capital punishment. With over 95 entries, this volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture explores the most significant forms and many of the most harrowing incidences of violence that have plagued southern society over the past 300 years. Following a detailed overview by editor Amy Wood, the volume explores a wide range of topics, such as violence against and among American Indians, labor violence, arson, violence and memory, suicide, and anti-abortion violence. Taken together, these entries broaden our understanding of what has driven southerners of various classes and various ethnicities to commit acts of violence, while addressing the ways in which southerners have conceptualized that violence, responded to it, or resisted it. This volume enriches our understanding of the culture of violence and its impact on ideas about law and crime, about historical tradition and social change, and about race and gender--not only in the South but in the nation as a whole.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A Buxton Retrospective: Introduction to the 2003 Edition; Acknowledgments; Introduction;
• 1. Muchakinock: Buxton's Historical Antecedent;
• 2. The Creation of a Community;
• 3. Workers in a Company Town;
• 4. The Consolidation Coal Company;
• 5. Family Life;
• 6. Ethnicity;
• 7. Buxton and Haydock: The Final Years;
• 8. A Perspective; Notes; Selected Bibliography; Index.

From 1900 until the early 1920s, an unusual community existed in America's heartland. It was the largest unincorporated coal-mining community in Iowa and the majority of its 5000 residents were African Americans - unusual for a state which was over 90 per cent white.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; INTRODUCTION: Region, Race, and Identities; 1 Finding the Black South; 2 Post-Soul Blues; 3 Not Stud'n' 'em White Folks; 4 Belles, Guls, and Country Boys; 5 Southern Is the New Black; CONCLUSION: Black Identity Redux; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; W; Y.

When Zandria Robinson returned home to interview African Americans in Memphis, she was often greeted with some version of the caution ""I hope you know this ain't Chicago."" In this important new work, Robinson critiques ideas of black identity constructed through a northern lens and situates African Americans as central shapers of contemporary southern culture. Analytically separating black southerners from their migrating cousins, fictive kin, and white counterparts, Robinson demonstrates how place intersects with race, class, gender, and regional identities and differences. Robinson grounds her work in Memphis--the first big city heading north out of the Mississippi Delta. Although Memphis sheds light on much about the South, Robinson does not suggest that the region is monolithic. Instead, she attends to multiple Souths, noting the distinctions between southern places. Memphis, neither Old South nor New South, sits at the intersections of rural and urban, soul and post-soul, and civil rights and post-civil rights, representing an ongoing conversation with the varied incarnations of the South, past and present.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contents
• Acknowledgments ix
• Introduction 1
• 1 The Making of the Negro Mecca: Harlem and the Struggle for Community Rights 13
• 2 "Not to Save the Union but to `Free the Slaves'": Black Labor Activism and Community Politics during the New Negro Era 53
• 3 "Colored People Have Few Places to Which They Can Move": Tenants, Landlords, and Community Mobilization 93
• 4 "Maintaining `a High Class of Respectability' in Negro Neighborhoods": Contestation and Congregation in Harlem's Geography of Vice and Leisure during the Prohibition Era 121
• 5 "Demand the Dismissal of Policemen Who Abuse the Privileges of Their Uniform": Racial Violence, Police Brutality, and Self-Protection 153
• Conclusion 187
• Notes 191
• Select Bibliography 231
• Index 247
• About the Author 255.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

2015 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Winner of the Anna Julia Cooper/CLR James Award for Outstanding Book in Africana Studies presented by the National Council for Black Studies Demonstrates how Harlemite's dynamic fight for their rights and neighborhood raised the black community's racial consciousness and established Harlem's legendary political culture In Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?, Shannon King vividly uncovers early twentieth century Harlem as an intersection between the black intellectuals and artists who created the New Negro Renaissance and the working class who found fought daily to combat institutionalized racism and gender discrimination in both Harlem and across the city. New Negro activists, such as Hubert Harrison and Frank Crosswaith, challenged local forms of economic and racial inequality in attempts to breakdown the structural manifestations that upheld them. Insurgent stay-at-home black mothers took negligent landlords to court, complaining to magistrates about the absence of hot water and heat in their apartment buildings. Black men and women, propelling dishes, bricks, and other makeshift weapons from their apartment windows and their rooftops, retaliated against hostile policemen harassing blacks on the streets of Harlem. From the turn of the twentieth century to the Great Depression, black Harlemites mobilized around local issues-such as high rents, jobs, leisure, and police brutality-to make their neighborhood an autonomous black community. In Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?, Shannon King demonstrates how, against all odds, the Harlemite's dynamic fight for their rights and neighborhood raised the black community's racial consciousness and established Harlem's legendary political culture. By the end of the 1920s, Harlem had experience a labor strike, a tenant campaign for affordable rents, and its first race riot. These public forms of protest and discontent represented the dress rehearsal for black mass mobilization in the 1930s and 1940s. By studying blacks' immense investment in community politics, King makes visible the hidden stirrings of a social movement deeply invested in a Black Harlem. Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway? Is a vibrant story of the shaping of a community during a pivotal time in American History.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Evidences of important changes in its ideals
• New energy is evident in Virginia
• Durham and the famous Duke Family
• Tolerance shown in North Carolina
• In the mill region of South Carolina
• Is the southern black man "making good"?
• Florida recovering from its depression
• Progress as noted in rural Aabama
• The present and the future of Birmingham
• Fiery Governor Vardaman of Mississippi
• Mississippi's land awaiting improvement
• What the levees are worth to Mississippi
• New Orleans and its bright future
• Texas, the land of mighty contrasts
• The awakening of Texas in agriculture
• On the vast plains of southern Texas
• Educational endowments in Texas
• Texas as a grain-growing state
• Unreliable labor responsible for its backwardness
• Rehabilitation is now almost complete.

In 1904 William Garrott Brown traveled the American South, investigating the region's political, economic, and social conditions. Using the pen name "Stanton, " Brown published twenty epistles in the Boston Evening Transcript detailing his observations. The South at Work is a compilation of these newspaper articles, providing a valuable snapshot of the South as it was simultaneously emerging from post-Civil War economic depression and imposing on African Americans the panoply of Jim Crow laws and customs that sought to exclude them from all but the lowest rungs of southern society. A Harvard-educated historian and journalist originally from Alabama, Brown had been commissioned by the Evening Transcript to visit a wide range of locations and to chronicle the region with a greater depth than that of typical travelers' accounts. Some articles featured familiar topics such as a tobacco warehouse in Durham, North Carolina; a textile mill in Columbia, South Carolina; and the vast steel mills at Birmingham. However, Brown also covered atypical enterprises such as citrus farming in Florida, the King Ranch in Texas, and the New Orleans Cotton Exchange. To add perspective, he talked to businessmen and politicians, as well as everyday workers. In addition to describing the importance of diversifying the South's agricultural economy beyond cotton, Brown addressed race relations and the role of politicians such as James K. Vardaman of Mississippi, the growth of African American communities such as Hayti in Durham, and the role universities played in changing the intellectual climate of the South. The editor, Bruce E. Baker, has written an introduction and provided thorough annotations for each of Brown's letters. Baker demonstrates the value of the collection as it touches on racism, moderate progressivism, and accommodation with the political status quo in the South. Baker and Brown's combined work makes The South at Work one of the most detailed and interesting portraits of the region at the beginning of the twentieth century. Publication in book form makes The South at Work conveniently available to students and scholars of modern southern and American history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: When the Levees Rose
• A Port City of the French Empire and the Greater Caribbean
• The City with Imaginary Walls: The Natchez Wars, Slave Unrest, and the Construction of a White Urban Community
• The Hustle and Bustle of City Life: The Politics of Public Space and Racial Formation
• "The Mulatto of the House": The Racial Line within Domestic Households and Residential Institutions
• "A Scandalous Commerce": The Disorder of Families
• "American Politics": Slavery, Labor, and Race
• "Everybody Wants to Be a Merchant": Trade, Credit, and Honor
• Lash of the Tongue, Lash of the Whip: The Formation and Transformation of Racial Categories and Practices
• From "Louisians" to "Louisianais": The Emergence of a Sense of Place and the Racial Divide
• Conclusion. From Louisiana to Saint-Domingue and from Saint-Domingue to Louisiana.

Combining Atlantic and imperial perspectives, Caribbean New Orleans offers a lively portrait of the city and a probing investigation of the French colonists who established racial slavery there as well as the African slaves who were forced to toil for them. Casting early New Orleans as a Caribbean outpost of the French Empire rather than as a North American frontier town, Cecile Vidal reveals the persistent influence of the Antilles, especially Saint-Domingue, which shaped the city's development through the eighteenth century. In so doing, she urges us to rethink our usual divisions of racial systems into mainland and Caribbean categories. Drawing on New Orleans's rich court records as a way to capture the words and actions of its inhabitants, Vidal takes us into the city's streets, market, taverns, church, hospitals, barracks, and households. She explores the challenges that slow economic development, Native American proximity, imperial rivalry, and the urban environment posed to a social order that was predicated on slave labor and racial hierarchy. White domination, Vidal demonstrates, was woven into the fabric of New Orleans from its founding. This comprehensive history of urban slavery locates Louisiana's capital on a spectrum of slave societies that stretched across the Americas and provides a magisterial overview of racial discourses and practices during the formative years of North America's most intriguing city.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Family crises or home remedies : defining the problems among African Americans and whites in the South, 1890s-1930s
• Yours for the cause of peace and brotherhood, 1930s-1960s
• The white man's holy institution of matrimony : massive resistance as a movement for family protection, 1950s-1960s
• The only American community where men call each other "brother" when they meet : redefining brotherhood and sisterhood in the 1960s
• "Hurtin' words, " "free bird, " and family values : defining family crises among white Southerners in the 1970s
• Not a problem people : rejecting family crisis in the 1970s and 1980s.

When Tammy Wynette sang ""D-I-V-O-R-C-E, "" she famously said she ""spelled out the hurtin' words"" to spare her child the pain of family breakup. In this innovative work, Ted Ownby considers how a wide range of writers, thinkers, activists, and others defined family problems in the twentieth-century American South. Ownby shows that it was common for both African Americans and whites to discuss family life in terms of crisis, but they reached very different conclusions about causes and solutions. In the civil rights period, many embraced an ideal of Christian brotherhood as a way of transcending divisions. Opponents of civil rights denounced ""brotherhoodism"" as a movement that undercut parental and religious authority. Others, especially in the African American community, rejected the idea of family crisis altogether, working to redefine family adaptability as a source of strength. Rather than attempting to define the experience of an archetypal ""southern family, "" Ownby looks broadly at contexts such as political and religious debates about divorce and family values, southern rock music, autobiographies, and more to reveal how people in the South used the concept of the family as a proxy for imagining a better future or happier past.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A world discovered
• Emilie Davis, 1863
• A world imagined
• A world created
• Emilie Davis, 1864
• A world of women
• A world expanded
• Emilie Davis, 1865
• A world where things are well
• Who's who.

In Notes from a Colored Girl, Karsonya Wise Whitehead examines the life and experiences of Emilie Frances Davis, a freeborn twenty-one-year-old mulatto woman, through a close reading of three pocket diaries she kept from 1863 to 1865. Whitehead explores Davis's worldviews and politics, her perceptions of both public and private events, her personal relationships, and her place in Philadelphia's free black community in the nineteenth century. Although Davis's daily entries are sparse, brief snapshots of her life, Whitehead interprets them in ways that situate Davis in historical and literary contexts that illuminate nineteenth-century black American women's experiences. Whitehead's contribution of edited text and original narrative fills a void in scholarly documentation of women who dwelled in spaces between white elites, black entrepreneurs, and urban dwellers of every race and class. Notes from a Colored Girl is a unique offering to the fields of history and documentary editing as the book includes both a six-chapter historical reconstruction of Davis's life and a full, heavily annotated edition of her Civil War-era pocket diaries. Drawing on scholarly traditions from history, literature, feminist studies, and sociolinguistics, Whitehead investigates Davis's diary both as a complete literary artefact and in terms of her specific daily entries. From a historical perspective, Whitehead re-creates the narrative of Davis's life for those three years and analyses the black community where she lived and worked. From a literary perspective, Whitehead examines Davis's diary as a socially, racially, and gendered nonfiction text. From a feminist studies perspective, she examines Davis's agency and identity, grounded in theories elaborated by black feminist scholars. And, from linguistic and rhetorical perspectives, she studies Davis's discourse about her interpersonal relationships, her work, and external events in her life in an effort to understand how she used language to construct her social, racial, and gendered identities. Since there are few primary sources written by black women during this time in history, Davis's diary--though ordinary in its content--is rendered extraordinary simply because it has survived to be included in this very small class of resources. Whitehead's extensive analysis illuminates the lives of many through the simple words of one.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A troublesome thing: invasion
• Ocean of ruins: destruction and rebirth
• A forgetfulness of the past: rebuilding the racial order
• Every contrivance of cruelty: violence and white supremacy in the new South
• We are rising: schooling the city
• Wheel within a wheel: competing visions
• The new South in crisis
• Epilogue: the propaganda of history.

After conquering Atlanta in the summer of 1864 and occupying it for two months, Union forces laid waste to the city in November. William T. Sherman's invasion was a pivotal moment in the history of the South and Atlanta's rebuilding over the following fifty years came to represent the contested meaning of the Civil War itself. The war's aftermath brought contentious transition from Old South to New for whites and African Americans alike. Historian William Link argues that this struggle defined the broader meaning of the Civil War in the modern South, with no place embodying the region's past and future more clearly than Atlanta. Link frames the city as both exceptional--because of the incredible impact of the war there and the city's phoenix-like postwar rise--and as a model for other southern cities. He shows how, in spite of the violent reimposition of white supremacy, freedpeople in Atlanta built a cultural, economic, and political centre that helped to define black America.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreigners : São Paulo, 1900-1925
• Fraternity : Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, 1925-1929
• Nationals : Salvador da Bahia and São Paulo, 1930-1945
• Democracy : São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, 1945-1950
• Difference : São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador da Bahia, 1950-1964
• Decolonization : Rio de Janeiro, Salvador da Bahia, and São Paulo, 1964-1985
• Epilogue : Brazil, 1985 to the new century.

In this history of black thought and racial activism in twentieth-century Brazil, Paulina Alberto demonstrates that black intellectuals, and not just elite white Brazilians, shaped discourses about race relations and the cultural and political terms of inclusion in their modern nation. Drawing on a wide range of sources, including the prolific black press of the era, and focusing on the influential urban centers of Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Salvador da Bahia, Alberto traces the shifting terms that black thinkers used to negotiate their citizenship over the course of the century, offering fresh insight into the relationship between ideas of race and nation in modern Brazil. Alberto finds that black intellectuals' ways of engaging with official racial discourses changed as broader historical trends made the possibilities for true inclusion appear to flow and then recede. These distinct political strategies, Alberto argues, were nonetheless part of black thinkers' ongoing attempts to make dominant ideologies of racial harmony meaningful in light of evolving local, national, and international politics and discourse. Terms of Inclusion tells a new history of the role of people of color in shaping and contesting the racialized contours of citizenship in twentieth-century Brazil.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Accidental Yankee : Bertram Wyatt-Brown and southern history / Charles Joyner
• What then makes an Indian? : the problem of identity in the early American Southeast / Andrew K. Frank
• The strange career of Gideon Gibson : an early American tragedy / Christopher Morris
• The politics of honor and masculinity : political culture in the Deep South, 1820s-1861 / Christopher J. Olsen
• 'We are Virginians for the time being' : antebellum Quakers and regional identity in the Upper South / A. Glenn Crothers
• 'Ohio villains' and 'pretenders to new revelations' : Wesleyan abolitionists in the South, perfectionism, and the antebellum religious divide / Randall J. Stephens
• The South and the revolutions of 1848 / Daniel Kilbride
• Abraham Lincoln and southern honor / Daniel W. Stowell
• 'Between death and dishonor' : defending Confederate womanhood during Sherman's March / Lisa Tendrich Frank
• 'Neither matron nor maid' : race, gender, class, and marriage in Jim Crow Texas / Stephanie Cole
• Voodoo in black and white / Jeffrey E. Anderson
• Donald Davidson and the segregationist intellect / Benjamin Houston
• The cross Florida Barge Canal and the politics of environmentalism / Chris Beckmann, Steven Noll, and David Tegeder
• Southern conservatism and its discontents : Mel Bradford and the American right / John J. Langdale III
• 'Freedom is a wonderful thing, but . . .' : god, race, and sex in the late twentieth century / Andrew S. Moore.

"A rich and diverse look at the many identities of a rich and diverse region. More than an homage to a gifted historian, it is a stand-alone, interdisciplinary inquiry into just how complicated this thing called 'the South' can be. It's all here, from literature to politics, race to religion, gender to genealogy, Old South to New--with voodoo and a doomed barge canal as added twists. Fascinating and absolutely up-to-date."--John Mayfield, author of Counterfeit Gentlemen "Honors a truly preeminent scholar with essays of very high quality and clear significance. No historian has assayed the 'southern character' more cogently than has Bertram Wyatt-Brown. From start to finish throughout this volume his former students affirm his great achievements and convincingly elaborate on them."--James Stewart, Macalester College emeritus Bertram Wyatt-Brown (b. 1932) is one of America's most recognized and quoted historians. His work on honor, war, manhood, and religion, as well as his deeply interdisciplinary approach, has profoundly influenced the way historians understand the South. The essays in this volume honor Wyatt-Brown and his work by using the concept of southern identities as a jumping-off point, examining a wide range of topics. Southern Character explores Quaker antislavery in Virginia, Lincoln's sense of southern honor, white and black uses of voodoo, contemporary southern conservatives' struggle for place, and the behavior of Confederate women during Sherman's invasion. More than a festschrift, this volume demonstrates that southern identity is plural, not monolithic, and reveals how the region's uniqueness marginalizes many populations that contribute to "southernness." Lisa Tendrich Frank is the editor of Women in the American Civil War: An Encyclopedia. She lives in Tallahassee, Florida. Daniel Kilbride, associateprofessor of history at John Carroll University, is the author of An American Aristocracy: Southern Planters in Antebellum Philadelphia. A volume in the series Southern Dissent, edited by Stanley Harrold and Randall M. Miller.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Asian American Racial Formation and the Image of American Democracy Legislating Nonwhite Crossings into White Suburbia Living in the Suburbs, Becoming Americans Asian American Firsts and the Progress toward Racial Integration McCarran Act Persecutions and the Fight for Alien Rights Advancing Racial Equality and Internationalism through Immigration Reform Conclusion: Cold War America and the Appeal to See Past Race Notes BibliographyIndex About the Author.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Winner, 2013-2014 Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature, Adult Non-Fiction presented by the Asian Pacific American Librarian Association During the Cold War, Soviet propaganda highlighted U.S. racism in order to undermine the credibility of U.S. democracy. In response, incorporating racial and ethnic minorities in order to affirm that America worked to ensure the rights of all and was superior to communist countries became a national imperative. In Citizens of Asian America , Cindy I-Fen Cheng explores how Asian Americans figured in this effort to shape the credibility of American democracy, even while the perceived "foreignness" of Asian Americans cast them as likely alien subversives whose activities needed monitoring following the communist revolution in China and the outbreak of the Korean War. While histories of international politics and U.S. race relations during the Cold War have largely overlooked the significance of Asian Americans, Cheng challenges the black-white focus of the existing historiography. She highlights how Asian Americans made use of the government's desire to be leader of the "free world" by advocating for civil rights reforms, such as housing integration, increased professional opportunities, and freedom from political persecution. Further, Cheng examines the liberalization of immigration policies, which worked not only to increase the civil rights of Asian Americans but also to improve the nation's ties with Asian countries, providing an opportunity for the U.S. government to broadcast, on a global scale, the freedom and opportunity that American society could offer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : nordeste and nation
• The nineteenth-century origins of the nordestino, 1850-1870
• Racial science in Pernambuco, 1870-1910
• The medicalization of nordestinos, 1910-1925
• Social hygiene : the science of reform, 1925-1940
• Mental hygiene : the science of character, 1925-1940
• Inventing the homem do nordeste : race, region, and the state, 1925-1940.

The Vigorous Core of Our Nationality explores conceptualizations of regional identity and a distinct population group known as nordestinos in northeastern Brazil during a crucial historical period. Beginning with the abolition of slavery and ending with the demise of the Estado Novo under Get lio Vargas, Stanley E. Blake offers original perspectives on the paradoxical concept of the nordestino and the importance of these debates to the process of state and nation building. Since colonial times, the Northeast has been an agricultural region based primarily on sugar production. The area's population was composed of former slaves and free men of African descent, indigenous Indians, European whites, and mulattos. The image of the nordestino was, for many years, linked with the predominant ethnic group in the region, the Afro-Brazilian. For political reasons, however, the conception of the nordestino later changed to more closely resemble white Europeans. Blake delves deeply into local archives and determines that politicians, intellectuals, and other urban professionals formulated identities based on theories of science, biomedicine, race, and social Darwinism. While these ideas served political, social, and economic agendas, they also inspired debates over social justice and led to reforms for both the region and the people. Additionally, Blake shows how debates over northeastern identity and the concept of the nordestino shaped similar arguments about Brazilian national identity and "true" Brazilian people.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Colonial period
• War of 1812 and Negro Fort
• Interracialism and resistance
• Running away
• Underground Railroad
• Civil War
• Conclusion.

"Before the abolition of slavery in the United States, Pensacola, Florida, was the site of extensive and enduring interracial resistance to slavery. In times of peace, fugitive slaves running to and from Pensacola encountered free men and women of various races, ethnicities, and nationalities--including farmers, laborers, mechanics, and seamen--who subsisted on the margins of society and had no vested interest in maintaining slavery or white supremacy. In times of war, they confronted soldiers and sailors who tried to demolish the foundation of slavery entirely. As a result, interracial resistance to slavery survived and often thrived in Pensacola in the century before the Civil War, and when the shockwaves of that revolutionary sectional conflict reverberated across the city, they proved vital to the institution's destruction"--Provided by publisher.

• Introduction: growing up within the double bind, 1930-1954
• Suppose they don't want us here? Mental mapping of Jim Crow New Orleans
• A street where girls were meddled: insults and street harassment
• Defending her honor: interracial sexual violence, silences, and respectability
• The geography of niceness: morality, anxiety, and Black girlhood
• Relationships unbecoming of a girl her age: sexual delinquency and the house of the good shepherd
• Make-believe land: pleasure in Black girl's lives
• Epilogue: Jim Crow girls, Hurricane Katrina women.

What was it like to grow up black and female in the segregated South? To answer this question, LaKisha Simmons blends social history and cultural studies, recreating children's streets and neighborhoods within Jim Crow New Orleans and offering a rare look into black girls' personal lives. Simmons argues that these children faced the difficult task of adhering to middle-class expectations of purity and respectability even as they encountered the daily realities of Jim Crow violence, which included interracial sexual aggression, street harassment, and presumptions of black girls' impurity. Simmons makes use of oral histories, the black and white press, social workers' reports, police reports, girls' fiction writing, and photography to tell the stories of individual girls: some from poor, working-class families; some from middle-class, ""respectable"" families; and some caught in the Jim Crow judicial system. These voices come together to create a group biography of ordinary girls living in an extraordinary time, girls who did not intend to make history but whose stories transform our understanding of both segregation and childhood.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Race and culture in an ever-changing South
• Advertising (early), African American stereotypes in
• African American landowners
• African influence
• Agriculture, race, and transnational labor
• Asian American narratives between black and white
• Asians, Mexicans, interracialism, and racial ambiguities
• Atlantic world
• Civil rights, African American
• Civil rights, Mexican American
• Convict lease system and peonage
• Criminal justice
• Etiquette of race relations in the Jim Crow South
• Evolution of the southern economy
• Jews, race, and southernness
• Labor, postbellum
• Literature
• Lynching and racial violence
• Medical care and public health
• Medical science, racial ideology, and practice, to reconstruction
• Migration, black
• Migration, Latino
• Migration, White
• Music, recordings
• Native American removal, l 1800-1840
• Native Americans and African Americans
• Pacific worlds and the south
• Racial terror and citizenship
• Racial uplift
• Religion, black
• Religion, Latino
• Religion, native American
• Religion, white supremacist
• Segregation, desegregation, and resegregation
• Segregationists use of media
• Slavery and emancipation
• Southern Indians and the problems of race
• Southern politics and race
• Sports and segregation/integration
• African Americans, Appalachian
• Afro-Cubans
• Afro-Seminole creole
• Alabama blacks to Mexico
• Armstrong, Louis
• Baker, Ella Jo
• The birth of a nation
• Black soldiers in Cuba and Puerto Rico
• Blues
• Bontemps, Arna
• Brown, Sterling Allen
• Chesnutt, Charles Waddell
• Chinese
• Cooper, Anna Julia Haywood
• Country music
• Delta
• Dixon, Thomas, Jr.
• Douglass, Frederick
• Du Bois, W.E.B.
• Faulkner, William
• French
• Hurston, Zora Neale
• Japanese American incarceration during World War II
• Jazz
• King, Martin Luther, Jr.
• Ku Klux Klan, civil rights era to the present
• Ku Klux Klan, reconstruction-era
• Ku Klux Klan, second (1915-1944)
• Mardi Gras Indians
• Martin Luther King Jr. Day
• Mason-Dixon line
• Memphis sanitation workers' strike
• Migrant workers
• Muscle shoals
• Police brutality in the urban south
• Rodgers, Jimmie
• Segregation and train travel
• Soul music
• Southern regional council
• State sovereignty commissions
• Stax records
• Till, Emmett
• Tuskegee Syphilis study
• Vietnamese
• Voting Rights Act (1965)
• Walker, Alice
• Walker, Margaret
• Washington, Booker T.
• WDIA
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B.
• Williams, Hank
• Wright, Richard.

• Race and Culture in an Ever-Changing South
• Advertising (Early), African American Stereotypes in / Grace Elizabeth Hale
• African American Landowners / Mark Schultz
• African Influences / John Michael Vlach
• Agriculture, Race, and Transnational Labor / Verónica Martínez Matsuda
• Asian American Narratives between Black and White / Leslie Bow
• Asians, Mexicans, Interracialism, and Racial Ambiguities / Julia María Schiavone Camacho
• Atlantic World / Zada Johnson And Shannon Lee Dawdy
• Civil Rights, African American / Waldo Martin
• Civil Rights, Mexican American / Brian D. Behnken
• Convict Lease System and Peonage / Paul M. Pruitt Jr.
• Criminal Justice / Seth Kotch
• Etiquette of Race Relations in the Jim Crow South / Jennifer Ritterhouse
• Evolution of the Southern Economy / Susan Eva O'Donovan
• Jews, Race, and Southernness / Allison Schottenstein
• Labor, Postbellum / Robert H. Zieger
• Literature / Charles Reagan Wilson.

• Lynching and Racial Violence / William I. Hair And Amy Louise Wood
• Medical Care and Public Health / Gretchen Long
• Medical Science, Racial Ideology, and Practice, to Reconstruction / Rana Asali Hogarth
• Migration, Black / James R. Grossman
• Migration, Latino / Owen J. Furuseth
• Migration, White / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Music, Recordings / Karl Hagstrom Miller
• Native American Removal, 1800-1840 / James Taylor Carson
• Native Americans and African Americans / Tiya Miles
• Pacific Worlds and the South / Moon-Ho Jung
• Racial Terror and Citizenship / Hannah Rosen
• Racial Uplift / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Religion, Black / Albert J. Raboteau
• Religion, Latino / Marie Friedmann Marquardt
• Religion, Native American / Joel Martin
• Religion, White Supremacist / Paul Harvey
• Segregation, Desegregation, and Resegregation / Jean Van Delinder
• Segregationists' Use of Media / George Lewis.

• Slavery and Emancipation / Nancy Bercaw
• Southern Indians and the Problem of Race / Theda Perdue
• Southern Politics and Race / Marvin P. King Jr.
• Sports and Segregation/Integration / Charles K. Ross
• African Americans, Appalachian / Michael Crutcher
• Afro-Cubans / Susan D. Greenbaum
• Afro-Seminole Creole / Ian Hancock
• Alabama Blacks to Mexico / John Mckiernan Gonzales
• Armstrong, Louis (1900-1971) Jazz Musician and Entertainer / Curtis D. Jerde
• Baker, Ella Jo (1903-1986) Civil Rights Activist / Sharon Harley
• The Birth of a Nation / Joan L. Silverman
• Black Soldiers in Cuba and Puerto Rico / Sherri Charleston
• Blues / Ali Colleen Neff
• Bontemps, Arna (1902-1973) Writer and Scholar / Jessica Foy
• Brown, Sterling Allen (1901-1989) Teacher, Poet, Literary Critic / Joni Johnson Williams
• Chesnutt, Charles Waddell (1858-1932) Writer / William L. Andrews
• Chinese / Melinda Chow
• Cooper, Anna Julia Haywood (1858-1964) Writer / Todd Vogel
• Country Music / Charles Reagan Wilson.

• Delta / James C. Cobb
• Dixon, Thomas, Jr. (1864-1946) Writer / Michele Gillespie
• Douglass, Frederick (1808-1895) Black Leader / David W. Blight
• Du Bois, W.E.B. (1868-1963) Historian, Sociologist, Editor, Novelist / Arnold Rampersad
• Faulkner, William (1897-1962) Writer / Carl E. Rollyson Jr.
• French / Michael D. Picone And Amanda Lafleur
• Hurston, Zora Neale (ca. 1901-1960) Writer and Folklorist / Elvin Holt
• Japanese American Incarceration during World War II / John Howard
• Jazz / Celeste Day Moore
• King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968) Civil Rights Leader / Lewis V. Baldwin
• Ku Klux Klan, Civil Rights Era to the Present / Stacia Gilliard-Matthews
• Ku Klux Klan, Reconstruction-Era / Elaine Frantz Parsons
• Ku Klux Klan, Second (1915-1944) / Kris Durocher And Amy Louise Wood
• Mardi Gras Indians / Joyce Marie Jackson
• Martin Luther King Jr. Day / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Mason-Dixon Line / Elizabeth M. Makowski.

• Memphis Sanitation Workers' Strike / Laurie B. Green
• Migrant Workers / David Griffith
• Muscle Shoals / Christopher M. Reali
• Police Brutality in the Urban South / Leonard N. Moore
• Rodgers, Jimmie (1897-1933) Country Music Singer / Nolan Porterfield
• Segregation and Train Travel / Grace Elizabeth Hale
• Soul Music / Christopher M. Reali
• Southern Regional Council / Anders Walker
• State Sovereignty Commissions / Yasuhiro Katagiri
• Stax Records / Ajay Kalra
• Till, Emmett (1941-1955) Civil Rights Martyr / Philip C. Kolin
• Tuskegee Syphilis Study / Rueben Warren
• Vietnamese / Eric Tang
• Voting Rights Act (1965) / Orville Vernon Burton
• Walker, Alice (b. 1944) Writer / Elizabeth Gaffney
• Walker, Margaret (1913-1998) Author / Ethel Young-Minor
• Washington, Booker T. (1856-1915) Educator / Louis R. Harlan
• WDIA / Bill Barlow
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B. (1862-1931) Journalist and Social Activist / Patricia A. Schechter
• Williams, Hank (1923-1953) Country Music Singer / Bill C. Malone
• Wright, Richard (1908-1960) Writer / John M. Reilly.

There is no denying that race is a critical issue in understanding the South. However, this concluding volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture challenges previous understandings, revealing the region's rich, ever-expanding diversity and providing new explorations of race relations. In 36 thematic and 29 topical essays, contributors examine such subjects as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Japanese American incarceration in the South, relations between African Americans and Native Americans, Chinese men adopting Mexican identities, Latino religious practices, and Vietnamese life in the region. Together the essays paint a nuanced portrait of how concepts of race in the South have influenced its history, art, politics, and culture beyond the familiar binary of black and white.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Race and culture in an ever-changing South
• Advertising (early), African American stereotypes in
• African American landowners
• African influence
• Agriculture, race, and transnational labor
• Asian American narratives between black and white
• Asians, Mexicans, interracialism, and racial ambiguities
• Atlantic world
• Civil rights, African American
• Civil rights, Mexican American
• Convict lease system and peonage
• Criminal justice
• Etiquette of race relations in the Jim Crow South
• Evolution of the southern economy
• Jews, race, and southernness
• Labor, postbellum
• Literature
• Lynching and racial violence
• Medical care and public health
• Medical science, racial ideology, and practice, to reconstruction
• Migration, black
• Migration, Latino
• Migration, White
• Music, recordings
• Native American removal, l 1800-1840
• Native Americans and African Americans
• Pacific worlds and the south
• Racial terror and citizenship
• Racial uplift
• Religion, black
• Religion, Latino
• Religion, native American
• Religion, white supremacist
• Segregation, desegregation, and resegregation
• Segregationists use of media
• Slavery and emancipation
• Southern Indians and the problems of race
• Southern politics and race
• Sports and segregation/integration
• African Americans, Appalachian
• Afro-Cubans
• Afro-Seminole creole
• Alabama blacks to Mexico
• Armstrong, Louis
• Baker, Ella Jo
• The birth of a nation
• Black soldiers in Cuba and Puerto Rico
• Blues
• Bontemps, Arna
• Brown, Sterling Allen
• Chesnutt, Charles Waddell
• Chinese
• Cooper, Anna Julia Haywood
• Country music
• Delta
• Dixon, Thomas, Jr.
• Douglass, Frederick
• Du Bois, W.E.B.
• Faulkner, William
• French
• Hurston, Zora Neale
• Japanese American incarceration during World War II
• Jazz
• King, Martin Luther, Jr.
• Ku Klux Klan, civil rights era to the present
• Ku Klux Klan, reconstruction-era
• Ku Klux Klan, second (1915-1944)
• Mardi Gras Indians
• Martin Luther King Jr. Day
• Mason-Dixon line
• Memphis sanitation workers' strike
• Migrant workers
• Muscle shoals
• Police brutality in the urban south
• Rodgers, Jimmie
• Segregation and train travel
• Soul music
• Southern regional council
• State sovereignty commissions
• Stax records
• Till, Emmett
• Tuskegee Syphilis study
• Vietnamese
• Voting Rights Act (1965)
• Walker, Alice
• Walker, Margaret
• Washington, Booker T.
• WDIA
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B.
• Williams, Hank
• Wright, Richard.

• Race and Culture in an Ever-Changing South
• Advertising (Early), African American Stereotypes in / Grace Elizabeth Hale
• African American Landowners / Mark Schultz
• African Influences / John Michael Vlach
• Agriculture, Race, and Transnational Labor / Verónica Martínez Matsuda
• Asian American Narratives between Black and White / Leslie Bow
• Asians, Mexicans, Interracialism, and Racial Ambiguities / Julia María Schiavone Camacho
• Atlantic World / Zada Johnson And Shannon Lee Dawdy
• Civil Rights, African American / Waldo Martin
• Civil Rights, Mexican American / Brian D. Behnken
• Convict Lease System and Peonage / Paul M. Pruitt Jr.
• Criminal Justice / Seth Kotch
• Etiquette of Race Relations in the Jim Crow South / Jennifer Ritterhouse
• Evolution of the Southern Economy / Susan Eva O'Donovan
• Jews, Race, and Southernness / Allison Schottenstein
• Labor, Postbellum / Robert H. Zieger
• Literature / Charles Reagan Wilson.

• Lynching and Racial Violence / William I. Hair And Amy Louise Wood
• Medical Care and Public Health / Gretchen Long
• Medical Science, Racial Ideology, and Practice, to Reconstruction / Rana Asali Hogarth
• Migration, Black / James R. Grossman
• Migration, Latino / Owen J. Furuseth
• Migration, White / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Music, Recordings / Karl Hagstrom Miller
• Native American Removal, 1800-1840 / James Taylor Carson
• Native Americans and African Americans / Tiya Miles
• Pacific Worlds and the South / Moon-Ho Jung
• Racial Terror and Citizenship / Hannah Rosen
• Racial Uplift / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Religion, Black / Albert J. Raboteau
• Religion, Latino / Marie Friedmann Marquardt
• Religion, Native American / Joel Martin
• Religion, White Supremacist / Paul Harvey
• Segregation, Desegregation, and Resegregation / Jean Van Delinder
• Segregationists' Use of Media / George Lewis.

• Slavery and Emancipation / Nancy Bercaw
• Southern Indians and the Problem of Race / Theda Perdue
• Southern Politics and Race / Marvin P. King Jr.
• Sports and Segregation/Integration / Charles K. Ross
• African Americans, Appalachian / Michael Crutcher
• Afro-Cubans / Susan D. Greenbaum
• Afro-Seminole Creole / Ian Hancock
• Alabama Blacks to Mexico / John Mckiernan Gonzales
• Armstrong, Louis (1900-1971) Jazz Musician and Entertainer / Curtis D. Jerde
• Baker, Ella Jo (1903-1986) Civil Rights Activist / Sharon Harley
• The Birth of a Nation / Joan L. Silverman
• Black Soldiers in Cuba and Puerto Rico / Sherri Charleston
• Blues / Ali Colleen Neff
• Bontemps, Arna (1902-1973) Writer and Scholar / Jessica Foy
• Brown, Sterling Allen (1901-1989) Teacher, Poet, Literary Critic / Joni Johnson Williams
• Chesnutt, Charles Waddell (1858-1932) Writer / William L. Andrews
• Chinese / Melinda Chow
• Cooper, Anna Julia Haywood (1858-1964) Writer / Todd Vogel
• Country Music / Charles Reagan Wilson.

• Delta / James C. Cobb
• Dixon, Thomas, Jr. (1864-1946) Writer / Michele Gillespie
• Douglass, Frederick (1808-1895) Black Leader / David W. Blight
• Du Bois, W.E.B. (1868-1963) Historian, Sociologist, Editor, Novelist / Arnold Rampersad
• Faulkner, William (1897-1962) Writer / Carl E. Rollyson Jr.
• French / Michael D. Picone And Amanda Lafleur
• Hurston, Zora Neale (ca. 1901-1960) Writer and Folklorist / Elvin Holt
• Japanese American Incarceration during World War II / John Howard
• Jazz / Celeste Day Moore
• King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968) Civil Rights Leader / Lewis V. Baldwin
• Ku Klux Klan, Civil Rights Era to the Present / Stacia Gilliard-Matthews
• Ku Klux Klan, Reconstruction-Era / Elaine Frantz Parsons
• Ku Klux Klan, Second (1915-1944) / Kris Durocher And Amy Louise Wood
• Mardi Gras Indians / Joyce Marie Jackson
• Martin Luther King Jr. Day / Charles Reagan Wilson
• Mason-Dixon Line / Elizabeth M. Makowski.

• Memphis Sanitation Workers' Strike / Laurie B. Green
• Migrant Workers / David Griffith
• Muscle Shoals / Christopher M. Reali
• Police Brutality in the Urban South / Leonard N. Moore
• Rodgers, Jimmie (1897-1933) Country Music Singer / Nolan Porterfield
• Segregation and Train Travel / Grace Elizabeth Hale
• Soul Music / Christopher M. Reali
• Southern Regional Council / Anders Walker
• State Sovereignty Commissions / Yasuhiro Katagiri
• Stax Records / Ajay Kalra
• Till, Emmett (1941-1955) Civil Rights Martyr / Philip C. Kolin
• Tuskegee Syphilis Study / Rueben Warren
• Vietnamese / Eric Tang
• Voting Rights Act (1965) / Orville Vernon Burton
• Walker, Alice (b. 1944) Writer / Elizabeth Gaffney
• Walker, Margaret (1913-1998) Author / Ethel Young-Minor
• Washington, Booker T. (1856-1915) Educator / Louis R. Harlan
• WDIA / Bill Barlow
• Wells-Barnett, Ida B. (1862-1931) Journalist and Social Activist / Patricia A. Schechter
• Williams, Hank (1923-1953) Country Music Singer / Bill C. Malone
• Wright, Richard (1908-1960) Writer / John M. Reilly.

There is no denying that race is a critical issue in understanding the South. However, this concluding volume of The New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture challenges previous understandings, revealing the region's rich, ever-expanding diversity and providing new explorations of race relations. In 36 thematic and 29 topical essays, contributors examine such subjects as the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, Japanese American incarceration in the South, relations between African Americans and Native Americans, Chinese men adopting Mexican identities, Latino religious practices, and Vietnamese life in the region. Together the essays paint a nuanced portrait of how concepts of race in the South have influenced its history, art, politics, and culture beyond the familiar binary of black and white.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of IllustrationsSeries PrefaceAcknowledgmentsIntroduction1. From the First Removal to the Second, 1830-18982. From the Second Removal to Recognition, 1898-19183. Establishment of the Agency, 1918-19304. The Choctaw Agency and the Patronage Economy, 1918-19305. The Depression and the Indian New Deal, 1929-19456. The Choctaw Tribal Council, 1945-19657. Termination, Segregation, and Choctaw Nation Building, 1951-19648. Relocation, Resistance, and Civil Rights, 1951-1964Epilogue and Conclusions: Choctaw Juridical Status and Self-Determination, 1964-1977List of AbbreviationsNotesBibliographyIndex.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

When the Choctaws were removed from their Mississippi homeland to Indian Territory in 1830, several thousand remained behind, planning to take advantage of Article 14 in the removal treaty, which promised that any Choctaws who wished to remain in Mississippi could apply for allotments of land. When the remaining Choctaws applied for their allotments, however, the government reneged, and the Choctaws were left dispossessed and impoverished. Thus begins the history of the Mississippi Choctaws as a distinct people. Despite overwhelming poverty and significant racial prejudice in the rural South, the Mississippi Choctaws managed, over the course of a century and a half, to maintain their ethnic identity, persuade the Office of Indian Affairs to provide them with services and lands, create a functioning tribal government, and establish a prosperous and stable reservation economy. The Choctaws' struggle against segregation in the 1950s and 1960s is an overlooked story of the civil rights movement, and this study of white supremacist support for Choctaw tribalism considerably complicates our understanding of southern history. Choctaw Resurgence in Mississippi traces the Choctaw's remarkable tribal rebirth, attributing it to their sustained political and social activism.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine generated contents note: 1. California Crossroads
• 2. Young Travelers
• 3. Guess Who's Joining Us for Dinner?
• 4. Banding Together in Crisis
• 5. Minority Brothers in Arms
• 6. Panethnic Politics Arising from the Everyday.

What happens in a society so diverse that no ethnic group can call itself the majority? Exploring a question that has profound relevance for the nation as a whole, this study looks closely at eclectic neighborhoods in California where multiple minorities constituted the majority during formative years of the twentieth century. In a lively account, woven throughout with vivid voices and experiences drawn from interviews, ethnic newspapers, and memoirs, Allison Varzally examines everyday interactions among the Asian, Mexican, African, Native, and Jewish Americans, and others who lived side by side. What she finds is that in shared city spaces across California, these diverse groups mixed and mingled as students, lovers, worshippers, workers, and family members and, along the way, expanded and reconfigured ethnic and racial categories in new directions.