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• Part I: Creating the Paradigm: Racial Hierarchy1. Constructing Racial Categories from the Nation's Founding to the Civil War
• 2. Maintaining White Dominance during Reconstruction3. Preventing Black Excellence between Plessy and BrownPart II: Sustaining the Paradigm: White Isolation and Black Separation and Subordination4. Maintaining Racial Segregation in Schools and Neighborhoods from Brown to the 21st Century
• 5. Victimizing Blacks in the 21st Century Part III: Ending the Paradigm: Building a Post-Racial America6. Black Empowerment and Self-Help7. Integration and Equality.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A provocative, and timely, solution for ridding America of the traces of Jim Crow policies to create a truly post-racial landscape When America inaugurated its first African American president, in 2009, many wondered if the country had finally become a "post-racial" society. Was this the dawning of a new era, in which America, a nation nearly severed in half by slavery, and whose racial fault lines are arguably among its most enduring traits, would at last move beyond race with the election of Barack Hussein Obama? In Ghosts of Jim Crow, F. Michael Higginbotham convincingly argues that America remains far away from that imagined utopia. Indeed, the shadows of Jim Crow era laws and attitudes continue to perpetuate insidious, systemic prejudice and racism in the 21st century. Higginbotham's extensive research demonstrates how laws and actions have been used to maintain a racial paradigm of hierarchy and separation-both historically, in the era of lynch mobs and segregation, and today-legally, economically, educationally and socially. Using history as a roadmap, Higginbotham arrives at a provocative solution for ridding the nation of Jim Crow's ghost, suggesting that legal and political reform can successfully create a post-racial America, but only if it inspires whites and blacks to significantly alter behaviors and attitudes of race-based superiority and victimization. He argues that America will never achieve its full potential unless it truly enters a post-racial era, and believes that time is of the essence as competition increases globally.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• List of Hopkinsville Informants
• Introduction
• 1. Mr. Jack Johnson and Me
• 2. The Werewolf of Woolworth's
• 3. Knee Baby Watkins
• 4. Cousin Blind Mary
• 5. Papa Was a Democrat
• 6. Mr. Beefer Jones
• 7. High on the Hog
• 8. The Birth of a Notion
• 9. Rat Joiner Whips the Kaiser
• 10. The Revolt of the Evil Fairies
• Notes
• Sources

Preserving an engaging, little-known slice of American life, "The Dark Side of Hopkinsville" is a collection of ten picaresque tales bearing witness to a black child's life in a southern town at the turn of the century.Born and reared in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, Ted Poston (1906-1974) became the first black career-long reporter for a major metropolitan daily (the "New York Post") and served as a member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Negro Cabinet" in Washington in 1940. After thirty-five years at the "Post, " Poston was without question the "Dean of Black Journalists." Acquainted with the major figures of the Harlem Renaissance, Poston regaled his associates with tales of his childhood. These memories resulted in the stories collected in "The Dark Side of Hopkinsville." Told from the vantage point of "Ted, " a bright, high-spirited student at Booker T. Washington Colored Grammar School, the stories focus on a coterie of imaginative children, their entertainments and games, ties to the church, and relations with immediate and extended families. The memorable, recurring characters in the stories are based on individuals Poston knew: Cousin Blind Mary, a fortune teller who can see into someone's future only after consulting with the servants of the family in question; Ted's father, Ephraim, "the only Negro Democrat in our Hopkinsville, Kentucky, or in the whole state of Kentucky for that matter"; Fertilizer Ferguson, whom Ted credits with coining the phrase "eating higher up on the hog"; and Ted's schoolmate Knee Baby Watkins, the "catalytic agent who precipitated the most disasterous social feud in the history of Hopkinsville." Though the presence of prejudice--both within and outside the race--is acknowledged throughout the stories, that social reality does not lessen the characters' exuberant enjoyment of being young. After watching Bronco Billy and his black sidekick, Pistol Pete, at the nickel movie on Saturdays, Ted and his friends make Pistol Pete the hero and Bronco Billy the sidekick of their games in "The Werewolf of Woolworth's." In "The Revolt of the Evil Fairies, " Ted uses Palmer's Skin Success ("guaranteed to give you a light complexion in just seven days") so that he can play Prince Charming opposite his fair-skinned sweetheart in the school play. Kathleen A. Hauke has annotated the stories with recollections of the author's family and friends, who are often major characters in the stories. An extended biographical and critical introduction offers background information on the life and work of Ted Poston, and on old Hopkinsville and its residents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Voices of slavery
• Owning slaves
• The Civil War in Arkansas and the refashioning of black identity
• Reconstruction
• Redeemers
• The coming of Jim Crow
• Jeff Davis and his legacy
• The Elaine race massacres
• The aftermath of the Elaine race massacres and the twenties
• The Great Depression and the Southern Tenant Farmer's Union
• The beginning challenge to Jim Crow
• Brown v. Board of Education and the Central High crisis
• Wandering in the wilderness of race : 1957-1960
• The Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee years
• Brothers against brothers
• The impact of the death of Martin Luther King Jr.
• Marianna
• The seventies : no rest for those weary of race
• The eighties and nineties : so far to go
• Race relations in the twenty-first century.

From the Civil War to Reconstruction, the Redeemer period, Jim Crow, and the modern civil rights era to the present, Ruled by Race describes the ways that race has been at the center of much of the state's formation and image since its founding. Grif Stockley uses the work of published and unpublished historians and exhaustive primary source materials along with stories from authors as diverse as Maya Angelou and E. Lynn Harris to bring to life the voices of those who have both studied and lived the racial experience in Arkansas. --From publisher's description.

• Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction
• 1. Jack Woofter-The Education of a Southern Liberal
• 2. Thomas Jesse Jones and Negro Education
• 3. Migration and War
• 4. Will Alexander and the Commission on Interracial Cooperation
• 5. Dorsey, Dyer, and Lynching
• 6. The Limits of Interracial Cooperation
• 7. Northern Money and Race Studies
• 8. Howard Odum and the Institute for Research in Social Science Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Founded by white males, the interracial cooperation movement flourished in the American South in the years before the New Deal. The movement sought local dialogue between the races, improvement of education, and reduction of interracial violence, tending the flame of white liberalism until the emergence of white activists in the 1930s and after. Thomas Jackson (Jack) Woofter Jr., a Georgia sociologist and an authority on American race relations, migration, rural development, population change, and social security, maintained an unshakable faith in the "effectiveness of cooperation rather than agitation." Race Harmony and Black Progress examines the movement and the tenacity of a man who epitomized its spirit and shortcomings. It probes the movement's connections with late 19th-century racial thought, Northern philanthropy, black education, state politics, the Du Bois-Washington controversy, the decline of lynching, the growth of the social sciences, and New Deal campaigns for social justice.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface : reflections of a black ambassador / Walter C. Carrington
• Blacks in the U.S. diplomatic and consular services, 1869-1924 / Allison Blakely
• A new Negro foreign policy : the critical vision of Alain Locke and Ralph Bunche / Jeffrey C. Stewart
• Carl Rowan and the dilemma of civil rights, propaganda, and the Cold War / Michael L. Krenn
• Reconstruction's revival : the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention and the roots of black populist diplomacy / Brandi Hughes
• White shame/black agency : race as a weapon in post-World War I diplomacy / Vera Ingrid Grant
• Goodwill ambassadors : African American athletes and U.S. cultural diplomacy, 1947-1969 / Damion Thomas
• The paradox of jazz diplomacy : race and culture in the Cold War / Lisa Davenport
• African American representatives in the United Nations : from Ralph Bunche to Susan Rice / Lorenzo Morris
• Obama, African Americans, and Africans : the double vision / Ibrahim Sundiata
• Epilogue : the impact of African Americans on U.S. foreign policy / Charles R. Stith.

Bookended by remarks from African American diplomats Walter C. Carrington and Charles Stith, the essays in this volume use close readings of speeches, letters, historical archives, diaries, and memoirs of policymakers and newly available FBI files to confront much-neglected questions related to race and foreign relations in the United States. Why, for instance, did African Americans profess loyalty and support for the diplomatic initiatives of a nation that undermined their social, political, and economic well-being through racist policies and cultural practices? Other contributions explore African Americans' history in the diplomatic and consular services and the influential roles of cultural ambassadors like Joe Louis and Louis Armstrong. The volume concludes with an analysis of the effects on race and foreign policy in the administration of Barack Obama. Groundbreaking and critical, African Americans in U.S. Foreign Policy expands on the scope and themes of recent collections to offer the most up-to-date scholarship to students in a range of disciplines, including U.S. and African American history, Africana studies, political science, and American studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; I. The Peculiar Institution;
• 1. Slavery in Virginia, 1619-1660: A Reexamination;
• 2. Denmark Vesey's Peculiar Reality; II. Race and Slavery in Antebellum Northern Politics;
• 3. The Republican Party and the Slave Power;
• 4. Race and Politics in the Northern Democracy, 1854-1860; III. Civil War and Reconstruction;
• 5. The Creation of Confederate Loyalties;
• 6. ""Blues Falling Down Like Hail"": The Ordeal of Black Freedom;
• 7. Grant and the Freedmen; IV. Past in Present: The Long Aftermath of War.

• 8. The Present Becomes the Past: The Planter Class in the Postbellum South9. ""Firm Flexibility"": Perspectives on Desegregation in South Carolina;
• 10. The Soul Is Fled; Contributors; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; V; W; X; Y; Z.

For more than three decades race relations have been at the forefront of historical research in America. These new essays on race and slavery-some by highly regarded, award-winning veterans in the field and others by talented newcomers-point in fresh directions. They address specific areas of contention even as together they survey important questions across four centuries of social, cultural, and political history. Looking at the institution itself, Robert McColley reconsiders the origins of black slavery in America, while William W. Freehling presents a striking interpretation of the Denmark Vesey slave conspiracy of 1822. In the political arena, William E. Gienapp and Stephen E. Maizlish assess the power of race and slave issues in, respectively, the Republican and Democratic parties of the 1850s. For the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, Reid Mitchell profiles the consciousness of the average Confederate soldier, while Leon F. Litwack explores the tasks facing freed slaves. Arthur Zilversmit switches the perspective to Washington with a reevaluation of Grant's commitments to the freedmen. Essays on the twentieth century focus on the South. James Oakes traces the rising fortunes of the supposedly vanquished planter class as it entered this century. Moving to more recent times, John G. Sproat looks at the role of South Carolina's white moderates during the struggle over segregation in the late 1950s and early 1960s and their failure at Orangeburg in 1968. Finally, Joel Williamson assesses what the loss of slavery has meant to southern culture in the 120 years since the end of the Civil War. A wide-ranging yet cohesive exploration, New Perspectives on Race and Slavery in America takes on added significance as a volume that honors Kenneth M. Stampp, the mentor of all the authors and long considered one of the great modern pioneers in the history of slavery and the Civil War.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgments; Introduction; I. The Peculiar Institution;
• 1. Slavery in Virginia, 1619-1660: A Reexamination;
• 2. Denmark Vesey's Peculiar Reality; II. Race and Slavery in Antebellum Northern Politics;
• 3. The Republican Party and the Slave Power;
• 4. Race and Politics in the Northern Democracy, 1854-1860; III. Civil War and Reconstruction;
• 5. The Creation of Confederate Loyalties;
• 6. ""Blues Falling Down Like Hail"": The Ordeal of Black Freedom;
• 7. Grant and the Freedmen; IV. Past in Present: The Long Aftermath of War.

• 8. The Present Becomes the Past: The Planter Class in the Postbellum South9. ""Firm Flexibility"": Perspectives on Desegregation in South Carolina;
• 10. The Soul Is Fled; Contributors; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; V; W; X; Y; Z.

For more than three decades race relations have been at the forefront of historical research in America. These new essays on race and slavery-some by highly regarded, award-winning veterans in the field and others by talented newcomers-point in fresh directions. They address specific areas of contention even as together they survey important questions across four centuries of social, cultural, and political history. Looking at the institution itself, Robert McColley reconsiders the origins of black slavery in America, while William W. Freehling presents a striking interpretation of the Denmark Vesey slave conspiracy of 1822. In the political arena, William E. Gienapp and Stephen E. Maizlish assess the power of race and slave issues in, respectively, the Republican and Democratic parties of the 1850s. For the Civil War and Reconstruction eras, Reid Mitchell profiles the consciousness of the average Confederate soldier, while Leon F. Litwack explores the tasks facing freed slaves. Arthur Zilversmit switches the perspective to Washington with a reevaluation of Grant's commitments to the freedmen. Essays on the twentieth century focus on the South. James Oakes traces the rising fortunes of the supposedly vanquished planter class as it entered this century. Moving to more recent times, John G. Sproat looks at the role of South Carolina's white moderates during the struggle over segregation in the late 1950s and early 1960s and their failure at Orangeburg in 1968. Finally, Joel Williamson assesses what the loss of slavery has meant to southern culture in the 120 years since the end of the Civil War. A wide-ranging yet cohesive exploration, New Perspectives on Race and Slavery in America takes on added significance as a volume that honors Kenneth M. Stampp, the mentor of all the authors and long considered one of the great modern pioneers in the history of slavery and the Civil War.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction Mischa Honeck, Martin Klimke, and Anne Kuhlmann
• PART I: SAINTS AND SLAVES, MOORS AND HESSIANS
• Chapter 1. The Calenberg Altarpiece: Black African Christians in Renaissance Germany Paul Kaplan
• Chapter 2. The Black Diaspora in Europe in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries, with Special Reference to German-Speaking Areas Kate Lowe
• Chapter 3. Ambiguous Duty: Black Servants at German Ancien Regime Courts Anne Kuhlmann
• Chapter 4. Real and Imagined Africans in German Court divertissements Rashid-S. Pegah
• Chapter 5. From American Slaves to Hessian Subjects: Silenced Black Narratives of the American Revolution Maria Diedrich PART II: FROM ENLIGHTENMENT TO EMPIRE
• Chapter 6. The German Reception of African American Writers in the Long Nineteenth Century Heike Paul
• Chapter 7. "On the Brain of the Negro": Race, Abolitionism, and Friedrich Tiedemann's Scientific Discourse on the African Diaspora Jeannette Eileen Jones
• Chapter 8. Liberating Sojourns? African American Travelers in Mid-Nineteenth-Century Germany Mischa Honeck
• Chapter 9. Global Proletarians, Uncle Toms and Native Savages: The Antinomies of Black Identity in Nineteenth-Century Germany Bradley Naranch
• Chapter 10. We Shall Make Farmers of Them Yet: Tuskegee's Uplift Ideology in German Togoland Kendahl Radcliffe
• Chapter 11. Education and Migration: Cameroonian School Children and Apprentices in the German Metropole, 1884-1914 Robert Aitken Afterword: Africans in Europe: New Perspectives Dirk Hoerder Select Bibliography Notes on Contributors Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The rich history of encounters prior to World War I between people from German-speaking parts of Europe and people of African descent has gone largely unnoticed in the historical literature - not least because Germany became a nation and engaged in colonization much later than other European nations. This volume presents intersections of Black and German history over eight centuries while mapping continuities and ruptures in Germans' perceptions of Blacks. Juxtaposing these intersections demonstrates that negative German perceptions of Blackness proceeded from nineteenth-century racial theories, and that earlier constructions of "race" were far more differentiated. The contributors present a wide range of Black - German encounters, from representations of Black saints in religious medieval art to Black Hessians fighting in the American Revolutionary War, from Cameroonian children being educated in Germany to African American agriculturalists in Germany's protectorate, Togoland. Each chapter probes individual and collective responses to these intercultural points of contact.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : Wilmington and the 1898 mentality
• Vigilante injustice
• The making of a movement
• They're taking our boys away to prison
• Alliances and adversity
• Free the Wilmington Ten at once!
• Conclusion : the tragedy of the Ten and the rise of a new black politics.

In February 1971, racial tension surrounding school desegregation in Wilmington, North Carolina, culminated in four days of violence and skirmishes between white vigilantes and black residents. The turmoil resulted in two deaths, six injuries, more than $500,000 in damage, and the firebombing of a white-owned store, before the National Guard restored uneasy peace. Despite glaring irregularities in the subsequent trial, ten young persons were convicted of arson and conspiracy and then sentenced to a total of 282 years in prison. They became known internationally as the Wilmington Ten. A powerful movement arose within North Carolina and beyond to demand their freedom, and after several witnesses admitted to perjury, a federal appeals court, also citing prosecutorial misconduct, overturned the convictions in 1980. Kenneth Janken narrates the dramatic story of the Ten, connecting their story to a larger arc of Black Power and the transformation of post-Civil Rights era political organizing. Grounded in extensive interviews, newly declassified government documents, and archival research, this book thoroughly examines the 1971 events and the subsequent movement for justice that strongly influenced the wider African American freedom struggle.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; INTRODUCTION: Region, Race, and Identities; 1 Finding the Black South; 2 Post-Soul Blues; 3 Not Stud'n' 'em White Folks; 4 Belles, Guls, and Country Boys; 5 Southern Is the New Black; CONCLUSION: Black Identity Redux; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; W; Y.

When Zandria Robinson returned home to interview African Americans in Memphis, she was often greeted with some version of the caution ""I hope you know this ain't Chicago."" In this important new work, Robinson critiques ideas of black identity constructed through a northern lens and situates African Americans as central shapers of contemporary southern culture. Analytically separating black southerners from their migrating cousins, fictive kin, and white counterparts, Robinson demonstrates how place intersects with race, class, gender, and regional identities and differences. Robinson grounds her work in Memphis--the first big city heading north out of the Mississippi Delta. Although Memphis sheds light on much about the South, Robinson does not suggest that the region is monolithic. Instead, she attends to multiple Souths, noting the distinctions between southern places. Memphis, neither Old South nor New South, sits at the intersections of rural and urban, soul and post-soul, and civil rights and post-civil rights, representing an ongoing conversation with the varied incarnations of the South, past and present.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures Acknowledgments Introduction, by Andrew M. Fearnley and Daniel Matlin Part I: Mythologies
• 1. From Prophecy to Preservation: Harlem as Temporal Vector, by Andrew M. Fearnley
• 2. Class, Gender, and Community in Harlem Sketches: Representing Black Urban Modernity in Interwar African American Newspapers, by Clare Corbould
• 3. Harlem: The Making of a Ghetto Discourse, by Daniel Matlin
• 4. What's the Matter with Baby Sister?: Chester Himes's Struggles to Film Harlem, by Paula J. Massood Part II: Models
• 5. Harlem's Difference, by Winston James
• 6. Black Women's Intellectual Labor and the Social Spaces of Black Radical Thought in Harlem, by Minkah Makalani
• 7. Harlem as Culture Capital in 1920s African American Fiction, by Cheryl A. Wall
• 8. City of Numbers: Rethinking Harlem's Place in Black Business History, by Shane White
• 9. Harlem, USA: Capital of the Black Freedom Movement, by Brian Purnell
• 10. Richard Bruce Nugent and the Queer Memory of Harlem, by Dorothea Loebbermann Part III: Black No More?
• 11. Race, Class, and Gentrification in Harlem Since 1980, by Themis Chronopoulos
• 12. When Harlem Was in Vogue Magazine, by John L. Jackson Jr. Harlem: An Afterword, by Farah Jasmine Griffin Contributors Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For close to a century, Harlem has been the iconic black neighborhood widely seen as the heart of African American life and culture, both celebrated as the vanguard of black self-determination and lamented as the face of segregation. But with Harlem's demographic, physical, and commercial landscapes rapidly changing, the neighborhood's status as a setting and symbol of black political and cultural life looks uncertain. As debate swirls around Harlem's present and future, Race Capital? revisits a century of the area's history, culture, and imagery, exploring how and why it achieved its distinctiveness and significance and offering new accounts of Harlem's evolving symbolic power. In this book, leading scholars consider crucial aspects of Harlem's social, political, and intellectual history; its artistic, cultural, and economic life; and its representation across an array of media and genres. Together they reveal a community at once local and transnational, coalescing and conflicted; one that articulated new visions of a cosmopolitan black modernity while clashing over distinctions of ethnicity, gender, class, and sexuality. Topics explored include Harlem as a literary phenomenon; recent critiques of Harlem exceptionalism; gambling and black business history; the neighborhood's transnational character; its importance in the black freedom struggle; black queer spaces; and public policy and neighborhood change in historical context. Spanning a century, from the emergence of the Harlem Renaissance to present-day controversies over gentrification, Race Capital? models new Harlem scholarship that interrogates exceptionalism while taking seriously the importance of place and locality, offering vistas onto new directions for African American and diasporic studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of Maps and Figures; Preface; 1 The Trauma of Racial Change; 2 The Making of a Rowhouse Neighborhood; 3 Continuity and Undercurrents of Change; 4 A White Community Responds to Change; 5 African American Pioneers; 6 The Legacy of Blockbusting; Appendices; Appendix A: Suggested Reading ; Appendix B: Home Ownership on Selected Blocks, 1955-1973 ; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Y.

In Blockbusting in Baltimore W. Edward Orser examines Edmondson Village, a west Baltimore rowhouse community where an especially acute instance of blockbusting triggered white flight and racial change on a dramatic scale. Between 1955 and 1965, nearly twenty thousand white residents, who saw their secure world changing drastically, were replaced by blacks in search of the American dream. By buying low and selling high, playing on fears of whites and needs of African Americans, blockbusters set off a series of events that Orser calls "a collective trauma whose significance for recent American social and cultural history is still insufficiently appreciated and understood." Blockbusting in Baltimore describes a widely experienced but little analyzed phenomenon of recent social history. Orser makes an important contribution to community and urban studies, race relations, and records of the African American experience.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A word about race
• Birth of a race
• On immigration, citizenship, and being "nott-Black"
• The Negro, "incarnation of America"
• Color and class
• The civil rights movement
• Black Power
• Black Americans : a changing demographic
• The "truly disadvantaged"
• The "privileged class"
• Reimagining America.

A fascinating and challenging inquiry into black identity and its shifting meaning throughout U.S. history Scientific research has now established that race should be understood as a social construct, not a true biological division of humanity. In Imagining Black America, Michael Wayne explores the construction and reconstruction of black America from the arrival of the first Africans in Jamestown in 1619 to Barack Obama's reelection. Races have to be imagined into existence and constantly reimagined as circumstances change, Wayne argues, and as a consequence the boundaries of black America have historically been contested terrain. He discusses the emergence in the nineteenth century-and the erosion, during the past two decades-of the notorious "one-drop rule." He shows how significant periods of social transformation-emancipation, the Great Migration, the rise of the urban ghetto, and the Civil Rights Movement-raised major questions for black Americans about the defining characteristics of their racial community. And he explores how factors such as class, age, and gender have influenced perceptions of what it means to be black. Wayne also considers how slavery and its legacy have defined freedom in the United States. Black Americans, he argues, because of their deep commitment to the promise of freedom and the ideals articulated by the Founding Fathers, became and remain quintessential Americans-the "incarnation of America, " in the words of the civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Contents
• Acknowledgments ix
• Introduction 1
• 1 The Making of the Negro Mecca: Harlem and the Struggle for Community Rights 13
• 2 "Not to Save the Union but to `Free the Slaves'": Black Labor Activism and Community Politics during the New Negro Era 53
• 3 "Colored People Have Few Places to Which They Can Move": Tenants, Landlords, and Community Mobilization 93
• 4 "Maintaining `a High Class of Respectability' in Negro Neighborhoods": Contestation and Congregation in Harlem's Geography of Vice and Leisure during the Prohibition Era 121
• 5 "Demand the Dismissal of Policemen Who Abuse the Privileges of Their Uniform": Racial Violence, Police Brutality, and Self-Protection 153
• Conclusion 187
• Notes 191
• Select Bibliography 231
• Index 247
• About the Author 255.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

2015 Choice Outstanding Academic Title Winner of the Anna Julia Cooper/CLR James Award for Outstanding Book in Africana Studies presented by the National Council for Black Studies Demonstrates how Harlemite's dynamic fight for their rights and neighborhood raised the black community's racial consciousness and established Harlem's legendary political culture In Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?, Shannon King vividly uncovers early twentieth century Harlem as an intersection between the black intellectuals and artists who created the New Negro Renaissance and the working class who found fought daily to combat institutionalized racism and gender discrimination in both Harlem and across the city. New Negro activists, such as Hubert Harrison and Frank Crosswaith, challenged local forms of economic and racial inequality in attempts to breakdown the structural manifestations that upheld them. Insurgent stay-at-home black mothers took negligent landlords to court, complaining to magistrates about the absence of hot water and heat in their apartment buildings. Black men and women, propelling dishes, bricks, and other makeshift weapons from their apartment windows and their rooftops, retaliated against hostile policemen harassing blacks on the streets of Harlem. From the turn of the twentieth century to the Great Depression, black Harlemites mobilized around local issues-such as high rents, jobs, leisure, and police brutality-to make their neighborhood an autonomous black community. In Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway?, Shannon King demonstrates how, against all odds, the Harlemite's dynamic fight for their rights and neighborhood raised the black community's racial consciousness and established Harlem's legendary political culture. By the end of the 1920s, Harlem had experience a labor strike, a tenant campaign for affordable rents, and its first race riot. These public forms of protest and discontent represented the dress rehearsal for black mass mobilization in the 1930s and 1940s. By studying blacks' immense investment in community politics, King makes visible the hidden stirrings of a social movement deeply invested in a Black Harlem. Whose Harlem Is This, Anyway? Is a vibrant story of the shaping of a community during a pivotal time in American History.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The black Americans' revolution
• Could slavery have been abolished?
• Race and citizenship in the early republic.

As the United States gained independence, a full fifth of the country's population was African American. The experiences of these men and women have been largely ignored in the accounts of the colonies' glorious quest for freedom. In this compact volume, Gary B. Nash reorients our understanding of early America, and reveals the perilous choices of the founding fathers that shaped the nation's future. Nash tells of revolutionary fervour arousing a struggle for freedom that spiralled into the largest slave rebellion in American history, as blacks fled servitude to fight for the British, who promised freedom in exchange for military service. The Revolutionary Army never matched the British offer, and most histories of the period have ignored this remarkable story. The conventional wisdom says that abolition was impossible in the fragile new republic. Nash, however, argues that an unusual convergence of factors immediately after the war created a unique opportunity to dismantle slavery. The founding fathers' failure to commit to freedom led to the waning of abolitionism just as it had reached its peak. In the opening decades of the 19th Century, as Nash demonstrates, their decision enabled the ideology of white supremacy to take root, and with it the beginnings of an irreparable national fissure. The moral failure of the Revolution was paid for in the 1860s with the lives of the 600,000 Americans killed in the Civil War. "The Forgotten Fifth" is a powerful story of the nation's multiple, and painful, paths to freedom.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Intimate spaces : performance and the making of Jim Crow
• Benevolence, violence, and militancy : competing narratives of race and aggression
• Jim Crow audiences : Southerners, the nation, and the centralization of racial surveillance
• Breaching the peace : arrests and the regulation of racial space
• Intimacy, Black criminality, and whiteness : the evolving public narratives of race
• Epilogue : living post Jim Crow.

The South's system of Jim Crow racial oppression is usually understood in terms of legal segregation that mandated the separation of white and black Americans. Yet, as Stephen A. Berrey shows, it was also a high-stakes drama that played out in the routines of everyday life, where blacks and whites regularly interacted on sidewalks and buses and in businesses and homes. Every day, individuals made, unmade, and remade Jim Crow in how they played their racial roles--how they moved, talked, even gestured. The highly visible but often subtle nature of these interactions constituted the Jim Crow routine.In this study of Mississippi race relations in the final decades of the Jim Crow era, Berrey argues that daily interactions between blacks and whites are central to understanding segregation and the racial system that followed it. Berrey shows how civil rights activism, African Americans' refusal to follow the Jim Crow script, and national perceptions of southern race relations led Mississippi segregationists to change tactics. No longer able to rely on the earlier routines, whites turned instead to less visible but equally insidious practices of violence, surveillance, and policing, rooted in a racially coded language of law and order. Reflecting broader national transformations, these practices laid the groundwork for a new era marked by black criminalization, mass incarceration, and a growing police presence in everyday life.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The general sense of justice : lynching and the death penalty, 1880-1950
• Without howling, without squirming : reinventing the death penalty in Jim Crow North Carolina, 1910-1936
• I cannot allow this boy to be executed : the essential role of mercy, 1910-1949
• Intelligent and civilized sentiments : activism, discretion, and the decline of the death penalty, 1941-1961
• An emotional craving : the revival of the death penalty in North Carolina, 1961-1984.

For years, American states have tinkered with the machinery of death, seeking to align capital punishment with evolving social standards and public will. Against this backdrop, North Carolina had long stood out as a prolific executioner with harsh mandatory sentencing statutes. But as the state sought to remake its image as modern and business-progressive in the early twentieth century, the question of execution preoccupied for lawmakers, reformers, and state boosters alike. In this book, Seth Kotch recounts the history of the death penalty in North Carolina, from its colonial origins to the present. He tracks the attempts to reform and sanitize the administration of death in a state as dedicated to its image as it was to rigid racial hierarchies. Through this lens, Lethal State helps explain not only Americans' deep and growing uncertainty about the death penalty but also their commitment to it. Kotch argues that Jim Crow justice continued to reign in the guise of a modernizing, orderly state, and offers essential insight into the relationship between race, violence, and power in North Carolina. The history of capital punishment in North Carolina, as in other states wrestling with similar issues, emerges as one of state-building through lethal punishment.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Diasporic placemaking in the renaissance city of the South
• Settling Chattanooga: race, property, and Cherokee dispossession
• Rooting a black diaspora in downtown Chattanooga: 1540-1890
• Cosmopolitanism as concealment: the dynamo of Dixie during Jim Crow, 1890-1968
• Defying racist stereotypes: the Big Nine and Lincoln Park
• Singing a Big Nine blues revolution
• Chattanooga homecoming: citizen-driven planning along the Tennessee riverfront
• Public space, cultural development, and reconciliation politics in the renaissance city
• From rabble rousing to sparcing community transformation: the evolution of Chattanooga organized for action
• The politics of black self-determination and neighborhood preservation in Lincoln Park.

What can local histories of interracial conflict and collaboration teach us about the potential for urban equity and social justice in the future? Courtney Elizabeth Knapp chronicles the politics of gentrification and culture-based development in Chattanooga, Tennessee, by tracing the roots of racism, spatial segregation, and mainstream ""cosmopolitanism"" back to the earliest encounters between the Cherokee, African Americans, and white settlers. For more than three centuries, Chattanooga has been a site for multiracial interaction and community building; yet today public leaders have simultaneously restricted and appropriated many contributions of working-class communities of color within the city, exacerbating inequality and distrust between neighbors and public officials. Knapp suggests that ""diasporic placemaking""-defined as the everyday practices through which uprooted people create new communities of security and belonging-is a useful analytical frame for understanding how multiracial interactions drive planning and urban development in diverse cities over time. By weaving together archival, ethnographic, and participatory action research techniques, she reveals the political complexities of a city characterized by centuries of ordinary resistance to racial segregation and uneven geographic development.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A world discovered
• Emilie Davis, 1863
• A world imagined
• A world created
• Emilie Davis, 1864
• A world of women
• A world expanded
• Emilie Davis, 1865
• A world where things are well
• Who's who.

In Notes from a Colored Girl, Karsonya Wise Whitehead examines the life and experiences of Emilie Frances Davis, a freeborn twenty-one-year-old mulatto woman, through a close reading of three pocket diaries she kept from 1863 to 1865. Whitehead explores Davis's worldviews and politics, her perceptions of both public and private events, her personal relationships, and her place in Philadelphia's free black community in the nineteenth century. Although Davis's daily entries are sparse, brief snapshots of her life, Whitehead interprets them in ways that situate Davis in historical and literary contexts that illuminate nineteenth-century black American women's experiences. Whitehead's contribution of edited text and original narrative fills a void in scholarly documentation of women who dwelled in spaces between white elites, black entrepreneurs, and urban dwellers of every race and class. Notes from a Colored Girl is a unique offering to the fields of history and documentary editing as the book includes both a six-chapter historical reconstruction of Davis's life and a full, heavily annotated edition of her Civil War-era pocket diaries. Drawing on scholarly traditions from history, literature, feminist studies, and sociolinguistics, Whitehead investigates Davis's diary both as a complete literary artefact and in terms of her specific daily entries. From a historical perspective, Whitehead re-creates the narrative of Davis's life for those three years and analyses the black community where she lived and worked. From a literary perspective, Whitehead examines Davis's diary as a socially, racially, and gendered nonfiction text. From a feminist studies perspective, she examines Davis's agency and identity, grounded in theories elaborated by black feminist scholars. And, from linguistic and rhetorical perspectives, she studies Davis's discourse about her interpersonal relationships, her work, and external events in her life in an effort to understand how she used language to construct her social, racial, and gendered identities. Since there are few primary sources written by black women during this time in history, Davis's diary--though ordinary in its content--is rendered extraordinary simply because it has survived to be included in this very small class of resources. Whitehead's extensive analysis illuminates the lives of many through the simple words of one.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Title; Copyright; Contents; List of Tables, Maps, and Figures; Preface;
• 1. The Rise of the Separate City;
• 2. Community Change and Community Leadership;
• 3. School Desegregation and the Rise of Black Political Independence;
• 4. Neighborhood Restructuring;
• 5. Race, Class, and the New Urban Politics; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z.

The districts in which southern blacks lived from the pre-World War II era to the mid-1960s differed markedly from those of their northern counterparts. The African-American community in the South was (and to some extent still is) a physically expansive, distinct, and socially heterogeneous zone within the larger metropolis. It found itself functioning both politically and economically as a separate city - a city set apart from its predominantly white counterpart. Examining the racial politics of such diverse cities as Atlanta, Richmond, and Memphis, Christopher Silver and John Moeser look at the interplay between competing groups within the separate city and between the separate city and the white power structure. They describe the effects of development policies, urban renewal programs, and the battle over desegregation in public schools. Within the separate city itself, internal conflicts reflected a structural divide between an empowered black middle class and a larger group comprising the working class and the disadvantaged. Even with these conflicts, the South's new black leadership gained political control in many cities, but it could not overcome the economic forces shaping the metropolis. The persistence of a separate city admitted to the profound ineffectiveness of decades of struggle to eliminate the racial barriers with which southern urban leaders - indeed all urban America - continue to grapple today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)