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• Normal and exceptional sovereignties
• "We will simply count the votes"
• Placing the landscape
• Networking diversities
• Cacophonous harmonies
• Between conventionalizations
• Nested (in)justices.

This first sustained ethnographic study of organic agriculture outside the United States traces its meanings, practices, and politics in two nations typically considered worlds apart: Latvia and Costa Rica. Situated on the frontiers of the European Union and the United States, these geopolitically and economically in-between places illustrate ways that international treaties have created contradictory pressures for organic farmers. Organic farmers in both countries build multispecies networks of biological and social diversity and create spaces of sovereignty within state and suprastate governance bodies. Organic associations in Central America and Eastern Europe face parallel challenges in balancing multiple identities as social movements, market sectors, and NGOs while finding their place in regions and nations reshaped by world events.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- What is the Role of Agricultural Trade in Promoting Global Food Security?-- Corporate Social Responsibility, Trade Liberalization & Global Welfare-- The State as a Determinant of the Pattern of Agricultural Trade-- Trade Liberalization & the Structure of Manufacturing Exports in Australia-- Bibliography-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides research on the global policies, benefits and economic risks of trade liberalisation. The purpose of the first chapter is to examine the role of agricultural trade in promoting global food security. The second chapter discusses corporate social responsibility, trade liberalisation and global welfare. Chapter three sheds light on the role of the state in determining international competitiveness of agricultural commodities and the pattern of agricultural trade. The final chapter of this book studies the impact of trade liberalisation on the Australian manufacturing sector.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement: Effects After Five Years-- United States
• Singapore Free Trade Agreement-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The U.S.-Singapore FTA has taken on new importance in trade policy because the United States is engaged in negotiations to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). In addition, the U.S.-Singapore FTA has provided greater access for U.S. companies, has been instrumental in increasing bilateral trade, and has provided reassurance to Singaporeans of U.S. interest in the country. As a city-state, Singapore operates as an entrepot with essentially free trade. Under the FTA, concessions dealt mainly with providing greater access for American service providers and with strengthening the business environment in areas such as the protection of intellectual property rights and access to government procurement. This book examines the U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement in detail, as well as the documented effects after five years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

While trade integration has been an engine of global growth and prosperity some sectors have been negatively affected by increased imports competition, as expected in theory. Higher labor mobility could lower these adjustment costs. This paper measures the cost of trade integration in a context of high internal migration. Specifically, we focus on the 2004- 14 period of trade liberalization in Peru (a major beneficiary of trade integration). Despite significant migration in response to lower tariffs, we find a significant negative relation between tariff reduction and socioeconomic indicators of imports-competing districts. This underscores the need for policy action to support the "losers from trade liberalization".

• Preface-- Mexico's Free Trade Agreements-- North American Free Trade Agreement-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Economic motivations are generally the major driving force for the formation of free trade agreements among countries, but there are other reasons countries enter into FTAs, including political and security factors. Trade agreements were also expected to improve investor confidence, attract foreign investment, and create jobs. Mexico may have other reasons for entering into FTAs, such as expanding market access and decreasing its reliance on the United States as an export market. This book provides an overview of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the current functions of the free trade agreement, and the effects of this agreement which have affected both countries over the last five years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface.-
• Chapter 1: What Makes for an Effective Free Trade Agreement? Examination of Theory and Evidence.-
• Chapter 2: The Mode of Economic Cooperation in the "One Belt and One Road" Construction.-
• Chapter 3: Simulation on Trade Effects of CJK FTA and the Prospects of Negotiation.-
• Chapter 4: Foreign Trade and Economic Growth in Recent China: A Granger Causal Analysis.-
• Chapter 5: Price Discovery and Dynamic Correlations: The Case of the Chinese Renminbi Markets.-
• Chapter 6: Public News Flows and Chinese Renminbi: A Volatility Regime-Switching Analysis.-
• Chapter 7: The Perceptions and Challenges of Corporate Sustainability Reporting in China.-
• Chapter 8: Shadow Economy and Corruption in the ASEAN: Complement or Substitute?.-
• Chapter 9: Singapore as a "Global City": Governance in a Challenging International Environment.-
• Chapter 10: The Intricacies of the Middle Income Trap: The Comparative Analysis Between China and Singapore.-
• Chapter 11: Thoughts on Extreme Risk in Indonesia.-
• Chapter 12: Characteristics of Audit Committee and Real Activity Manipulation: Case from Indonesia.-
• Chapter 13: The Influence of Monitoring Mechanisms and Opportunistic Behaviors towards Earnings Management.-
• Chapter 14: Can Market Orientation Sustain Management of Microfinance Institutions? The case study of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (AIM).-
• Chapter 15: Mitigating Money Laundering: The Role of Designated Non-Financial Business and Professions in South-East Asian Countries.-
• Chapter 16: Money Laundering & Terrorist Financing: Real Global Cases, Behavioural Theories & Internal Control Mechanism.-
• Chapter 17: Structure of Marketing Program for Islamic Microfinance Institutions.-
• Chapter 18: Myanmar's Experience in Regional Integration: Implications for Trade, FDI and Sustainable Development.-
• Chapter 19: Why is Sri Lanka a New Investment Darling in Asia?.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book offers a collection of studies on regional integration and the dynamic business environment in East Asia. The papers included, originally presented at the 2014 Asia Pacific Business Conference on "Free Trade Agreements and Regional Integration in East Asia, " examine the challenges and dynamics in the increasingly integrated East Asian markets and outline a new paradigm for doing international business in the region. The papers address diverse areas related to regional integration, financial markets, investment, trade and capital flow, sustainability, accounting and auditing issues, exchange rates, strategies and the regional business environment. The book provides a valuable resource for practitioners, policy-makers and students who are interested in understanding the vibrant aspects of business in today's East Asia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction-- Trade Liberalization in Asean-- Development of Smes-- Export Performance-- Main Important Constraints-- Does International Trade Liberalization Matter?-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), as in other Asian developing countries, the majority of firms are small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In these countries, SMEs are very important because of their huge employment creation, especially in rural areas, and as the main source of income for poor households. Therefore, these enterprises have been considered as an important element of poverty education, employment creation, economic growth and export promotion policies. Furthermore, it is often stated in literature that the future prospect of SMEs in playing that role would depend on whether they can survive in the long run, in the course of economic modernisation and trade liberalisation. More specifically, it depends on whether SMEs' goods can compete, not only with goods produced by domestic large/modern enterprises (including multinational companies) but also with imported goods and in export markets. During the past few years, especially after the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98, ASEAN countries (especially Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam) have been undergoing economic reforms, including trade liberalisation. It is generally believed that trade liberalisation should be beneficial for domestic economy as well as the world as a whole. However, not many serious studies have been done on the possible impact of ongoing trade liberalisation on local SMEs in the region. This book is about that particular issue, namely to answer the question of whether the SMEs will be negatively or positively affected by trade liberalisation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction Simon Lester and Bryan Mercurio-- Part I. Economics and Politics of FTAs:
• 2. Economics of FTAs Pravin Krishna--
• 3. Politics/international relations/political economy of FTAs Olivier Cattaneo--
• 4. Bilateral versus multilateral FTAs David Evans-- Part II. Relationship with WTO and International Law:
• 5. Legal requirements for FTAs under the WTO Nic Lockhart and Andrew Mitchell--
• 6. The relationship of FTAs to international law Tania Voon and Andrew Mitchell-- Part III. Legal Aspects of FTAs: Comparative Analysis:
• 7. Agriculture Tim Josling--
• 8. Rules of origin Amy Johanneson--
• 9. Services Federico Ortino--
• 10. Investment Josh Meltzer--
• 11. Government procurement Arwel Davies--
• 12. Intellectual property Bryan Mercurio--
• 13. Social issues: labor, environment, human rights Lorand Bartels--
• 14. Dispute settlement Simon Lester and Victoria Donaldson.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

As the Doha Development Round trade negotiations have stalled, bilateral and regional free trade agreements have become an important alternative. These agreements have proliferated in recent years, and now all of the major trading countries are engaging in serious bilateral and regional trade negotiations with multiple trading partners. This book provides a comprehensive study of recent bilateral and regional trade agreements. There are two main aspects. First, it situates bilateral and regional trade agreements in the context of economics, international law and international relations. Second, it surveys the most important recent agreements in relation to each substantive topic covered (e.g. intellectual property, investment, services and social policy) and provides an overview of the law being created in these areas.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Framework for analysis
• NAFTA: the original sin?
• Iberian ties: the EU-Mexico free trade agreement
• The odd couple: the Japan-Mexico free trade agreement
• The far side of the world: preferential trade agreements with Chile
• Japan's NAFTA route: preferential trade agreements with Malaysia and Thailand
• Conclusions and implications.

Since the early 1990s the world has seen an explosion of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between North and South. Mark Manger argues that current North-South PTAs are not primarily about liberalizing exports as is usually assumed. Rather, they are driven by the needs of foreign direct investment. The interests of multinational firms in investing in developing countries converge with the desires of the host countries to attract foreign capital. Yet to be politically feasible in the developed country, North-South PTAs must discriminate against third countries. PTAs thus create a competitive dynamic between countries, as excluded firms lobby their governments to restore access to important investment locations, leading to yet more preferential agreements. Based on extensive research in Europe, Japan, and the Americas and interviews with decision-makers in governments and the private sector, this book offers a new perspective on the roles of the state and corporations in international trade.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Free-marketeers despite themselves?
• Business interests in political economy
• When trade turns into regulatory reform
• Basic telecommunication services
• International air transport
• Who captures whom?
• Business influence and democratic decision-making.

Firms are central to trade policy-making. Some analysts even suggest that they dictate policy on the basis of their material interests. Cornelia Woll counters these assumptions, arguing that firms do not always know what they want. To be sure, firms lobby hard to attain a desired policy once they have defined their goals. Yet material factors are insufficient to account for these preferences. The ways in which firms are embedded in political settings are much more decisive. Woll demonstrates her case by analyzing the surprising evolution of support from large firms for liberalization in telecommunications and international air transport in the United States and Europe. Within less than a decade, former monopolies with important home markets abandoned their earlier calls for subsidies and protectionism and joined competitive multinationals in the demand for global markets. By comparing the complex evolution of firm preferences across sectors and countries, Woll shows that firms may influence policy outcomes, but policies and politics in turn influence business demands. This is particularly true in the European Union, where the constraints of multilevel decision-making encourage firms to pay lip service to liberalization if they want to maintain good working relations with supranational officials. In the United States, firms adjust their sectoral demands to fit the government's agenda. In both contexts, the interaction between government and firm representatives affects not only the strategy but also the content of business lobbying on global trade.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Why Isn't There More Trade?
• Chapter 1: The Doha Round: What Went Wrong and What's at Stake?
• Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations of the GATT/WTO System
• Chapter 3: The GATT-WTO Transition and Institutional Crisis in the Doha Round
• Chapter 4: Impediments to Doha Round Consensus and the Search for WTO Solutions
• Chapter 5: WTO Governance and Committee Chair Representation
• Chapter 6: Regional vs. Multilateral Trade Liberalization
• Chapter 7: Trade, Embedded Liberalism, and Development
• Chapter 8: Pathways Back to Geneva.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The institutional shortcomings of the World Trade Organization (WTO) became apparent during the Doha Round of Trade negotiations that began in 2001 and which aimed to improve the success of developing countries' trading by lowering trade barriers and adjusting other trade rules. This "development agenda " meant different things to rich and poor countries. In addition, many of the circumstances that supported success in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations of 1947 were no longer present after the WTO was founded in 1995. In Reconstructing the World Trade Organization for the 21st Century, Kent Jones examines the difficulties of the WTO in completing multilateral trade negotiations and possible ways to restore its ability to do so. The problem lies in the institutional structure it inherited from the GATT, which was designed for a more limited scope of trade negotiations among a relatively small number of wealthier, industrialized countries. Jones presents an institutional model of the GATT/WTO system, which describes why such an organization exists and how it is supposed to accomplish its goals. Institutional reforms will be necessary to restore the WTO's ability to complete global trade agreements, including a more flexible application of the consensus rule, a common understanding among all members about the limits of domestic policy space that is subject to negotiation, and clearer rules on reciprocity obligations. The popularity of bilateral and regional trade agreements, which have emerged as the alternative to WTO agreements, presents a threat to the WTO's relevance in trade negotiations, but also an opportunity to "multilateralize " new and deeper trade integration in future WTO agreements. Aid for trade may also play an instrumental role in bringing more developing countries into WTO disciplines. Above all, WTO members must develop new ways to find common ground in order to negotiate for mutual gains from trade.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• The Facts
• Protection and macroeconomic issues
• Current arguments for protection
• Some broader issues
• Developing countries : protection, liberalization, and macroeconomic policy.

This paper deals with trade policy issues of particular interest to the Fund. It is motivated both by the revival of protectionist attitudes in the industrial countries and the prevalence of liberalization proposals for developing countries.

• Foreword - Aaditya Mattoo Introduction: Opportunities and Risks of Liberalizing Trade in Services - Saman KelegamaSaman Kelegama India - Rupa Chanda Pakistan - Fasih Uddin Sri Lanka - Deshal De Mel Bangladesh - Ananya Raihan Nepal - Navin Dahal Maldives - Janaka Wijayasiri and Jagath Dissanayake Bhutan - Pema R Rinchen Liberalizing Trade in Services: A South Asian Perspective - Rashmi Banga Domestic Regulation in GATS and South Asia: Integrating the Domestic Reform Agenda with GATS Disciplines - Parashar Kulkarni Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This collection of essays explores the opportunities and risks of the liberalization of trade in services in South Asia. It offers an overview of the entire region on market access and regulatory issues as defined by the GATS framework of the WTO and exposes areas for regional and bilateral liberalization. It provides policymakers and other stakeholders in the region with better comprehension of the problems pertaining to these, and consequently, shows them a clearer vision of how to overcome them. The compilation provides insight into the offensive and defensive interests in trade in services of the whole region. The essays survey the formidable challenges that South Asia faces-cost implications, "policy space" restrictions, stakeholder managing-while trying to comply with the GATS regulations on the one hand, and the often inadequate legal provisions and regulatory structures of the individual countries, on the other. It will hold great value for students, researchers, and faculty working in the fields of Economics and Development Studies and South Asia Studies, besides being a useful resource for policy makers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- NAFTA at
• 20: Overview & Trade Effects-- The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions & Implications-- The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Negotiations & Issues for Congress-- Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade & Implications for U.S. Trade Policy-- Overview of Labor Enforcement Issues in Free Trade Agreements-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) entered into force on January 1, 1994. The overall economic impact of NAFTA is difficult to measure since trade and investment trends are influenced by numerous other economic variables, such as economic growth, inflation, and currency fluctuations. NAFTA continues to be of interest to Congress because of the importance of Canada and Mexico as U.S. trading partners, and also because of the implications NAFTA has for U.S. trade policy. This book provides an overview of North American trade liberalisation before NAFTA, an overview of NAFTA provisions, the economic effects of NAFTA, and policy considerations. It also examines the provisions of the U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) in the context of the overall U.S.-South Korean economic relationship, U.S. objectives, and South Korean objectives. The book examines some of the issues that have arisen during the implementation of KORUS FTA, and analyses the issues related to the proposed Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), the state and substance of the negotiations, the specific areas under negotiation, the policy and economic contexts in which the TPP would fit, and the issues for Congress that the TPP presents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1
• Australia's trade policy;
• Chapter 2
• Globalisation and the free trade debate; Index.

Globalisation and trade liberalisation has significantly altered Australia's trading environment over the past thirty or so years. Historically, Australia used forms of protection such as tariffs and subsidies to raise the price of imports and keep domestic industries competitive, thereby adding to the cost of living as everyone paid extra to support these industries. However, since the 1980s Australia and many of the world's economies have implemented substantial reductions in trade barriers. This book provides an overview of Australia's trade performance and free trade agreements. What are t.

• Preface-- U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement: Effects on U.S. Small & Medium-Sized Enterprises-- The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA): Provisions & Implications-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The U.S.-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA) is the second-largest U.S. FTA (next to NAFTA). South Korea is the seventh largest trading partner of the United States, and the United States is South Korea's third-largest trading partner. The KORUS FTA covers a wide range of trade and investment issues and, therefore, could have substantial economic implications for both the United States and South Korea. KORUS FTA encompasses a range of bilateral economic activities: trade in manufactured goods, agricultural products, and services; foreign investment; government procurement; intellectual property rights; and worker rights and environment protection, among other issues. The United States and South Korea entered into the KORUS FTA as a means to further solidify an already strong economic relationship by reducing barriers to trade and investment between them and to resolve long-standing troublesome economic issues. The United States specifically sought increased access to South Korean markets for agricultural products, services, and foreign investment. For South Korean leaders, the KORUS FTA is a mechanism to promote reform in its own economy and also to gain a competitive advantage in the U.S. market for autos and other manufactured goods. This book examines the provisions of the KORUS FTA in the context of the overall U.S.-South Korean economic relationship, U.S. objectives, and South Korean objectives. It also examines some of the issues that have arisen during its implementation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)