• Introduction : Africa's indispensable bilateral relationship
• Rivalries
• Politics: a Shakespearean drama
• Economics: Rhodes versus Lugard
• Culture: Nollywood versus South Africa Inc.
• Hegemony
• Pax Nigeriana: the history of an idea and its Post-Cold War practice
• Pax South Africana: a bicycle strategy for engaging Africa
• Nigeria and South Africa: on the concept ''every African is his brother's keeper''
• Rulers
• The prophetic peacemaker: Nelson Mandela
• King Baabu: Sani Abacha
• The rennaissance man: Thabo Mbeki
• The naked emperor: Olusegun Obasanjo
• Visionaries: a Pan-African Cassandra: Adebayo Adedeji
• The alchemist: Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma
• The iron lady: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
• Conclusion: Pax Nigeriana, Pax South Africana and Pax Africana.

In this work Neils Steensgaard combines an analytical economic approach with detailed historic scholarship to provide an imaginitive and important analysis of a central incident in modern world history. The event is the breaking of the Portuguese monopoly on Asian trade in the seventeenth century by English and Dutch mercantile interests. This change the author demonstrates, was not simply the triumph of the new powers over the old. Rather, the Dutch--English victory heralded a structural change in international trade: the triumph of entrepreneurial capitalism over the older economic mode of the "peddler-merchant." Professor Steensgaard's study is divided into two major parts. The first examines the economic and political structure of the seventeenth century institutions in the Near East, Portugal, England, and the Netherlands. The author demonstrates that the rise to preeminence of the English and Dutch East India Companies over the Portuguese "State of India" was the result of the superior economic and bureaucratic organization of the former. The eclipse of Portuguese power in general, the author argues, is best understood as an institutional failure-an inability to adapt to changing patterns and demands of economic life. The second part of Professor Steensgaard's study provides a detailed historical account of an important event in the fall of the Portuguese trading empire-the loss of the city of Hormuz in 1622. Hormuz, located at a strategic point at the entrance of the Persian Gulf, was a central port city on the Asian trade route. It fell to an English and Persian force. The author demonstrates why this event exemplifies the Portuguese institutional weaknesses that are discussed in the first part of the book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Trade Primer: Qs & As on Trade Concepts, Performance & Policy-- International Trade & Finance: Key Policy Issues for the 113th Congress-- U.S. International Trade: Trends & Forecasts-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Economic theory indicates that trade occurs because it is mutually enriching. It has a positive economic effect like that caused by technological change, whereby economic efficiency is increased, allowing greater output from the same amount of scarce productive resources. By allowing each participant to specialise in producing what it is relatively more efficient at and trading for what it is relatively less efficient at, trade can increase economic well-being above what would be possible without trade. This book discusses current key concepts, policies, forecasts, and international trends in the U.S. trade sector.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Rising Economic Powers & U.S. Trade Policy-- Boosting U.S. Exports: Selected Issues for Congress-- Trade Promotion Authority (TPA) & the Role of Congress in Trade Policy-- The Trans-Pacific Partnership Negotiations & Issues for Congress-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A handful of developing countries are becoming major players in the global economy due, in part, to their large populations, rising trade flows, and rapidly growing economics. These evolving economies are likely to be of increasing interest to the 113th Congress. Led by China, these rising economic powers (REPs), include Brazil, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Russia, and Turkey. With large economies and rising shares of world trade flows, the REPs have greater involvement in World Trade Organization (WTO) negotiations and dispute settlement cases, have protested with greater frequency U.S. economic and trade policies, and are more able and willing to deflect or reject U.S. trade and market access demands. This book examines the economic strides these REPs have made and the potential stumbling blocks they could encounter if they do not take steps to improve their business climates by undertaking a range of trade, regulatory, and structural reforms.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- U.S. Wind Turbine Export Opportunities in Canada & Latin America-- Understanding Trends in Wind Turbine Prices Over the Past Decade-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book reviews past U.S. exports of utility-scale wind turbine nacelles and blades, and assesses the potential for future U.S. exports of these products to markets in Canada and Latin America. These markets are growing in importance and, though they are smaller than the Chinese and European markets, are significant potential export destinations for U.S. producers. The results of this analysis indicate that U.S. exports increased annually during 20072011, with Canada and Latin America accounting for the largest share of exports, but that the total volume of U.S. exports remains low in comparison to global exports. Markets in Ontario, Western Canada, and Mexico are growing rapidly and U.S. producers are positioned to increase exports to these places in the next few years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Report to the President on the National Export Initiative: The Export Promotion Cabinet's Plan for Doubling U.S. Exports in Five Years-- 2011 National Export Strategy: Powering the National Export Initiative-- National Export Initiative-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Exporting is good for American business, American workers and American jobs. That is why President Obama set the goal of doubling U.S. exports in five years in his State of the Union address in January 2010, as well as why the Obama Administration is committed to working with U.S. companies to help American-made goods and services succeed in the global market. The National Export Initiative (NEI) is a key component of the President's plan to help the United States transition from the legacy of the most severe financial and economic crisis in generations to a sustained recovery. At a time when Americans are saving more and consuming less, exports can help to create the jobs needed to bring unemployment down and help to assure a strong and durable recovery. This book lays out the comprehensive plan the Export Promotion Cabinet has developed to help the U.S. double its exports.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- The Year in Trade
• 2011: Operation of the Trade Agreements Program-- Free Trade Agreements: Impact on U.S. Trade & Implications for U.S. Trade Policy-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

U.S. trade in goods and services grew in 2011, but by less than in 2010. Lower growth in U.S. aggregate demand led to similarly lower growth in U.S. imports of goods and services in 2011 compared to 2010. Likewise, generally lower growth in most foreign countries led to lower growth in U.S. exports of goods and services in 2011. The U.S. economic recovery that began in the summer of 2009 stalled in 2011 after a relatively weak rebound in 2010. Real gross domestic product (GDP) grew by 1.7 percent in 2011, following growth of 3.0 percent in 2010 and a 3.5 percent contraction in 2009. This book provides an overview of international activities, agreements and data for 2011 on trade in the United States.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Transatlantic Regulatory Co-operation: Background & Analysis-- Transatlantic Regulatory Co-operation: A Possible Role for Congress-- EU-U.S. Economic Ties: Framework, Scope & Magnitude-- U.S.-EU Trade & Economic Relations: Key Policy Issues for the 112th Congress-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The United States and the European Union (EU) economic relationship is the largest in the world -- and it is growing. The modern U.S.-European economic relationship has evolved since World War II, broadening as the six-member European Community expanded into the present 27-member European Union. The ties have also become more complex and interdependent, covering a growing number and type of trade and financial activities. This book discusses the regulatory cooperation and economic relations between the United States and the European Union.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Chinese native maritime customs administration -- Chinese maritime sailing vessels -- Imports and exports : the character of Sino-Siamese trade -- The foundations of Ch'ing maritime policy -- Conclusion. Far East Cruise.

Methodical and inquisitive, Cushman explores Chinese junk trade with Siam over two centuries. In the course of her analysis, the author illuminates significant aspects of China's economic development, the implementation of commercial policies by the two nations, and concepts of trade in the east and southeast of Asia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- The U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement: Effects After Five Years-- United States
• Singapore Free Trade Agreement-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The U.S.-Singapore FTA has taken on new importance in trade policy because the United States is engaged in negotiations to join the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). In addition, the U.S.-Singapore FTA has provided greater access for U.S. companies, has been instrumental in increasing bilateral trade, and has provided reassurance to Singaporeans of U.S. interest in the country. As a city-state, Singapore operates as an entrepot with essentially free trade. Under the FTA, concessions dealt mainly with providing greater access for American service providers and with strengthening the business environment in areas such as the protection of intellectual property rights and access to government procurement. This book examines the U.S.-Singapore Free Trade Agreement in detail, as well as the documented effects after five years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Trade Facilitation in the East African Community: Recent Developments & Potential Benefits-- Burundi Country Profile-- Kenya Country Profile-- Rwanda Country Profile-- Tanzania Country Profile-- Uganda Country Profile-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Trade is growing rapidly among the countries of the East African Community (EAC) -- (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda), expanding the volumes of goods crossing their borders. Members of the EAC, together with other African countries, have recognised the importance of improving these aspects of trade. This book outlines recent efforts by the EAC countries to improve trade facilitation measures. It also describes the potential benefits to EAC countries of improved trade facilitation, based on a review of empirical studies and the experiences of other developing countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction-- Trade Liberalization in Asean-- Development of Smes-- Export Performance-- Main Important Constraints-- Does International Trade Liberalization Matter?-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian nations (ASEAN), as in other Asian developing countries, the majority of firms are small-and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In these countries, SMEs are very important because of their huge employment creation, especially in rural areas, and as the main source of income for poor households. Therefore, these enterprises have been considered as an important element of poverty education, employment creation, economic growth and export promotion policies. Furthermore, it is often stated in literature that the future prospect of SMEs in playing that role would depend on whether they can survive in the long run, in the course of economic modernisation and trade liberalisation. More specifically, it depends on whether SMEs' goods can compete, not only with goods produced by domestic large/modern enterprises (including multinational companies) but also with imported goods and in export markets. During the past few years, especially after the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98, ASEAN countries (especially Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, and Vietnam) have been undergoing economic reforms, including trade liberalisation. It is generally believed that trade liberalisation should be beneficial for domestic economy as well as the world as a whole. However, not many serious studies have been done on the possible impact of ongoing trade liberalisation on local SMEs in the region. This book is about that particular issue, namely to answer the question of whether the SMEs will be negatively or positively affected by trade liberalisation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : "Trade deals aren't for what you think they are for"
• Overview: tpp highlights and low lights
• Quantitative assessment of the TPP
• Market access and sectoral issues
• Intellectual property rights
• New issues/innovative areas
• Investor-state dispute settlement
• General provisions
• Implications for world trading system
• Implications for WTO : value as "template" and whether TPP could revitalize multilateral trading system
• Referencea
• Index.

• I. The positive theory of tariffs
• II. Tariffs and distortions
• III. The cost of protection
• IV. The theory of effective protection
• V. Tariff reduction and policy harmonization.

• Part 1: Comparative Cost Theory
• 1. Factor Endowments, International Trade and Factor Prices
• 2. Optimum Tariffs and Retaliation Appendix to
• Chapter 2: Alternative Optimum Tariff Formulae
• Part 2: International Trade and Economic Growth
• 3. Economic Expansion and International Trade
• 4. Increasing Productivity, Income-Price Trends and the Trade Balance Appendix to
• Chapter 4: The n-Country Case
• 5. Equilibrium Growth in an International Economy
• Part 3: The Balance of Payments
• 6. Towards a General Theory of the Balance of Payments
• 7. The Transfer Problem and Exchange Stability
• 8. A Simplification of Multi-Country Multiplier Theory. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The studies collected in this volume embody the results of research conducted in the mid 1950s into various theoretical problems in international economics. They fall into three groups - comparative cost theory, trade and growth and balance of payments theory. This volume consolidates the work of previous theorists and applies mathematically-based logical analysis to theoretical problems of economic policy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1) The Trade-Security Nexus in the Asia-Pacific
• 2) Linking Traditional and Human Security to Trade: The U.S. Approach
• 3) Linking Security, Human Rights and Sustainable Development to Trade: The EU Strategy in Bilateral Free Trade Agreement Negotiations
• 4) Linking Human Security to Trade Liberalization in ASEAN: New Issues, New Actors
• 5) Same Bed, Different Dreams: The 'ASEAN Plus X' and Its Implications for the Economic-Security Nexus
• 6) FTA and Traditional Security in East Asia
• 7) APEC & Security
• 8) Global Trade Linkages: Security, Environment, Labor, and Human Rights
• 9) The Shanghai Cooperation Organization: The Security-Economics Nexus
• 10) Bilateral Trade Agreements and Human Security
• Conclusion.

The connections between trade and security are hardly new. Analysts and practitioners have clearly recognized this interrelationship since the mercantilist arguments of the 16th and 17th centuries. Despite wishful economic liberal thinking that might prefer to separate the political from the economic, it is widely recognized that trade and security are fundamentally interconnected in the foreign policy of states. Over time, as new forms of trade policy have come into being and the international security environment has evolved, the nexus of these two spheres has grown more complex and scholars have struggled to understand their interconnection This edited volume addresses linkages between trade and security by examining the influence of security factors in driving trade policy measures and the corresponding implications of different types of trade arrangements for international security. Ultimately, the project shows that several elements--traditional economic factors, traditional security factors, and human security factors--can affect the development of trade agreements and unilateral policies, and that trade policies may have both a direct and an indirect effect on traditional and human security. The project focuses on Asia, a region where economics is increasingly important but many security issues still linger unresolved, as a primary setting to test trade linkage theories. It also provides a comparative perspective through examination of how the EU and US have used their trade policies to achieve non-economic goals and how these policies have influenced their security environment. Case studies in this project cover key trade institutions and agreements including the World Trade Organization, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, ASEAN Plus Three, the East Asia Summit, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and bilateral preferential trade agreements.