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• Volume
• 1: Rebellion Launched, 1945-1946 Preface The 100,000 Tenuat HaMeri HaIvri The Anglo-American Committee of Inquiry "Black Sabbath" to the Hotel Royal Monceau Truman, Bevin, and the World Zionist Congress.
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Seventy years after the creation of the State of Israel, Palestine to Israel: Mandate to State, 1945-1948 offers the definitive narrative of the achievement of Jewish sovereignty in the beleaguered Promised Land. Professor Monty Noam Penkower explores developments in Palestine and in the Arab states, including how the Palestine quagmire became a pawn in inter-Arab feuds; British and American responses both official and public; the role of Holocaust survivors; the context of the Cold War; and the saga as it unfolded in the corridors of the United Nations. Joining extensive archival research to a lucid prose, the two volumes offer a riveting conclusion to his Palestine in Turmoil and Decision on Palestine Deferred.
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• Acknowledgements
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Attempts to Reform
• 3. Tulkarm: The Early History and the Old Local Establishments
• 4. The Second Wave of the Tanzimat : The 1858 Land Code and the New Social Order in the Tulkarm Region
• 5. The Wilaya Law of 1864
• 6. Education and Intellectual Life
• 7. Taxes and Finances
• 8. Public Health, Agriculture, and Trade
• 9. Communications and Transportation Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
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During the final decades of Ottoman rule, Palestine was administratively divided into two states, Jerusalem and Beirut. Both provinces exhibited a strikingly cohesive history of modernisation, and as the Ottoman Empire began to recede, the education systems, taxation and bureaucracy which were left behind formed the foundation of administration in the Palestinian authority today. The reign of Sultan Abdulmecid I saw great changes in Palestine, in line with the Tanzimat reform programme. These changes included the monetisation of the economy, structural changes in land ownership, legal reform, moves towards Ottoman centralisation and the first European immigration to the area. Education was expanded to the lower classes, and Arab and Palestinian nationalism and Islamic movements began to stir by the end of the century as the first Zionist settlers arrived. At the heart of these radical shifts in thought and infrastructure were the new administrative centres established by the Ottomans during this period of re-organisation. Drawing extensively on official Ottoman records, Farid Al-Salim charts the transformation of one such centre, Tulkarm, from a small village in central Palestine to a seat of administrative reform in order to provide a new account of the forces behind the formation of modern Palestine.
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• Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Introduction;
• 1. Gender and Geography in the Land of Punt;
• 2. The Queen of Sheba in Yemeni and Ethiopian Mythology;
• 3. Diasporic Routes: African Passages to the Gulf;
• 4. The 1964 Zanzibar Genocide: The Politics of Denial;
• 5. Gulfrica: Blowing the Horn of Light into Afrabia;
• 6. Neoliberal Challenges and Transnational Lives of Cameroonian Migrants in Dubai;
• 7. Inclusive Growth, Governance of Natural Resources and Sustainable Development in Africa from a Qatari Perspective

• 8. Qatar's Food and Water Security: An Evolving Strategy;
• 9. Healthy Relationships? GCC Global Health Engagement in Africa; About the Contributors; Index

The ties that bind Africa and the Gulf region have deep historical roots that influence both what Braudel called the longue durée and the short-term events of current policy shifts, market-based economic fluctuations, and global and local political vicissitudes. This book, a collaboration of historians, political scientists, development planners, and a biomedical engineer, explores Arabian-African relationships in their many overlapping dimensions. Thus histories constructed from the "bottom up" - records of the everyday activities of commerce, intermarriage, and gender roles - offer an incisi.

• Part 1. War and Peace:
• 1. Insaf's Journey ;
• 2. Right of Return ;
• 3. No Guarantees ;
• 4. Fire like Cold Water ;
• 5. The War Before ;
• 6. Window of Opportunity
• Part 2.: Chasing Peace:
• 7. Vanished ;
• 8. Crusaders and the Mujahideen ;
• 9. Places of Exile ;
• 10. The Keeper of Nahum's Tomb ;
• 11. A Church of Martyrs ;
• 12. Fasting and Flight
• Part 3.: Inside the House of War:
• 13. The Coming of a New Caliphate ;
• 14. The Death of One American ;
• 15. The New Jihad ;
• 16. Emptying Mosul ;
• 17. Enlisted ;
• 18. The Final Fall ;
• 19. Fighting ISIS ;
• 20. Cities of Refuge ;
• 21. A Garden by Night.

The rise of ISIS and the murderous trail they have carved across the Middle East have brought the fate of thousands of Iraqi and Syrian Christians to the forefront of the news. This book, drawing on eye-witness accounts, brings that suffering into clear focus. Beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the book traces the story of the war, the occupation, and the resulting impact on Iraqi and Syrian churches, to the present day. The book traces the lives of key individuals and their families, as the author returns again and again, over a twelve year period.
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• The land that once was known as Shaam
• French rule, 1920-1946
• From independence to Hafez al-Assad, 1946-1970
• Hafez al-Assad, 1970-2000: foreign policy challenges
• Inside the Syria of Hafez al-Assad, 1970-2000
• Bashar al-Assad, 2000-: from succession to civil war
• Drawing the threads together.

The collapse of Syria into civil war over the past two years has spawned a regional crisis whose reverberations grow louder with each passing month. In this timely account, John McHugo seeks to contextualize the headlines, providing broad historical perspective and a richly layered analysis of a country few in the United States know or understand. McHugo charts the history of Syria from World War I to the tumultuous present, examining the country's thwarted attempts at independence, the French policies that sowed the seeds of internal strife, and the fragility of its foundations as a nation. He.

• 9783940924117; 9783940924117; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Introduction;
• 1. Gulf-Asia Economic Relations, Pan-Gulf and Pan-Asia Perspectives;
• 2. The Growing Roles of Asian Powers in the Gulf: A Saudi Perspective;
• 3. Iranâ#x80; #x99; s Ties with Asia;
• 4. Turkey and the Gulf: An Evolving Economic Partnership;
• 5. Russia and the Gulf: the Main Principles of the Political andEconomic Dialogue;
• 6. Situating the Gulf in Indiaâ#x80; #x99; s Engagement with Emerging Asia;
• 7. India and the Emerging Gulf: Between â#x80; #x9C; Strategic Balancingâ#x80; #x9D; andâ#x80; #x9C; Soft Powerâ#x80; #x9D; Options

• 8. The Economic Relations Between China and the GCC Countriessince
• 20089. China and Iran: Special Economic Partners;
• 10. Mobilizing Muslim Minority, Targeting Arab Trade: Chinaâ#x80; #x99; s Ningxiaas the Islamic Hub for China-Arab Connections;
• 11. China and the Gulf: The Social and Cultural Implications ofTheir Rapidly Developing Economic Ties;
• 12. Beyond Food for Fuel: the Little Red Dot inGCC-ASEAN Relations;
• 13. What Determines Malaysiaâ#x80; #x99; s Interest in the GCC?;
• 14. Small is Beautiful: South Korean-Gulf Relations as an Example ofStrategic Engagement by Players in Different Arenas

• 15. Japanâ#x80; #x99; s Engagement in the Gulf16. Japan and the Gulf: Balancing the Business Relationship; List of Contributors

Asia constitutes the hub of the transformation of global economic power today. The Gulf, itself part of Asia, is of increasing importance in this transformation. This book documents the growing interactions between the economies of the Gulf states and those of the rest of Asia. These relationships are critical to how the world economy develops over the next decade, and how economic (and perhaps strategic) power is distributed._x000B__x000B_This volume assembles cutting-edge thinking by 16 specialists on a wide variety of topics covering Arab Gulf relations with China, Japan, ASEAN, Korea and I.

• Introduction
• Documents. A. U.S. policy for dealing with the Islamic State / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. ; B. Combatting the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. ; C. Islamic State propaganda / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr.

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• List of Maps
• Preface
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1. Escalation
• Chapter 2. Saddam's Qadisiyyah
• Chapter 3. How Did It Come to Th is?
• Chapter 4. Did the United States Push Saddam to Attack?
• Chapter 5. France Sides with Iraq
• Chapter 6. The Arabs Divided
• Chapter 7. Israel Banks on Iran and Turkey Benefits from the War
• Chapter 8. The "Valmy" Effect
• Chapter 9. Stalemate
• Chapter 10. The Initiative Changes Sides
• Chapter 11. The Mullahs Take Power
• Chapter 12. First Victories
• Chapter 13. New Mediation
• Chapter 14. The Iranians Recapture Their Territory
• Chapter 15. Blessed Ramadan Offensive
• Chapter 16. Bloody Dawns
• Chapter 17. Saddam's Ace in the Hole
• Chapter 18. The Lebanese Hostage Crisis
• Chapter 19. Money Has No Smell
• Chapter 20. Total War
• Chapter 21. The Year of the Pilot
• Chapter 22. Oil and the War Machine
• Chapter 24. Deadlock
• Chapter 25. The Iran-Contra Affair
• Chapter 26. All- Out Offensives
• Chapter 27. Iran Changes Strategy
• Chapter 28. The Gulf Set Ablaze
• Chapter 29. The Halabja Massacre
• Chapter 30. The Destruction of Iran Air Flight 655
• Chapter 31. Endgame
• Epilogue
• Appendixes
• Notes
• Sources
• Acknowledgments
• Index.

From 1980 to 1988, Iran and Iraq fought the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. The tragedies included the slaughter of child soldiers, the use of chemical weapons, the striking of civilian shipping in the Gulf, and the destruction of cities. The Iran-Iraq War offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the region's collective memory but little understood in the West. Pierre Razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding Middle Eastern geopolitics, from the deep-rooted distrust between Sunni and Shia Muslims, to Iran's obsession with nuclear power, to the continuing struggles in Iraq. He provides invaluable keys to decipher Iran's behavior and internal struggle today. Razoux's account is based on unpublished military archives, oral histories, and interviews, as well as audio recordings seized by the U.S. Army detailing Saddam Hussein's debates with his generals. Tracing the war's shifting strategies and political dynamics-military operations, the jockeying of opposition forces within each regime, the impact on oil production so essential to both countries-Razoux also looks at the international picture. From the United States and Soviet Union to Israel, Europe, China, and the Arab powers, many nations meddled in this conflict, supporting one side or the other and sometimes switching allegiances. The Iran-Iraq War answers questions that have puzzled historians. Why did Saddam embark on this expensive, ultimately fruitless conflict? Why did the war last eight years when it could have ended in months? Who, if anyone, was the true winner when so much was lost?
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• 9783940924391; 9783940924391; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; 1 State-Society Relations in the Arab Gulf Region:Dilemmas and Prospects; 2 The Internet and Youth in the United Arab Emirates; 3 Social Media and the Forging of a Transnational Shiâ#x80; #x99; a Identity:the Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain; 4 Social Media: Impacts on Arabian Gulf Youth and Governments; 5 The Emergence of Arab Childrenâ#x80; #x99; s Television andAnimation Industry in the Gulf States; 6 The Impact of Global Communications on Family Values in Qatar; 7 Neoliberalism and the New Means of Art of Government in theGulf Monarchies

"This book examines the strategies and dynamics through which state-society relations in the Arab Gulf region have been cultivated, and explores the alternative political, social, economic and popular changes that threaten these relations. The work focuses on understanding how state sovereignty has been shifting to accommodate internal social, cultural, and intellectual forces and how these forces have managed to balance social and political powers in order to function within and co-exist alongside the state." --Page [4] of cover.

The Gulf sits at an ancient crossroads of cultures and faiths, and at the heart of modern trade stretching back to the origins of civilization. As a site of both conflict and peaceful encounter, it can be studied in the context of world history, as a place of cultural and historical encounter. From medieval astrology to museum architecture, from the trade of glass and pearls to the role of Indians, Africans, Christian monks, Mandaeans and merchants, this book spans historical periods and disciplinary approaches. It is united by one overarching theme: the Gulf as a cosmopolitan nexus and space of encounter. The chapters describe a Gulf simultaneously perched on the edge of empires and at the centre of world events. Presenting new evidence, new theoretical approaches, and new arguments, this volume aims to change understandings of the Gulf in the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• AcknowledgmentsTo the Reader Introduction ORIENTING ORIENTALISMI "One That Cannot Now Be Rewritten"II Defin[ess]ing OrientalismIII Verbalizing an OrientIV The Growth (Benign, Cancerous, or Otherwise) of Orientalism THE SAID AND THE UNSAID IN SAID'S MAGNUM OPUS ORIENTALEI Dissing Orientalism: All That Said Has DoneII Drawing the Fault LinesIII Self-Critique More Than Mere ImageIV A Novel Argument out of Blurred Genres THE SEDUCTIVE CHARMS OF AND AGAINST ORIENTALISM1 Presenting and Representing OrientalismII The Essential[ism] ProblemIII What is Said (but True?) About SaidIV Beyond the Binary NotesBibliographyIndex.
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The late Edward Said remains one of the most influential critics and public intellectuals of our time, with lasting contributions to many disciplines. Much of his reputation derives from the phenomenal multidisciplinary influence of his 1978 book Orientalism. Said's seminal polemic analyzes novels, travelogues, and academic texts to argue that a dominant discourse of West over East has warped virtually all past European and American representation of the Near East. But despite the book's wide acclaim, no systematic critical survey of the rhetoric in Said's representation of Orientalism and the resulting impact on intellectual culture has appeared until today. Drawing on the extensive discussion of Said's work in more than 600 bibliographic entries, Daniel Martin Varisco has written an ambitious intellectual history of the debates that Said's work has sparked in several disciplines, highlighting in particular its reception among Arab and European scholars. While pointing out Said's tendency to essentialize and privilege certain texts at the expense of those that do not comfortably it his theoretical framework, Varisco analyzes the extensive commentary the book has engendered in Oriental studies, literary and cultural studies, feminist scholarship, history, political science, and anthropology. He employs "critical satire" to parody the exaggerated and pedantic aspects of post-colonial discourse, including Said's profound underappreciation of the role of irony and reform in many of the texts he cites. The end result is a companion volume to Orientalism and the vast research it inspired. Rather than contribute to dueling essentialisms, Varisco provides a path to move beyond the binary of East versus West and the polemics of blame. Reading Orientalism is the most comprehensive survey of Said's writing and thinking to date. It will be of strong interest to scholars of Middle East studies, anthropology, history, cultural studies, post-colonial studies, and literary studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 9783940924612; 9783940924612; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Acknowledgements; Contents; Introduction and Overview; I. Career Aspirations of Students;
• 1. Meeting Career Expectations? The Perception of Female Studentstowards Employment in Omanâ#x80; #x99; s Segmented Labor Market;
• 2. Self-Motivation Career Aspirations and Work Responsibilities:The Perspective of Saudi Male Undergraduates atKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals;
• 3. The Perception of Young Emiratis on Emiratisation; II. Surveys of Employee Motivation Andworkplace Values

• 4. Cross-National Heterogeneity of Hofstedeâ#x80; #x99; s â#x80; #x98; Arab Countriesâ#x80; #x99;
• 5. Key Drivers for Employee Engagement and Productivity ofGCC Nationals and Expatriates: A Longitudinal Study 2010-2012;
• 6. A Strengths-Based Approach to Enhancing Youth Motivation andEmployability: Research and Practice from the GCC, with a Focus on Bahrain; III. Entrepreneurship as A Solution to Theunemployment Problems;
• 7. The Two Universes of Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates:An Answer to the Gulf Employment Conundrum?;
• 8. Rents, Start-Ups, and Obstacles to SME Entrepreneurialism inOman, Bahrain and Qatar

• IV. Cultural and Religious Roots Ofbusiness Ethics and Work Motivation9. Saudi Manufacturing: Can Monozukuri Take Root in the Kingdom?;
• 10. The Anthropological Elements of Failed Saudization:Historicism, Image, Islam and Tribe;
• 11. Setting the Agenda for Global Dialogue: A Theoretical andPractical Approach to Business Ethics in Saudi Arabia; Bibliography; About the Contributors; Index

The notion of "rentier mentality" has haunted the literature on the Gulf States for almost 40 years now. However, few studies have actually provided insight into how the nationals themselves perceive their career motivators, employability and productivity. The eleven studies of this book present both empirical findings and case studies that reveal what nationals expect from their workplace and what hinders them from a personal, meaningful contribution. While it seems that an initially high work motivation is often annihilated by structural impediments such as a strong hierarchy or widespread.

• Interdependent spaces : relations between the city and the countryside in the nineteenth century / Sarah D. Shields
• Political relations between city and state in the Middle East, 1700-1850 / Dina Rizk Khoury
• The economic organization of cities in Ottoman Syria / Abdul-Karim Rafeq
• Political relations between city and state in the colonial period / Leila Fawaz and Robert Ilbert
• The demography of cities and the expansion of urban space / Bernard Hourcade
• Moving out of place : minorities in Middle Eastern urban societies, 1800-1914 / Gudrun Krämer
• Urban social movements, 1750-1950 / Sami Zubaida.

The great cities of the Middle East and North Africa have long attracted the attention and interest of historians. With the discovery and wider use over the last few decades of the Islamic court records and Ottoman administrative documents, our knowledge of Middle Eastern cities between the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries has vastly expanded. Drawing upon a treasure trove of documents and using a variety of methodologies, the contributors succeed in providing a significant overview of the ways in which Middle Eastern cities can be studied, as well as an excellent introduction to current literature in the field.Islam has often been characterized as an 'urban religion'; recognizing Islam's deep ties to civic matters and to the city itself, the essays gathered here explore the interconnectedness between religion and its geography. The authors effectively define and map out urban social history in the Middle East from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, affording us a foundational volume that enriches our understanding of society in the late Ottoman and colonial periods.
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• AcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Party Systems and Regime Formation in the Middle EastPart I: Explaining Party System Characteristics1. The Emergence of the Preponderant Single-Party Systems2. The Emergence of the Multiparty Systems3. The Emergence of Bipartism in TurkeyPart II: The Impact of Party Systems on Regime Formation4. Preponderant Single Parties and Immediate Authoritarian Rule5. Polarization, Mobilization Asymmetry, and Delayed Authoritarian Rule6. Depolarization, Increased Mobilizational Symmetry, and the Consolidation of Competitive Politics in TurkeyConclusion: The Arguments in Middle East and Comparative PerspectiveNotesBibliographyIndex.
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Why was Turkey - alone of all the modern states that emerged from the Ottoman Empire - the only Middle Eastern country to evolve lasting competitive political institutions? While democratic processes grew steadily in Turkey during the twentieth century, its neighbors turned to forms of authoritarian rule that reinforced the powers of armies, families, single parties, or monarchs. Michele Angrist argues that democracy and dictatorship in the Middle East can be understood by studying the nature and status of political parties operating at the moment of independence. Looking carefully at Muslim-majority states where parties played a crucial role in state formation between the 1940s and the 1960s, Angrist challenges the idea that Islam, class structures, levels of development, and/or international factors dominated domestic politics in the region. She writes across the regional divides that have isolated Turkish, Arab, and Persian studies from each other. Comparative political scientists, Middle East social scientists, and scholars of Turkey will find here a compelling account of party building and democratization in the modern Middle East.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Table of Contents* Introduction. The simplification of "the others". P.
• I. From prophecies to empire. P.
• 1. The "Jewish client state". P.
• 2. Cultural imperialism. The influence of the Palestine Exploration Fund. P.
• 3. Suez and Cyprus, setting the stage. P. 3.1. Disraeli's legacy. P. II. The standard conquest myth. P.
• 1. Who are the Palestinians? P. 1.1. The "foreigners' approach". P.
• 2. What is Palestine? P. III. The ownership of the land. P.
• 1. The reformist context. P. 1.1. Tanzimat's impact. P.
• 2. Land tenure classifications. Focus on late Ottoman Palestine. P.
• 3. The musha and the dangers of a simplified approach. P.
• 4. The (mis)representation of the land and its local majority. Dynamics of land alienation. P.
• 5. Decostructing the land tenure issue. P. IV. Zionism: beyond the either/or. P.
• 1. "Leshana haba'ah biYerushalaim!". P.
• 2. Zionism misrepresented. P.
• 3. Effects on the ground. P. 3.1. The desert without a people. P. 3.2. The process of "extra-territorialization". P. V. Zion-London. The Archimedean point. P.
• 1. The rise of Berlin. P.
• 2. Despite it all, London. P.
• 3. Anti-Semitism made in England. Towards the Balfour Declaration. P. VI. Palestine's "non-Jews". P.
• 1. Framing the Balfour Declaration. P.
• 2. The tunnel's two sides. P.
• 3. Messianic times. P.
• 4. Mark Sykes's "door of hope". P.
• 5. Garden Suburb, the turning point. P. VII. Mandate for Palestine: legitimizing the simplification process. P.
• 1. Colonialism's new faces. P.
• 2. Hand-picked leaders. P.
• 2. San Remo Conference: whose land? P.
• 3. Churchill's mark. P. VIII. Divide and rule: the creation of the Transjordan Emirate. P.
• 1. Jordan and/is Palestine? P.
• 2. The region's less colonial border. P. IX. Hajj Am?n al-?usayn? and the Supreme Muslim Council. The longa manus of London. P.
• 1. Imperium in imperio. P.
• 2. The "Gran Muft?" of Great Britain? P.
• 3. The whys of a nomination. P.
• 4. Towards a new Palestinian historiography. P. X. Breaking the standardization process: getting back into history. P.
• 1. The perception of the archives. P.
• 2. The archival deficit. P.
• 3. The case of Abu Dis. P.
• 4. The archives of the future. P.
• Epilogue. P.
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The Palestine Exploration Fund, established in 1865, is the oldest organization created specifically for the study of the Levant. It helped to spur evangelical tourism to the region in the late 19th and early 20th centuries which in turn generated a huge array of literature that presented Palestine as a 'Holy Land', in which local populations were often portrayed as a simple appendix to well-known Biblical scenarios. In the first book focused on modern and contemporary Palestine to provide a top-down and a bottom-up perspective on the process of simplification of the region and its inhabitants under British influence, Lorenzo Kamel offers a comprehensive outlook based on primary sources from 17 archives that spans a variety of cultural and social boundaries, including local identities, land tenure, toponymy, religious and political charges, institutions and borders. By observing the historical dynamics through which a fluid region composed by different cultures and societies has been simplified, the author explores how perceptions of Palestine have been affected today.WINNER OF THE PALESTINE BOOK AWARD 2016.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)