The history of the Middle East is traditionally structured around the rise and fall of dynasties and states. The widely perceived view is that after the glories of an earlier golden age the region went into a steady and prolonged decline: populations decreased, ancient cities decayed and nomadism spread at the expense of civilized culture. In this pioneering text Peter Christensen challenges this story of decline. Long out of print but now reissued with a new introduction by the author, this important work is both a foundational text in the environmental history of the Middle East and a pioneering reassessment of traditional ideas about the historical processes of Iran and the Middle East region.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 9783940924711; 9783940924711; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Introduction;
• 1. Gender and Geography in the Land of Punt;
• 2. The Queen of Sheba in Yemeni and Ethiopian Mythology;
• 3. Diasporic Routes: African Passages to the Gulf;
• 4. The 1964 Zanzibar Genocide: The Politics of Denial;
• 5. Gulfrica: Blowing the Horn of Light into Afrabia;
• 6. Neoliberal Challenges and Transnational Livesof Cameroonian Migrants in Dubai;
• 7. Inclusive Growth, Governance of Natural Resourcesand Sustainable Development in Africa from a Qatari Perspective

• 8. Qatarâ#x80; #x99; s Food and Water Security: An Evolving Strategy9. Healthy Relationships? GCC Global Health Engagement in Africa; About the Contributors; Index

The ties that bind Africa and the Gulf region have deep historical roots that influence both what Braudel called the longue durée and the short-term events of current policy shifts, market-based economic fluctuations, and global and local political vicissitudes. This book, a collaboration of historians, political scientists, development planners, and a biomedical engineer, explores Arabian-African relationships in their many overlapping dimensions. Thus histories constructed from the "bottom up" - records of the everyday activities of commerce, intermarriage, and gender roles - offer an incisi.

• Acknowledgements
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Attempts to Reform
• 3. Tulkarm: The Early History and the Old Local Establishments
• 4. The Second Wave of the Tanzimat : The 1858 Land Code and the New Social Order in the Tulkarm Region
• 5. The Wilaya Law of 1864
• 6. Education and Intellectual Life
• 7. Taxes and Finances
• 8. Public Health, Agriculture, and Trade
• 9. Communications and Transportation Conclusion Notes Bibliography Index.
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During the final decades of Ottoman rule, Palestine was administratively divided into two states, Jerusalem and Beirut. Both provinces exhibited a strikingly cohesive history of modernisation, and as the Ottoman Empire began to recede, the education systems, taxation and bureaucracy which were left behind formed the foundation of administration in the Palestinian authority today. The reign of Sultan Abdulmecid I saw great changes in Palestine, in line with the Tanzimat reform programme. These changes included the monetisation of the economy, structural changes in land ownership, legal reform, moves towards Ottoman centralisation and the first European immigration to the area. Education was expanded to the lower classes, and Arab and Palestinian nationalism and Islamic movements began to stir by the end of the century as the first Zionist settlers arrived. At the heart of these radical shifts in thought and infrastructure were the new administrative centres established by the Ottomans during this period of re-organisation. Drawing extensively on official Ottoman records, Farid Al-Salim charts the transformation of one such centre, Tulkarm, from a small village in central Palestine to a seat of administrative reform in order to provide a new account of the forces behind the formation of modern Palestine.
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• 9783940924117; 9783940924117; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; Introduction;
• 1. Gulf-Asia Economic Relations, Pan-Gulf and Pan-Asia Perspectives;
• 2. The Growing Roles of Asian Powers in the Gulf: A Saudi Perspective;
• 3. Iranâ#x80; #x99; s Ties with Asia;
• 4. Turkey and the Gulf: An Evolving Economic Partnership;
• 5. Russia and the Gulf: the Main Principles of the Political andEconomic Dialogue;
• 6. Situating the Gulf in Indiaâ#x80; #x99; s Engagement with Emerging Asia;
• 7. India and the Emerging Gulf: Between â#x80; #x9C; Strategic Balancingâ#x80; #x9D; andâ#x80; #x9C; Soft Powerâ#x80; #x9D; Options

• 8. The Economic Relations Between China and the GCC Countriessince
• 20089. China and Iran: Special Economic Partners;
• 10. Mobilizing Muslim Minority, Targeting Arab Trade: Chinaâ#x80; #x99; s Ningxiaas the Islamic Hub for China-Arab Connections;
• 11. China and the Gulf: The Social and Cultural Implications ofTheir Rapidly Developing Economic Ties;
• 12. Beyond Food for Fuel: the Little Red Dot inGCC-ASEAN Relations;
• 13. What Determines Malaysiaâ#x80; #x99; s Interest in the GCC?;
• 14. Small is Beautiful: South Korean-Gulf Relations as an Example ofStrategic Engagement by Players in Different Arenas

• 15. Japanâ#x80; #x99; s Engagement in the Gulf16. Japan and the Gulf: Balancing the Business Relationship; List of Contributors

Asia constitutes the hub of the transformation of global economic power today. The Gulf, itself part of Asia, is of increasing importance in this transformation. This book documents the growing interactions between the economies of the Gulf states and those of the rest of Asia. These relationships are critical to how the world economy develops over the next decade, and how economic (and perhaps strategic) power is distributed._x000B__x000B_This volume assembles cutting-edge thinking by 16 specialists on a wide variety of topics covering Arab Gulf relations with China, Japan, ASEAN, Korea and I.

• Introduction
• Documents. A. U.S. policy for dealing with the Islamic State / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. ; B. Combatting the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr. ; C. Islamic State propaganda / commentary by Douglas C. Lovelace, Jr.

• 9783940924612; 9783940924612; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Acknowledgements; Contents; Introduction and Overview; I. Career Aspirations of Students;
• 1. Meeting Career Expectations? The Perception of Female Studentstowards Employment in Omanâ#x80; #x99; s Segmented Labor Market;
• 2. Self-Motivation Career Aspirations and Work Responsibilities:The Perspective of Saudi Male Undergraduates atKing Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals;
• 3. The Perception of Young Emiratis on Emiratisation; II. Surveys of Employee Motivation Andworkplace Values

• 4. Cross-National Heterogeneity of Hofstedeâ#x80; #x99; s â#x80; #x98; Arab Countriesâ#x80; #x99;
• 5. Key Drivers for Employee Engagement and Productivity ofGCC Nationals and Expatriates: A Longitudinal Study 2010-2012;
• 6. A Strengths-Based Approach to Enhancing Youth Motivation andEmployability: Research and Practice from the GCC, with a Focus on Bahrain; III. Entrepreneurship as A Solution to Theunemployment Problems;
• 7. The Two Universes of Entrepreneurship in the United Arab Emirates:An Answer to the Gulf Employment Conundrum?;
• 8. Rents, Start-Ups, and Obstacles to SME Entrepreneurialism inOman, Bahrain and Qatar

• IV. Cultural and Religious Roots Ofbusiness Ethics and Work Motivation9. Saudi Manufacturing: Can Monozukuri Take Root in the Kingdom?;
• 10. The Anthropological Elements of Failed Saudization:Historicism, Image, Islam and Tribe;
• 11. Setting the Agenda for Global Dialogue: A Theoretical andPractical Approach to Business Ethics in Saudi Arabia; Bibliography; About the Contributors; Index

The notion of "rentier mentality" has haunted the literature on the Gulf States for almost 40 years now. However, few studies have actually provided insight into how the nationals themselves perceive their career motivators, employability and productivity. The eleven studies of this book present both empirical findings and case studies that reveal what nationals expect from their workplace and what hinders them from a personal, meaningful contribution. While it seems that an initially high work motivation is often annihilated by structural impediments such as a strong hierarchy or widespread.

• Interdependent spaces : relations between the city and the countryside in the nineteenth century / Sarah D. Shields
• Political relations between city and state in the Middle East, 1700-1850 / Dina Rizk Khoury
• The economic organization of cities in Ottoman Syria / Abdul-Karim Rafeq
• Political relations between city and state in the colonial period / Leila Fawaz and Robert Ilbert
• The demography of cities and the expansion of urban space / Bernard Hourcade
• Moving out of place : minorities in Middle Eastern urban societies, 1800-1914 / Gudrun Krämer
• Urban social movements, 1750-1950 / Sami Zubaida.

The great cities of the Middle East and North Africa have long attracted the attention and interest of historians. With the discovery and wider use over the last few decades of the Islamic court records and Ottoman administrative documents, our knowledge of Middle Eastern cities between the seventeenth and early twentieth centuries has vastly expanded. Drawing upon a treasure trove of documents and using a variety of methodologies, the contributors succeed in providing a significant overview of the ways in which Middle Eastern cities can be studied, as well as an excellent introduction to current literature in the field.Islam has often been characterized as an 'urban religion'; recognizing Islam's deep ties to civic matters and to the city itself, the essays gathered here explore the interconnectedness between religion and its geography. The authors effectively define and map out urban social history in the Middle East from the eighteenth to twentieth centuries, affording us a foundational volume that enriches our understanding of society in the late Ottoman and colonial periods.
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• Frontmatter
• Contents
• List of Maps
• Preface
• Abbreviations
• Chapter 1. Escalation
• Chapter 2. Saddam's Qadisiyyah
• Chapter 3. How Did It Come to Th is?
• Chapter 4. Did the United States Push Saddam to Attack?
• Chapter 5. France Sides with Iraq
• Chapter 6. The Arabs Divided
• Chapter 7. Israel Banks on Iran and Turkey Benefits from the War
• Chapter 8. The "Valmy" Effect
• Chapter 9. Stalemate
• Chapter 10. The Initiative Changes Sides
• Chapter 11. The Mullahs Take Power
• Chapter 12. First Victories
• Chapter 13. New Mediation
• Chapter 14. The Iranians Recapture Their Territory
• Chapter 15. Blessed Ramadan Offensive
• Chapter 16. Bloody Dawns
• Chapter 17. Saddam's Ace in the Hole
• Chapter 18. The Lebanese Hostage Crisis
• Chapter 19. Money Has No Smell
• Chapter 20. Total War
• Chapter 21. The Year of the Pilot
• Chapter 22. Oil and the War Machine
• Chapter 24. Deadlock
• Chapter 25. The Iran-Contra Affair
• Chapter 26. All- Out Offensives
• Chapter 27. Iran Changes Strategy
• Chapter 28. The Gulf Set Ablaze
• Chapter 29. The Halabja Massacre
• Chapter 30. The Destruction of Iran Air Flight 655
• Chapter 31. Endgame
• Epilogue
• Appendixes
• Notes
• Sources
• Acknowledgments
• Index.

From 1980 to 1988, Iran and Iraq fought the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. The tragedies included the slaughter of child soldiers, the use of chemical weapons, the striking of civilian shipping in the Gulf, and the destruction of cities. The Iran-Iraq War offers an unflinching look at a conflict seared into the region's collective memory but little understood in the West. Pierre Razoux shows why this war remains central to understanding Middle Eastern geopolitics, from the deep-rooted distrust between Sunni and Shia Muslims, to Iran's obsession with nuclear power, to the continuing struggles in Iraq. He provides invaluable keys to decipher Iran's behavior and internal struggle today. Razoux's account is based on unpublished military archives, oral histories, and interviews, as well as audio recordings seized by the U.S. Army detailing Saddam Hussein's debates with his generals. Tracing the war's shifting strategies and political dynamics-military operations, the jockeying of opposition forces within each regime, the impact on oil production so essential to both countries-Razoux also looks at the international picture. From the United States and Soviet Union to Israel, Europe, China, and the Arab powers, many nations meddled in this conflict, supporting one side or the other and sometimes switching allegiances. The Iran-Iraq War answers questions that have puzzled historians. Why did Saddam embark on this expensive, ultimately fruitless conflict? Why did the war last eight years when it could have ended in months? Who, if anyone, was the true winner when so much was lost?
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• 9783940924391; 9783940924391; Half Title; Title; Copyright; Contents; 1 State-Society Relations in the Arab Gulf Region:Dilemmas and Prospects; 2 The Internet and Youth in the United Arab Emirates; 3 Social Media and the Forging of a Transnational Shiâ#x80; #x99; a Identity:the Case of the Kingdom of Bahrain; 4 Social Media: Impacts on Arabian Gulf Youth and Governments; 5 The Emergence of Arab Childrenâ#x80; #x99; s Television andAnimation Industry in the Gulf States; 6 The Impact of Global Communications on Family Values in Qatar; 7 Neoliberalism and the New Means of Art of Government in theGulf Monarchies

"This book examines the strategies and dynamics through which state-society relations in the Arab Gulf region have been cultivated, and explores the alternative political, social, economic and popular changes that threaten these relations. The work focuses on understanding how state sovereignty has been shifting to accommodate internal social, cultural, and intellectual forces and how these forces have managed to balance social and political powers in order to function within and co-exist alongside the state." --Page [4] of cover.

• Intro
• Acknowledgements
• Introduction
• 1 Orientalism and Analysis: Ideas of the 'Arab'
• 2 Formation of the United Arab Republic
• 3 Revolution in Iraq
• 4 Syrian Secession
• 5 Civil War in Yemen
• 6 Six-Day War
• 7 War of Attrition
• 8 Early Years of Sadat's Presidency
• 9 Yom Kippur War
• 10 Aftermath of Victory
• Conclusion
• Bibliography
• Index.

Have Western experts fundamentally failed to understand the dynamics, leaders and culture of the Middle East? Dina Rezk analyses 8 case studies, culminating in the assassination of Egyptian President Anwar el Sadat on live television on 6 October 1981, Drawing on declassified documents, interviews and multi-archival research, she explores how the most powerful intelligence agencies in the world have been so notoriously caught off guard in post-WWII Middle East.
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Syria (which in its historical wider sense includes modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel/Palestine and Jordan) has always been at the centre of events of world importance. It was in this region that pastoral-stock rearing, settled agriculture and alphabetic writing were invented (and the dog domesticated). From Syria, Phoenician explorers set out to explore the whole Mediterranean region and sailed round Africa 2,000 years before Vasco de Gama. These are achievements enough but the succeeding centuries offer a rich tapestry of turbulent change, a cycle of repeated conquest, unification, rebellion and division. John D Grainger gives a sweeping overview (though replete with telling details) of the making of this historical region. From the end of the ice age through the procession of Assyrian, Phoenician, Persian, Greek, Roman, Arab, Turkish, French and British attempts to dominate this area, the key events and influences are clearly explained and analysed. The events playing out on our TV screens over recent years are put in the context of 12,000 years of history.
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• The old and new conversations / Ilan Pappé
• Dialogues. The past / Noam Chomsky and Ilan Pappé ; The present / Noam Chomsky and Ilan Pappé ; The future / Noam Chomsky and Ilan Pappé ; Inside Israel / Frank Barat and Ilan Pappé ; Inside the United States / Frank Barat and Noam Chomsky
• Reflections. Gaza's torment, Israel's crimes, our responsibilities / Noam Chomsky ; A brief history of Israel's incremental genocide / Ilan Pappé ; Nightmare in Gaza / Noam Chomsky ; The futility and immorality of partition in Palestine / Ilan Pappé ; Ceasefires in which violations never cease / Noam Chomsky ; An address to the United Nations / Noam Chomsky.

Annotation Operation Protective Edge, Israel's most recent assault on Gaza, left thousands of Palestinians dead and cleared the way for another Israeli land grab. The need to stand in solidarity with Palestinians has never been greater. Ilan Pappé and Noam Chomsky, two leading voices in the struggle to liberate Palestine, discuss the road ahead for Palestinians and how the international community can pressure Israel to end its human rights abuses against the people of Palestine. On Palestine is the sequel to their acclaimed book Gaza in Crisis.

• Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Series Foreword: The Great Unraveling: The Remaking of the Middle East; The Struggle for Mastery in the Fertile Crescent; I. The Patrons; II. In the Name of the Saints; III. Blowback; IV. A War with No Secrets; V.A War with No Victors; VI. A Foreigner's Gift : Liberation in Iraq; VII. The Matter of State Power; VIII. The Last Refuge?; Source Notes; About the Author; About the Hoover Institution's Herbert and Jane Dwight Working Group on Islamism and the International Order; Index.

Fouad Ajami analyses the struggle for influence along the Fertile Crescent-the stretch of land that runs from Iran's border with Iraq to the Mediterranean-among three of the regional powers that have stepped into the vacuum left by the West: Iran, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia. He explains that, of the three powers competing for influence, Saudi Arabia and Iran are in it for the long haul. Each of those powers has a sense of mission and constituencies that enable it to stick it out and pay the price for a sphere of influence. Ajami details each country's prospects for supremacy and asserts that Iran must ultimately be reckoned to be the strongest.
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• Editor's Foreword; Preface; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Map; Chronology; Introduction; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M; N; O; P; Q; R; S; T; U; W; Y; Z; Appendix A. 'Iraqi Cabinets, 1920-2003; Appendix B. Revolutionary Command Councils, 1968-2003; Appendix C. 'Iraqi Governments, 2003-2012; Appendix D. Election Results, 2005-2010; Bibliography; About the Authors.

The Historical Dictionary of Iraq, Second Edition covers the history of Iraq through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has several hundred cross-referenced entries on important personalities, politics, economy, foreign relations, religion, and culture. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Iraq.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Who, what, where
• In the beginning
• Governments and politics
• Inside Israel
• Understanding the Palestinians
• The other players
• The issues.