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• Contents and Abstracts1Two Legal Traditions chapter abstractA legal tradition is a set of deeply rooted and historically conditioned attitudes about the law. The civil law tradition is the oldest and most widespread legal tradition of the world.
• 2Roman Civil Law, Canon Law, and Commercial Law chapter abstractThe oldest layer of the civil law tradition is the Roman law developed beginning in the fifth century BC, which flourished between the first and third centuries BC. Two other layers are canon law, developed by the Catholic Church for the governance of the faithful and of the church itself, and the commercial law developed by the Italian merchant guilds in late medieval times.
• 3The Revolution chapter abstractThe French Revolution provided many of the ideas of the present-day civil law tradition: the rationalization of law, its association with the state, the equality of citizens, and the importance of rights were key aspects of the French Revolution, and they are still at the center of the civil law tradition conception of law.
• 4The Sources of Law chapter abstractThe strengthening of nation-states in Europe and the generalization of the separation of government branches promoted the idea that the law was associated with statutes and that these were the main source of law.
• 5Codes and Codification chapter abstractThe codification of law has been perceived as a typical character of the legal systems of the civil law tradition. Nevertheless, codes exist in common law jurisdictions, and some civil law countries have not codified their law. The difference is that codes play a central role in civil law countries, while they have a modest place in a country like the United States.
• 6Judges chapter abstractContrary to the common law tradition, in which judges have a central role, judges in the civil law tradition are conceived of as civil servants whose role is to apply the legislation in a mechanical way. This conception has been contested by scholarship, and the increased importance of constitutions and constitutional review has strengthened judges' role.
• 7The Interpretation of Statutes chapter abstractCodes and legislation are supposed to be clear and unambiguous so as to provide an easy resolution of cases before judges. In practice, things are more complex, and judges and other readers need to "interpret" the legislation. Initially, judges were denied this power, and interpretation rested with the legislature itself and special bodies in the legislative branch, such as the Cour de Cassation in France. In general, scholars today recognize that judges interpret the law and that there is little difference in this regard between the civil law and the common law traditions.
• 8Certainty and Equity chapter abstractIn the civil law tradition, legal certainty is a supreme value, which gives a certain rigidity to the legal systems within this tradition. The concept of equity is a way of giving flexibility to judges, but equity has a very limited place in the civil law tradition. This is another reason for the reduced role of judges in this tradition.
• 9Scholars and Legal Education chapter abstractUnlike the common law, in which judges have a central role, the central figure in the civil law tradition is the professor-scholar. These scholars are responsible for elaboration of codes and legislation and are considered the most authoritative figures for interpretation of these legal documents. In this respect, the civil and common law traditions are increasingly similar. In the common law countries, scholars have played a more prominent role as law schools in United States and other common law countries have been strengthened.
• 10Legal Science chapter abstractIn nineteenth-century Germany, scholars developed "legal science": an elaboration of concepts and principles starting from positive legal rules. This innovation was quickly accepted in other civil law countries, even if there has been persistent resistance for those who look to interests and the social and economic context of law.
• 11The General Part chapter abstractThere is a set of general concepts built by legal scholars that can appear in the preliminary part of the civil code and are considered general principles of law. The central idea is that the law is composed of norms, and norms established by the state are the only true law (or "positive law"), but there are principles that are supposed to apply to the construction and interpretation of norms that are beyond the reach of legislators.
• 12The Legal Process chapter abstractA common perception of the legal process in the civil law countries is that legal scholars take care of the systematic statement of law and that legislators, inspired by them, improve the legislation to make it gapless and logical consistent. Judges' role is the mechanical application of law. In practice, things are more complex. Legal scholars have different viewpoints, and legislation tries to respond to policy issues. Judges are more important than accepted by the model. Many scholars are critical of this way of thinking the legal process and have introduced economic, social, and policy considerations in the analysis of law, but the traditional "dogmatic" way of thinking of the law persists in most law schools.
• 13The Division of Jurisdiction chapter abstractWhile in the common law countries the courts tend to have jurisdiction over all law fields, in the civil law countries there is a set of administrative and constitutional courts separated from the courts of general jurisdiction. The reason is a very rigid idea of separation of the different branches of public power.
• 14Legal Categories chapter abstractThe distinction between private law and public law is considered fundamental in the civil law tradition. Private law regulates the relation among citizens: the state establishes the general rules and is the arbiter or adjudicator in their conflicts. In the public law, the state is a party. Principles, rules, and jurisdictions are supposed to be different. In practice, things are more complex, and the distinction-or more generally the distinction between branches of law-is less important in present-day legal scholarship.
• 15The Legal Professions chapter abstractCivil law professionals have specialized careers. After law school, they have to choose which additional training they will receive to become judges, prosecutors, advocates, notaries, and so on. Within each career path there is frequently vertical advancement, but horizontal mobility is infrequent.
• 16Civil Procedure chapter abstractThe typical civil proceeding in a civil law country is actually a series of isolated meetings and written communications between counsel and the judge, in which evidence is introduced, testimony is given, and procedural motions and rulings are made. There is no trial in the sense known in the common law. Appeals are frequent, and appellate judges have the power to reanalyze evidence.
• 17Criminal Procedure chapter abstractThe traditional type of criminal procedure in the civil law countries is "inquisitorial" in the sense that the judge had to look for the truth, or the elements required for conviction. The common law criminal procedure is considered "accusatorial" in the sense that accuser or prosecutor has a central role, as well as defender. The judge moderates the debate, hears the parties, and instructs the jury. More recent changes in criminal law procedure incorporate many elements of the accusatorial style, including the plea bargain, a negotiation between prosecutor and defender to accelerate the procedure in exchange for leniency.
• 18Constitutional Review chapter abstractThe civil law countries are moving away from the idea of legislative supremacy and the subdued role of judges. First, the need to control the public administration led to the role of an administrative justice. Later, the conviction that the constitution should not be modified by legislation led to constitutional review. Some civil law countries, following the example of the United States, rest the power of constitutional review in the Supreme Court, while other countries have preferred to create a special constitutional court.
• 19Perspectives chapter abstractThe civil law tradition offers important variations from country to country, much of which are related to different national political, cultural, and economic histories. The civil law tradition is also constantly changing not only because of the pressure of external forces but also because of the constant criticism of its own scholars.
• 20The Future of the Civil Law Tradition chapter abstractTraditions change, including those of the civil law. In our time the loss of the importance of codes (decodification) and the increase in special legislation and judge-made law are visible. Also evident is the increased importance of the constitution and constitutional courts and judges. Finally, there is a tendency toward strengthening international courts and fora. In Europe this tendency has taken the form of a federalization.
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Designed for the general reader and students of law, this is a concise history and analysis of the civil law tradition, which is dominant in most of Europe, all of Latin America, and many parts of Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. The fourth edition is fully updated to include the latest developments in the field and to correct and update historical details gleaned from newly-published research on Roman and Medieval law. In the past ten years, the legal profession has changed radically, with the growing international ubiquity of large law firms operating across borders (which was previously a uniquely American phenomenon). This new edition updates the book from the post-Soviet era to ongoing current issues, including Brexit and the status of the European Union. It discusses how civil law codes have shifted in some countries to adapt to modern and changing ideologies and also includes brand-new material on legal education, which is of central importance to the legal profession today.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Body Is Not an Apology The Power of Radical Self-Love Against a global backdrop of war, social upheaval, and personal despair, there is a growing sense of urgency to challenge the systems of oppression that dehumanize bodies and strip us of our shared humanity. Rather than feel helpless in the face of oppression, world-renowned activist, performance poet, and author Sonya Renee Taylor teaches us how to turn to the power of radical self-love in her new book, The Body Is Not an Apology. Radical self-love is the guiding framework that transforms the learned self-hatred of our bodies and the prejudices we have about other people's bodies into a vision of compassion, equity, and justice. In a revolutionary departure from the corporate self-help and body-positivity movement, Taylor forges the inextricable bond between radical self-love and social justice. The first step is recognizing that we have all been indoctrinated into a system of body shame that profits off of our self-hatred. When we ask ourselves, "Who benefits from our collective shame?" we can begin to make the distinction between the messages we are receiving about our bodies or other bodies and the truth. This book moves us beyond our all-too-often hidden lives, where we are easily encouraged to forget that we are whole humans having whole human experiences in our bodies alongside others. Radical self-love encourages us to embark on a personal journey of transformation with thoughtful reflection on the origins of our minds and bodies as a source of strength. In doing this, we not only learn to reject negative messages about ourselves but begin to thwart the very power structures that uphold them. Systems of oppression thrive off of our inability to make peace with bodies and difference. Radical self-love not only dismantles shame and self-loathing in us but has the power to dismantle global systems of injustice-because when we make peace with our bodies, only then do we have the capacity to truly make peace with the bodies of others.

• Foreword, Laszlo Bartosiewicz and Erika Gal Laszlo Bartosiewicz and Erika Gal: Introduction: care, neglect and the "osteological paradox" Kamilla Pawlowska: Animal diseases in Neolithic societies: Catalhoeyuk (Turkey) in the spotlight Laszlo Bartosiewicz, Eva A. Nyerges and Anna Zs. Biller: Palaeopathology at the Eneolithic tell settlement of Polyanitsa (Bulgaria) investigated by Sandor Boekoenyi Erika Gal and Gunther Karl Kunst: Limping to the temple - Palaeopathology at a Roman sacrificial site in Carnuntum, Austria. Nemanja Markovic, Oliver Stevanovic, Maciej Janeczek, Darko Marinkovic, Nikola Krstic and Vujadin Ivanisevic: Animal Health in Caricin Grad (Justiniana Prima) in Time of Transition: Preliminary Results Yasha Hourani: Congenital anomalies and traumatic injuries in dogs from Laodicea in Canaan (Hellenistic Beirut, Lebanon) Lauren Bellis: Reviewing the pathology and welfare of dogs in Roman Britain Henriette Baron: Four Equestrian Burials from the Avar Cemetery at Vienna Csokorgasse, Austria: The health of horses and dogs William Taylor and Tumurbaatar Tuvshinjargal: Horseback Riding, Asymmetry, and Changes to the Equine Skull: Evidence for mounted riding in Mongolia's Late Bronze Age Pamela J. Cross: Where have all the Mares Gone? Sex and "gender" related pathology in archaeological horses: clues to horse husbandry and use practices Kyra Lyublyanovics: Pelvic fracture in horse: a late medieval case from Karcag-Orgondaszentmiklos, eastern Hungary Laszlo Bartosiewicz: Taphonomy and disease prevalence in animal palaeopathology: The proverbial "veterinary horse" Henriette Baron: From arthrosis to necrosis: Many, many pathological chickens from the Avar cemetery at Vienna Csokorgasse Annamaria Barany: "Babos" (spotted) pigs in Zalavar/Mosaburg, SW Hungary: Possible causes of a tusk pathology Yves Darton and Isabelle Rodet-Belarbi: Damage caused by permanent fetters in present-day sheep on the island of Delos (Greece) Marta Daroczi-Szabo and Laszlo Daroczi-Szabo: Medieval multi-horned sheep from present-day Budapest, Hungary Jennifer Harland and Wim Van Neer: Weird Fish: Defining a role for fish bone pathologies Hanna Kivikero: Skeletal anomalies in medieval and early modern fish: A case study from Castle Kastelholm in the Baltic Sea.
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Animals have always been integral to culture. Their interaction with humans has intensified since the onset of domestication resulting in higher incidences of animal disease due to human intervention. At the same time, human care has counter-balanced pressures of natural selection, reducing morbidity among wild animals. Prior to the emergence of a veterinary record, animal disease can only be traced by analysing pathological symptoms on excavated animal remains. This volume presents a collection of studies in the discipline of animal palaeopathology. An international team of experts offer reviews of animal welfare at ancient settlements from both prehistoric and historic periods across Eurasia. Several chapters are devoted to the diseases of dog and horse, two animals of prominent emotional importance in many civilisations. Curious phenomena observed on the bones of poultry, sheep, pig and even fish are discussed within their respective cultural contexts. Many poorly healed bones are suggestive of neglect in the case of ordinary livestock. On the other hand, a great degree of compassion may be presumed behind the long survival of seriously ill companion animals. In addition to furthering our better technical understanding of animal disease in the past, this volume also mirrors the diversity of human attitudes towards animals during our millennia-long relationship. Some animal bones show signs of extreme cruelty but others also reveal the great attention paid to the recovery of sick animals. Such attitudes tend to be a largely hidden yet are characteristic aspects of how people relate to the surrounding world and, ultimately, to each other.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A brief history of common burial landscapes prior to the nineteenth century
• Changing attitudes toward nature and death
• The rural cemetery movement
• Physical and design characteristics of rural cemeteries
• Plants in rural cemeteries
• Symbolism in rural cemeteries
• Impact of rural cemeteries on the American landscape and the profession of landscape architecture.

During the Industrial Revolution people flocked to American cities. Overcrowding in these areas led to packed urban graveyards that were not only unsightly, but were also a source of public health fears. The solution was a revolutionary new type of American burial ground located in the countryside just beyond the city. This rural cemetery movement, which featured beautifully landscaped grounds and sculptural monuments, is documented by James R. Cothran and Erica Danylchak in Grave Landscapes: The Nineteenth-Century Rural Cemetery Movement. The movement began in Boston, where a group of reformers that included members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society were grappling with the city's mounting burial crisis. Inspired by the naturalistic garden style and melancholy-infused commemorative landscapes that had emerged in Europe, the group established a burial ground outside of Boston on an expansive tract of undulating, wooded land and added meandering roadways, picturesque ponds, ornamental trees and shrubs, and consoling memorials. They named it Mount Auburn and officially dedicated it as a rural cemetery. This groundbreaking endeavor set a powerful precedent that prompted the creation of similarly landscaped rural cemeteries outside of growing cities first in the Northeast, then in the Midwest and South, and later in the West. These burial landscapes became a cultural phenomenon attracting not only mourners seeking solace, but also urbanites seeking relief from the frenetic confines of the city. Rural cemeteries predated America's public parks, and their popularity as picturesque retreats helped propel America's public parks movement. This beautifully illustrated volume features more than 150 historic photographs, stereographs, postcards, engravings, maps, and contemporary images that illuminate the inspiration for rural cemeteries, their physical evolution, and the nature of the landscapes they inspired. Extended profiles of twenty-four rural cemeteries reveal the cursive design features of this distinctive landscape type prior to the American Civil War and its evolution afterward. Grave Landscapes details rural cemetery design characteristics to facilitate their identification and preservation and places rural cemeteries into the broader context of American landscape design to encourage appreciation of their broader influence on the design of public spaces.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sample preparation for inorganic trace element analysis / Henryk Matusiewicz
• Analytical techniques for trace element determination / Ewa Bulska and Anna Ruszczyńska
• Trace elements in the environment / Emilia Vassileva and Petko Mandjukov
• Food analysis and speciation / Katarzyna Wrobel, Kazimierz Wrobel, Alma Rosa Corrales Escobosa and Armando Gómez Ojeda
• Trace element and speciation analysis of biological samples / Anna Ruszczyńska and Eliza Kurek
• Forensic analysis of microtraces / Wiktor Dmitruk and Zuzanna Brożek-Mucha
• Industrial analysis and speciation / Andrzej Wyciślik
• Quality of results in trace element and speciation analysis / Ewa Bulska
• Beata Krasnodębska-Ostręga, Monika Sadowska and Ewa Biaduń
• Solid-phase extraction in fractionation of trace elements / Pawel Pohl, Anna Szymczycha-Madeja, Maja Welna and Piotr Jamroz.

"Highly accurate chemical speciation and trace element analysis is of great importance in environmental, biological, food sciences, and forensic analysis, as well as in industry. Trace analysis via atomic spectrometry, mass spectroscopy or gas chromatography provides detailed information on chemical forms of elements and elemental trace analysis. This book comprehensively presents sampling and sample preparation, modern analytical techniques, timely application, and quality controlling"-- Back cover.

• Preface. What Might Be Learned From Examining Curricular Perspectives Across Countries? Primary School Mathematics in the Netherlands: The Perspective of the Curriculum Documents Curriculum in France: A National Frame inTransition Mathematics Curriculum: The Case of Finland Curriculum in Canada: A Fractal Interpretation Using the Case of Alberta Mathematics Curriculum in the United States: New Challenges and Opportunities A South African Perspective on the Mathematics Curriculum: Towards A Transcending Metacognitive Ideology Discussing the Mathematics Curriculum in Brazil The Korean Mathematics Curriculum: Characteristics and Challenges Transcending Boundaries:What Have We Learned? About the Editors. About the Contributors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Curriculum can be defined in a variety of ways. It might be viewed as a body of knowledge, a product, or a process. Curricula can differ as they are conceptualized from various theoretical perspectives to address the needs of teachers, students, and the context of schooling. One reason to study curriculum is "to reveal the expectations, processes and outcomes of students' school learning experiences that are situated in different cultural and system contexts. ... further studies of curriculum practices and changes aremuch needed to help ensure the success of educational reforms in the different cultural and system contexts" (Kulm & Li, 2009, p.709). This volume highlights international perspectives on curriculum and aims to broaden the wider mathematics education community's understandings of mathematics curriculum through viewing a variety of ways that curricula are developed, understood, and implemented in different jurisdictions/countries. Within this volume, we define curriculum broadly as the set of mathematics standards or outcomes, the messages inherent in mathematics curriculum documents and resources, how these standards are understood by a variety of stakeholders, and how they are enacted in classrooms. The focus is on the written, implied, and enacted curriculum in various educational settings throughout the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments
• Part 1 You will also require an umbrella To the end of the earth So here we are Every day someone's child dies Laying the foundation Who among them ever heard of Descartes? In their most dire poverty we find wealth There are times when I really hate this work The swift ticking of a little heart There are no bridges Amadou Ali Slipping and sliding through the mud When in doubt, do nothing, go nowhere, say not a word He was burned everywhere There is sure to be sorcery involved Of donkeys, sheep and stables The God in Kolofata
• Part 2 She made it clear that she had reached her final destination Keeping the front wheels in front of the back I am counting on you, should God turn out to be Muslim The father of the husband ate her You know about satellite phones? Write well to the Big People, tell them about this place Whatever you do, don't say you're from English Of the pain they bear, how much is our share? The sous-prefet wants to see you There is a huge difference between 108 and 112 degrees
• Part 3 Their ability to cope is almost beyond belief Sympathy and shared horror Every jutting rib, every mother's tear Some day my very soul will leave my body Just weeds People say it is blood being poured over the moon God decided her time had come to die They close the nose and mouth, lest the last breath escape Bodies lying contorted on the sand Where things get done My mother, I am dying I'm going to carry you on my back Obama City If you shake their hands, your testicles fall off Here, take this, please, fix it
• Part 4 I wonder who will deliver her first child The war is going to come to Cameroon Do they want to kill you or abduct you? Who knows what they are eating Our job is to take care of them to the best of our ability What good fortune we Americans have had How do you say no if the person asking is holding an AK-47? Trekking to go somewhere, anywhere Where I come from, you do not ask questions We wondered if Kolofata was being set up as the bull's-eye Not longer than seven years, seven weeks and seven days Whatever you can do, you should do Among the slaughtered are many we cared for
• Epilogue.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

When Dr. Ellen Einterz first arrives in the town of Kolofata in Cameroon, the situation is dire: patients are exploited by healthcare workers, unsterilized needles are reused, and only the wealthy can afford care. In Life and Death in Kolofata: An American Doctor in Africa, Einterz tells her remarkable story of delivering healthcare for 24 years in one of the poorest countries in the world, revealing both touching stories of those she is able to help and the terrible suffering of people born in extreme poverty. In one case, a 6-year-old burn victim suffers after an oil tanker tips and catches fire; in another story, Dr. Einterz delivers a child in the front yard of her home. In addition to struggling to cure diseases and injuries and combat malnutrition, Einterz faced another kind of danger: the terrorist organization Boko Haram had successively kidnapped politicians from Cameroon and foreigners, and they had set their sights on Americans in particular. It would only be a matter of time before they would come for her. Tragic, heartwarming, and at times even humorous, Life and Death in Kolofata illustrates daily life for the people of Cameroon and their doctor, documenting both the incredible human suffering in the world and the difference that can be made by those willing to help.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction Checklists of Species Keys Family and Species Accounts Glossary Bibliography Illustration Credits Index.
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Because of its wide geographic scope and harsh conditions, Canada's Arctic presents many challenges for researchers and biologists. In this book, scientists from the Canadian Museum of Nature and Fisheries and Oceans Canada present a guide to the marine fishes found in Arctic Canadian waters and featuring up-to-date research on 222 species. Each of the 58 families is described in a general account followed by species accounts comprising common name, taxonomy, physical description and identification, habitat data, biology, distribution, commercial importance, and traditional knowledge. Many of the species are known only to scientists and come from the deeper waters of the Davis Strait while others have been important food sources for Indigenous peoples for millennia. A wide-ranging general introduction looks at the history of research, fish habitats, climate, fisheries, fish structure, and the collection and preservation of fishes while an essay on traditional ecological knowledge provides an important perspective. Exquisite black-and-white drawings of each species complement colour photos and illustrations. Finally, new range maps showing distributions across Arctic Canada were created for this volume. The book will be a welcome reference work for Northern residents, biologists and ecologists, environmental groups, and resource extraction companies operating in the North, as well as commercial and amateur fishers in Canada and in other circumpolar countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Dedication Acknowledgements Introduction Checklists of Species Keys Family and Species Accounts Glossary Bibliography Illustration Credits Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Because of its wide geographic scope and harsh conditions, Canada's Arctic presents many challenges for researchers and biologists. In this book, scientists from the Canadian Museum of Nature and Fisheries and Oceans Canada present a guide to the marine fishes found in Arctic Canadian waters and featuring up-to-date research on 222 species. Each of the 58 families is described in a general account followed by species accounts comprising common name, taxonomy, physical description and identification, habitat data, biology, distribution, commercial importance, and traditional knowledge. Many of the species are known only to scientists and come from the deeper waters of the Davis Strait while others have been important food sources for Indigenous peoples for millennia. A wide-ranging general introduction looks at the history of research, fish habitats, climate, fisheries, fish structure, and the collection and preservation of fishes while an essay on traditional ecological knowledge provides an important perspective. Exquisite black-and-white drawings of each species complement colour photos and illustrations. Finally, new range maps showing distributions across Arctic Canada were created for this volume. The book will be a welcome reference work for Northern residents, biologists and ecologists, environmental groups, and resource extraction companies operating in the North, as well as commercial and amateur fishers in Canada and in other circumpolar countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• part I. Open data for development
• 2. The relevance of open data for developing economies
• 3. The impact of open data on developing economies
• 4. The impact of open data in developing economies across sectors
• part II. Case studies
• Open data's impact on improving government.
• 5. Burundi's open RBF
• 6. India's ESMI
• 7. Open Development Cambodia
• 8. Uganda's iparticipate
• Open data's impact on empowering citizens.
• 9. Gottovote! Kenya
• 10. Tanzania's open education dashboards
• 11. South Africa's Medicine Price Registry
• Open data's impact on creating opportunity.
• 12. Aclímate Colombia
• 13. Ghana's Esoko
• 14. Jamaica's Interactive Community Mapping
• Open data's impact on solving public problems.
• 15. Nepal earthquake recovery
• 16. Paraguay's dengue prediction
• part III. Conclusion
• 17. Leveraging open data as a new asset for development.

Recent years have witnessed considerable speculation about the potential of open data to bring about wide-scale transformation. The bulk of existing evidence about the impact of open data, however, focuses on high-income countries. Much less is known about open data's role and value in low- and middle-income countries, and more generally about its possible contributions to economic and social development. Open Data for Developing Economies features in-depth case studies on how open data is having an impact across the developing world-from an agriculture initiative in Colombia to data-driven healthcare projects in Uganda and South Africa to crisis response in Nepal. The analysis built on these case studies aims to create actionable intelligence regarding: (a) the conditions under which open data is most (and least) effective in development, presented in the form of a Periodic Table of Open Data; (b) strategies to maximize the positive contributions of open data to development; and (c) the means for limiting open data's harms on developing countries.

• Intro; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Prologue; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of tables; Introduction; I. Regulation on social media; II. Regulation of content-generative behaviours from a copyright perspective; III. Approach; IV. Structure; Notes; Chapter One: Scope of study and a day in the life of Jane Doe; I. Defining social media and user-generated content; II. Choice of social media platforms; III. A day in the life of Jane; IV. Conclusion; Notes; Chapter Two: Regulation by copyright laws; I. Relevant copyright standards

• A. Subsistence: works and other subject matter protected by copyrightB. Subsistence: originality; C. Subsistence: authorship; D. Subsistence: fixation, recording or reduction to material form; E. Infringement: scope of protection; F. Infringement: other rights; G. Infringement: remedies; H. Infringement: fair use and fair dealing exceptions; I. Conflict of laws issues; J. Summary; II. Scenario one: the application of copyright laws; A. Jane's use of the music video clip on YouTube as her morning alarm

• B. Jane's 'pinning' of the YouTube music video clip on her pin-board titled 'My Favourite Things' on PinterestC. Jane's use of Evangeline's earlier commentary on Facebook to create her own commentary; D. Jane's use of multiple photographs of newborn babies available on the pin-boards of other Pinterest users to create a collage to share on Pinterest; E. Jane's simultaneous sharing of the collage on Facebook and Twitter; F. Jane's sharing of the same collage in her blog post on WordPress; G. Zee's contribution to Wikipedia on 'income inequality' using what Jane has written

• H. Jane's creation and sharing of a new video clip by way of 'vidding' on YouTube, and subsequently on FacebookI. Cheryl's use of 'stills' from Jane's video clip as thumbnail images on her website; J. Other users' partial use of Jane's collage to create their own, and sharing the same on Pinterest, Facebook and Twitter; K. Editor Jasper's use of Jane's collage on the cover page of his magazine; III. Conclusion; Notes; Chapter Three: Application of the terms of service; I. Terms of service; A. Ownership and licensing;
• 1. Facebook;
• 2. Pinterest;
• 3. YouTube;
• 4. Twitter;
• 5. Wikipedia

• 6. ObservationsB. Copyright policy;
• 1. Facebook;
• 2. Pinterest;
• 3. YouTube;
• 4. Twitter;
• 5. Wikipedia;
• 6. Observations; C. Indemnification and limitation of liability;
• 1. Facebook;
• 2. Pinterest;
• 3. YouTube;
• 4. Twitter;
• 5. Wikipedia;
• 6. Observations; D. Governing law and jurisdiction;
• 1. Facebook;
• 2. Pinterest;
• 3. YouTube;
• 4. Twitter;
• 5. Wikipedia;
• 6. Observations; E. Summary; II. Scenario two: the application of the terms of service; A. Jane's use of the music video clip on YouTube as her morning alarm

How are users influenced by social media platforms when they generate content, and does this influence affect users' compliance with copyright laws? These are pressing questions in today's internet age, and Regulating Content on Social Media answers them by analysing how the behaviours of social media users are regulated from a copyright perspective. Corinne Tan, an internet governance specialist, compares copyright laws on selected social media platforms, namely Facebook, Pinterest, YouTube, Twitter and Wikipedia, with other regulatory factors such as the terms of service and the technological features of each platform. This comparison enables her to explore how each platform affects the role copyright laws play in securing compliance from their users. Through a case study detailing the content generative activities undertaken by a hypothetical user named Jane Doe, as well as drawing from empirical studies, the book argues that - in spite of copyright's purported regulation of certain behaviours - users are 'nudged' by the social media platforms themselves to behave in ways that may be inconsistent with copyright laws.

This book deals with the state-of-the-art of physical security knowledge and research in the chemical and process industries. Legislation differences between Europe and the USA are investigated, followed by an overview of the how, what and why of contemporary security risk assessment in this particular industrial sector. Innovative solutions such as attractiveness calculations and the use of game theory, advancing the present science of adversarial risk analysis, are discussed. The book further stands up for developing and employing dynamic security risk assessments, for instance based on Bayesian networks, and using OR methods to truly move security forward in the chemical and process industries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Naming the crime : defining genocide in international law
• The horror : Canada's forced transfer of indigenous children
• Coming to grips with Canada as a colonizing state : the creator knows their lies and so must we
• Smoke and mirrors : Canada's pretense of compliance with the genocide convention.

Originally approved as a master of laws thesis by a respected Canadian university, this book tackles one of the most compelling issues of our time--the crime of genocide--and whether in fact it can be said to have occurred in relation to the many Original Nations on Great Turtle Island now claimed by a state called Canada. It has been hailed as groundbreaking by many Indigenous and other scholars engaged with this issue, impacting not just Canada but states worldwide where entrapped Indigenous nations face absorption by a dominating colonial state.Starblanket unpacks Canada's role in the removal of cultural genocide from the Genocide Convention, though the disappearance of an Original Nation by forced assimilation was regarded by many states as equally genocidal as destruction by slaughter. Did Canada seek to tailor the definition of genocide to escape its own crimes which were then even ongoing? The crime of genocide, to be held as such under current international law, must address the complicated issue of mens rea (not just the commission of a crime, but the specific intent to do so). This book permits readers to make a judgment on whether or not this was the case.Starblanket examines how genocide was operationalized in Canada, focused primarily on breaking the intergenerational transmission of culture from parents to children. Seeking to absorb the new generations into a different cultural identity--English-speaking, Christian, Anglo-Saxon, termed Canadian--Canada seized children from their parents, and oversaw and enforced the stripping of their cultural beliefs, languages and traditions, replacing them by those still in process of being established by the emerging Canadian state. She outlines the array and extent of the destruction which inevitably took place as part of the effort to bring about such a wrenching change--forcible indoctrination by means of massive and widespread death by disease and dilapidated living conditions, torture, forced starvation, labor, and sexual predation--collateral damage to Canada's effort to absorb diverse original nations into one larger, alien and dominating body politic. The cumulative effects of genocide continue to be exhibited by the survivors and their descendants who suffer from the trauma and dysfunction, primarily in healthy proper parenting, which results in ongoing forcible removals via the child welfare systems to this day.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Why the Beats? Why Turkey? Why now?
• Labeling a phenomenon: the Beats as "underground" figures
• Building community outside the mainstream: underground poetix and the Turkish alternative press
• "What's your road, man?" Jack Kerouac's On the Road in Turkey
• The Beats on trial: the censorship of William S. Burroughs's The Soft Machine
• Howling in Turkish: appropriating the many faces of Allen Ginsberg
• Conclusion: the lessons of countercultural drift.

In Turkey the Beat message of dissent is being given renewed life as publishers, editors, critics, readers, and others dissatisfied with the conservative social and political trends in the country have turned to the Beats and other countercultural forebears for alternatives. Through an examination of a broad range of literary translations, media portrayals, interviews, and other related materials, this book seeks to uncover how the Beats and their texts are being circulated, discussed, and used in Turkey to rethink the possibilities they might hold for social critique today. Mortenson examines how in Turkey the Beats have been framed by the label "underground literature"; explores the ways they are repurposed in the counterculture-inspired journal Underground Poetix; looks at the reception of Jack Kerouac's On the Road and how that reaction provides a better understanding of the construction of "American-ness"; delves into the recent obscenity trail of William S. Burrough's novel The Soft Machine and the attention the book's supporters brought to government repression and Turkish homophobia; and analyzes the various translations of Allen Ginsberg's Howl to demonstrate the relevance Ginsberg still holds for social rebellion today--back cover.

• Intro; Contents; Foreword; Preface and Acknowledgements; Common Abbreviations Used;
• 1. Introduction to the College;
• 2. People and Institutions;
• 3. Career Prospects;
• 4. The Early Pioneers (1892â#x80; #x93; 1899);
• 5. Decade of Change (1900â#x80; #x93; 1909);
• 6. Two Events That Shaped the Final Years;
• 7. Culmination of Efforts (1910â#x80; #x93; 1918);
• 8. Other Contributions to Society;
• 9. Some Unusual and Some Outstanding Personalities;
• 10. Conclusions;
• Appendix 1. The Deanâ#x80; #x99; s Inaugural Address at the Opening of the College of Medicine for Chinese, Hong Kong.

• Appendix 2. List of Graduates in Order of Year of Graduation, Hong Kong College of Medicine
• Appendix 3. List of Interviewees; Selected Bibliography; Biographical Index; Index.

The founders of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese (HKCM) had the lofty vision of helping to bring Western science and medicine to China, which, they hoped, would contribute to the larger objective of modernizing the nation. That this latter goal was partly realized through the non-medical efforts of its first and most famous graduate, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, is a well-known story. Faith C.S. Ho's Western Medicine for Chinese brings the focus back to the primary mission of HKCM by analyzing its role in the transfer of medical knowledge and practices across cultures. It offers a detailed a.

• Introduction: writing from nowhere
• Intertextual lives: reading the autobiographical texts of women writers of the Beat era
• Truthiness: Diane Di Prima's Memoirs of a beatnik and Recollections of my life as a woman
• Diversification: Bonnie Bremser's Troia: Mexican memoirs and Beat chronicles
• Consociation: Ruth Weiss's Desert journal, For these women of the Beat, and Can't stop the Beat
• Displacements: Joanne Kyger's The Japan and India journals and The tapestry and the web
• Cross-textuality: Joyce Johnson's Minor characters and Door wide open
• Contextuality: Hettie Jones's How I became Hettie Jones and Drive
• Coda: rerouting Beat nowheres.

The Beat Generation was a group of writers who rejected cultural standards, experimented with drugs, and celebrated sexual liberation. Starting in the 1950s with works such as Jack Kerouac's On the Road, Allen Ginsberg's Howl, and William S. Burroughs's Naked Lunch, the Beat Generation defined an experimental zeitgeist that endures to today. Yet left out of this picture are the Beat women, who produced a large body of writing from the 1950s through the 1970s and beyond. In Women Writers of the Beat Era, Mary Paniccia Carden gives voice to these female writers and demonstrates how their work redefines our understanding of ""Beat."" The first single-authored study on female writers of this generation, the book offers vital analysis of autobiographical works by Diane di Prima, ruth weiss, Hettie Jones, Joanne Kyger, and others, introducing the reader to new voices that interact with and reconfigure the better-known narratives of the male Beat writers. In doing so, Carden demonstrates the significant role women played in this influential and dynamic literary movement.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Annotation From 1992, the Live Working Association (LWA) has organized conferences for experts dealing with the development and implementation of live work technology At the ICOLIM 2014 conference (Budapest, Hungary) the French representation made a commitment to organize the 12th ICOLIM conference with the following partners TSO (RTE), DSO (ERDF, ES) and Electricity and Electronics Society (SEE) The 12th conference will be held on 26 28 April, 2017 in Strasbourg.

EuroSimE addresses the results of both fundamental research and industrial application in the fields of thermal, mechanical and multiphysics simulation and experiments in microelectronics and microsystems.

ICSIIT 2017's theme and topics of interest are in line with some of IEEE CS FOI, particularly artificial intelligence, data mining methods and algorithms, and distributed and pervasive computing

Antennas, propagation, electromagnetics, radio science.