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• 1 Introduction.- Table.- 2 Relaxation Phenomena and Nuclear Overhauser Effects. Molecular Dynamics and Observation of the 15N Signals.- 2.1 The Mechanisms of Nitrogen Relaxation.- 2.2 Electron Nuclear Relaxation and Influence of Paramagnetic Species.- 2.2.1 Effect of Paramagnetic Impurities.- 2.2.2 Use of Relaxation Reagents.- 2.3 Nitrogen Relaxation in Small Molecules.- 2.4 Nitrogen Relaxation in Large Molecules. The Isotopic Substitution Method.- 2.5 The Nuclear Overhauser Effect.- Tables.- 3 Experimental Techniques in 15N Spectroscopy.- 3.1 Experimental Methods for Recording 15N Spectra.- 3.1.1 Indirect Detection: CW INDOR Spectra and FT Double Resonance Experiments.- 3.1.2 The Conventional Single Pulse Method.- 3.1.3 Methods of Polarization Transfer.- 3.2 Sample Preparation.- 3.2.1 The NMR Cell.- 3.2.2 Purification of the Sample.- 3.2.3 Chemically Assisted 15N Spectroscopy.- 3.2.4 15N Labelling Experiments.- Tables.- 4 Reference for 15N Chemical Shifts.- 4.1 External and Internal Locking and Referencing.- 4.2 The Various References Used in 15N Spectroscopy. Conversion to the External Nitromethane Scale.- 4.3 Universal Scales of Nitrogen Chemical Shifts.- 4.4 Absolute Nitrogen Shieldings.- Tables.- 5 Medium Effects in 15N Spectroscopy.- 5.1 Physical Properties and Polarity Factors of Solvents.- 5.1.1 Physical Properties of Solvents.- 5.1.2 Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity.- 5.2 Solvent Effects on 15N Chemical Shifts.- 5.2.1 Qualitative Discussion of Solvent-Induced 15N Shifts.- 5.2.2 Quantitative Treatment of Solvent-Induced 15N Shifts.- 5.3 Solvent Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.1 Direct Solvent Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.2 Protonation Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.3 Indirect Solvent Effects on nJN~X Coupling Constants (Tautomeric Equilibria).- Table.- 6 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.1 Tables of 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.1.1 Accuracy of 15N Chemical Shift Determination.- 6.1.2 List of Tables of ?15N Data.- 6.1.3 Bioorganic Molecules.- 6.2 Correlation Analysis of 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.2.1 Correlation between ?15N and Topological Qualitative Parameters.- 6.2.2 Correlations between ?15N and Chemical Shifts of Other Nuclei.- 6.2.3 Correlations between and Computed Electronic Density Q.- 6.2.4 Correlation between ?15N and Hammett-like Substituent Parameters.- 6.2.5 Correlations between ?15N and Free Energies of Activation of Hindered Rotation Processes about N-X Bonds.- 6.2.6 Correlations between ?15N and Various Parameters (?, IP, dN-N'?IR', pH).- Tables.-
• 7. nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.1 Tables of nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2 Correlation Analysis of nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2.1 nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2.2 Coupling Constants.- 7.2.3 Coupling Constants between 15N and Other Hetero Nuclei.- Tables.- 8 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Dynamic Processes and Reaction Mechanisms.- 8.1 Exchange Processes studied by Line-Shape Modification Experiments.- 8.1.1 Practical Aspects of Dynamic NMR of Rare Isotopes.- 8.1.2 Line-Shape Modifications Due to Modulation of Scalar Coupling Interactions by Proton Transfers.- 8.1.3 Line-Shape Modifications Involving Chemical Shift Averaging.- 8.2 CIDNP Experiments.- 8.3 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Chemical and Biochemical Mechanisms.- 8.3.1 Tautomerism in Nitrogen Derivatives.- 8.3.2 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Chemical Mechanisms.- 8.3.3 Applications of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Biochemical Mechanisms.- References.- Index of Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

After the proton and carbon, nitrogen is, with oxygen, the most impor- tant atom in organic and especially bioorganic molecules. However, the development of nitrogen spectroscopy is indeed very recent. This is due to the fact that nitrogen-14, which is the naturally abundant iso- tope, suffers, for structural studies, from the disadvantages inherent in nuclei with a quadrupolar moment (Table 1.1). Actually, indirect 15N measurements were reported in the early days of double resonance spectroscopy and the first direct detection of 15N resonance signals at the natural abundance level was realized in 1964 (R 17) at 4.33 MHz 1 (~ 1T) using a 15 mm o.d. cell in the field sweep mode (~ 0.16 min- ). Signal-to-noise ratios only of 3-4 were obtained for neat liquids and this low sensitivity of the 15N resonance still remains the main dis- advantage for 15 spectroscopy (Table 1.1). However, nitrogen-15 has, N probably more than any other nucleus, benefited from the advances of NMR technology, i.e. Fourier transformation, multinuclear facilities, wide-bore super conducting solenoids, and, with the new generation of spectrometers, 15N-NMR is entering the field of routine investigation. Nevertheless, in spite of these spectacular improvements, obtaining 15N spectra of diluted species or large biochemical molecules is often not very easy and a good knowledge of the relaxation properties pecu- liar to 15N may be necessary in order to adjust the pulse sequences and the decoupler duty cycle correctly (Section 2).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction.- Table.- 2 Relaxation Phenomena and Nuclear Overhauser Effects. Molecular Dynamics and Observation of the 15N Signals.- 2.1 The Mechanisms of Nitrogen Relaxation.- 2.2 Electron Nuclear Relaxation and Influence of Paramagnetic Species.- 2.2.1 Effect of Paramagnetic Impurities.- 2.2.2 Use of Relaxation Reagents.- 2.3 Nitrogen Relaxation in Small Molecules.- 2.4 Nitrogen Relaxation in Large Molecules. The Isotopic Substitution Method.- 2.5 The Nuclear Overhauser Effect.- Tables.- 3 Experimental Techniques in 15N Spectroscopy.- 3.1 Experimental Methods for Recording 15N Spectra.- 3.1.1 Indirect Detection: CW INDOR Spectra and FT Double Resonance Experiments.- 3.1.2 The Conventional Single Pulse Method.- 3.1.3 Methods of Polarization Transfer.- 3.2 Sample Preparation.- 3.2.1 The NMR Cell.- 3.2.2 Purification of the Sample.- 3.2.3 Chemically Assisted 15N Spectroscopy.- 3.2.4 15N Labelling Experiments.- Tables.- 4 Reference for 15N Chemical Shifts.- 4.1 External and Internal Locking and Referencing.- 4.2 The Various References Used in 15N Spectroscopy. Conversion to the External Nitromethane Scale.- 4.3 Universal Scales of Nitrogen Chemical Shifts.- 4.4 Absolute Nitrogen Shieldings.- Tables.- 5 Medium Effects in 15N Spectroscopy.- 5.1 Physical Properties and Polarity Factors of Solvents.- 5.1.1 Physical Properties of Solvents.- 5.1.2 Empirical Parameters of Solvent Polarity.- 5.2 Solvent Effects on 15N Chemical Shifts.- 5.2.1 Qualitative Discussion of Solvent-Induced 15N Shifts.- 5.2.2 Quantitative Treatment of Solvent-Induced 15N Shifts.- 5.3 Solvent Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.1 Direct Solvent Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.2 Protonation Effects on nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 5.3.3 Indirect Solvent Effects on nJN~X Coupling Constants (Tautomeric Equilibria).- Table.- 6 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.1 Tables of 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.1.1 Accuracy of 15N Chemical Shift Determination.- 6.1.2 List of Tables of ?15N Data.- 6.1.3 Bioorganic Molecules.- 6.2 Correlation Analysis of 15N Chemical Shifts.- 6.2.1 Correlation between ?15N and Topological Qualitative Parameters.- 6.2.2 Correlations between ?15N and Chemical Shifts of Other Nuclei.- 6.2.3 Correlations between and Computed Electronic Density Q.- 6.2.4 Correlation between ?15N and Hammett-like Substituent Parameters.- 6.2.5 Correlations between ?15N and Free Energies of Activation of Hindered Rotation Processes about N-X Bonds.- 6.2.6 Correlations between ?15N and Various Parameters (?, IP, dN-N'?IR', pH).- Tables.-
• 7. nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.1 Tables of nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2 Correlation Analysis of nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2.1 nJ15N~X Coupling Constants.- 7.2.2 Coupling Constants.- 7.2.3 Coupling Constants between 15N and Other Hetero Nuclei.- Tables.- 8 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Dynamic Processes and Reaction Mechanisms.- 8.1 Exchange Processes studied by Line-Shape Modification Experiments.- 8.1.1 Practical Aspects of Dynamic NMR of Rare Isotopes.- 8.1.2 Line-Shape Modifications Due to Modulation of Scalar Coupling Interactions by Proton Transfers.- 8.1.3 Line-Shape Modifications Involving Chemical Shift Averaging.- 8.2 CIDNP Experiments.- 8.3 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Chemical and Biochemical Mechanisms.- 8.3.1 Tautomerism in Nitrogen Derivatives.- 8.3.2 Application of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Chemical Mechanisms.- 8.3.3 Applications of 15N Spectroscopy to the Study of Biochemical Mechanisms.- References.- Index of Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

After the proton and carbon, nitrogen is, with oxygen, the most impor- tant atom in organic and especially bioorganic molecules. However, the development of nitrogen spectroscopy is indeed very recent. This is due to the fact that nitrogen-14, which is the naturally abundant iso- tope, suffers, for structural studies, from the disadvantages inherent in nuclei with a quadrupolar moment (Table 1.1). Actually, indirect 15N measurements were reported in the early days of double resonance spectroscopy and the first direct detection of 15N resonance signals at the natural abundance level was realized in 1964 (R 17) at 4.33 MHz 1 (~ 1T) using a 15 mm o.d. cell in the field sweep mode (~ 0.16 min- ). Signal-to-noise ratios only of 3-4 were obtained for neat liquids and this low sensitivity of the 15N resonance still remains the main dis- advantage for 15 spectroscopy (Table 1.1). However, nitrogen-15 has, N probably more than any other nucleus, benefited from the advances of NMR technology, i.e. Fourier transformation, multinuclear facilities, wide-bore super conducting solenoids, and, with the new generation of spectrometers, 15N-NMR is entering the field of routine investigation. Nevertheless, in spite of these spectacular improvements, obtaining 15N spectra of diluted species or large biochemical molecules is often not very easy and a good knowledge of the relaxation properties pecu- liar to 15N may be necessary in order to adjust the pulse sequences and the decoupler duty cycle correctly (Section 2).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Structure and properties
• bonding and molecular structure
• chemical reactivity and organic reactions
• alkanes
• cycloalkanes
• stereochemistry
• alkenes
• alkyl halides
• alkynes, dienes and orbital symmetry
• aromaticity and benzene
• aromatic substitution, arenes
• spectroscopy and structure proof
• alcohols and thiols
• ethers, epoxides, glycols and thioethers
• aldehydes and ketones
• carboxylic acids
• acid derivatives
• carbanion-enolates and enols
• amines
• phenols and their derivatives
• aromatic heterocyclic compounds
• amino acids, peptides and proteins
• carbohydrates.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Master organic chemistry with "Schaum's" - the high-performance solved-problem guide. It will help you cut study time, hone problem-solving skills, and achieve your personal best on exams! Students love "Schaum's Solved Problem Guides" because they produce results. Each year, thousands of students improve their test scores and final grades with these indispensable guides. Get the edge on your classmates. Use "Schaum's"! If you don't have a lot of time but want to excel in class, use this book to: brush up before tests; study quickly and more effectively; and, learn the best strategies for solving tough problems in step-by-step detail. Review what you've learned in class by solving thousands of relevant problems that test your skill.Compatible with any classroom text, "Schaum's Solved Problem Guides" let you practice at your own pace and remind you of all the important problem-solving techniques you need to remember fast! And "Schaum's" are so complete, they're perfect for preparing for graduate or professional exams. Inside you will find: 3000 solved problems with complete solutions, the largest selection of solved problems yet published on this subject; an index to help you quickly locate the types of problems you want to solve; problems like those you'll find on your exams; techniques for choosing the correct approach to problems; and, guidance toward the quickest, most efficient solutions.If you want top grades and thorough understanding of organic chemistry, this powerful study tool is the best tutor you can have! Chapters include: Structure and Properties; Bonding and Molecular Structure; Chemical Reactivity and Organic Reactions; Alkanes; Cycloalkanes; Stereochemistry; Alkenes; Alkyl Halides; Alkynes, Dienes, and Orbital Symmetry; Aromaticity and Benzene; Aromatic Substitution, Arenes; Spectroscopy and Structure Proof; Alcohols and Thiols; Ethers, Epoxides, Glycols, and Thioethers; Aldehydes and Ketones; Carboxylic Acids; Acid Derivatives; Carbanion-Enolates and Enols; Amines; Phenols and Their Derivatives; Aromatic Heterocyclic Compounds; Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins; and, Carbohydrates.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction.-
• 2. Basis Set.- 2.A. Fundamental Concepts and General Description.- 2.B. Slater-Type Orbitals.- 2.C. Gaussian-Type Functions.- 2.D. Contracted Gaussian Basis Sets.- 2.E. Gaussian Expansion of Slater-Type Orbitals.- 2.F. Polarization Functions.- 2.G. Off-Centered Gaussian Functions.- 2.H. Comparison of Slater-Type and Contracted Gaussian Basis Sets.- 2.I. Remarks on the Selection of the Basis Set.-
• 3. SCF Calculations.- 3.A. Integrals over Slater-Type Orbitals.- 3.B. Integrals over Gaussian-Type Functions.- 3.C. Computer Time Saving in Evaluation of Integrals.- 3.D. Computer Time Saving in the SCF Procedure.-
• 4. Correlation Energy.- 4.A. Definition and Origin of the Correlation Energy.- 4.B. Conservation of the Correlation Energy.- 4.C. Empirical Calculations.- 4.D. Configuration Interaction.- 4.E. Independent Electron Pair Approximation.- 4.F. Cluster Expansion of the Wave Function.- 4.G. Many-Electron Theory of Sinanoglu.- 4.H. Coupled-Pair Many-Electron Theory.- 4.I. Coupled-Electron Pair Approximation.- 4.J. Perturbation Calculations.- 4.K. Numerical Treatment of Perturbation Expressions.- 4.L. Basis Set Dependence.- 4.M. Size Consistency.-
• 5. Applications.- 5.A. Molecular Geometries.- 5.B. Force Constants.- 5.C. Barriers to Internal Rotation and Inversion.- 5.D. Potential Curves.- 5.E. Thermochemistry.- 5.F. Chemical Reactivity.- 5.G. Ionization Potentials.- 5.H. Intermolecular Interactions.- 5.I. Solvation.- 5.J. Presence and Future.- Appendix A: Atomic Units.- Appendix B: Most Common Computer Programs.- References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Until recently quantum chemical ab initio calculations were re- stricted to atoms and very small molecules. As late as in 1960 Allen l and Karo stated : "Almost all of our ab initio experience derives from diatomic LCAO calculations *** N and we have found in the litera- ture "approximately eighty calculations, three-fourths of which are for diatomic molecules *** There are approximately twenty ab initio calculations for molecules with more than two atoms, but there is a decided dividing line between the existing diatomic and polyatomic wave functions. Confidence in the satisfactory evaluation of the many- -center two-electron integrals is very much less than for the diatom- ic case". Among the noted twenty calculations, SiH was the largest 4 molecule treated. In most cases a minimal basis set was used and the many-center two-electron integrals were calculated in an approximate way. Under these circumstances the ab initio calculations could hard- ly provide useful chemical information. It is therefore no wonder that the dominating role in the field of chemical applications was played by semiempirical and empirical methods. The situation changed essentially in the next decade. The problem of many-center integrals was solved, efficient and sophisticated computer programs were devel- oped, basis sets suitable for a given type of problem were suggested, and, meanwhile, a considerable amount of results has been accumulated which serve as a valuable comparative material. The progress was of course inseparable from the development and availability of computers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1D
• 2D
• 2QT
• 3D
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• IJ
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• X
• Z.

"Highly recommended for all academic library chemistry collections; biochemistry and medical collections may also want to consider." (Choice) "Each entry is provided with a definition, a description of the effect, application, and literature citations." ... the selection in this book is broad and useful." (J. of Am. Chem. Soc.) "The book is not just a collection of definitions of acronyms, each entry contains a concise and informative explanation of the origins of the technique or method to which it refers ... this book is a must for progression of any budding spectroscopist." (Analyst).

• Volume 1. pt. I. Early studies
• pt. II. Electrophilic aromatic substitution
• pt. III. Friedel-Crafts chemistry
• pt. IV. Stable (persistent), long-lived carbocations : General aspects
• pt. V. Trivalent alkyl (cycloalkyl) cations (carbenium ions)
• pt. VI. [symbol] and [symbol]-delocalized carbocations
• pt. VII. Heteroatom and metal substituted carbocations
• pt. VIII. Carbodications
• pt. IX. Aromatic and homoaromatic cations and dications
• pt. X. Five and higher coordinate (nonclassical) carbonium ions: Controversy and significance
• pt. XI. Magic acid and superacid chemistry
• pt. XII. Solid superacid catalysis
• pt. XIII. From Kekule's four valent carbon to higher coordinate hypercarbon
• pt. XIV. Electrophilic chemistry of saturated hydrocarbons.

• Volume 2. pt. XVI. Oxonium, sulfonium, selenonium and telluronium ions
• pt. XVII. Azonium ions
• pt. XVIII. Halonium ions
• pt. XIX. Miscellaneous onium ions
• pt. XX. Gitonic onium di(poly)cations and superelectrophilic activation
• pt. XXI. Synthetic reagents, methods and reactions
• pt. XXII. Oxygenation and sulfuration
• pt. XXIII. Nitration and nitrosation chemistry
• pt. XXIV. Organofluorine chemistry
• pt. XXV. Organometallic chemistry
• pt. XXVI. Polymer chemistry
• pt. XXVII. New approaches to future hydrocarbon needs
• pt. XXVIII. Miscellaneous studies
• Monographs and books for reference and additional
• Curriculum vitae of George Andrew Olah
• Bibliography of George A. Olah
• Past and present graduate students
• Past and present postdoctoral and visiting scholars.

In the course of his distinguished career spanning about half a century, George A. Olah, winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, has been exceedingly prolific and has published more than 1000 scientific papers and 15 books and holds more than 100 patents. This invaluable volume contains about 250 papers selected for their breadth and current importance.

• Volume 1: Early Studies
• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Friedel-Crafts Chemistry
• Stable (Persistent), Long Lived Carbocations: General Aspects
• Trivalent Alkyl (Cycloalkyl) Cations (Carbenium Ions)
• - and -Delocalized Carbocations
• Heteroatom and Metal Substituted Carbocations
• Carbodications
• Aromatic and Homoaromatic Cations and Dications
• Five and Higher Coordinate (Nonclassical) Carbonium Ions: Controversy and Significance
• Magic Acid and Superacid Chemistry
• Solid Superacid Catalysis
• From Kekule's Four-Valent Carbon to Higher Coordinate Hypercarbon
• Electrophilic Chemistry of Saturated Hydrocarbons
• Onium Ions: General Aspects
• Volume 2: Oxonium, Sulfonium, Selenonium and Telluronium Ions
• Azonium Ions
• Halonium Ions
• Miscellaneous Onium Ions
• Gitonic Onium Di(Poly)cations and Superelectrophilic Activation
• Synthetic Reagents, Methods and Reactions
• Oxygenation and Sulfuration
• Nitration and Nitrosation Chemistry
• Organofluorine Chemistry
• Organometallic Chemistry
• Polymer Chemistry
• New Approaches to Future of Hydrocarbon Needs
• Miscellaneous Studies.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In the course of his distinguished career spanning about half a century, George A. Olah, winner of the 1994 Nobel Prize for Chemistry, has been exceedingly prolific and has published more than 1000 scientific papers and 15 books and holds more than 100 patents. This volume contains about 250 of his papers, selected for their breadth and current importance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Using Flipped Classroom Settings to Shift the Focus of a General Chemistry Course from Topic Knowledge to Learning and Problem-Solving Skills: A Tale of Students Enjoying the Class They Were Expecting to Hate / Ramella, Daniele, College of Science and Technology-Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States; Brock, Benjamin E., CAT-Center for Advancement of Teaching, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States, School of Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States; Velopolcek, Maria K., Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States; Winters, Kyle P., School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch001
• Combining Pre-class Preparation with Collaborative In-Class Activities to Improve Student Engagement and Success in General Chemistry / Blaser, Mark / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch002
• Using Clicker-Based Group Work Facilitated by a Modified Peer Instruction Process in a Highly Successful Flipped General Chemistry Classroom / Pollozi, Shejla, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States; Haddad, Ibrahim, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States; Tyagi, Aanchal, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States; Mills, Pamela, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States; McGregor, Donna, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch003
• Maximizing Learning Efficiency in General Chemistry / Cracolice, Mark S., Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States; Queen, Matt, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, 1500 University Drive, Billings, Montana 59101, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch004
• Flipping General Chemistry in Small Classes: Students' Perception and Success / Hutchinson-Anderson, Kelly M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch005
• Active Learning in the Large Lecture Hall Format / LaBrake, Cynthia / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch006
• Large-Scale, Team-Based Curriculum Transformation and Student Engagement in General Chemistry I and II / Lamont, Liana B., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Stoll, Lindy K., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Pesavento, Theresa M., Department of Academic Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1305 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Bain, Rachel L., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Landis, Clark R., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Sibert, Edwin L., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch007
• Active Learning in Hybrid-Online General Chemistry / Miller, Dionne A. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch008
• A Course Transformation to Support First-Year Chemistry Education for Engineering Students / Addison, Christopher J.; Núñez, José Rodríguez / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch009
• Flipped Classroom Learning Environments in General Chemistry: What Is the Impact on Student Performance in Organic Chemistry? / Eichler, Jack F., Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Peeples, Junelyn, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch010
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ot001

• Introduction to Active Learning in Organic Chemistry and Essential Terms / Houseknecht, Justin B., Department of Chemistry, Wittenberg University, P.O. Box 720, Springfield, Ohio 45501, United States; Leontyev, Alexey, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Dept 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States; Maloney, Vincent M., Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805-1499, United States; Welder, Catherine O., Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch001
• Using Just-in-Time Teaching To Engage Rural Students in Small Enrollment Organic Chemistry Classes / Lenczewski, Mary S. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch002
• Finding Time for Active Learning with Just-in-Time Teaching / Umile, Thomas P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch003
• Clickers in Small Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Courses: Increasing Student Engagement while Improving Perception / DeCicco, Racquel C. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch004
• Collaborative Problem Solving: Using Clickers and Cloud Folders To Enhance Student Learning in Organic Chemistry / Jeske, Ryan C., Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Room 305, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States; Jones, James A., Research and Academic Effectiveness, Ball State University, 2000 University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States; Stanford, Courtney L., Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Room 305, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch005
• Student Use of Classroom Response Systems To Promote Active Learning / Shea, Kevin M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch006
• The Mechanisms App and Platform:: A New Game-Based Product for Learning Curved Arrow Notation / Winter, Julia E., Alchemie Solutions, Inc., 950 Stephenson Highway, Troy, Michigan 48083, United States; Wegwerth, Sarah E., Alchemie Solutions, Inc., 950 Stephenson Highway, Troy, Michigan 48083, United States; DeKorver, Brittland K., Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States; Morsch, Layne A., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Springfield, One University Plaza, MS HSB 314, Springfield, Illinois 62703, United States; DeSutter, Dane, Learning Sciences Research Institute, 1240 West Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States; Goldman, Lawrence M., Department of Chemistry, University of Washington 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States; Reutenauer, Lauren M., Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 220 South Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch007
• An All-In Approach to Flipping the Organic Chemistry Classroom Using Elements of Peer-Led Team Learning with Undergraduate Learning Assistants / Welder, Catherine O. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch008
• Flipping an Allied Health Survey Course of Organic and Biological Chemistry / Schirch, Douglas / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch009
• Benefits of a Partially Flipped Organic Chemistry Course to Student Perceptions and Learning / Shattuck, James C. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch010
• Effective Implementations of a Partially Flipped Classroom for Large-Enrollment Organic Chemistry Courses / Casselman, Matthew D. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch011
• Cooperative Learning in Large Sections of Organic Chemistry: Transitioning to POGIL / Canelas, Dorian A., Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States; Hill, Jennifer L., Trinity College Office of Assessment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States; Carden, Robert G., Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch012
• Combining POGIL and a Flipped Classroom Methodology in Organic Chemistry / DeMatteo, Matthew P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch013
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ot001

Organic chemistry courses are often difficult for students, and instructors are constantly seeking new ways to improve student learning. This volume details active learning strategies implemented at a variety of institutional settings, including small and large; private and public; liberal arts and technical; and highly selective and open-enrollment institutions. Readers will find detailed descriptions of methods and materials, in addition to data supporting analyses of the effectiveness of reported pedagogies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface; Series Preface

This volume surveys oxidation activities in key biological systems, including heme proteins and enzymes, oxygenases and oxidases, photosynthetic systems, and cell and tissue damage.

Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book and its counterpart, Active Oxygen in Biochemistry, explore the active research area of the chemistry and biochemistry of oxygen. Complementary but independent, the two volumes integrate subject areas including medicine, biology, chemistry, engineering, and environmental studies.

Interest in chemical entities capable of blocking or modifying cell metabolism ultimately goes back to the discovery of the structure of DNA in the 1950s. Understanding of the biochemical processes involved in cell metabolism rapidly led to the idea that compounds could be designed which might interfere with these processes, and thus could be used in the treatment of the diseases caused by viral infection. Since then, several classes of drugs have been discovered which depend for their effect on modification of the proper functioning of nucleic acids and, with the introduction of acyclovir for the treatment of Herpes infections, nucleoside analogues have become the cornerstone of antiviral chemotherapy. The success of the early nucleoside agents, the toxicity and metabolic instability of many nucleoside analogues, and the effects of viral pathogens on public health are driving the design, synthesis and evaluation of new nucleoside analogues, with much attention turning to nucleosides containing `non natural' sugar analogues. This book focuses on the development of these agents, and draws together all the available material in an easily consulted form, which at the same time guides the reader into the research literature on the subject. Written primarily for the medicinal chemist, coverage includes both synthetic strategies and outline guidance on the main trends in biological activity. Particular attention is drawn to the comparison of synthetic routes to compounds with their natural analogues. Finally, the important antiviral activities of the compounds are treated, including anti-retrovirus, anti-hepadnavirus and anti-herpes virus properties. Written mainly for medicinal chemists in the pharmaceutical industry and synthetic organic chemists in academe, this book will also be attractive to researchers in institutions focusing on cellular metabolism. Advanced students of organic chemistry will find the clear discussion of the synthetic strategies adopted in the development of these compounds a useful introduction to this exciting and challenging area.

• 1. Introduction: The Place of Antagonism and Feuds in Advancing Science
• 2. Vladimir Vasil'evich Markovnikov and Markovnikov's Rule for Addition
• 3. Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev and Zaitsev's Rule for Elimination
• 4. Markovnikov's Rule and Controversies Over It
• 5. Mechanistic Considerations in Bimolecular Elimination Reactions
• 6. Development of Highly Regioselective Addition Reactions
• 7. Development of Highly Regiospecific Alkene Syntheses.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Addition, Elimination and Substitution: Markovnikov, Hofmann, Zaitsev and Walden: Discovery and Development discusses foundational reactions in organic chemistry and their major protagonists, contributions to synthesis, and history. Hofmann, Zaitsev, and Markovnikov are introduced, along with their major discoveries and contributions to organic chemistry. The history of controversies around Markovnikov's Rule are addressed. The book introduces Walden's original demonstration of configuration inversion, then discusses bimolecular elimination reactions, regioselective addition reactions, regiospecific alkene synthesis, and the development of modern reactions with configuration inversion. With its unique perspective, focus, and comprehensive coverage, this book belongs on the shelf of every organic chemist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Mechanical Properties of Materials as They Relate to Adhesives Mechanical Tests of Adhesive Bond Performance Basics of Intermolecular Forces and Surface Science Basic Physical/Chemical Properties of Polymers Relationship of Surface Science and Adhesion Science Surface Preparation of Adherends for Adhesive Bonding Chemistry and Physical Properties of Structural Adhesives Chemistry and Physical Properties of Elastomer-Based Adhesives Thermoplastic, Pseudothermoplastic, and Other Adhesives Basis for Adhesive Bond Design Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book describes, in clear understandable language, the three main disciplines of adhesion technology: 1) mechanics of the adhesive bond, 2) chemistry of adhesives, and 3) surface science. Some knowledge of physical and organic chemistry is assumed, but no familiarity with the science of adhesion is required. The emphasis is on understanding adhesion, how surfaces can be prepared and modified, and how adhesives can be formulated to perform a given task. Throughout the book, the author provides a broad view of the field, with a consistent style that leads the reader from one step to the next in gaining an understanding of the science. The 4th edition has additional content covering sustainability (use of natural products in adhesives) and bonding of composite materials. There are also updates and small improvements throughout, together with some new review questions aprovided at the end of the chapters.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• One: Chemistry of Adhesion
• The Importance of Interface
• Introductory Remarks
• Recent Developments in Adhesive and Sealant Chemistry
• Overview of Adherence Phenomena
• An Analytical Method for Determining the Surface Energy of Solid Polymers
• Effect of Amine Surface Treatment on the Adhesion of Polyurethane to the Surface
• Effect of Silane on Glass/Resin Adhesion Strength
• Discussion
• Two: Physics of Adhesion
• Characterization of Surface and Bulk of Adhesive Systems
• Introductory Remarks
• New Applications of ESCA
• Fracto-Emission Accompanying Adhesive Failure
• Monitoring Epoxy Cure Kinetics with a Viscosity-Dependent Fluorescent Probe
• Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Silicone Pressure Sensitive Adhesives
• The Viscoelastic Properties of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
• Block Copolymer Adhesive Studies
• Discussion
• Three: Radiation-Curable Adhesives
• Introductory Remarks
• Ultraviolet Cured Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives
• Recent Progress in Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization
• Polymer and Formulation Design Characteristics for Developing Bonding Capabilities of Radiation-Curable Coatings and Adhesive Systems
• Dynamic Thermal Analysis Characterizations of Electron-Beam Cured Adhesives
• Reactive Butadiene/Acrylonitrile Liquid and Solid Elastomers: Formulating Acrylic, Anaerobic, and Radiation-Curable Adhesives
• Photoinitiators: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications
• Discussion
• Four: High Temperature Adhesives
• Introductory Remarks
• Status of High Temperature Adhesives
• Polyimide Adhesives: Modified with ATBN and Silicone Elastomers
• The Application of Thermodynamic and Spectroscopic Techniques to Adhesion in the Polyimide/Ti 6-4 and Polyphenyl-quinoxaline/Ti 6-4 Systems
• Evaluation of High Temperature Structural Adhesives for Extended Service
• Aminosilane and Metal Modifications of Polyimide Surfaces
• Influence of Molecular Weight on Fracture Behavior of Polyphenylquinoxaline Thermosets
• Discussion
• Five: Anaerobic and Structural Adhesives
• Introductory Remarks
• Some Recent Developments in Scanning Electron Microscopy
• Potential Anaerobic and Structural Acrylic Modified Polyester Adhesives
• Anaerobic Adhesives Containing Maleimides Having Improved Thermal Resistance
• Chemistry of Accelerators for Curing Anaerobic Adhesives
• Reaction of N, N-Dimethylaniline Derivatives with Cumene Hydroperoxide
• Chemistry, Physical Properties and Durability of Structural Adhesive Bonds
• Reactive Butadiene/Acrylonitrile Liquid and Solid Elastomers: A Bibliography for Formulating Epoxy Structured Adhesives
• A Low Curing Temperature CTBN-Toughened Epoxy Adhesive
• Summarizing Remarks
• Discussion
• Six: Trends in Adhesive Research
• Developments in and Limitations of Adhesive Materials for Severe Environments and a Long Service Life
• Elastomers and Resin Modifiers for Water-Base Adhesives
• 'Aerobic' Acrylic Adhesives- New Technology in Acrylic Adhesives
• Radiant Energy Curable Adhesives
• Isocyanatoethyl Methacrylate: A Latent Cross linker for Coating Adhesive Resins
• Moisture Permeation of Polymer Sealants and Interface Modifying Films
• ESCA and AES Studies of the Interfacial Chemical Bonding between Aluminum and Chromium (III) Fumarato-Coordination Compound
• Adhesive Research in China
• Discussion
• Contributors
• Author Index.

Since the first symposium on Recent Advances in Adhesion, held September, 1971 in Washington, D.C., this Division of the American Chemical Society has continuously sponsored several symposia on adhesion and adhesives. The chemists have gradually realized the importance of adhesion in various fields of science and technology. During these years, the science of adhesion has steadily grown along with progress in surface science and fracture mechanics. Moreover, new adhesives have been invented and applied in actual structures, for example, structural and aerospace adhesives. In response to socio-economic demands, new forms of adhesives have been introduced to combat the problems of pollution and to promote energy-conservation. The developments of hot-melt adhesives, waterborne adhesives, and radiation-curable adhesives are vivid examples of successes in solving some of the problems. As chemists, our hatural desire is to understand how those new adhesives and new forms of adhesives are made. Thus, we are interested in learning about the chemistry of adhesives so that we may create new generations of materials to satisfy future needs. It was based on this common interest that w~ set forth to org'anize this Symposium on Recent Developments in Adhesive Chemistry. It was held from March 21 through 23, 1983 in the Westin Hotel, Seattle, Washington. The Symposium was very well attended. As a matter of fact, for the first two sessions, we had to move from the smaller Mt. St.

• One:Environmental Exposure.- Introductory Remarks.- Adhesives, Sealants, and Coatings for Space and Harsh Environments.- Plenary Lecture.- Effects of Environmental Exposure on Sorption and Transport of Penetrants in Polymeric Materials.- The Mechanical and Water Absorption Behavior of Fluoroepoxy Resins.- Characterization of a Durable Inorganic Metal-to-Metal Adhesive Found in a Chinese Qin's Chariot Built Around 207 B.C..- The Investigation of Underwater Adhesives in the People's Republic of China.- Sealing of Human Tubular Tissues with High Alkyl Cyanocrylate Adhesive XKM-2 and Its Effects--A New Sterilization and Nonsurgical Technique.- Discussion.- Two: Stress and Interface.- Introductory Remarks.- Plenary Lecture.- Electron Bombardment Induced Crack Initiation and Crack Growth in Polymers and Polymer Surfaces.- An Experimental Arrangement to Estimate the Failure Behavior of an Uncrosslinked Polymer Under High Spatial Constraint.- Finite Element Microscopic Stress Analysis of Filled Polymeric Composite Systems.- Inorganic Primers for Adhesive Bonding: A Status Report.- The Bonding and Hydrolysis of Cr(III) Fumarato Coupling Agent on Aluminum Surfaces Studied by Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.- Investigation of Steel/Epoxy Adhesion Durability Using Polymeric Coupling Agents I. Synthesis and Characterization of EME Coupling Agents.- Discussion.- Three: Adhesives for Space and Harsh Environments.- Introductory Remarks.- Plenary Lecture.- An Overview of Polymers for Harsh Environments: Aerospace, Geothermal and Undersea.- Ultraviolet Curable Siloxane Elastomers.- Evaluation of Adhesively Bonded Composite/Metal Bonds in Simulated Automotive Service Environments.- High-Temperature Organic Adhesives--A Review.- Organotin and Organotitanium-Containing Polydyes for Color Permanence, Reduction of Laser Damage and Biological Resistance to Rot and Mildew.- Synthesis and Characterization of Atomic Oxygen Resistant Poly(sil-oxane-imide) Coatings.- Four: Sealants for Space and Harsh Environments.- Introductory Remarks.- Plenary Lecture.- Effects of Environment on Performance of Polysulfide Sealants.- Plenary Lecture.- Durability of Silicone Sealants.- Depolymerization of Polysulfides: The Development of Improved Chemical Desealers.- Hot Melt Sealants Based on Thermoplastic Elastomers.- Sealants, Waterproofing and Coatings for Concrete.- The Study and Use of Sealant on Quicksand Surface for Stabilization and Afforestation of Desert Land.- Discussion.- Five: Coatings for Corrosive Environments.- Introductory Remarks.- Plenary Lecture.- Determination of the Stresses and Properties of Polymer Coatings.- Influence of Composition and Film Thickness on Antifouling Paints Bioactivity Containing Castor Oil.- Corrosion Prevention in Metals Using Layered Semiconductor/Insulator Structures Forming an Interfacial Electronic Barrier.- Adhesion Properties of Polyelectrolytes--Chemisorbed Zinc Phosphate Conversion Coatings.- Effects of Mechanical Deformation on the Photodegradation of Acrylic-Melamine Coatings.- Discussion.- Six: Coatings for Electronic and Optical Environments.- Introductory Remarks.- Plenary Lecture Optical Fiber Coatings.- Polymer Materials for Optical Fiber Coatings.- Consequences of Exposure of Optical Coatings to Reactive Gases and Energetic Particles.- Stabilized Acrylic Glazings for Solar Reflectors.- Electroconductive Coating with Polyconjugated Systems.- Durability of the Conductive Adhesive Joints.- Microfabricated Structures for the Measurement of Adhesion and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Film.- Discussion.- Contributors.- Author Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

New technologies constantly generate new demands for exotic materials to be used in severe environments. The rapid developments of aerospace industries during the last two decades have required new materials to survive extreme high and low temperatures and various radiations. The exploration of new energy sources, e.g., solar and geothermal, has led us to develop new solar collectors and geothermal devices. Even the search for new oils has demanded that we study the corrosive environment of oil fields. In the telecommunication industries, optical fibers have been adopted broadly to replace metallic conductors. However, none of the optical fibers can survive abrasion or corrosion without the application of a coating material. For microelectronics, protection in terms of coatings and encapsulants is deemed necessary to prevent corrosion. One of the major causes of corrosion has been shown to be water which appears to be abundant in our earthly environments. Water can attack the bulk adhesive (or sealant), the interface, or the adherend. Water can also cause delamination of coating film, and it is definitely the major ingredient in causing cathodic or anodic corrosion. Thus, water becomes the major obstacle in solving durability problems of various materials in harsh environments.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• I Halide Ultrathin Films and Single Crystals: Structure and Adsorption.- Epitaxy of CaF2/Si(111) and LiF/Ge(100).- Adsorption of Water Vapor on NaCl(100) and KCl(100) without and with Defects.- Phases and Phase Diagrams of Xenon Adsorbed on Epitaxial NaCl(100) Films and on Ge(100).- Kinetic and Electronic Properties of Physisorbates on Epitaxial NaCl(100) Layers: SF6, Xe, and CO2.- Adsorption of Gases on Ionic Single Crystals: NaCl(100) and MgO(100).- Excitons and High Resolution Infrared Spectroscopy of Adlayers on Ionic Surfaces.- II Clean Surfaces of Metal Oxides: Geometric and Electronic Structure.- Characterisation of Single Crystal ?-Al2O3(0001) and (11 $$\bar 2$$0) Surfaces and Ag/Al2O3 Model Catalysts by Atomic Force Microscopy.- STM Characterization of Metaloxide Films.- Partial Valence Densities-of-States of TiO2 and TiO2-x from Resonant Photoemission and Photoelectron Diffraction.- III Adsorption on Oxide Surfaces: Molecules and Ultrathin Metal Films.- Clean ZnO Surfaces and their Interaction with Gases.- Molecular Adsorption on TiO2 and ZnO Surfaces.- Single-Crystal Studies of Molecular and Atomic Adsorption on Transition-Metal Oxides.- Molecular Adsorption on Thin Ordered Oxide Films and Single Crystal Oxide Surfaces.- The Growth and Structure of Ultrathin Metal Films on TiO2(110).- Structural and Electronic Properties of Ultrathin Cu-Layers on some Crystalline Metal-Oxides.- IV Adsorption on Oxide Surfaces: Theory.- Quantum Chemical ab initio Calculations for the Adsorption of Small Molecules on NiO(100).- Adsorption and Reaction of CO and CO2 at the Surface and Defect Sites of MgO and NiO.- Cluster Models of Zinc Oxide Including Ionic and Covalent Effects.- Density Functional Investigations of Adsorption at Metal Oxide Surfaces.- V Chemical Reactivity.- The Structure and Reactivity of Oxide Thin Films Grown on Transition Metal Surfaces.- High-Resolution Electron Energy-Loss Studies of Metal Oxides.- Surface Oxygen and Chemical Reactivity.- VI Application-Oriented Studies.- Adsorption of Carbon Monoxide on Catalyst Surfaces: Oxides, Sulfides and Zeolites.- Schottky Barriers and Ohmic Contacts with Pt/TiO2(110): Implications to Control Gas Sensor Properties.- Applications of Lithium Niobate Acoustic Plate Mode Devices as Sensors for Liquids.- Index of Contributors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Adsorption on Ordered Surfaces of Ionic Solids and Thin Films introduces to a new and topical field of surface science for which rather little experience is available at present. It reviews the recent results of the employed analytical methods comprising all modern surface techniques including scanning tunneling microscopy and various kinds of electron spectroscopies. The present status of this new, clearly defined field of surface science is nearly completely overviewed by contributions from most of the research groups active in this field. The book is meant as a basis for the expected rapid development in this area with applications in catalysis, thin-film and semiconductor technology, sensors, electrochemistry, controlled preparation of ultrathin epitaxial surfaces, and interfaces of insultors as well as future molecular electronics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Asymmetric synthesis is one of the most critical strategic subjects in organic chemistry, and this book describes advanced techniques and their applications to the industrial and laboratory synthesis of important chiral molecules. The international team of highly respected authors provide rigorous and concise reviews of their areas of expertise.

• 1. Advanced functional polymers: An introduction in the context of biomedical engineering
• 2. Grafted biopolymers I: Methodology and factors affecting Grafting
• 3. Grafted biopolymers II: Synthesis and characterisation
• 4. Conjugated polymers having semiconducting properties
• 5. Supramolecular metallopolymers
• 6. Amphiphilic hyperbranched polymers
• 7. Heterotelechelic multiblock polymers using click chemistry
• 8. Phenolic and epoxy based copolymers and terpolymers
• 9. Maleimide and acrylates based functional polymers
• 10. Functional protein to polymer surfaces: An attachment
• 11. Functionalized photo-responsive polymers
• 12. Functionalized coordinating polymers
• 13. Functionalized bioconductive polymers
• 14. Functionalized polymers for drug/gene delivery applications
• 15. Functionalized polymers for diagnostic engineering
• 16. Functionalized polymers for tissue engineering and regenerative medicines
• 17. Characterization methodologies of functional polymers
• 18. State-of-the-art and future perspectives of functional polymers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Advanced Functional Polymers for Biomedical Applications presents novel techniques for the preparation and characterization of functionalized polymers, enabling researchers, scientists and engineers to understand and utilize their enhanced functionality in a range of cutting-edge biomedical applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure.- Stereochemistry, Conformation, and Stereoselectivity.- Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity.- Nucleophilic Substitution.- Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.- Carbanions and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Addition, Condensation and Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.- Aromaticity.- Aromatic Substitution.- Concerted Pericyclic Reactions.- Free Radical Reactions.- Photochemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Alkylation of Enolates and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Groups.- Functional Group Interconversion, Protection and Deprotection.- Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.- Reduction of Carbon-Carbon Multiple, Carbonyl Groups, and Other Functional Groups.- Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations.- Organometallic Compounds of the Group I, II, and III Metals.- Reactions Involving the Transition Metals.- Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon, and Tin.- Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes, and Radicals as Intermediates.- Aromatic Substitution Reactions.- Oxidations.- Planning and Execution of Multistep Syntheses.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemical Bonding and Structure.- Stereochemistry, Conformation and Stereoselectivity.- Structural Effects on Stability and Reactivity.- Nucleophilic Substitution.- Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.- Carbanions and Other Carbon Nucleophiles.- Addition, Condensation and Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.- Aromaticity.- Aromatic Substitution.- Concerted Pericyclic Reactions.- Free Radical Reactions.- Photochemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Since its original appearance in 1977, Advanced Organic Chemistry has maintained its place as the premier textbook in the field, offering broad coverage of the structure, reactivity and synthesis of organic compounds. As in the earlier editions, the text contains extensive references to both the primary and review literature and provides examples of data and reactions that illustrate and document the generalizations. While the text assumes completion of an introductory course in organic chemistry, it reviews the fundamental concepts for each topic that is discussed. The two-part fifth edition has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. Among the changes: Updated material reflecting advances in the field since 2001??'s Fourth Edition, especially in computational chemistry; A companion Web site provides digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity; Solutions to the exercises provided to instructors online. The control of reactivity to achieve specific syntheses is one of the overarching goals of organic chemistry. Part B describes the most general and useful synthetic reactions, organized on the basis of reaction type. Together with Part A: Structure and Mechanisms, the two volumes are intended to provide the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student in chemistry with a sufficient foundation to comprehend and use the research literature in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The two-part, fifth edition of Advanced Organic Chemistry has been substantially revised and reorganized for greater clarity. The material has been updated to reflect advances in the field since the previous edition, especially in computational chemistry. Part A covers fundamental structural topics and basic mechanistic types. It can stand-alone; together, with Part B: Reaction and Synthesis, the two volumes provide a comprehensive foundation for the study in organic chemistry. Companion websites provide digital models for study of structure, reaction and selectivity for students and exercise solutions for instructors.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Alkylation of Nuclephilic Carbon
• Reactions of Carbon Nucleophiles with Carbonyl Groups
• Functional Group Interconversion by Nucleophilic Substitution
• Electrophilic Additions to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
• Reduction of Carbonyl and Other Functional Groups
• Cycloadditions, Unimolecular Rearrangements, and Thermal Eliminations
• Organometallic Compounds of the Group I and II Metals
• Reactions Involving the Transition Metals
• Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions of Compounds of Boron, Silicon and Tin
• Reactions Involving Carbocations, Carbenes and Radicals as Reactive Intermediates
• Aromatic Substitution Reactions
• Oxidations
• Planning and Execution of Multi-Step Syntheses.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemical bonding and structure
• stereochemical principles
• conformational, steric and stereoelectronic effects
• study and description of organic reaction mechanisms
• nucleophilic substitution
• polar addition and elimination reactions
• cabanions and other nucleophilic carbon species
• reactions of carbonyl compounds
• aromaticity
• aromatic substitution
• concerted pericyclic reactions
• free-radical reactions
• photochemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface to the Fourth Edition. Part A: Structure and Mechanisms.
• 1. Chemical Bonding and Structure.
• 2. Stereochemical Principles.
• 3. Conformational, Steric, and Stereoelectronic Effects.
• 4. Study and Description of Organic Reaction Mechanisms.
• 5. Nucleophilic Substitution.
• 6. Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.
• 7. Cabanions and Other Nucleophilic Carbon Species.
• 8. Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.
• 9. Aromaticity.
• 10. Aromatic Substitution.
• 11. Concerted Pericyclic Reactions.
• 12. Free-Radical Reactions.
• 13. Photochemistry. References. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Since its original appearance in 1977, "Advanced Organic Chemistry" has found wide use as a text providing broad coverage of the structure, reactivity and synthesis of organic compounds. The Fourth Edition provides updated material but continues the essential elements of the previous edition. The material in Part A is organized on the basis of fundamental structural topics such as structure, stereochemistry, conformation and aromaticity and basic mechanistic types, including nucleophilic substitution, addition reactions, carbonyl chemistry, aromatic substitution and free radical reactions. The material in Part B is organized on the basis of reaction type with emphasis on reactions of importance in laboratory synthesis. As in the earlier editions, the text contains extensive references to both the primary and review literature and provides examples of data and reactions that illustrate and document the generalizations. While the text assumes completion of an introductory course in organic chemistry, it reviews the fundamental concepts for each topic that is discussed. The Fourth Edition updates certain topics that have advanced rapidly in the decade since the Third Edition was published, including computational chemistry, structural manifestations of aromaticity, enantioselective reactions and lanthanide catalysis. The two parts stand alone, although there is considerable cross-referencing. Part A emphasizes quantitative and qualitative description of structural effects on reactivity and mechanism. Part B emphasizes the most general and useful synthetic reactions. The focus is on the core of organic chemistry, but the information provided forms the foundation for future study and research in medicinal and pharmaceutical chemistry, biological chemistry and physical properties of organic compounds. The New Revised 5th Edition will be available shortly.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The control of reactivity to achieve specific syntheses is one of the overarching goals of organic chemistry. In the decade since the publication of the third edition, major advances have been made in the development of efficient new methods, particularly catalytic processes, and in means for control of reaction stereochemistry. This volume assumes a level of familiarity with structural and mechanistic concepts comparable to that in the companion volume, Part A, "Structures and Mechanisms". Together, the two volumes are intended to provide the advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate student in chemistry with a sufficient foundation to comprehend and use the research literature in organic chemistry. The New Revised 5th Edition will be available shortly.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt. A. Structure and mechanisms
• pt. B. Reactions and synthesis.

• Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure.- Stereochemical Principles.- Conformational, Steric, and Stereoelectronic Effects.- Study and Description of Organic Reaction Mechanisms.- Nucleophilic Substitution.- Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.- Carbanions and Other Nucleophilic Carbon Species.- Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.- Aromaticity and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.- Concerted Reactions.- Photochemistry.- Free-Radical Reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The purpose of this edition is the same as that of the first edition, that is, to provide a deeper understanding of the structures of organic compounds and the mechanisms of organic reactions. The level is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Our goal is to solidify the student's understanding of basic concepts provided in an introduction to organic chemistry and to fill in much more information and detail, including quantitative information, than can be presented in the first course in organic chemistry. The first three chapters consider the fundamental topics of bonding theory, stereochemistry, and conformation. Chapter 4 discusses the techniques that are used to study and characterize reaction mechanisms. The remaining chapters consider basic reaction types with a broad coverage of substituent effects and stereochemistry being provided so that each reaction can be described in good, if not entirely complete, detail. The organization is very similar to the first edition with only a relative shift in emphasis having been made. The major change is the more general application of qualitative molecular orbital theory in presenting the structural basis of substituent and stereoelectronic effects. The primary research literature now uses molecular orbital approaches very widely, while resonance theory serves as the primary tool for explanation of structural and substituent effects at the introductory level. Our intention is to illustrate the use of both types of interpretation, with the goal of facilitating the student's ability to understand and apply the molecular orbital concepts now widely in use.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt. A. Structure and metabolism.--pt. B. Reactions and synthesis.

• pt. A. Structure and mechanisms
• pt. B. Reactions and synthesis.

• Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure.- Stereochemical Principles.- Conformational, Steric, and Stereoelectronic Effects.- Study and Description of Organic Reaction Mechanisms.- Nucleophilic Substitution.- Polar Addition and Elimination Reactions.- Carbanions and Other Nucleophilic Carbon Species.- Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds.- Aromaticity and Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.- Concerted Reactions.- Photochemistry.- Free-Radical Reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The purpose of this edition is the same as that of the first edition, that is, to provide a deeper understanding of the structures of organic compounds and the mechanisms of organic reactions. The level is aimed at advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students. Our goal is to solidify the student's understanding of basic concepts provided in an introduction to organic chemistry and to fill in much more information and detail, including quantitative information, than can be presented in the first course in organic chemistry. The first three chapters consider the fundamental topics of bonding theory, stereochemistry, and conformation. Chapter 4 discusses the techniques that are used to study and characterize reaction mechanisms. The remaining chapters consider basic reaction types with a broad coverage of substituent effects and stereochemistry being provided so that each reaction can be described in good, if not entirely complete, detail. The organization is very similar to the first edition with only a relative shift in emphasis having been made. The major change is the more general application of qualitative molecular orbital theory in presenting the structural basis of substituent and stereoelectronic effects. The primary research literature now uses molecular orbital approaches very widely, while resonance theory serves as the primary tool for explanation of structural and substituent effects at the introductory level. Our intention is to illustrate the use of both types of interpretation, with the goal of facilitating the student's ability to understand and apply the molecular orbital concepts now widely in use.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Radical Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Additions to the Olefinic C=C Double Bond Eliminations Substitution Reactions on Aromatic Compounds Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (Except Through Enolates) on the Carboxyl Carbon Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Heterocumulenes Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Compounds and Their Secondary Reactions Addition of H Nucleophiles and Metal Organyls to Carbonyl Compounds Reaction of Ylides with Saturated or Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Chemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metal Enolates Rearrangements Thermal Cycloadditions Transition Metal-Mediated Alkenylations, Arylations and Alkynylations Oxidations and Reductions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Localized Chemical Bonding
• Delocalized Chemical Bonding
• Bonding Weaker than Covalent
• Stereochemistry
• Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes, and Nitrenes
• Mechanisms and Methods of Determining Them
• Photochemistry
• Acids and Bases
• Effects of Structure on Reactivity
• Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution
• Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
• Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution
• Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution
• Free-Radical Substitution
• Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
• Addition to Carbon-Hetero Multiple Bonds
• Eliminations
• Rearrangements
• Oxidations and Reductions
• Appendices
• Indexes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Covering virtually every useful chemical reaction, this revised reference work discusses scope, limitation and mechanism. The text is organized by reaction type in order to facilitate ease of use. It contains over 10,000 references.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Localized Chemical bonding
• Delocalized Chemical Bonding
• Bonding Weaker than Covalent
• Stereochemistry
• Carbocations, Carbanions, Free Radicals, Carbenes and Nitrenes
• Mechanisms and Methods of Determining Them
• Photochemistry
• Acids and Bases
• Effects of Structure on Reactivity
• Aliphatic Nucleophilic Substitution
• Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution
• Aliphatic Electrophilic Substitution
• Free-Radical Substitution
• Addition to Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds
• Addition to Carbon- Hetero Multiple Bonds
• Eliminations
• Rearrangements
• Oxidations and Reductions
• The Literature of Organic Chemistry
• Classifications of Reactions by Type of Compound Synthesized.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This survey of advanced chemistry covers virtually all the useful reactions - 600 all told - with the scope, limitations and mechanism of each described in detail. Extensive general sections on the mechanisms of the important reaction types and five chapters on the structure and stereochemistry of organic compounds and reactive intermediates are included as well. Of the more than 10,000 references included, 5000 are new in this edition.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Diastereoselective Reduction of Estrone
• chapter 2 Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentene-1-amine
• chapter 3 Protection of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentene-1-amine
• chapter 4 Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for the Aminofluorination of N-(2,2- Dimethylpent-4-enyl)-2-toluenesulfonamide
• chapter 5 Asymmetric Robinson Annulation
• chapter 6 Formation of N-Benzylcinchonidinium Chloride from Cinchonidine
• chapter 7 Chiral Resolution of BINOL (1,1'-bi-2- Naphthol) with N-Benzylcinchonidinium Chloride
• chapter 8 Transesterification of Phosphatidylcholine and FAME Quantification
• chapter 9 Green Chemistry: Solventless Sequential Aldol and Michael Reactions in the Synthesis of Kröhnke Pyridine
• chapter 10 Carbonyl Chemistry in a Multistep Synthesis
• chapter 11 Multistep Synthesis of a Bioactive Peptidomimetic
• chapter 12 Total Synthesis of a Natural Product: Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE).

Laboratory experience equips students with techniques that are necessary for professional practice. Advanced Organic Synthesis: A Laboratory Manual focuses on a mechanistic background of key reactions in organic chemistry, gives insight into well-established trends, and introduces new developments in the field. The book features experiments performed by primary author Dmitry Liskin while he was a graduate student, providing a real-life quality to the experiments by using examples that have actually been conducted. It also includes recent experiments that have been published in peer-reviewed journals. The experiments are presented in a brief and simple manner, including bulleted lists of the required materials and equipment as well as step-by-step walkthroughs. Each experiment also carefully details safety issues and waste disposal methods. Emphasizing techniques and approaches used in more advanced labs, Advanced Organic Synthesis: A Laboratory Manual gives undergraduates the theoretical knowledge and practical experience they need to succeed at more advanced levels of research involving organic synthesis at the graduate or industrial level.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• General introduction Safety Safety is your primary responsibility Safe working practice Safety risk assessments Common hazards Accident and emergency procedures Bibliography Keeping records of laboratory work Introduction The laboratory notebook Keeping records of data Some tips on report and thesis preparation References Equipping the laboratory and the bench Introduction Setting up the laboratory General laboratory equipment The individual bench Equipment for parallel experiments Equipment for controlled experimentation Purification and drying of solvents Introduction Purification of solvents Drying agents Drying of solvents References Reagents: Preparation, purification, and handling Introduction Classification of reagents for handling Techniques for obtaining pure and dry reagents Techniques for handling and measuring reagents Preparation and titration of simple organometallic reagents and lithium amide bases Preparation of diazomethane References Gases Introduction Use of gas cylinders Handling gases Measurement of gases Inert gases Reagent gases References Vacuum pumps Introduction House vacuum systems (low vacuum) Medium vacuum pumps High vacuum pumps Pressure measurement and regulation Carrying out the reaction Introduction Reactions with air-sensitive reagents Reaction monitoring Reactions at other than room temperature Driving equilibria Agitation Use of controlled reactor systems References Working up the reaction Introduction Quenching the reaction Isolation of the crude product Data that need to be collected on the crude product prior to purification Purification Introduction Crystallization Distillation Sublimation Flash chromatography Dry-column flash chromatography Preparative TLC Medium pressure and prepacked chromatography systems Preparative HPLC References Small-scale reactions Introduction Reactions at or below room temperature Reactions above room temperature Reactions in NMR tubes Purification of materials Large-scale reactions Introduction Carrying out the reaction Workup and product isolation Purification of the products Special procedures Introduction Catalytic hydrogenation Photolysis Ozonolysis Flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) Liquid ammonia reactions Microwave reactions References Characterization Introduction NMR spectra IR spectra UV spectroscopy Mass spectrometry Melting point (m.p.) and boiling point (b.p.) Optical rotation Microanalysis Keeping the data Troubleshooting: What to do when things don't work The chemical literature The structure of the chemical literature Some important paper-based sources of chemical information Some important electronic-based sources of chemical information How to find chemical information Current awareness References Appendices Properties of common solvents Properties of common gases Approximate pKa values for some common reagents versus common bases Common Bronsted acids Common Lewis acids Common reducing reagents Common oxidizing reagents Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Any research that uses new organic chemicals, or ones that are not commercially available, will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. Therefore, organic synthesis is important in many areas of both applied and academic research, from chemistry to biology, biochemistry, and materials science. The third edition of a bestseller, Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry is a guide that explains the basic techniques of organic chemistry, presenting the necessary information for readers to carry out widely used modern organic synthesis reactions. This book is written for advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as industrial organic chemists, particularly those involved in pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other areas of fine chemical research. It provides the novice or nonspecialist with the often difficult-to-find information on reagent properties needed to perform general techniques. With over 80 years combined experience training and developing organic research chemists in industry and academia, the authors offer sufficient guidance for researchers to perform reactions under conditions that give the highest chance of success, including the appropriate precautions to take and proper experimental protocols. The text also covers the following topics: * Record keeping and equipment * Solvent purification and reagent preparation * Using gases and working with vacuum pumps * Purification, including crystallization and distillation * Small-scale and large-scale reactions * Characterization, including NMR spectra, melting point and boiling point, and microanalysis * Efficient ways to find information in the chemical literature With fully updated text and all newly drawn figures, the third edition provides a powerful tool for building the knowledge on the most up-to-date techniques commonly used in organic synthesis.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Safety
• keeping records of laboratory work
• equipping the laboratory and the bench
• purification and drying of solvents
• reagents - purification and handling
• gases
• vacuum pumps
• carrying out the reaction
• working up the reaction
• purification
• small-scale reactions
• large-scale reactions
• characterization
• the chemical literature
• special procedures
• trouble shooting.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Any research which uses new organic chemicals or those which are not available commercially will at some time require the synthesis of such compounds. This practical book covers the most up-to-date techniques commonly used in organic synthesis, and updates the first edition. This book should be of interest to: postgraduate industrial and advanced undergraduate organic chemists; biologists, biochemists and genetic engineers; material scientists; polymer researchers; and pharmaceutical, agrochemical and others involved with fine chemicals research and electronics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Selected Problems: A tandem route to 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted naphthalenes. The Hooker oxidation. Benzopyrene synthesis - by accident. Lactone ammonolysis. Acid-catalysed condensation of indole with acetone. Flash vacuum pyrolysis of o-xylylene dimers. A "stable enol" that doesn't exist. Reaction of benzothiazole with DMAD. Ring contractions of a dibenzothiepinone. Rearrangement of 6-hydroxyprotopine to dihydrosanguinarine. An intramolecular Wittig reaction. Easy contruction of a tricyclic indole related to the mitomycins. A flavone from a chromanone. Lewis acid-catalysed condensation of indole with 1,3-cyclohexanedione. Two syntheses of dehydrorotenone.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Covering all major areas of modern organic chemistry, this text consists of 300 problems which challenge the user in terms of providing reasonable mechanistic interpretations of sets of experimental observations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
"The Elsevier Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series" is a topical series of monographs by world-renowned scientists in several fields of organic chemistry. "The Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series" has been very successful in providing some of the very best scholarly works in these topical areas that have proven to be of lasting quality as indispensable reference sources. These books have provided the practicing researcher, student and scholar with an invaluable source of comprehensive reviews in organic chemistry, predominantly in the areas of synthesis and structure determination, including: Reagents; Reaction mechanisms; Molecular Diversity; Asymmetric Synthesis; Multi-dimensional nmr; Enzymatic Synthesis; Organometallic Chemistry; and, Biologically Important Molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Selected Problems: A tandem route to 1,2,3,4-tetrasubstituted naphthalenes. The Hooker oxidation. Benzopyrene synthesis - by accident. Lactone ammonolysis. Acid-catalysed condensation of indole with acetone. Flash vacuum pyrolysis of o-xylylene dimers. A "stable enol" that doesn't exist. Reaction of benzothiazole with DMAD. Ring contractions of a dibenzothiepinone. Rearrangement of 6-hydroxyprotopine to dihydrosanguinarine. An intramolecular Wittig reaction. Easy contruction of a tricyclic indole related to the mitomycins. A flavone from a chromanone. Lewis acid-catalysed condensation of indole with 1,3-cyclohexanedione. Two syntheses of dehydrorotenone.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Elsevier Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series is a topical series of monographs by world-renowned scientists in several fields of organic chemistry. The Tetrahedron Organic Chemistry Series has been very successful in providing some of the very best scholarly works in these topical areas that have proven to be of lasting quality as indispensable reference sources. These books have provided the practicing researcher, student and scholar with an invaluable source of comprehensive reviews in organic chemistry, predominantly in the areas of synthesis and structure determination, including: * Reagents * Reaction mechanisms * Molecular Diversity * Asymmetric Synthesis * Multi-dimensional nmr * Enzymatic Synthesis * Organometallic Chemistry * Biologically Important Molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Tool compounds for mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics
• 2. Principles of proteomic reactions of covalent inhibitors
• 3. Reporter tags and chemistry for probe-reacted proteins
• 4. Chemical derivatization of peptides for quantitative proteomics
• 5. Database-searching strategies for probe-reacted proteins in a proteome
• 6. Solid-phase reagents for discovering inhibitors of kinases
• 7. Fragment screening for discovering covalent probes
• 8. Designer compounds for locational proteomics
• 9. Chemical proteomics for exploring protein lipidation Targeting Author: Edward Tate
• 10. Synthetic evolution of indocyanine green with the 2-nitroimidazole warhead for imaging of hypoxic tumor.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Advances in Chemical Proteomics provides essential concepts and recent applications on probes, tool compounds and concepts for chemical proteomics and then moves on to applications, including solid-phase reagents, fragment screening, designer compounds and protein lipidation. As the second volume in the Developments in Organic Chemistry series, each chapter is written by experts in the field. Users will find this to be a valuable reference for organic chemists and chemical biologists who are interested in developing tool compounds and reagents to measure and interrogate proteome, develop drug leads, and measure off-target effects and drug toxicity. Analytical chemists who are interested in better understanding organic chemistry behind commonly used reagents for quantitative proteomics and tools compounds in the emerging field of chemical proteomics will also benefit from this comprehensive resource on the topics presented.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 The Hammett Equation
• the Present Position
• 2 The Separation of Polar, Steric, and Resonance Effects by the Use of Linear Free Energy Relationships
• 3 Linear Free Energy Relationships and Optical Spectroscopy
• 4 Linear Correlations of Substituent Effects in 1H, 19F, and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• 5 The Influence of the Solvent on Organic Reactivity
• 6 The Influence of the Reagent on Organic Reactivity
• 7 Linear Free Energy Relationships in Inorganic Chemistry
• 8 Linear Free Energy Relationships in Enzymology
• 9 The Interpretation of Drug Action through Linear Free Energy Relationships
• 10 Interpretation of Mass Spectrometry Data through Linear Free Energy Relationships
• Author Index.

Louis P. Hammett Mitchill Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Columbia University My interest in linear free energy relationships began when, just out of graduate school, I read in 1924 the article by Bmnsted and Pedersen which for the first time reported the existence of such a relationship. That interest continues to be an active one and, to judge merely by the extensive biblio­ graphies contained in the present volume, it is widely shared. To my mind a particularly happy aspect of the existence of linear free energy relationships has been the proof it supplies that one need not suppose that the behavior of nature is hopelessly complicated merely because one cannot find a theoretical reason for supposing it to be otherwise. The effect of a substituent in an organic molecule on rate or equilibrium of reaction involves a fourfold difference between relatively large quantities, a situation which always makes for difficult theory. Yet systematic organic chemistry could hardly have existed were it not true that like changes in structure lead to like changes in reactivity. Linear free energy relationships constitute the quantitative specialisation of this fundamental principle, and they stand indeed more in the office of teacher to theory than in that of learner from it.

Advances in Mathematical Chemistry and Applications highlights the recent progress in the emerging discipline of discrete mathematical chemistry. Editors Subhash C. Basak, Guillermo Restrepo, and Jose Luis Villaveces have brought together 27 chapters written by 68 internationally renowned experts in these two volumes. Each volume comprises a wise integration of mathematical and chemical concepts and covers numerous applications in the field of drug discovery, bioinformatics, chemoinformatics, computational biology, mathematical proteomics, and ecotoxicology. Volume 2 explores deeper the topics introduced in Volume 1, with numerous additional topics such as topological approaches for classifying fullerene isomers; chemical reaction networks; discrimination of small molecules using topological molecular descriptors; GRANCH methods for the mathematical characterization of DNA, RNA and protein sequences; linear regression methods and Bayesian techniques; in silico toxicity prediction methods; drug design; integration of bioinformatics and systems biology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics; metalloenzyme models; protein folding models; molecular periodicity; generalized topologies and their applications; and many more.

• Early Days of Transition-Metal Carbene Complexes
• Carbyne to Carbene Conversion Reactions at Hetero-Nuclear Dimetal Centres
• Stable, Terminal Methylene (=CH2) Complexes of Ruthenium, Osmium and Iridium
• Metal-Mediated Cyclization of Alkynes and Carbenes: A New Route Toward Highly Substituted Cyclopentanoids
• N, N?, N?, N?-Functionalised Electron-Rich Alkenes and Their Role in Transition-Metal Chemistry
• Synthesis and Properties of Chlorotris(1,3 Dibenzylimidazolidin-2-Ylidene)Rhodium(I) and of Some Related Compounds
• Synthesis of Cyclic and Acyclic Carbene Complexes Derived from Isocyanide Ligands in Complexes of Palladium(II) and Platinum(II)
• Hydridocarbene Complexes of Platinum(II) Derived from Electrophilic Cleavage of C-F Bonds in Hydridotrifluoromethyl Compounds by Proton Acids
• Potential Role of Metal-Carbene Complexes in the Development of Polymer-Supported Coordination Chemistry
• Carbene Complexes Derived from the Activation of Isocyanides and Alkynes by Electron-Rich Metal Centres
• Synthesis of Isonitrile Substituted Tungsten Carbyne Complexes and Their Reactions with Electrophiles
• Metal Carbene Complexes from Alkynes
• Carbene Ligands and Metal-Carbon-Sulfur Ring Compounds of Tungsten and Iron
• Synthesis and Reactions of?2-Carbene Complexes
• Cyanocarbene Dinuclear Derivatives of Iron
• Organometallic Synthons for Anionic Thiocarbene and?-Deprotonated Thione Complexes
• Opening of Oxirane and Oxetane Rings by the Conjugate Base of the Pentacarbonyl(Methoxy-Methyl)Chromium Complex in the Presence of BF3. Et2O
• Formation of Metal-Carbon Double Bonds by R3SiX Elimination
• Ligand Migrations to Coordinated Carbene
• New (Butadiene)Zirconocene Carbene Complex Chemistry
• Structure and Reactivity of the Tungsten Vinylcarbene Complexes [W(=CPh-CH=CRMe)Br2(CO)2L] (R = H, Me; L = 4-Picoline). Is the Vinyl Group Acting as a Pure?-Donor Ligand?
• Dioxophosphinomethylidene Molybdenum(VI)Complexes
• Reactions of Benzylidene(Pentacarbonyl) Complexes
• In-Situ Generation of the Benzylidene Complex [Cp(CO)2W=CH(Tol)]+ and Its Reactions with Alkynes
• Carbene Complexes in Selective Organic Synthesis: Novel Applications of Carbene Annulation Reactions
• Formation of C=C Double Bonds by Novel Insertion Reactions of Allenes, Heterocumulenes and Acid Amides Into M=C Bonds of Fischer Carbene Complexes
• Photolytic Reactions of Chromium Carbene Complexes in the Synthesis of Optically Active, Biologically Active Compounds
• 53Cr Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Pentacarbonylchromium Carbene Complexes
• Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Highly Electrophilic Carbene Complexes of the Type C5H5(CO)(L)Fe=CHR+
• The Carbene Complex Route To Donor-Acceptor-Substituted Cyclopropanes
• Reaction between Pentacarbonylchromium or Tungsten Complexes of Carbenes and Terminal Phosphinidenes
• Alkene-Carbene Complexes of Tungsten and Chromium: Their Reaction with Alkynes
• Reactions of Acetylenes and Alkenes Induced by Catalysts of Olefin Metathesis
• The Reactions of Mo(NtBu)(=CHtBu)(CH2But)2 with Alcohols: Competition between Molybdenum to Carbon Single and Double Bond Reactivities
• The Metathesis Polymerization of Norbornene and Its Derivatives Initiated by Tungsten-Carbene Complexes: Relative Stability of the Intermediate Tungstenacyclobutane Complexes
• The Preparation and Reactivity of Several Alkylidene Complexes of the Type W(CHR?)(N-2, 6-C6H3-iPr2)(OR)2 and Related Tungstacyclobutane Complexes: How the Choice of or Ligand Controls Structure and Metathesis Activity
• On the Presence of Dichloro-W-Carbenes in Photo-Catalytic Olefin Metathesis Reactions
• Studies on Stoichiometric and Catalytic Metathesis and other Reactions of Imines with Fischer Type Carbene Tungsten Complexes. Part XVI
• Metathesis of Alkenes and Polymerisation of Alkynes with Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Schrock-Type Carbene Complexes. Part XVII
• Easily Accessible Methylene Complexes of Molybdenum and Tungsten: Structure and Application in Organic Synthesis
• Organometallic Reagents Prepared by the Reduction of Dihaloalkanes with Low Valent Titanium or Chromium
• Carbene Synthons in Monothioacetal Reactions
• The Determination of Electron Density Distributions in Organometallic Compounds
• Recent Experimental Results.

There are only few topics in organometallic chemistry, which have stimulated research activities in as many areas, as transition-metal carbene (alkylidene) complexes. About 25 years after the first planned synthesis of a carbene complex in E.O. Fischer's laboratory in Munich the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Transition-Metal Carbene Complexes was the first meeting which, brought together scientists from different disciplines to discuss inorganic, organic, theoretical structural catalysis-related aspects of metal carbene chemistry. The 70th birthday of Professor E.O. Fischer was a good occasion for this enterprise. The organizers of the meeting (K.D. Dotz, Marburg; F.R. KreiBl, Munchen; U. Schubert, Wurzburg) were encouraged by the fact that most of the leading scientists in this area were able to participate in the workshop. The very high standard of the contributions is reflected in this book, which contains papers from the majority of the participants. The Proceedings show the state of the art in metal carbene chemistry and will hopefully be a landmark in the development of this area of chemistry. Generous financial support for the workshop and for the preparation of this book was provided by the Scientific Affairs Division of NATO and some companies. The organizers also acknowledge the efforts of the staff of the Bildungs zentrum der Hans-Seidel-Stiftung in Wild bad Kreuth for creating a pleasant and stimulating atmosphere during the conference.

• Part I Nucleation and Crystal Growth.- In-situ Solid-state NMR Studies of Crystallization Processes.- Structure of Supersaturated Solution and Crystal Nucleation.- Nucleation and Crystal Growth in Limited Crystallization Field.- Supersaturation-Sealed Protein Misfolding Funnels Revealed by Ultrasonication (Amyloid fibrillation).- Part II Structure and Morphology.- Supramolecular Chirality of Twofold Helical Columns in Organic Crystals.- Construction of Aromatic Folding Architecture.- Analysis of Intermolecular Interactions by ab initio Molecular Orbital Calculations.- Part III Polymorphism.- Polymorphism in Molecular Crystals and Cocrystals.- Hydration/Dehydration Phase Transition: Mechanism in Organic Crystals Investigated by ab initio Crystal Structure Determination from Powder Diffraction Data.- Polymorphism and Pseudopolymorhism in Organic Crystals.- Variety of Combinations of Weak Intermolecular Interactions in Crystal Polymorphs and Pseudopolymorphs.- Crystallization Tendency of Pharmaceutical Glasses.- Part IV Function.- Luminescence Modulation of Organic Crystal by Supramolecular Approach.- Azacalixarenes: Ever-Growing Versatile Macrocyclic Compounds.- Photoinduced Mechanical Motion of Photochromic Crystalline Materials.- Luminescent Crystal - Control of Luminescence Properties by the Mode of Molecular Packing.- Crystal Engineering Approach towards Molecule-Based Magnetic Materials.- Solid-state Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Chiral Supramolecular Organic Fluorophore.- Part V Chirality.- How to Use Pasteur's Tweezers.- Chiral Discrimination in the Solid State and Applications to Resolution and Deracemization.- Total Resolution of Racemates by Dynamic Preferential Crystallization.- Preferential Enrichment:Origin and Application to Cocrystals.- Chiral Metal-Organic Framework Crystals.- Chiral Recognition by Inclusion Crystals of Amino Acid Derivatives.- Part VI Solid-State Polymerization.- Solid-State Polymerization for Structure Control.- Topochemical Polymerization of Amino Acid N-Carboxy Anhydrides in the Crystalline State.- Organic Layered Crystals for Multi-Component Organic Alloys and Topochemical Polymerization.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For the last decade, the topics of organic crystal chemistry have become diversified, and each topic has been substantially advanced in concert with the rapid development of various analytical and measurement techniques for solid-state organic materials. The aim of this book is to systematically summarize and record the recent notable advances in various topics of organic crystal chemistry involving liquid crystals and organic-inorganic hybrid materials that have been achieved mainly in the last 5 years or so. The authors are invited members of the Division of Organic Crystals, The Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), and prominent invited experts from abroad. This edited volume is planned to be published periodically, at least every 5 years, with contributions by prominent authors in Japan and from abroad.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Nucleation and crystal growth
• X-Ray Birefringence Imaging (XBI): A New Technique for Spatially Resolved Mapping of Molecular Orientations in Materials / Kenneth D. M. Harris, Rhian Patterson, Yating Zhou, Stephen P. Collins
• Direct Visualization of Crystal Formation and Growth Probed by the Organic Fluorescent Molecules / Fuyuki Ito
• Anti-solvent Crystallization Method for Production of Desired Crystalline Particles / Hiroshi Takiyama
• Crystal Nucleation of Proteins Induced by Surface Plasmon Resonance / Tetsuo Okutsu
• Control of Crystal Size Distribution and Polymorphs in the Crystallization of Organic Compounds / Koichi Igarashi, Hiroshi Ooshima
• Managing Thermal History to Stabilize/Destabilize Pharmaceutical Glasses / Kohsaku Kawakami
• Part II. Structure and Design of Crystals
• Supramolecular, Hierarchical, and Energetical Interpretation of Organic Crystals: Generation of Supramolecular Chirality in Assemblies of Achiral Molecules / Mikiji Miyata, Seiji Tsuzuki
• Relationship Between Atomic Contact and Intermolecular Interactions: Significant Importance of Dispersion Interactions Between Molecules Without Short Atom–Atom Contact in Crystals / Seiji Tsuzuki
• Pharmaceutical Multicomponent Crystals: Structure, Design, and Properties / Okky Dwichandra Putra, Hidehiro Uekusa
• The Design of Porous Organic Salts with Hierarchical Process / Norimitsu Tohnai
• Layered Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks as Highly Crystalline Porous Materials / Ichiro Hisaki, Qin Ji, Kiyonori Takahashi, Takayoshi Nakamura
• Kinetic Assembly of Porous Coordination Networks Leads to Trapping Unstable Elemental Allotropes / Hiroyoshi Ohtsu, Pavel M. Usov, Masaki Kawano
• Creation of Organic-Metal Hybridized Nanocrystals Toward Nonlinear Optics Applications / Tsunenobu Onodera, Rodrigo Sato, Yoshihiko Takeda, Hidetoshi Oikawa
• Part III. Function
• Luminescent Crystal–Control of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Luminescence Through Polymorphism / Toshiki Mutai
• Solid-State Fluorescence Switching Using Photochromic Diarylethenes / Seiya Kobatake, Tatsumoto Nakahama
• Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solid-State Chiral Luminophores / Yoshitane Imai
• Azulene-Based Materials for Organic Field-Effect Transistors / Hiroshi Katagiri
• Electrochemical Functions of Nanostructured Liquid Crystals with Electronic and Ionic Conductivity / Masahiro Funahashi
• Part IV. Kryptoracemates / Edward R. T. Tiekink
• Twenty-Five Years’ History, Mechanism, and Generality of Preferential Enrichment as a Complexity Phenomenon / Rui Tamura, Hiroki Takahashi, Gérard Coquerel
• Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Dynamic Enantioselective Crystallization / Masami Sakamoto
• Molecular Recognition by Inclusion Crystals of Chiral Host Molecules Having Trityl and Related Bulky Groups / Motohiro Akazome, Shoji Matsumoto
• Asymmetric Catalysis and Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation by Homochiral Metal–Organic Framework: Recent Advances
• Koichi Tanaka
• Part V. Solid-State Polymerization of Conjugated Acetylene Compounds to Form pi-conjugated polymers / Shuji Okada, Yoko Tatewaki, Ryohei Yamakado
• Click Chemistry to Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Synthetic Tool for MOF and Applications for Functional Materials / Kazuki Sada, Kenta Kokado.

This book summarizes and records the recent notable advances in diverse topics in organic crystal chemistry, which has made substantial progress along with the rapid development of a variety of analysis and measurement techniques for solid organic materials. This review book is one of the volumes that are published periodically on this theme. The previous volume, published in 2015, systematically summarized the remarkable progress in assorted topics of organic crystal chemistry using organic solids and organic-inorganic hybrid materials during the previous 5 years, and it has been widely read. The present volume also shows the progress of organic solid chemistry in the last 5 years, with contributions mainly by invited members of the Division of Organic Crystal Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), together with prominent invited authors from countries other than Japan.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The setting
• old and new reactions of diazo compounds
• medium-sized ring effects
• electrophilic azo compounds and azomethine imines
• benzyne chemistry
• azoles and azides
• 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions
• electrocyclic reactions
• 1,4-dipolar cycloadditions
• (2+2) cycloadditions of ketenes
• (2+2) cycloadditions of donor and acceptor olefins
• glimpses and reflections - more on my life and thoughts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The "Profiles, Pathways and Dreams" series is a "who's who" of organic chemistry that follows the lives of some of chemistry's most eminent and prolific scientists. Each contributor describes his research and science over the range of his career. Together, these autobiographies illustrate how various disciplines of chemistry have progressed over the past 50 years. Noted for his discoveries in the field of heterocyclic chemistry, Rolf Huisgen "invented" numerous reactions, including the 2 + 3 dipolar cycloaddition. In this book, he tells of rebuilding the famous Munich laboratory from rubble after the destruction due to the bombings of Munich in World War II. Huisgen's philosophies of life and science are discussed in detail in academia. Many photographs depict both the professional, as well as the personal side of this renowned scientist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Enzymology of Milk and Dairy Products: Overview
• 2. The plasmin system in milk and dairy products
• 3. Lysosomal and other indigenous non-plasmin proteases in bovine milk
• 4. Phosphatases in milk
• 5. Antimicrobial enzymes in milk, and their role in human milk
• 6. Enzymes associated with milk phospholipid membrane structures: Milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles
• 7. Milk and other glycosidases
• 8. The enzymology of non-bovine milk
• 9. The enzymology of human milk
• 10. Lipases from milk and other sources
• 11. Heat-stable Microbial Peptidases Associated with the Microbiota of Raw Milk
• 12. The heat stability of indigenous and bacterial enzymes in milk
• 13. The role of proteases in the stability of UHT-treated Milk
• 14. Milk-clotting enzymes
• 15. Enzymology of cheese ripening
• 16. Enzyme modified cheese
• 17. Enzymatic Protein Cross-Linking in Dairy Science and Technology
• 18. The production of bioactive peptides from milk proteins
• 19. Reducing allergenicity by proteolysis
• 20. Final thoughts, future perspectives, and emerging enzymes.

The enzymology of milk and other products is of enormous significance for the production and quality of almost every dairy product. Milk itself is a complex biological fluid that contains a wide range of enzymes with diverse activities, some of which have identifiable functions while others are present as an accidental consequence of the mechanism of milk secretion. Over time milk enzymology has become an incredibly essential component of milk and other dairy product production, and with advancing technology and processing techniques, its importance is at its peak. Dairy Enzymology presents an expansive overview of the enzymology of milk and other dairy products, focusing on the use of indigenous and endogenous enzymes in milk and exogenous enzymes in cheese processing. A full section is dedicated to the enzymology of bovine milk, focusing on the main families of indigenous enzymes as well as their potential significance in the mammary gland plus the technological significance for the properties of dairy products. Implications for the manufacture and ripening of cheese plus the use of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase for measuring heat treatment in milk are explored in full, and the role of milk protease plasmin and other indigenous enzymes in the age-gelation is focused on. Further sections focus on enzymes found in raw milk and enzymes deliberately added for manufacture or modification of properties and the manufacture of food ingredients from dairy-derived ingredients. The key bacterial families are discussed in depth as well as their known contributions to the quality of dairy products. With its comprehensive scope and fully up-to-date coverage of dairy product enzymology, this text is a singular source for researchers looking to understand this essential dairy processing aspect.

• IR maxima sequence.--Melting point sequence.--Refractive index sequence.--Boiling point sequence.--Molecular weight sequence.--Density sequence.

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued. The current list of Specialist Periodical Reports can be seen on the inside flap of this volume.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage of progress in the major areas of chemical research. Written by experts in their specialist fields the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, supplying regular critical in-depth accounts of progress in particular areas of chemistry. For over 80 years the Royal Society of Chemistry and its predecessor, the Chemical Society, have been publishing reports charting developments in chemistry, which originally took the form of Annual Reports. However, by 1967 the whole spectrum of chemistry could no longer be contained within one volume and the series Specialist Periodical Reports was born. The Annual Reports themselves still existed but were divided into two, and subsequently three, volumes covering Inorganic, Organic and Physical Chemistry. For more general coverage of the highlights in chemistry they remain a 'must'. Since that time the SPR series has altered according to the fluctuating degree of activity in various fields of chemistry. Some titles have remained unchanged, while others have altered their emphasis along with their titles; some have been combined under a new name whereas others have had to be discontinued.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Isolation, Identification, and Structure Elucidation of Alkaloids A General Overview.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Isolation.- 2.1 Extraction.- 2.2 Chromatography.- 2.3 Artifacts.- 2.4 Selective Detection.- 3 Identification and Structure Elucidation.- 3.1 Spectroscopic Method.- 3.1.1 UV (Ultaviolet).- 3.1.2 IR (Infrared).- 3.1.3 ORD and CD (Optical Rotation Dispersion and Circular Dichromism).- 3.1.4 X-Ray Crystallography.- 3.1.5 MS (Mass Spectrometry).- 3.1.6 NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance).- 3.1.7 1H-NMR.- 3.1.8 13C-NMR.- 3.1.9 2D-NMR.- 4 Strategy.- 5 Future Prospects.- References.- Inverse-Detected 2D-NMR Applications in Alkaloid Chemistry.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Historical Background.- 3 Suppression of Unwanted Magnetization Arising from 1H-12C Species.- 4 Inverse-Detected One-Bond Heteronuclear Shift Correlation Experiments.- 4.1 HMQC.- 4.2 DEPT-HMQC.- 4.3 HSQC.- 4.4 HMQC Using Spin-Locking Fields.- 4.5 Comparison of the Available Inverse-Detected One-Bond Heteronuclear Correlation Experiments.- 5 Long-Range Heteronuclear Chemical Shift Correlation - HMBC.- 6 HMQC-TOCSY and Other Hyphenated Inverse-Detected 2D Experiments.- 6.1 Interpretation of HMQC-TOCSY Spectra.- 6.2 Modifications of the HMQC-TOCSY Experiment - Inverted Direct Responses.- 6.3 DEPT-HMQC-TOCSY.- 6.4 Suppression of Direct Responses in HMQC-TOCSY Spectra.- 7 Other Inverse-Detected NMR Experiments -Selective and F1 Region-Selected Experiments.- 7.1 Selective One-Dimensional Analogs of HMBC - SIMBA.- 7.2 One-Dimensional HMQC-TOCSY.- 7.3 F1 Region-Selected HMBC.- 7.4 HMQC-NOESY and HMQC-ROESY.- 8 Sample Requirements.- 9 Applications of Inverse-Detected NMR Techniques to Alkaloid Chemistry. Structural Problems.- 9.1 Terrestrial Alkaloids.- 9.1.1 Carbazole Alkaloids.- 9.1.2 Indolizidine Alkaloids.- 9.1.3 Diterpene Alkaloids.- 9.1.4 Indole-Derived Alkaloids.- 9.1.5 Pyrrole, Imidazole, Pyrrolizidine, Pyridine, and Related Alkaloids.- 9.2 Marine Alkaloids.- 9.2.1 Quinoline Alkaloids.- 9.2.2 Acridine Alkaloids.- 9.2.3 Tetrahydroisoquinoline Alkaloids.- 9.2.4 Pyrrole and Imidazole-Derived Alkaloids.- 9.2.5 Pyridine-Containing Alkaloids.- 9.2.6 Indole Alkaloids.- 9.2.7 Carbazole Alkaloids.- 9.2.8 Oxazole/Thiazole Containing Alkaloids.- 9.2.9 Bromotyrosine/Bromodopamine-Derived Alkaloids.- 9.2.10 Guanidine-Derived Alkaloids.- 10 Conclusion.- References.- Electrochemical Detection of Alkaloids in HPLC.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Principles of HPLC with Electrochemical Detection.- 2.1 Basic Principles of Electrochemical Detection.- 2.2 Electroactive Functional Groups in Alkaloids.- 2.3 Mobile Phase.- 2.3.1 Conductivity.- 2.3.2 Background Current and Noise.- 2.3.3 pH.- 2.4 Electrode Materials and Flow Cells.- 2.5 Selection of Applied Potential.- 3 Methods of Detection in Plants.- 3.1 Psilocin and Psilocybin in Fungi.- 3.2 Hordenine in Germinating Barley.- 3.3 Catharanthus Alkaloids in Cell Culture.- 3.4 Atropine in Belladonna Preparations.- 3.5 Castanospermine in Leaves.- 4 Possible Methods for Detecting Other Alkaloids.- 4.1 Opium Alkaloids.- 4.2 Physostigmine.- 4.3 Coca Alkaloids.- 4.4 Sparteine.- 5 Conclusions and Future Directions.- References.- Gas Chromatography in the Analysis of Alkaloids.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids.- 3 Quinolizidine Alkaloids.- 4 Tropane Alkaloids.- 5 Quinoline Alkaloids.- 6 Morphinan Alkaloids.- 7 Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids.- 8 Ergot Indole Alkaloids.- 9 Steroidal Alkaloids.- 10 Diterpenoid Alkaloids.- 11 Other Alkaloids.- 12 Conclusion.- References.- Alkaloid Analysis in Flue-Cured Tobacco.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Factors Affecting Alkaloid Concentration.- 3 Methods of Analysis of Tobacco Alkaloids.- 3.1 Steam Distillation.- 3.2 Autoanalyzer.- 3.3 Chromatographic Analysis of Tobacco Alkaloids.- 3.3.1 Paper Chromatography.- 3.3.2 Paper Chromatography - Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer.- 3.3.3 Thin-Layer Chromatography.- 3.3.4 Gas Chromatography.- 3.3.5 High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 3.4 Cundiff-Markunas Extraction Method.- 3.5 Alternative Methods.- 4 Summary.- References.- Assessment of Burley and Dark Tobacco Alkaloids During Storage, Aging, and Fermentation.- 1 Importance of Pyridine Alkaloids to Tobacco Quality and Usability.- 2 Importance of Storage, Aging, and Fermentation.- 3 Chemical Analyses.- 3.1 Total Tobacco Alkaloids.- 3.2 Individual Tobacco Alkaloids.- 3.3 Nitrite.- 3.4 Calcium.- 3.5 Moisture.- References.- Detection of Alkaloids in Environmental Tobacco Smoke.- 1 Introduction.- 1.1 Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke.- 1.2 Tobacco-Related Alkaloids.- 1.3 Pyrolysates of Tobacco Alkaloids.- 1.4 Tobacco-Related Alkaloids as Tracers of ETS in Indoor Air.- 2 Overview of Sampling and Analysis Methods.- 3 Time-Integrated Sampling/Gas Chromatographic Analysis.- 3.1 Active Sampling and XAD-4 Sorbent Collection.- 3.1.1 Principle.- 3.1.2 Apparatus.- 3.1.3 Reagents.- 3.1.4 Preparation of Standard Solutions.- 3.1.5 Collection and Preparation of Samples.- 3.1.6 Alkaloids Determination.- 3.1.7 Desorption Efficiency Determination.- 3.1.8 Calculations.- 3.2 Active Sampling and Bisulfate-Treated Filter Collection.- 3.2.1 Principle.- 3.2.2 Apparatus.- 3.2.3 Reagents.- 3.2.4 Preparation of Standard Solutions.- 3.2.5 Collection and Preparation of Samples.- 3.2.6 Alkaloids Determination.- 3.2.7 Desorption Efficiency Determination.- 3.2.8 Calculations.- 3.3 Passive Sampling and Bisulfate-Treated Filter Collection.- 3.3.1 Principle.- 3.3.2 Apparatus.- 3.3.3 Reagents.- 3.3.4 Preparation of Standard Solutions.- 3.3.5 Collection and Prekparation of Samples.- 3.3.6 Alkaloids Determination.- 3.3.7 Desorption Efficiency Determination.- 3.3.8 Calculations.- 4 Real-Time Sampling/Mass Spectrometric Analysis.- 4.1 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry.- 4.2 Real-Time Quantitative Analysis.- 4.2.1 Calibration.- 4.2.2 Alkaloids Determination.- 4.2.3 Internal Standard.- 5 Summary.- References.- Methods for Production of Alkaloids in Root Cultures and Analysis of Products.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Induction of Transformed Roots.- 2.1 Choice of Bacterial Strains.- 2.2 Culture of Bacteria.- 2.3 Transformation of Plant Tissues.- 2.4 Culture of Root Tissues and Decontamination.- 2.5 Growth and Maintenance of Root Cultures.- 2.6 A Protocol for Cryopreservation of Transformed Roots of Nicotiana rustica.- 3 Proof of Transformation.- 3.1 DNA Extraction from Transformed Roots.- 3.1.1 "Pure DNA" Isolation Procedure.- 3.1.2 DNA "Miniprep" Method.- 3.2 Detection of T-DNA.- 3.2.1 Sources of Probes.- 3.2.2 Recovery of DNA from Agarose Gels.- 3.3 Southern Blotting to Detect T-DNA in Tissues of Plant Material.- 3.4 DNA Labeling and Hybridization.- 3.4.1 Labeling Buffer.- 3.4.2 DNA Labeling.- 3.5 DNA Hybridization.- 3.6 Detection of T-DNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).- 4 Alkaloid Extraction and Quantification.- References.- Genetic and Chemical Analysis for Alkaloids in Papaver.- 1 Introduction.- 2 Genetics of Major Opium Alkaloids and Importance of Chemical Analysis.- 2.1 Genetics of Alkaloids of Sections Papaver and Oxytona.- 2.2 Importance of Chemical Analysis.- 3 Chemical Analysis of Major Opium Alkaloids.- 3.1 Isolation of Alkaloids from Opium.- 3.2 Quantitation of Alkaloids.- 3.2.1 Gravimetric/Volumetric Methods.- 3.2.2 Colorimetric Methods.- 3.2.3 Spectrofluorimetric Determination.- 3.2.4 Thin Layer (TLC) and Paper Chromatographs (PC).- 3.2.5 Gas Liquid Chromatography (GLC).- 3.2.6 High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 4 Concluding Remarks.- References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

It is refreshing to find a book treating alkaloid analysis with all the latest techniques such as inverse-detected two dimensional NMR, GC/MS, and HPLC associated techniques. There have been many developments in the field of alkaloid analysis since the 1950s, not the least of which are the various powerful spectroscopic methods, which dominate this volume. Included also are the various aspects of tobacco alkaloids and analysis in various situations. The complexities of sampling and analysis in tobacco smoke is explained. Analysis of alkaloids produced by tobacco root cell cultures is included, while genetic and chemical analysis is described for Papaver, a plant of considerable medicinal significance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Homoerythrina and Related Alkaloids.-
• 2. Carbon-13 NMR Spectroscopy of Steroidal Alkaloids.-
• 3. Carbon-13 and Proton NMR Shift Assignments and Physical Constants of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids.- Organism Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Volume 7 of Alkaloids: Chemical and Biological Perspectives appears under the aegis of a new publisher: the distinguished firm of Springer- Verlag New York, Inc. This volume presents three timely reviews on alkaloids: Chapter 1 reviews the homoerythrina and related alkaloids. a group of compounds occurring in seventeen species that are native to countries bordering the western Pacific. Since the last review in 1981, the number of these alkaloids has doubled. Chapter 2 is a comprehensive review of the carbon-13 NMR spectros- copy of steroidal alkaloids. Because more than 350 plant species have yielded steroidal alkaloids and these alkaloids exhibit a wide spectrum of biological activities, including teratogenicity, this catalog of spectral and physical data should prove very useful to workers in this field. Chapter 3 presents a detailed review of proton and carbon-I3 NMR shift assignments and physical constants of norditerpenoid alkaloids. This chap- ter is an extensive supplement to the review that appeared in Volume 2 of this series. In addition to the catalog of spectral and physical data, this chapter includes tables of proton and carbon shift assignments, a table of the occurrence of alkaloids in plant species, an index of al1 X-ray crystal structure determinations of norditerpenoid alkaloids, and tables containing molecular formulas versus calculated high-resolution mass values and calculated high-resolution mass values versus molecular formulas of nor- diterpenoid alkaloids. Each chapter in this volume has been reviewed by an expert in the field. Indexes for both subjects and organisms are provided.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt and malt liquors, wines and potable spirits, neutral alcohol derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and pulp testing, aliphatic acids.- II. Fixed oils, fats and waxes, special characters and methods, butter fat, lard,linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerin, wool-fat, cloth oils, sterol alcohols.- III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthale and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid, and its allies, phthalic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives.- IV. Special characters of essential oils; resins, india-rubber, gutta percha, balata, and allied substances; the constituents of essential oils, and allied substances; the general characters and analysis of essential oils.- V. Tannins, writing inks, stamping, typing and marking inks, printing inks, amines and ammonium bases, analysis of leather, colouring matters of natural origin, colouring substances in foods, benzene and its homoloues, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases.-

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt liquors and malt, wines and spirits, neutral alcoholic derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and paper-making materials, vegetable acids.--II. Fixed oils, fats and waxes; special characters and methods, butter fat, lard, linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerol, cholesterols, wool-fat, cloth oils.--III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthalene and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid and its allies, phthalic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives.--IV. Resins, india-rubber, rubber substitutes and gutta-percha, hydrocarbons of essential oils, ketones of essential oils, volatile or essential oils, special characters of essential oils, tables of essential oils.--V. Tannins, analysis of leather, dyes and colouring matters, dyestuffs of groups 6 to 12, colouring matters of natural origin, analysis of colouring matters, colouring matters in foods, inks.--VI. Amines and ammonium bases, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases, vegetable alkaloids, volatile bases of vegetable origin, nicotine and tobacco, aconite alkaloids, atropine and its allies, cocaine, opium, strychnos alkaloids, cinchona alkaloids, berberine, caffeine, tea and coffee, cocoa and chocolate.--VII. Vegetable alkaloids, glucosides, non-glucosidal bitter principles, animal bases, animal acids, lactic acid, cyanogen and its derivatives.--VIII. Enzymes, proteins and albuminoid substances, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, hæmoglobin and blood, proteoids, fibroids.--IX. Supplement, index to series.

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt liquors and malt, wines and spirits, neutral alcoholic derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and paper-making materials, vegetable acids.--II. Fixed oils, fats

• and waxes; special characters and methods, butter fat, lard, linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerol, cholesterols, woolfat, cloth oils.--III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthalene and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid and its allies, phtholic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives.--IV. Reins, india-rubber, rubber substitutes and gutta-percha, hydrocarbons of essential oils, ketones of essential oils, volatile or essential oils, special characters of essential oils, table of esential oil.--V. Tannins, analysis of leather, dyes and colouring matters, dyestuffs of groups 6 to 12, colouring matters of natural origin, analysis of coulouring matters, colouring matters in foods, inks.--VI. Amines and ammonium bases, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases, vegetable alkaloids, volatile bases of vegetable origin, nicotine and tobacco, aconite alkaloids, atropine and its allies, cocaine, opium, strychnos alkaloids, cinchona alkaloids, berberine, caffeine, tea and coffee, cocoa and chocolate.--VII. Vegetable alkaloids, glucosides, non-glucocidal bitter principles, animal bases, animal acids, lactic acid, cyanogen and its derivatives.--VIII. Enzymes, proteins and albuminoid substances, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, haemoglobin and blood, proteoids, fibroids.--IX. Supplement, index to series.

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt liquors and malt, wines and spirits, neutral alcoholic derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and paper-making materials, vegetable acids
• II. Fixed oils, fats and waxes; special characters and methods, butter fat, lard, linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerol, cholesterols, wool-fat, cloth oils
• III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthalene and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid and its allies, phthalic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives
• Iv. Resins, india-rubber, rubber substitutes and gutta-percha, hydrocarbons of essential oils, ketones of essential oils, volatile or essential oils, special characters of essential oils, tables of essential oils
• v. Tannins, analysis of leather, dyes and colouring matters, dyestuffs of groups 6 to 12, colouring matters of natural origin, analysis of colouring matters, colouring matters in foods, inks
• VI. Amines and ammonium bases, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases, vegetable alkaloids, volatile bases of vegetable origin, nicotine and tobacco, aconite alkaloids, atropine and its allies, cocaine, opium, strychnos alkaloids, cinchona alkaloids, berberine, caffeine, tea and coffee, cocoa and chocolate
• VII. Vegetable alkaloids, glucosides, non-glucosidal bitter principles, animal bases, animal acids, lactic acid, cyanogen and its derivatives
• VIII. Enzymes, proteins and albuminoid substances, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, hæmoglobin and blood, proteoids, fibroids
• IX. Supplement, index to series.

• I. Principles of NMR Spectroscopy
• I.1. The Magnetic Resonance Phenomenon
• I.2. Chemical Shifts
• I.3. Spin Coupling Constants
• I.4. Intensities
• II. Some Basic Concepts
• II. 1. Groups of Equivalent Spins
• II. 2. Time Averaging Phenomena
• II. 3. The Energy Level and Transition Diagram
• II. 4. Strong and Weak Coupling. Nomenclature
• II. 5. Invariants in NMR Spectra
• III. Miscellaneous Aids for Spectral Assignment
• III. 1. The Need for Additional Information
• III. 2. The Effects of a Strong Stimulating Field
• III. 3. Controlled Variations of the Larmor Frequencies
• III. 4. Double Resonance Methods
• IV. Instant Analysis of NMR Spectra
• IV. 1. Simple First Order Spectra
• IV. 2. The Two-Spin System AB
• IV. 3. Deceptive Simplicity
• IV. 4. The Three-Spin System ABX
• IV. 5. Generalization of the ABX Analysis Method: ABPX, ABX n etc
• IV. 6. Magnetic Equivalence and Composite Particles
• IV. 7. Spectra Characterized by One Spin-coupling Constant: AnBm
• IV. 8. The Structure of AnBmXp Spectra
• IV. 9. The Symmetrical Four-Spin Systems AA'XX' and AA'BB'
• V. Quantum Mechanical Formalism
• V. 1. Introduction to the Quantum Mechanical Description of Spin Systems
• V.2. Quantum Mechanical Calculation of NMR Spectra
• V. 3. Iterative and Least Squares Fit Procedures
• VI. Historical Notes and Suggestions for Further Reading
• Appendix A: Sign Ambiguities in ABPX Spectra
• References.

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, which has evolved only within the last 20 years, has become one of the very important tools in chemistry and physics. The literature on its theory and application has grown immensely and a comprehensive and adequate treatment of all branches by one author, or even by several, becomes increasingly difficult. This series is planned to present articles written by experts working in various fields of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and will contain review articles as well as progress reports and original work. Its main aim, however, is to fill a gap, existing in literature, by publishing articles written by specialists, which take the reader from the introductory stage to the latest development in the field. The editors are grateful to the authors for the time and effort spent in writing the articles, and for their invaluable cooperation. The Editors Analysis of NMR Spectra A Guide for Chemists R.A. HOFFMAN t S. FORSEN Division of Physical Chemistry, Chemical Center, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund, Sweden B. GESTBLOM Institute of Physics, University of Uppsala, Sweden Contents I. Principles of NMR Spectroscopy 4 1. 1. The Magnetic Resonance Phenomenon 4 a) Nuclear Moments. ... 4 b) Magnetic Spin States and Energy Levels 5 c) The Magnetic Resonance Condition. 7 d) The Larmor Precession. . 7 e) Experimental Aspects ... 8 1. 2. Chemical Shifts ... 9 a) The Screening Constant 11. . . 9 b) Chemical Shift Scales (11 and r) 10 1. 3. Spin Coupling Constants 12 1. 4. Intensities. ...

• From the contents: P. Vaag: The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) in the Beverage Industries: Principles and Practice
• T. Tsuda: Carboxylic Acids in Soft Drinks
• E. Cohen, I. Saguy: Spectral Characteristics of Citrus Products
• L.W. Doner: Stable Carbon Isotope Ratios for Detecting Added Sugars in Orange and Apple Juices and Added Citric Acid in Lemon Juices
• L.P. Valenti: Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Quinine, Hydroquinine, Saccharine and Sodium Benzoate in Quinine Beverages
• T. Shibamoto: Formaldehyde in Coffee
• T. Suzuki, G.R. Waller: Metabolism and Analysis of Caffeine and Other Methylxanthines in Coffee, Tea, Cola, Guarana and Cacao
• G. Ziegleder, B. Biehl: Analysis of Cocoa Flavour Components and Flavour Precursors.

All relevant techniques in the analysis of nonalcoholic beverages are described in detail.

• 1 Nomenclature and biosynthesis of sterols and related compounds
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 IUPAC-IUB recommended nomenclature for steroids and triterpenoids
• 1.3 The biosynthesis of sterols and triterpenes
• 2 Extraction of sterols from tissues
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Extraction methods
• 2.3 Separation of sterols from extracted lipids
• 2.4 Examples of the extraction of sterols
• References
• 3 Initial separation methods
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Digitonin precipitation of sterols
• 3.3 Separation of free sterols and steryl conjugates from a total lipid by adsorption column chromatography
• 3.4 Thin-layer chromatography
• 3.5 The use of mini-columns for the preliminary separation of sterol fractions
• 3.6 Hydrolysis of steryl conjugates
• 3.7 Silver nitrate or argentation chromatography
• 3.8 Autoxidation and isomerization of sterols
• References
• 4 High-performance liquid chromatography of sterols
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Normal- and reversed-phase HPLC
• 4.3 HPLC detectors
• 4.4 HPLC of sterol derivatives
• 4.5 Influence of column temperature on sterol separation by HPLC
• 4.6 Retention data of sterols on HPLC
• 4.7 Sterol separation factors on HPLC
• 4.8 Differentiation of C-24 epimers of 24-alkylsterols on reversed-phase HPLC
• References
• 5 Gas-liquid chromatography of sterols
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Packed columns and the stationary phase
• 5.3 Capillary columns
• 5.4 Sample injection and detection
• 5.5 Derivatization of sterols
• 5.6 Preparative GC
• 5.7 Retention time data
• 5.8 Separation factors
• 5.9 GC of the C-24 epimers of 24-alkylsterols
• 5.10 GC of steryl conjugates
• References
• 6 Infrared and ultraviolet spectroscopy of sterols
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Infrared spectroscopy
• 6.3 Ultraviolet spectroscopy
• References
• 7 Mass spectrometry of sterols
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 Sample ionization
• 7.3 Derivatives used for mass spectrometry of sterols
• 7.4 Mass-spectral fragmentations of the sterol rings
• 7.5 Mass-spectral fragmentations of the sterol side chain
• 7.6 Mass spectra of tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpene alcohols
• 7.7 Mass spectrometry of steryl conjugates
• References
• 8 1H NMR spectroscopy of sterols
• 8.1 Introduction
• 8.2 Methyl signals
• 8.3 Methine and olefinic protons
• 8.4 Quantitative estimation of C-24 epimeric 24-alkylsterol mixtures
• 8.5 Aromatic solvent induced shifts (ASIS)
• 8.6 Lanthanide-induced shifts (LIS)
• References
• 9 13C NMR spectroscopy of sterols
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Methods for signal assignments
• 9.3 13C Chemical shift data of sterols and triterpene alcohols
• References
• 10 One-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy of sterols
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 ID NMR spectroscopy
• 10.3 2D NMR spectroscopy
• 10.4 Connectivity diagrams for use with 2D NMR data
• 10.5 Generalized 1D and 2D strategies for sterols and related compounds
• 10.6 Complete assignments of 1H NMR spectra of sterols
• References
• 11 X-ray crystallography of sterols
• References
• 12 Sources of sterols
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 4-Desmethylsterols
• 12.3 Large-scale purification of 4-desmethylsterols
• 12.4 Sterols with methyl groups at C-4 and/or C-14
• 12.5 Tetracyclic triterpene alcohols
• 12.6 Pentacyclic triterpene alcohols and ketones
• 12.7 The use of inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis to produce specific sterols
• 12.8 Sources of sterols and tetra- and pentacyclic triterpenes
• References
• Appendix 1 The trivial names of sterols
• Appendix 2 Structures of pentacyclic triterpenes
• Appendix 3 Physical data of selected sterols and triterpenes
• Appendix 4 The quantification of sterols.

This volume presents an authoritative guide to the extraction, isolation and analysis of sterols from fungi, algae, plants, marine organisms and animals. Beginning with an explanation of nomenclature and biosynthesis of sterols, the book then covers extraction from tissues and initial separation methods. Subsequent chapters give details of the various chromatographic, spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques which can be applied to the analysis of sterols. The book sends with an extensive appendix in which chromatographic and spectral data for a range of representative sterol structures are presented. Written by two well known workers in the foield, this volume will prove to be an invaluable resource to both academic and industrial analytical chemists and biochemists involved in the investigation of sterols.

• 1. Estimation of Physical Properties and Composition of Hydrocarbon Mixtures
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Pure Hydrocarbons
• 2.1 Generalized Correlations for Physical Properties
• 2.2 Properties of Heavy Hydrocarbons
• 3 Properties of Petroleum Fractions
• 4. Composition of Petroleum Fractions
• 4.1 Characterization Parameters for Molecular Type
• 4.2 Development of Predictive Methods
• 4.3 Prediction of Sulfur Content and Carbon Residue
• 5. Summary
• 6. Nomenclature
• 7. References
• 2. Advances in Elemental Analysis of Hydrocarbon Products
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
• 2.1 Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS)
• 3. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICPAES)
• 4. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP/MS)
• 5. Overview of Atomic Spectroscopic Methods
• 6. Ion Chromatography (IC)
• 7. Microelemental Analysis
• 8. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA)
• 8.1 Radiochemical NAA
• 9. X-ray Fluorescence (XRF)
• 10. Analysis of Used Oils
• 11. Sulfur
• 12. Concluding Remarks
• 13. References
• 3. Selective Detection of Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds in Low Boiling Petroleum Streams by Gas Chromatography
• 1. Background
• 2. Sulfur Compounds in Light Streams
• 2.1 Instrumentation
• 2.2 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detection System
• 2.3 Gas Chromatography
• 2.4 Identification of Sulfur Compounds
• 2.5 Quantitation of Sulfur Compounds
• 3. Nitrogen Compounds in Light Streams
• 3.1 Instrumentation
• 3.2 Principle of Nitrogen Chemiluminescence Detection
• 3.3 Gas Chromatography
• 3.4 Quantitation of Nitrogen Compounds
• 4. Future Work
• 5. References
• 4. Molecular Characterization of Petroleum and Its Fractions by Mass Spectrometry
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Low ResolutionlHigh Ionizing Voltage Mass Spectrometric Analysis
• 3. High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
• 4. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
• 5. Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS)
• 6. Future Trends
• 7. References
• 5. Thin-Layer Chromatography for Hydrocarbon Characterization in Petroleum Middle Distillates
• 1. Analysis of Petroleum Middle Distillates
• 2. Introduction to Modem Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC)
• 2.1 Advantages of TLC for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures
• 2.2 Previous Research Done on TLC of Petroleum Products
• 3. Materials, Methods and TLC Systems Used in this Research
• 3.1 Samples Analyzed
• 3.2 Stationary Phases
• 3.3 Preparation of Berberine-Impregnated Silica Gel Plates
• 3.4 Application of Samples
• 3.4.1 Automatic Sample Spotter
• 3.4.2 Band-sprayer Sample Applicator
• 3.5 Elution of Samples
• 3.5.1 Conventional Vertical Elution
• 3.5.2 Horizontal Developing Chamber
• 3.6 Detection by Densitometry
• 3.7 TLC Systems Used
• 3.7.1 Conventional TLC System
• 3.7.2 High-Efficiency TLC System
• 3.8 Quantification
• 3.8.1 Preparative TLC
• 3.9 Validation of Results
• 4. Application of TLC to Characterization of Middle Distillates
• 4.1 Phenomenon of Fluorescence Induced by Berberine in TLC
• 4.2 HTA of Middle Distillates Using Conventional TLC System
• 4.3 HTA of Gas Oils Using High-Efficiency TLC System
• 5. Conclusions and Future Trends
• 6. Acknowledgements
• 7. References
• 6. Chromatographic Analysis of Fuels
• 1. Analysis of Naphthasl Motor Gasolines by Gas Chromatography
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Classification of GC Methods for Naphtha Analysis
• 1.3 Terminology
• 1.4 Single Capillary Methods
• 1.5 "Pressurized" Naphtha Samples
• 1.6 Multidimensional Methods
• 1.7 Combination of Micropackedl/Packed PIONA and Single Capillary Column Analyses
• 1.8 Capillary Column Multidimensional Systems
• 1.9 Comprehensive Two-dimensional GC (2D-GC)
• 1.10 Other GC Methods for Blended Gasoline Analysis
• 2. Analyses of Naphtha, Motor Gasolines, Jet Fuels, Diesel Fuels and Higher Petroleum Fractions by Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) and Liquid Chromatography (LC)
• 2.1 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (gasolines, jet fuels and diesel fuels)
• 2.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Higher Boiling Petroleum Fractions (Lube FeedslProducts, Vacuum Gas Oils)
• 2.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for Lower Boiling Petroleum Fractions (Jet Fuels, Diesels)
• 2.4 Characterization of High Boiling Petroleum Fractions by Thin Layer Chromatography with FlO Detection (TLC-FID)
• 3. References
• 7. Temperature-Programmed Retention Indices for GC and GC-MS of Hydrocarbon Fuels and Simulated Distillation GC of Heavy Oils
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Experimental
• 2.1 Reagents and Fuels
• 2.2 Retention Index
• 2.3 Chromatographic Separation of Distillate Fuels
• 2.4 Solvent Extraction of Petroleum Resids
• 2.5 High-temperature Simulated Distillation GC
• 2.6 Quantitative Calculations from SimDis GC Data
• 2.7 Hydroprocessing of Resids
• 3. Results and Discussion
• 3.1 GC and GC-MS of Distillate Fuels
• 3.1.1 Retention Index of Model Compounds
• 3.1.2 Temperature Dependence of Retention Index
• 3.1.3 Dependence of Retention Index on Polarity of GC Column
• 3.1.4 Characterization of JP-8 Jet Fuels Using RI
• 3.1.5 Potential Applications of Temperature-Programmed RI
• 3.2 SimDis GC and GC-MS of Middle Distillate Fuels
• 3.3 High-Temperature SimDis GC for Petroleum Resids
• 3.3.1 High-Temperature SimDis GC Method
• 3.3.2 HT-SimDis GC Analysis of Resids
• 3.3.3 Analysis of Upgraded Products
• 4. Conclusions
• 5. Acknowledgements
• 6. References
• 8. Mass Spectrometric Analyses for Elemental Sulfur and Sulfur Compounds in Petroleum Products and Crude Oils
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Analysis for Elemental Sulfur by Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry
• 3. Analysis of Thiophenic Compounds in Petroleum Streams by Mass Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry
• 4. Monitoring Thioaromatics in Refinery Processes
• 5. Monitoring Reaction Products of Elemental Sulfur with Hydrocarbons
• 6. Summary
• 7. References
• 9. Biomarker Analysis in Petroleum Exploration
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Biological Markers in Oils
• 3. Biomarker Analysis by GC and GC-MS
• 4. GC-MS-MS Analysis of Steranes
• 5. Principal Component Analysis of GC-MS and GC-MS-MS Data
• 6. Future Prospectives
• 7. References
• 10. Applications of Light Hydrocarbon Molecular and Isotopic Compositions in Oil and Gas Exploration
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Methods of Analysis
• 2.1 Gas Chromatography of Light Hydrocarbons (C2-C9+)
• 2.2 C6-C7 Chromatographic Separations
• 2.3 Compound Specific Isotopic Analysis (CSIA)
• 3. Applications of Light Hydrocarbons to Petroleum Systems Analysis
• 3.1 Thermal Maturity
• 3.2 Oil-eondensate Correlations
• 3.3 Thermochemical Sulfate Reduction (TSR)
• 4. Future Directions
• 5. Acknowledgements
• 6. References
• 11. Coupling MassSpectrometry with Liquid Chromatography for Hydrocarbon Research
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Mass Spectrometry Review
• 3. LC-MS Interfaces
• 3.1 Moving Belt (MB) Interface
• 3.2 Thermospray (TSP)
• 3.3 Electrospray (ESP)
• 3.4 Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI)
• 4. Homologous Z-Series for Elemental Composition Determination
• 5. LC-MS for Petroleum Fractions
• 5.1 Saturates
• 5.2 Aromatics
• 5.3 Polars
• 5.4 Resids
• 6. Future Trends
• 7. References
• 12. Advanced Molecular Characterization by Mass Spectrometry: Applications for Petroleum and Petrochemicals
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Application Areas
• 3. Crude Assays
• 3.1 Unseparated Fractions
• 3.2 Whole Crude Oils
• 3.3 Saturated Hydrocarbon Fractions
• 3.4 Aromatic Hydrocarbon Fractions
• 3.5 Olefins
• 4. Corrosion
• 4.1 Sulfur Compound Types
• 4.2 Organic Acids
• 4.3 Nitrogen Compounds
• 5. Additives and Contaminants
• 6. Asphalts and Non-Boiling Fractions
• 7. Polymers and Residues
• 8. Conclusion and Future Challenges
• 9. References
• 13.

• Chromatographic Separation and Atmospheric Pressure IonizationlMass Spectrometric Analysis of Nitrogen, Sulfur and Oxygen Containing Compounds in Crude Oils
• 1. NSO Compounds in Crude Oil
• 2. General Separation Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products
• 2.1 Distillation
• 2.2 Adsorption Chromatography
• 2.3 High Performance Liquid Chromatography
• 2.4 Mass Spectrometry
• 3. Methods for NSO Compounds
• 3.1 Separation of Acids
• 3.2 Atmospheric Pressure IonizationlMass Spectrometry of Naphthenic Acids
• 3.3 Separation of Nitrogen and Oxygen Compounds
• 3.4 Atmospheric Pressure IonizationlMass Spectrometry of Nitrogen-containing Compounds
• 3.5 Separation of Organosulfur Compounds
• 3.6 Atmospheric Pressure IonizationlMass Spectrometry of Organosulfur Compounds
• 4. Acknowledgements
• 5. References
• 14. Characterization of Heavy Oils and Heavy Ends
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Heavy OilslHeavy Ends Separation and Characterization Schemes
• 2.1 Chemical Methods
• 2.1 Hyphenated Techniques
• 2.3 Selective/Specific Element Detection
• 2.4 Fraction Separation
• 2.5 Mathematical Algorithms
• 2.6 Other Characterization Schemes for HC, XHC and Heavy Ends
• 3. Illustrative Examples on the Characterization of HC. XHC and Heavy Ends
• 3.1 SARA Group-type Analysis
• 3.2 Studies on XHC and Isolated ABAN Fractions. One Application of Average Molecular Representations
• 3.3 Estimation of Crude Oil and Heavy Ends Quality Parameters Using Neural Network Algorithms
• 4. Conclusions
• 5. Acknowledgements
• 6. Glossary of Frequent Referred Terms
• 7. References
• 15. Advances in NMR Techniques for Hydrocarbon Characterization
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Discussion
• 2.1 Availability of Higher Magnetic Field Strengths Provides Increased Sensitivity and Resolution
• 2.2 Improvements in Sensitivity form Higher Magnetic Fields and New Probe Designs Facilitate Further Development of On-line Coupling with Separation Techniques
• 2.3"Chromatography in a NMR Tube":
• Spectral Editing with Pulsed Field Gradient (PFG) Techniques Improves Analysis of Hydrocarbon Mixture.

Determining the composition and properties of complex hydrocarbon mixtures in petroleum, synthetic fuels, and petrochemical products usually requires a battery of analytical techniques that detect and measure specific features of the molecules, such as boiling point, mass, nuclear magnetic resonance frequencies, etc. there have always been a need for new and improved analytical technology to better understand hydrocarbon chemistry and processes. This book provides an overview of recent advances and future challenges in modern analytical techniques that are commonly used in hydrocarbon applications. Experts in each of the areas covered have reviewed the state of the art, thus creating a book that will be useful to readers at all levels in academic, industry, and research institutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction - bioactive compounds and elements in human nutrition
• 2. Application of liquid chromatography for the analysis of flavonoids in food - an overview
• 3. Phenolic compounds in coffee and tea beverages
• 4. Methylxanthines in food products
• 5. Carotenoids as food products components and health promoting agents
• 6. Tocochromanols
• 7. Cyclitols - determination in food and bioactivity in the human organism
• 8. Capsaicinoids - properties and mechanisms of pro-health action
• 9. Dietary indoleamines: bioavailability and human health
• 10. Bioactive peptides analysis
• 11. Determination of antioxidant biomarkers in biological fluids
• 12. Speciation analysis of food products
• 13. Two sides of selenium. Occurrence and determination of selenium forms in food and environmental samples using analytical methods.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Most bioactive compounds have antioxidant activity, particularly tocochromanols, phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), methylxantines and capsaicinoids. Some of these compounds have also other properties important for human health. For example, vitamin E protects against oxidative stress, but it is also known for its "non-antioxidant" functions, including cell signalling and antiproliferation. Selenium compounds and indoleamins are the components of the antioxidant enzymes. Selenium makes vitamin E acquisition easier and controls its physiological functions. In taking part in enzymatic reactions and protecting the cell against free radicals, selenium shows immunomodulative, antiphlogistic, and antiviral activity. Capsaicinoids possess not only antioxidant, but also antibacterial, analgesic, weight-reducing and thermoregulation properties. Studies have also demonstrated their gastroprotective and anticancer properties. Analytical Methods in the Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Elements in Food explores both the influence of particular compounds on human health and the methods used for their determination. Chapters describe various aspects of food and plant analysis, including chromatographic and non-chromatographic approaches as well as hyphenated techniques. Readers of this book will gain a comprehensive understanding of the important groups of bioactive compounds relevant to human health.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)