%{search_type} search results

"The Nobel Prize is science's highest award, as is the case with non-science fields too, and it is therefore arguably the most internationally recognized award in the world. This unique set of volumes focuses on summarizing the Nobel Prize within organic chemistry, as well as the specializations within this specialty. Any reader researching the history of the field of organic chemistry will be interested in this work. Furthermore, it serves as an outstanding resource for providing a better understanding of the circumstances that led to these amazing discoveries and what has happened as a result, in the years since"-- Provided by publisher.

Strategies and Solutions to Advanced Organic Reaction Mechanisms: A New Perspective on McKillop's Problems builds upon Alexander (Sandy) McKillop's popular text, Solutions to McKillop's Advanced Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms, providing a unified methodological approach to dealing with problems of organic reaction mechanism. This unique book outlines the logic, experimental insight and problem-solving strategy approaches available when dealing with problems of organic reaction mechanism. These valuable methods emphasize a structured and widely applicable approach relevant for both students and experts in the field. By using the methods described, advanced students and researchers alike will be able to tackle problems in organic reaction mechanism, from the simple and straight forward to the advanced

• Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students pursuing courses in chemistry and allied fields. It includes fundamental concepts, equations involved in organic reactions, chemical bonds (ionic and covalent bonds), hybridization, representation of a chemical reaction and mechanism of organic reactions. The book also discusses the displacement of bonding electrons involving inductive effect, electromeric effect, mesomeric effect, hyperconjugative effect and resonance. A number of organic reactions involving formation of intermediates such as carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, nitrenes and benzynes have also been included. It also discusses different types of reagents involved in a chemical reactions along with types of additional reactions and its detailed mechanism. The book also includes the use of pedagogical elements such as multiple choice questions and end of chapter exercises to aid self-learning among students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry
• chapter 2 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
• chapter 3 Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry
• chapter 4 Green Organic Reactions "on Water"
• chapter 5 Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water
• chapter 6 Green "Solventless" Organic Reactions
• chapter 7 Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State
• chapter 8 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Introduction to Sustainability
• chapter 9 Chemical Industry and Its Greening An Overview of Metrics
• chapter 10 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry
• chapter 11 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry
• chapter 12 Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry
• chapter 13 Greening Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiments

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments.The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such asEngineeringThe chemical industryThe pharmaceutical industryAnalytical chemistryEnvironmental chemistryEach chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included.By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.--Provided by publisher

• part 1. Biological medicine
• part 2. Biological materials
• part 3. Biological science

• Symmetry and Molecular Chirality. Conformation, Stability, and Physical Properties.- Configurational Nomenclature. Physical Properties of Geometrical Isomers.- Projection (Fischer, Newman, Sawhorse) and Perspective (Flying Wedge and Zigzag) Formulas, Working out Stereoisomers.- Prochirality and Prostereoisomerism. Topicity of Ligands and Faces Nomenclature [1-5].- Asymmetric Synthesis.- Some Other Aspects of Dynamic Stereochemistry: Conformation and Reactivity.- Conformation of Saturated Six-Membered Ring Compounds.- Cyclohexanone.- Fused Ring Systems.- Stereoisomerism: Axial Chirality, Planar Chirality, (R, S) Notations Helicity.- Chiroptical Properties I: Optical Rotation. ORD, CD [1-4].- Chiroptical Properties II: Helicity Rule or Chirality Rule.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book discusses essential stereochemical concepts associated with organic molecules (natural or synthetic), as reflected in the course of their many reactions, their mechanisms, their asymmetric synthesis, biosynthesis, and biological activities. This treatise provides useful insights and understanding of the chiral/achiral designations (nomenclatures), the stereochemical features, and related properties of the natural and synthetic products. Without having an adequate knowledge of stereochemical concepts, it will not be possible to understand and appreciate the stereochemistry of natural or synthetic products. Thus, essential static and dynamic aspects of stereochemistry with sufficient illustrative examples along with discussions are presented. The structure of the monograph allows for easy selection of separate topics for reading and teaching. This book will also provide an idea of basic stereochemical concepts, as applied to organic molecules in general as well as to organic ligands in coordination complexes, and will, therefore, be valuable resources to teachers and students of advanced undergraduates and post-graduates, researchers, and professionals.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Note continued: Study Problems
• Why We Synthesize Organic Compounds
• Synthetic Challenges: Total Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Semisynthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Biomimetic Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Structural Revision or Confirmation
• Synthetic Challenges: Formal Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Resolution of Enantiomers to Obtain Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Pool Compounds for Synthesis of Optically Pure Natural Products
• Use of Chiral Reagents for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Substrate Control for Stereoselective Synthesis
• Use of Chiral Auxiliaries for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Catalysis for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Enzymes for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds: Biocatalysis
• Some Final Thoughts
• Study Problems.

• Machine generated contents note: The Unique Role of Carbon
• Distinguishing Primary Versus Secondary Metabolism
• Secondary Metabolites and Natural Products
• Natural Products in Organic Chemistry and Medicine
• The Organic Chemistry of Biosynthesis
• Goals and Structure of This Book
• Review of Functional Groups, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis
• Prochiral Relationships: One Step from Chirality
• Prochiral it-Systems: "Two-Faced" Reaction Centers
• Diastereotopic Atoms and Groups: One Step from a Diasteroeomer
• Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes: Favoring Equatorial Positions
• Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: Equivalent and Nonequivalent Combinations
• Bicyclic Systems: Joining of Rings
• Heterocyclic Ring Systems: One Atom Makes All the Difference
• Bond Making and Breaking: Have Pair, Will Share; Need Two from You
• Bronsted Acid-Base Reactions: Proton Donors Gladly Accepted
• Acidity Trends: Why that Proton Is or Isn't Acidic
• Carbocations: Three Bonds to Carbon Can Be a Plus
• Radicals: Odd and Reactive
• Elimination Reactions: Introducing the Carbon-Carbon n-Bond
• Carbocations: Rearrangements and Fates
• Electrophilic Additions: n-Bonds as Nucleophilic Agents
• Nucleophilic Substitutions and Alkylations: Make or Break for C-X Bonds
• Nucleophilic Carbonyl Addition Reactions: C=O n-Bond under Attack
• Imine Formation: Making the Essential C=N Linkage
• Nucleophilic 1,4-(Conjugate) Addition Reactions: Remote Attack on Conjugated Carbonyls
• Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions: Turning One Acyl Compound into Another
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Enzymes: The Catalysts of Biological Organic Chemistry
• Cofactors: Enzyme Assistants in Bioorganic Reactions
• NADH/NADPH: Nature's Version of Sodium Borohydride for Carbonyl Reduction
• NAD+/NADP+: Nature's Version of PCC for Alcohol Oxidation
• FAD: Another Hydride Acceptor for Dehydrogenations
• Monooxygenases: Special Delivery of One 0 atom from 02
• Dioxygenases: Delivering Both 0 Atoms from 02
• Other Oxidations: Hydroquinone and Catechol Oxidations
• Amine Oxidations: From Imines to Carbonyl Compounds and Beyond
• PLP: Transamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids
• Other Important Decarboxylations: 13-Keto Acids, o- and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acids
• Thiamine Diphosphate (TPP) and Lipoic Acid: Decarboxylation and Acyl Transfer
• Biotin: The CO2 Carrier, Transport, and Transfer Agent
• SAM: A C1 Fragment for Methyl Groups
• DMAPP: An Allylic C, Fragment for Structure Building
• Other Essential Structural Fragments: Putting it All Together
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Makes a Carbohydrate?
• Cyclic Hemiacetals and Anomers
• C-2 Epimers and Enediols[--]Simple Conversion of One Carbohydrate into Another
• Other Important Monosaccharides: Deoxy and Amino Sugars
• The Significance of the Anomeric Carbon: Glycoside Formation
• UDP-Sugars and Glycoside Formation: SN2 Chemistry at Work
• Organic Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Overview of Glucose Metabolism
• Glycolysis: A 10-Step Program
• What Happens to the Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis
• The Citric Acid Cycle: Another 10-Step Program
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Seven Alternative Steps to Some Familiar Intermediates
• The Big Picture
• Amino Acids: More Important Primary Metabolite Building Blocks for Biosynthesis
• Biosynthesis of Serine: A Good Place to Start
• Peptides and Proteins: A Very Brief Review
• Putting Proteins and Carbohydrates Together: Glycoproteins Versus Protein Glycosylation
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Classification of Terpenes: How Many Isoprene Units?
• The Mevalonic Acid Route to DMAPP and IPP
• The Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Route to IPP and DMAPP
• Hemiterpenes: Just One Isoprene Unit
• Monoterpenes (C10) and Isoprene Linkage: Heads, IPP Wins; Tails, DMAPP Loses
• Geranyl PP to Neryl PP via Linalyl PP: The Importance of Alkene Stereochemistry
• Some Acyclic Monoterpenes and Their Uses
• Mono- and Bicyclic Monoterpenes via Cationic Cyclizations and Wagner-Meerwein Shifts
• What's that Smell? Limonene Derivatives as Flavor and Fragrance Compounds
• Irregular Monoterpenes: If Not Head-to-Tail, then How?
• Iridoids: From Catnip to Alkaloids
• Sesquiterpenes (C15): Linking of Different Starter Units
• Some FPP Cyclizations in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis
• Trichodiene and the Trichothecenes: How to Trace a Rearrangement Pathway
• Diterpenes (C20): Taking it to the Next Level of Molecular Complexity and Diversity
• Cyclic Diterpenes: From Baseball and Plant Hormones to Anticancer Drugs
• Sesterterpenes (C25): Less Common, More Complex
• Triterpenes and Steroids: Another Case of Irregular Linkage of Terpene Units
• Oxidosqualene and Steroid Biosynthesis: Cyclization to Lanosterol and Beyond
• Conversion of Lanosterol (C30) to Cholesterol (C27): Where Did the Carbons Go?
• Conversions of Cholesterol: Production of the Sex Hormones
• Dehydrocholesterol, Sunshine, and Vitamin D3 Biosynthesis
• Tetraterpenes and Carotenoids: Tail-to-Tail Linkage of C20 Units
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Fatty Acids: Multiples of Two Carbons, Saturated or Unsaturated
• Saturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: It All Starts with Acetyl-CoA
• Branched Fatty Acids: Different Routes and Different Results
• Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Putting in the "Essential" Double Bonds
• Aerobic Versus Anaerobic Routes to Desaturation
• Further Desaturation of Fatty Acids: Triple Bonds and Rings
• Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes: The Power of Oxygenated FAs
• Polyketide Biosynthesis: More Starter Units and Extender Units, but with a Twist
• Aromatic Polyketide Natural Products: Phenols and Related Structures
• Isotopic Labeling Studies: Biosynthetic Insights via 13C NMR
• Further Modification of Polyketides: Alkylations, Oxidations, Reductions, and Decarboxylations
• Other Oxidative Modifications of Aromatic Rings: Expansion or Cleavage Processes
• Oxidative Coupling of Phenols: Formation of Aryl-Aryl Bonds
• The Use of Other Starter Groups: From Cancer Drugs and Antibiotics to Poison Ivy
• More on Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Systems: Increasing Product Diversity
• Modular Type I PKS Complexes and Macrolide Antibiotics: Erythromycin Biosynthesis
• Genetic Manipulation of Modular PKS Systems: Rational Drug Modification
• Some Final PKS Products of Medicinal Importance
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Is Shikimic Acid?
• Shikimic, Chorismic, and Prephenic Acids at the Heart of the Pathway
• The Claisen Rearrangement: Allyl Vinyl Ethers in a Chair
• Conversion of Chorismic Acid to Prephenic Acid
• Conversion of Prephenic Acid to Phenylalanine or Tyrosine
• More Uses for Chorismic Acid
• Shikimic Acid Pathway Products from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine: An Overview
• Phenylpropanoids: A Large Family of Phenyl C3 Compounds
• Phenylpropanoids: Reduction of Acids to Phenyl C3 Aldehydes and Alcohols
• Reduction of Phenyl C3 Alcohols to Phenylpropenes
• Lignans and Lignin: Oxidative Phenolic Coupling with a Twist
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Allyl C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Ortho C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: O-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Lignin: A Plant Polymer and Major Source of Carbon
• Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis: Aryltetralin Lignans from the American Mayapple
• Cleavage of Cinnamic Acids to Phenyl Cl Compounds: Different Routes, Similar Outcomes
• Coumarins: Sweet-Smelling Benzopyrones
• Mixed Products: Combining the Shikimate, Polyketide, and Terpenoid Pathways
• Kavalactones: Natural Sedatives from the South Pacific
• Flavonoids: Structurally Diverse Plant Polyphenolics
• The Chalcone-to-Flavanone-to-Flavone Sequence: Formation of Apigenin
• The Flavanone-to-Dihydroflavonol-to-Anthocyanin Sequence: Formation of Pelargonidin
• The Flavanone-to-Isoflavanone-to-Isoflavone Sequence: Formation of Genistein
• Isoflavanoid Structural Modifications: Production of Antimicrobial Phytoalexins
• Rotenoids: Fish Poisons from Isoflavones
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Alkaloid Structure: The Importance of N-Heterocycles
• Alkaloids Not Derived from Amino Acids: Amination Reactions, Poisons, and Venoms
• Amino Acids and Mannich Reactions: Important Keys to Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• Alkaloids from Ornithine: Tropanes via the Mannich Reaction in Action
• Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Poison Plants and Insect Defense
• Piperidine-Type Alkaloids Derived from Lysine
• Quinolizidine Alkaloids: Livestock Poisons from Cadaverine
• Alkaloids from Phenylalanine: From Neurotransmitters to Decongestants and Narcotics
• Alkaloids from Tyrosine: The Pictet-Spengler Reaction in Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• (S)-Reticuline: A Versatile Pictet-Spengler-Derived Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline
• Oxidative Coupling in Alkaloid Biosynthesis: Biosynthesis of Corytuberine and Morphine
• The Morphine Rule
• Alkaloids from Tryptophan: Adventures in Indole Alkaloid Structural Complexity
• Pictet-Spengler-Type Reactions of Tryptamine: p-Carbolines and Indole Terpene Alkaloids
• Alkaloids from Nicotinic Acid: Toxic Addictive Derivatives of a Common Nutrient
• Alkaloids from Anthranilic Acid: From Tryptophan to Quinolines and Acridines
• Alkaloids from Histidine: From Simple Amides to Glaucoma Drugs
• Purine Alkaloids: Addictive Stimulants in our Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate
• Cyclic and Macrocyclic Peptides: From Sweeteners to Antibiotics and Beyond
• Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenums: The Essential p-Lactam Antibiotics
• A Final Look Ahead.

Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Flash Point
• 2. Autoignition
• 3. Flammability Limit
• 4. Heat of Combustion
• 5. Polymer Flammability
• Problems
• Answers to Problems
• List of Symbols
• Appendix
• References
• Index

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Introducing High-Resolution NMR
• 3. Practical Aspects of High-Resolution NMR
• 4. One-Dimensional Techniques
• 5. Introducing Two-Dimensional and Pulsed Field Gradient NMR
• 6. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond I: Homonuclear Shift Correlation
• 7. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond II: Heteronuclear Shift Correlation
• 8. Separating Shifts and Couplings: J-Resolved and Pure Shift Spectroscopy
• 9. Correlations Through Space: The Nuclear Overhauser Effect
• 10. Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy
• 11. Protein-Ligand Screening by NMR
• 12. Experimental Methods
• 13. Structure Elucidation and Spectrum Assignment.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition describes the most important NMR spectroscopy techniques for the structure elucidation of organic molecules and the investigation of their behaviour in solution. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, research chemists and NMR facility managers, this thorough revision covers practical aspects of NMR techniques and instrumentation, data collection, and spectrum interpretation. It describes all major classes of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlations, the nuclear Overhauser effect, diffusion measurements, and techniques for studying protein-ligand interactions. A trusted authority on this critical expertise, High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is an essential resource for every chemist and NMR spectroscopist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword.- Introduction.- Retrosynthetic Analysis of compounds with one functional group.- Stereoisomers and stereoselective reactions - "Departure to the third dimension".- Disconnection by participation of two functional groups.- "Illogical" disconnections with participation of two groups.- Specific synthetic methodologies.- Retrosynthetic consideration of heterocyclic structures.- Retrosynthetic consideration of complex biologically active molecules.- Abbreviations and acronymes.- Subject index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book connects a retrosynthetic or disconnection approach with synthetic methods in the preparation of target molecules from simple, achiral ones to complex, chiral structures in the optically pure form. Retrosynthetic considerations and asymmetric syntheses are presented as closely related topics, often in the same chapter, underlining the importance of retrosynthetic consideration of target molecules neglecting stereochemistry and equipping readers to overcome the difficulties they may encounter in the planning and experimental implementation of asymmetric syntheses. This approach prepares students in advanced organic chemistry courses, and in particular young scientists working at academic and industrial laboratories, for independently solving synthetic problems and creating proposals for the synthesis of complex structures.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface / McIntosh, John
• Contents
• Part I: Fundamentals
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Simplest Organic Molecules {u2013} The Hydrocarbons
• 3. The Shapes of Organic Molecules {u2013} Stereochemistry
• 4. Reactions {u2013} Basic Principles (or Where, Why, What, How Fast, and How Far)
• 5. Reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes
• 6. More Stereochemistry and Another Reaction Type {u2013} Nucleophilic Substitution
• 7. Alcohols and Ethers, Amines, and Alkyl Halides. Introduction to Carbonyl Compounds (Aldehydes, Ketones)
• 8. More Carbonyl Chemistry {u2013} Acids and Their Derivatives
• 9. Aromatic Compounds {u2013} Benzene and Its Derivatives. Resonance as a Force Majeure
• 10. Organic Nitrogen Compounds {u2013} Amines and Amides
• 11. Introduction to Spectroscopy
• 12. Elimination Reactions
• Part II: The Naming of Organic Compounds
• 13. Introduction
• 14. Basic Principles
• 15. Alkenes, Alkynes, and Compounds With Rings
• 16. More Stereochemistry {u2013} The CIP System
• 17. Functional Groups
• 18. Aromatic Compounds
• Appendix: Answers to Problems From Part II
• Index

Written in a concise and student-friendly way, this textbook focuses on the underlying principles of organic chemistry and provides the tools for understanding the nature of organic reactions. The author utilizes an integrated approach for organic chemistry, uniting in a logical manner the main reaction types and their mechanisms, compound classes and their typical reactions, organic spectroscopy and principles of structure elucidation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Students' Attention on Curved Arrows While Evaluating the Plausibility of an Organic Mechanistic Step--Supporting Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Augmented Reality - An Explorative Interview Study--Representational Competence Under the Magnifying Glass - The Interplay Between Student Reasoning Skills, Conceptual Understanding, and the Nature of Representation--Fostering Causal Mechanistic Reasoning as a Means of Modelling in Organic Chemistry--Students' Reasoning in Chemistry Arguments and Designing Resources Using Constructive Alignment--From Free Association to Goal-directed Problem-solving - Network Analysis of Students' Use of Chemical Concepts in Mechanistic Reasoning--Epistemic Stances in Action - Students' Reasoning Process While Reflecting About Alternative Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry--How Do Students Reason When They Have to Describe the "What" and "Why" of a Given Reaction Mechanism?--In-the-moment Learning of Organic Chemistry During Interactive Lectures Through the Lens of Practical Epistemology Analysis--Flipped Classrooms in Organic Chemistry - A Closer Look at Student Reasoning Through Discourse Analysis of a Group Activity--Systemic Assessment Questions as a Means of Assessment in Organic Chemistry--Variations in the Teaching of Resonance - An Exploration of Organic Chemistry Instructors' Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge--Investigation of Students' Conceptual Understanding in Organic Chemistry Through Systemic Synthesis Questions--Disciplining Perception Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Embodied Actions--Building Bridges Between Tasks and Flasks - Design of a Coherent Experiment-supported Learning Environment for Deep Reasoning in Organic Chemistry--Assessment of Assessment in Organic Chemistry - Review and Analysis of Predominant Problem Types Related to Reactions and Mechanisms--Developing Machine Learning Models for Automated Analysis of Organic Chemistry Students' Written Descriptions of Organic Reaction Mechanisms--Deveopment of a Generalizable Framework for Machine Learning-based Evaluation of Written Explanations of Reaction Mechanisms from the Post-secondary Organic Chemistry Curriculum--The Central Importance of Assessing "Doing Science" to Research and Instruction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reasoning about structure-reactivity and chemical processes is a key competence in chemistry. Especially in organic chemistry, students experience difficulty appropriately interpreting organic representations and reasoning about the underlying causality of organic mechanisms. As organic chemistry is often a bottleneck for students' success in their career, compiling and distilling the insights from recent research in the field will help inform future instruction and the empowerment of chemistry students worldwide. This book brings together leading research groups to highlight recent advances in chemistry education research with a focus on the characterization of students' reasoning and their representational competencies, as well as the impact of instructional and assessment practices in organic chemistry. Written by leaders in the field, this title is ideal for chemistry education researchers, instructors and practitioners, and graduate students in chemistry education.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Proceedings of ECSOC-1, The First International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, (Sept. 1-30, 1997)
• Proceedings of ECSOC-2, The Second International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, (Sept. 1-30, 1998)
• Molecules 1997 Volume 2 Annual CD-ROM
• Molecules 1998 Volume 3 Annual CD-ROM
• MDPI available samples CD-ROM

• CHAPTER
• -1: AMINO ACIDS1.1 INTRODUCTION1.2 NOMENCLATURE OF AMINO ACIDS1.2.1 Representation of Amino Acids1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF AMINO ACIDS1.3.1 Coded or Primary Protein Amino Acids1.3.1.1 Nonpolar or Apolar Amino Acids1.3.1.2 Neutral or Uncharged Polar Amino Acids1.3.1.3 Charged Polar Amino Acids 1.3.2 Secondary and Tertiary Protein Amino Acids1.3.3 Non-Coded or Non-Protein Amino Acids1.3.4 Essential Amino Acids 1.4 STEREOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF a- AMINO ACIDS1.4.1 Absolute Configuration of a-Amino Acids1.4.1.1 The RS Notation 1.4.2 Amino Acids with Two Chiral Centres 1.5 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF a-AMINO ACIDS 1.5.1 General Physical Properties 1.5.2 Acid-Base Properties of Amino Acids 1.5.2.1 Amino Acids with Non-Ionisable Side Chains1.5.2.2 Amino Acids with Ionisable Side Chains1.5.3 Spectral Properties of a-Amino Acids1.5.3.1 Mass Spectrometry1.5.3.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy1.5.3.3 UV Spectroscopy1.5.3.4 IR Spectroscopy1.5.3.4 Circular Dichroism (CD)CONTENTSviii Chemistry of Natural Products1.6 CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS1.6.1 Reactions due to Amino Group1.6.2 Reactions due to Carboxyl Group1.6.3 Reactions due to both Amino and Carboxyl Groups1.7 INDUSTRIAL PREPARATION OF a-AMINO ACIDS1.8 CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF a-AMINO ACIDS1.8.1 Enantiomeric Resolution of a-Amino Acids1.8.2 Asymmetric Synthesis of a-Amino Acids1.9 INDUSTRIAL AP PLICATIONS OF a-AMINO ACIDSExercisesCHAPTER -2 : PEPTIDES2.1 INTRODUCTION2.2 STRUCTURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF PEPTIDES2.2.1 Structure of Peptide Bond2.2.2 Classification of Peptides2.3 NOMENCLATURE OF PEPTIDES2.3.1 Representation of Peptides and Polypeptides2.4 PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS2.4.1 Protection of Amino Group2.4.2 Protection of Carboxyl Group2.4.3 Protection of Side Chains2.4.4 Coupling Methods2.5 SOLID PHASE PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS2.5.1 Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis usingt-Boc Protection (Merrifield Approach) 2.5.2 Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis usingFmoc Protection (Sheppard's Approach)2.5.3 Limitations of Solid Phase Peptide Synthesis 2.6 SOME BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT PEPTIDES 2.6.1 Oxytocin ix Amino Acids2.6.2 Glutathione 2.6.2.1 Role of Glutathione in Disulphide Bond Formation2.6.2.2 Role of Glutathione as an Antioxidant 2.6.3 Insulin 2.6.3.1 Structure Determination of Insulin 2.6.4 Bradykinin 2.6.5 Gramicidin Exercises CHAPTER
• -3: PROTEINS3.1 INTRODUCTION 3.2 CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS 3.2.1 Classification on the Basis of Shape and Structure 3.2.2 Classification on the Basis of Products of Hydrolysis 3.2.3 Classification on the Basis of Biological Functions 3.3 PROPERTIES OF PROTEINS 3.3.1 Molecular Weight 3.3.2 Amphoteric Nature 3.3.3 Solubility 3.3.4 Precipitation 3.3.5 Denaturation 3.3.6 Colour Reactions 3.4 STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF PROTEINS 3.4.1 Covalent or Primary Structure of Proteins 3.4.1.1 Amino Acid Composition of Proteins 3.4.1.2 Amino Acid Sequence of Polypeptides 3.4.2 Conformational Aspects of Proteins: Higher Order Structures 3.4.2.1 Secondary Structure of Proteins 3.4.2.2 Tertiary Structure of Proteins 3.4.2.3 Quaternary Structure of Proteins Exercises CHAPTER -
• 4: ENZYMES4.1 INTRODUCTION x Chemistry of Natural Products4.2 NOMENCLATURE AND CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYMES 4.2.1 Systematic and Recommended Names 4.2.2 Classification Numbers and Code Names 4.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF ENZYMES 4.3.1 Catalytic Power 4.3.2 Enzyme Specificity 4.3.3 Enzyme Regulation4.4MECHANISM OF ENZYME ACTION 4.5 FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTION 4.6 CHYMOTRYPSIN: AN ENZYME IN ACTION 4.6.1 Structure of Chymotrypsin 4.6.2 Important Amino Acid Residues of Chymotrypsin 4.6.3 Mechanism of Action 4.7 COFACTORS (or COENZYMES) 4.7.1 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) andNicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+) 4.7.2 UDP-Glucose 4.7.3 Flavin Mononucleotide (FMN) and FlavinAdenine Dinucleotide (FAD) 4.7.4 Thiamine Pyrophosphate (TPP) 4.7.5 CoCarboxylase 4.7.6 Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate 4.8 ENZYMES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS 4.8.1 Enzymatic Oxidations 4.8.2 Enzymatic Hydroxylation 4.8.3 Enzymatic Hydrolysis 4.8.4 Enzymatic Reductions 4.8.5 Enzymatic Isomerisations 4.6.6 Pharmaceutical Applications of Enzymes Exercises GlossaryIndex .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for core as well as elective courses offered to undergraduate and advanced undergraduate students enrolled in chemistry. This textbook comprehensively deals various topics of organic chemistry such as amino acids, peptides, proteins and enzymes. The text is divided into four chapters: a chapter each dedicated to amino acids, peptides, proteins and enzymes, respectively. The important reactions have been explained with the help of the mechanisms involved. It gives a detailed account of the solution phase and solid phase synthesis of peptides as well as discussing the structure and function of some biologically important peptides. It also covers the classification, nomenclature and mode of action of enzymes, and a detailed account of the structure and function of different co-enzymes. The book also includes pedagogical features like end-of-chapter exercises to aid in self learning. Given the scope, this textbook will be useful for graduate and advanced graduate students pursuing the course of chemistry, especially organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction: The Place of Antagonism and Feuds in Advancing Science
• 2. Vladimir Vasil'evich Markovnikov and Markovnikov's Rule for Addition
• 3. Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev and Zaitsev's Rule for Elimination
• 4. Markovnikov's Rule and Controversies Over It
• 5. Mechanistic Considerations in Bimolecular Elimination Reactions
• 6. Development of Highly Regioselective Addition Reactions
• 7. Development of Highly Regiospecific Alkene Syntheses.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Addition, Elimination and Substitution: Markovnikov, Hofmann, Zaitsev and Walden: Discovery and Development discusses foundational reactions in organic chemistry and their major protagonists, contributions to synthesis, and history. Hofmann, Zaitsev, and Markovnikov are introduced, along with their major discoveries and contributions to organic chemistry. The history of controversies around Markovnikov's Rule are addressed. The book introduces Walden's original demonstration of configuration inversion, then discusses bimolecular elimination reactions, regioselective addition reactions, regiospecific alkene synthesis, and the development of modern reactions with configuration inversion. With its unique perspective, focus, and comprehensive coverage, this book belongs on the shelf of every organic chemist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Mechanical Properties of Materials as They Relate to Adhesives Mechanical Tests of Adhesive Bond Performance Basics of Intermolecular Forces and Surface Science Basic Physical/Chemical Properties of Polymers Relationship of Surface Science and Adhesion Science Surface Preparation of Adherends for Adhesive Bonding Chemistry and Physical Properties of Structural Adhesives Chemistry and Physical Properties of Elastomer-Based Adhesives Thermoplastic, Pseudothermoplastic, and Other Adhesives Basis for Adhesive Bond Design Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book describes, in clear understandable language, the three main disciplines of adhesion technology: 1) mechanics of the adhesive bond, 2) chemistry of adhesives, and 3) surface science. Some knowledge of physical and organic chemistry is assumed, but no familiarity with the science of adhesion is required. The emphasis is on understanding adhesion, how surfaces can be prepared and modified, and how adhesives can be formulated to perform a given task. Throughout the book, the author provides a broad view of the field, with a consistent style that leads the reader from one step to the next in gaining an understanding of the science. The 4th edition has additional content covering sustainability (use of natural products in adhesives) and bonding of composite materials. There are also updates and small improvements throughout, together with some new review questions aprovided at the end of the chapters.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• OLED Fundamentals
• OLED Material Design
• Device Fabrication
• Display Design
• Lighting
• Encapsulation + Flexible Technology
• Degradation
• Recent Topics.

This handbook presents a wide range of information regarding the technology of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), from the basic physics of light-emitting devices to the applications for organic-light-emitting technologies, such as OLED displays for mobile phones and large-screen televisions and OLED lighting. The remarkable advances in the performance of OLEDs reported these days are mainly due to the improvement of organic material design and the enhancement of light extraction. In the first two chapters of this handbook, device and material design strategies aimed at high-performance OLEDs suitable for low power consumption and highly durable applications are addressed. The latest advancements in molecular design are also discussed, including state-of-the-art â#x80; thermally-activated delayed fluorescenceâ#x80; #x9D; technology, which employs a novel concept to move â#x80; forbiddenâ#x80; #x9D; triplet exciton energy back to a singlet state so that 100% internal quantum efficiency can be achieved. For optimized electrical properties and light emission, OLEDs are normally composed of several layers, each of which plays a different part, such as a hole-injection layer, hole-transport layer, emission layer and electron-transport layer. The design requirements of organic molecules suitable for each layer are discussed. To manufacture OLEDs, several key technologies are being pursued. The most popular method is vacuum evaporation, which is used in nearly all of the OLED products currently on the market. Several technologies that could improve manufacturing yield and lower processing costs, such as inkjet and roll-to-roll printing, have been proposed and are being actively developed. These device fabrication methodologies are discussed and weighed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. The main applications for OLEDs are displays and lighting. Display designs for active-matrix driving and passive-matrix driving, as well as in-pixel and out-pixel compensation, which eliminates luminous non-uniformity, are discussed, along with an analysis of TFT backplane technologies. The lighting chapter focuses on the principles and advances made in tandem OLEDs comprised of multiple devices in a single stack, which can significantly extend device lifetime. Also, light extraction technology that has boosted OLED efficiency to nearly that of inorganic LEDs is discussed. The subsequent chapter addresses the hot topic of flexible OLED displays and lighting. As the devices are very sensitive to atmospheric moisture, the high-performance barrier films necessary for implementing practical flexible devices are covered. Organic devices were originally thought to be limited by device lifetimes shorter than those of their inorganic counterparts. However, a white OLED device with a lifetime of tens of thousands of hours has already been reported, which is very close to the lifetime of inorganic LEDs. In closing, the latest degradation mechanism studies on OLEDs are presented, revealing both our current understanding of degradation and the challenges that remain for further improving device lifetimes.

• Chapter 1. Complex Natural Products Derived from Pyrogallols.-
• Chapter 2. The Chemistry of Agarwood Odorants.-
• Chapter 3. Chemical Ecology of the North American Newt Genera: Taricha and Notophthalmus.-
• Chapter 4. The Genus Walsura: A Rich Resource of Bioactive Limonoids, Triterpenoids, and Other Types of Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume consists of four chapters that cover a structurally diverse range of naturally occurring compounds. Chapter 1 delves into the chemistry of pyrogallols and their oxidized products, the hydroxy-o-quinones, including their role in cycloaddition reactions in the chemical synthesis of several fungal metabolites. Chapter 2 provides an in-depth description of the constituents of agarwood essential oil and smoke samples that are used in the perfumery industry, with an emphasis on the sesquiterpenoid and chromones constituents so far known. Chapter 3 discusses the defensive chemical ecology of two North American newt species that both produce tetrodotoxin, a well-known neurotoxin that causes paralysis and death in metazoans by disrupting electrical signals in the nerves and muscles. Chapter 4 discusses the limonoids and triterpenoids from the genus Walsura of the plant family Meliaceae, of which a number of species are utilized in several southeastern Asian countries in systems of folk medicine.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Structure and physical properties- inductive and mesomeric effects
• basic stereochemistry
• reaction mechanisms - basic principles
• organic acids and bases
• halogen compounds
• alcohols, phenols and ethers
• aldehydes and ketones
• carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• alkenes and alkynes
• aromatic compounds
• amines, amino acids and diazonium salts
• free radical reactions
• guided route and short answer questions
• comments and outline answers to self-test questions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book covers the first year of undergraduate courses in organic chemistry. Each chapter provides notes followed by examples showing how to approach all the different problems which occur at this level. Each chapter concludes with questions taken from examination papers. The author also wrote "Ionic Organic Mechanisms".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Diastereoselective Reduction of Estrone
• chapter 2 Synthesis of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentene-1-amine
• chapter 3 Protection of 2,2-Dimethyl-4-pentene-1-amine
• chapter 4 Optimization of the Reaction Conditions for the Aminofluorination of N-(2,2- Dimethylpent-4-enyl)-2-toluenesulfonamide
• chapter 5 Asymmetric Robinson Annulation
• chapter 6 Formation of N-Benzylcinchonidinium Chloride from Cinchonidine
• chapter 7 Chiral Resolution of BINOL (1,1'-bi-2- Naphthol) with N-Benzylcinchonidinium Chloride
• chapter 8 Transesterification of Phosphatidylcholine and FAME Quantification
• chapter 9 Green Chemistry: Solventless Sequential Aldol and Michael Reactions in the Synthesis of Kröhnke Pyridine
• chapter 10 Carbonyl Chemistry in a Multistep Synthesis
• chapter 11 Multistep Synthesis of a Bioactive Peptidomimetic
• chapter 12 Total Synthesis of a Natural Product: Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE).

Laboratory experience equips students with techniques that are necessary for professional practice. Advanced Organic Synthesis: A Laboratory Manual focuses on a mechanistic background of key reactions in organic chemistry, gives insight into well-established trends, and introduces new developments in the field. The book features experiments performed by primary author Dmitry Liskin while he was a graduate student, providing a real-life quality to the experiments by using examples that have actually been conducted. It also includes recent experiments that have been published in peer-reviewed journals. The experiments are presented in a brief and simple manner, including bulleted lists of the required materials and equipment as well as step-by-step walkthroughs. Each experiment also carefully details safety issues and waste disposal methods. Emphasizing techniques and approaches used in more advanced labs, Advanced Organic Synthesis: A Laboratory Manual gives undergraduates the theoretical knowledge and practical experience they need to succeed at more advanced levels of research involving organic synthesis at the graduate or industrial level.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction to Aromatic Fluorination
• 2. Halex Chemistry
• 3. The Balz-Schiemann Reaction and Related Chemistry
• 4. Other Aromatic Fluorination Methodologies
• 5. Trifluoromethylaromatics
• 6. Trifluoromethylthioaromatics and Trifluoromethylsulfonylaromatics
• 7. Other Aromatic Ring Substituents
• 8. Industrial Aspects of Aromatic Fluorine Chemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Academia and industry join forces in Aromatic Fluorination, as an expert from each domain contributes to this new text on fluorination of carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings. The book begins with a discussion of fluorine's unique combination of properties, including size, electronic effects, and hydrophobicity, as well as the historical development of its product applications. It explains methods for introducing fluorine into an aromatic ring, focusing on nucleophilic fluorine transfer reactions. The role of catalysts, solvents, and other variables are examined, and the scope and limitations of the methods are discussed. Of particular interest to those working in non-specialist laboratories, Aromatic Fluorination includes detailed descriptions of the new electrophilic routes to fluoroaromatics, in addition to traditional routes and alternative methods involving radical chemistry. Because one of the most important fluorine-containing substituent is CF3, the book explains routes to benzotrifluorides (ArCF3), including traditional industrial methods and modern alternatives employing C-1 halofluorocarbons and other fluoroaliphatics. An alternative to CF3 is CF3S, and several methods of synthesizing aromatic CF3S-containing molecules are described. Since the successful development and diverse applications of aromatic fluorine compounds have led to the search for new compounds and novel substituents, the incorporation of other substituents is also explored. Aromatic Fluorination concludes with discussion of the factors responsible for the successful development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and liquid crystal applications and the potential for applications in high-performance polymers and other areas. This section also describes in detail important industrial aromatic fluorination processes and the relative merits of different process technologies and their costs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Introduction / Andrew M. Harned
• chapter 2 Alcohols and Phenols as Hydrogen Bonding Catalysts / Yunus Emre Türkmen
• chapter 3 Phosphoric Acid Catalysis / Jia-Hui Tay
• chapter 4 Halogen Bond Catalysis
• An Emerging Paradigm in Organocatalysis / Choon-Hong Tan
• chapter 5 Catalysis with Selenium and Sulfur / Yi An Cheng
• chapter 6 Use of Phosphine Oxides as Catalysts and Precatalysts / Zhiqi Lao
• chapter 7 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
• Homoenolate and Enolate Reactivity / Xinqiang Fang
• chapter 8 Other Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysts / Andrew M. Harned.

Since the 1990s the synthetic community has shown a growing interest in the development of catalytic reactions that employ entirely organic catalysts - so-called 'organocatalysts'. With the current emphasis on green chemistry throughout the chemical industry, organocatalysis has become indispensible. In spite of this growth and recognition, there can be a misconception that organocatalysts are only based on nitrogen-containing functional groups (amines, ureas, and quaternary ammonium salts, for example), and are only useful for asymmetric reactions. Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysis shows that the umbrella of organocatalysis covers other main group elements besides nitrogen, and the coverage is not just limited to asymmetric methods. Many of the catalysts and mechanisms discussed may not have a viable asymmetric variant or cannot be rendered asymmetric at all. This does not make them any less useful, as illustrated in this book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Biomass Availability & Utility for Chemicals
• 2. Composition of Biomass
• 3. Bioconversion of Agricultural Biomass to Organic Chemicals
• 4. Gasification
• 5. Pyrolysis
• 6. Chemicals from Cellulose
• 7. Chemicals from Hemicellulose
• 8. Chemicals from Lignin
• 9. Turpentine, Rosin, and Fatty Acids from Conifer
• 10. Bark
• 11. Foliage
• 12. Integrated Plants Fort Chemical from Biomass
• 13. Economic and Other Considerations.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The biomass emphasis in on material of terrestrial plant origin, although principles are directly transferable to aquatic plants with similar components. Products of animal origin are not included. Since animal fats and oils are not considered, it seemed logical to exclude vegetable oils as well. Biomass emphasis is on material of terrestrial plant origin, although the principles are directly transferrable to aquatic plants with similar components.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The Di- -Methane Rearrangement
• 2. Synthetic Aspects of the Oxadi- -Methane Rearrangement
• 3. The Photochemistry of Carbenium Ions and Related Species
• 4. Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Carbonyl Compounds
• 5. Selected Topics in the Matrix Photochemistry of Nitrenes, Carbenes, and Excited THplet States.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic photochemistry is the science arising from the application of photochemicalmethods to organic chemistry and organic chemical methods to photochemistry. It is aninterdisciplinary frontier.Intense activity in organic photochemistry in the last decade has produced so vast anaccumulation of factual knowledge that chemists in general have viewed it with awe.Even those chemists engaged in the study of organic photochemistry will find the rate ofdevelopment in the field perplexing to a high degree. This series originated to fill theneed for a critical summary of this vigorously expanding field with the purpose ofdrawing together seemingly unrelated facts, summarizing progress, and clarifyingproblems.Volume 11 continues to fulfill the original, essential role of this unique series byproviding a convenient review of the structural aspects of organic photochemistry. Aswith earlier volumes, this new book offers the research findings of distinguishedauthorities. It stresses timely aspects of organic photochemistry-previously scatteredthroughout the large body of literature-for which necessary critical review has beenlacking.This volume of the series emphasizes the mechanistic details of the di-n:-methanerearrangement . .. the synthetic aspects of the oxadi-n:-methane reaction ... thephotochemistry of carbenium ions and related species .. . photoinduced hydrogen atomabstraction by carbonyl compounds ... and matrix photochemistry of nitrenes, carbenes, and excited triplet states. Complete with numerous illustrations and bibliographiccitations of the literature, this book explores these important processes to the advantageof organic chemists, as an aid to research and as a source for supplementary knowledgeon particular topics .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1
• General Concepts for Covalent Bonding and Constructing Lewis Structures for Organic Molecules
• Chapter 2
• Guideline for Writing Organic Molecule Isomers and Determining Number of Rings Plus Pi-Bonds
• Chapter 3
• Guideline for Complete Analysis for Central Atoms and Molecules: Bonding/Hybridization/Geometry/Polarity
• Chapter 4
• Notation in Organic Chemistry: Guide to Writing and Using Condensed Formulas and Line Drawings
• Chapter 5
• Summary Guidelines for Organic Nomenclature
• Chapter 6
• Guidelines for Analysis of Intermolecular Forces for Organic Molecules
• Chapter 7
• Alkane and Cycloalkane Conformations
• Chapter 8
• Summary Guide to Thermodynamic Concepts for Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 9
• Guide to Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms
• Chapter 10
• Review of Acid/Base Concepts for Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 11
• Electrophiles and Nucleophiles in Organic Reaction Mechanisms
• Chapter 12
• Conceptual Guide to Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 13
• Guide to Stereochemistry Concepts and Analysis of Reaction
• Stereochemistry as Applied to Electrophilic Addition
• Chapter 14
• A Process for Calculation of Product Distribution Through Relative Rate Analysis: Examples for Free Radical Halogenation
• Chapter 15
• Process to Identify and Solve the Reactions for Organic I
• Chapter 16
• Electrophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination to
• Conjugated Double Bond and Aromatic Systems
• Chapter 17
• Oxidation/Reduction Relationships for Carbonyl Carbon
• Chapter 18
• A Complete System for Organizing, Identifying, and Solving Carbonyl Reactions: Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination
• Chapter 19
• A Brief Guideline for Applying Fundamental Concepts in NMR Spectroscopy
• Organic I Practice Exams
• Exams 1, 2
• Organic Structure-- Molecular Geometry-- Hybridization
• Exams 3, 4, 5
• Alkanes/Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, Properties, Conformations, Chirality, and Stereochemistry
• Exams 6, 7, 8
• Chirality and Diastereomers-- Acid/Base Chemistry-- Alkene Properties/Stereochemistry-- Alkene and Alcohol Nomenclature
• Exams 9, 10, 11
• Kinetics and Thermodynamics-- Mechanism Concepts-- Alkene Reactions-- Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
• Exams 12, 13, 14
• Alkyl Halides: Free Radical Mechanisms-- SN1 and SN2
• Exams 15, 16, 17
• Alkyl Halides and Alcohols: Reactions and Properties-- SN1, SN2, E1, E2
• Organic II Practice Exams
• Exams 18, 19, 20
• Reactions and Nomenclature of Alkynes-- Electrophilic Addition to Conjugated Systems-- Diels-Alder-- Aromatic Molecules: Properties, Reactions, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Exams 21, 22
• Organometallic Reactions-- Redox Reactions of Alcohols-- Epoxides, Ethers-- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Exams 23, 24
• Carbonyl Chemistry-- Aldehydes, Ketones-- Carboxylic Acid Derivatives-- Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination
• Exams 25, 26, 27
• Enol and Enolate Anion Reactions of Carbonyls-- Aldol and Claisen Condensations-- , -Unsaturated Aldehydes-- -Ketoesters-- Decarboxylation-- Amine Chemistry
• Multiple Choice Exams
• Organic I: Multiple Choice Exam 1
• Kinetics and Thermodynamics-- Alkanes/Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, Properties, Conformations, Chirality, and Stereochemistry
• Organic I: Multiple Choice Exam 2
• Stereochemistry-- Alkene Reactions-- Alkyl Halide and Alcohol Reactions: SN1, SN2, E1, E2, Radicals
• Organic II: Multiple Choice Exam 1
• Reactions and Nomenclature of Alkynes-- Electrophilic Addition to Conjugated Systems-- Diels-Alder-- Aromatic Molecules: Properties, Reactions, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Organic II: Multiple Choice Exam 2
• Short Comprehensive Exam Written in the Style of a Standardized Exam.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Guide to Covalent Bonding and Constructing Lewis Structures for Organic Molecules. Summary Guide for Thermodynamics in Organic Chemistry. Guide to Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms. Guideline for Complete Analysis of Organic Molecules: Bonding/Hybridization and Geometry/Polarity. Notation in Organic Chemistry: Guide to Writing Structures and Formulas. Review Guidelines for Analysis of Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles in Organic Reaction Mechanisms. Conceptual Guide to Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. Flow Diagram and Collection of Summaries for Reactions in Organic Chemistry I. Review of Acid/Base Concepts for Organic Chemistry. Electrophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination to Conjugated Double Bond and Aromatic Systems. Reaction at Carbonyl Carbons: Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination. Oxidation/Reduction Relationships for Carbonyl Carbon. Guideline for Writing Organic Molecule Isomers and Determining Number of Rings plus Pi--Bonds. Summary Guidelines for Organic Nomenclature. Product Isomer Percent and Ratio Calculation for Free Radical Halogenation through Rate Analysis. Practice Problems Include the Following Chapters: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I CURRICULUM: General thermodynamic and kinetic concepts
• bonding and geometry
• corresponds to Chapter 1--5, 10, and 14. General concepts for alkanes, cycloalkanes
• nomenclature
• corresponds to Chapter 1, 4, and 15. Alcohols, alkyl halides
• concepts of reaction mechanisms
• SN1, SN2
• free radical halogenation
• corresponds to Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10, 16. Alkenes
• advanced concepts of mechanisms
• E1, E2
• electrophilic addition
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 9. Alkenes
• chirality and stereoisomers
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 9. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II CURRICULUM: Alkynes
• conjugated systems
• cycloadditions
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 10, 11. Aromatics
• electrophilic aromatic substitution
• corresponds to Chapter 11. Diols, ethers, epoxides, organometallics
• nucleophilic addition to carbonyl
• corresponds to Chapter 12. carbonyl
• corresponds to Chapter 12 and 13. Carboxylic acids
• amines, enols and enolate reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An important benefit for organic chemistry students is the opportunity to bridge the gap between general chemistry and organic chemistry. It is also to make sense of the myriad of in-depth concepts of organic chemistry without being overwhelmed by the necessary detail often given in a complete organic chemistry text. Here, the topics covered span the entire standard organic chemistry curriculum. The authors describe subjects which require further explanations, alternate viewpoints for understanding, and hands-on practical problems and solutions to help master the material. This text helps students apply key ideas from their general chemistry curriculum to concepts in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The Survival Guide to Organic Chemistry: Bridging the Gap from General Chemistry enables organic chemistry students to bridge the gap between general chemistry and organic chemistry. It makes sense of the myriad of in-depth concepts of organic chemistry, without overwhelming them in the necessary detail often given in a complete organic chemistry text. Here, the topics covered span the entire standard organic chemistry curriculum. The authors describe subjects which require further explanation, offer alternate viewpoints for understanding and provide hands-on practical problems and solutions to help master the material. This text ultimately allows students to apply key ideas from their general chemistry curriculum to key concepts in organic chemistry. Key Features: Reviews key general chemistry concepts and techniques, adapted for application to important organic principles Provides practical guidance to help students make the notoriously well-known and arduous transition from general chemistry to organic chemistry Explains organic concepts and reaction mechanisms, generally expanding the focus on how to understand each step from a more intuitive viewpoint Covers concepts that need further explanation as well as those that summarize and emphasize key ideas or skills necessary in this field. An added bonus is help with organizing principles to make sense of a wide range of similar reactions and mechanisms Implements a user-friendly process to achieve the end result of problem solving Covers organic chemistry I and II concepts at the level and depth of a standard ACS organic chemistry curriculum; features practice problems and solutions to help master the material, including an extensive and comprehensive bank of practice exams with solutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Heteropolyacids, an overview
• 3. Applications of Heteropoly acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts
• 4. Applications of Heteropoly acids as Homogeneous Catalysts
• 5. Supported Heteropolyacids
• 6. Applications of Heteropoly acids in industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Heteropolyacids as Highly Efficient and Green Catalysts Applied in Organic Transformations introduces heteropolyacids (HPAs) as promising candidates for use as green catalysts. This book initially presents an overview of chemistry of HPAs, including the history of their discovery and applications, systematic classifications, solubility, coordination and binding chemistry, isomerization, stability, redox activity, acidic properties, basicity, skeleton structure, structure types, self-assemblage, surface area, electrochemical behavior, methods of investigation, and characterization. Other sections present and compare the applications of HPAs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The book provides readers with a basic-to-advanced range of knowledge on how useful and green HPAs can be used for use as catalysts in organic transformations and even the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Alkanes, composition, constitution, and configuration
• 2. Functional groups
• 3. Electronic structure of organic molecules
• 4. Alkenes and alkynes
• 5. Substitutions on saturated carbon atom
• 6. Nucleophilic additions
• 7. Stereochemistry, symmetry, and molecular chirality
• 8. Derivatives of carboxylic acids
• 9. Electrophilic substitutions
• 10. Pericyclic reactions
• 11. Organic natural products
• 12. Organic supramolecular and supermolecular structures.

This textbook is designed for students of biology, molecular biology, ecology, medicine, agriculture, forestry and other professions where the knowledge of organic chemistry plays an important role. The work may also be of interest to non-professionals, as well as to teachers in high schools. The book consists of 13 chapters that cover the essentials of organic chemistry, including - basic principles of structure and constitution of organic compounds, - the elements of the nomenclature, - the concepts of the nature of chemical bond, - introductions in NMR and IR spectroscopy, - the concepts and main classes of the organic reaction mechanisms, - reactions and properties of common classes or organic compounds, - and the introduction to the chemistry of the natural organic products followed by basic principles of the reactions in living cells. This second edition includes revisions and suggestions made by the readers of the first edition and the author's colleagues. In addition, it includes substantial changes compared to the first edition. The chapter on Cycloaddition has been completed by including the other pericyclic reactions (sigmatropic rearrangements, electrocyclic reactions). The chapter on Organic Natural Products has been extended to include new section covering the principles of organic synthesis. New chapter "Organic Supramolecular and Supermolecular Structures" is added. This chapter covers the basic knowledge about the molecular recognition, supramolecular structures, and the mechanisms of the enzyme catalyzed reactions. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Tool compounds for mass spectrometry-based chemical proteomics
• 2. Principles of proteomic reactions of covalent inhibitors
• 3. Reporter tags and chemistry for probe-reacted proteins
• 4. Chemical derivatization of peptides for quantitative proteomics
• 5. Database-searching strategies for probe-reacted proteins in a proteome
• 6. Solid-phase reagents for discovering inhibitors of kinases
• 7. Fragment screening for discovering covalent probes
• 8. Designer compounds for locational proteomics
• 9. Chemical proteomics for exploring protein lipidation Targeting Author: Edward Tate
• 10. Synthetic evolution of indocyanine green with the 2-nitroimidazole warhead for imaging of hypoxic tumor.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Advances in Chemical Proteomics provides essential concepts and recent applications on probes, tool compounds and concepts for chemical proteomics and then moves on to applications, including solid-phase reagents, fragment screening, designer compounds and protein lipidation. As the second volume in the Developments in Organic Chemistry series, each chapter is written by experts in the field. Users will find this to be a valuable reference for organic chemists and chemical biologists who are interested in developing tool compounds and reagents to measure and interrogate proteome, develop drug leads, and measure off-target effects and drug toxicity. Analytical chemists who are interested in better understanding organic chemistry behind commonly used reagents for quantitative proteomics and tools compounds in the emerging field of chemical proteomics will also benefit from this comprehensive resource on the topics presented.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemical Oxidative C-C Bond Formation / Koji Hirano
• Electrochemical Oxidative C-C Bond Formation / Sebastian Lips, Siegfried R Waldvogel
• Fundamentals of Photochemical Redox Reactions / Daniel A Corbin, Nicholas A Swisher, Garret M Miyake
• C-H bond Functionalization with Chemical Oxidants / Jia-Xiang Xiang, Pooja Vemuri, Frederic W Patureau
• Electrochemical Reductive Transformations / Mahito Atobe, Toshio Fuchigami
• Electrochemical Redox-Mediated Polymer Synthesis / Naoki Shida, Shinsuke Inagi
• Chemical Paired Transformations / Eiji Shirakawa
• Photochemical Paired Transformations / Takashi Koike, Munetaka Akita
• Paired Electrolysis / Kouichi Matsumoto, Toshiki Nokami.

• Chapter 1. Marine Biodiscovery in a Changing World.-
• Chapter 2. The Chemistry and Chemical Ecology of Lepidopterans as Investigated in Brazil.-
• Chapter 3. A Timeline of Perezone, the First Isolated Secondary Metabolite in the New World, Covering the Period from 1852 to 2020.-
• Chapter 4. Biologically Acitive Constituents from Plants of the Genus Xanthium.-
• Chapter 5. Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of Genus Desmos.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume describes several highly diverse subjects: Chapter 1 explores marine biodiscovery of the North-eastern Atlantic off the coast of Ireland as a model for best practice in research. The second chapter investigates Brazilian Chemical Ecology and examples of insect-plant communication studies that are mediated by natural products demonstrate the beautiful interconnectedness of species in a biome. Our third chapter comprises the advances in the science of the sesquiterpene quinone, perezone, which in 1852 was the first natural product isolated in crystalline form in the New World. The last two chapters are from a Vietnamese group and the first of these follows the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and ethnomedical uses of the genus Xanthium, which produces interesting sulfur and nitrogen containing natural products. Finally, the genus Desmos is discussed, where an overview of its constituent natural products and their in vitro pharmacological potential is described.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Bacteria Basics
• The History of Antibiotics
• How Antibiotics Work
• Resistance
• Tolerance and Virulence
• Antibiotic Development
• Conclusions and Outlook
• Check Your Understanding

• Endohedral Metallofullerenes: an overview.- Electron Transfer in Solution.- Ions of Endohedral Fullerenes in the Gas Phase.- Electron Transfer in Solid State.- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Endohedral Fullerenes.- Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Metallofullerenes.- Magnetic Properties of Endohedral Metallofullerenes.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Endohedral Metallofullerenes.- Spin states in N@C60 and other Non-Metal Endohedral Fullerenes.- Ortho and Para Hydrogen states in H2@C60.- Quantum Computing with Endohedral Fullerenes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book discusses recent progress in endohedral fullerenes - their production and separation techniques, as well as their characterization and properties. Furthermore, the book delves into the all-important issue of stability by investigating electron transfer between the encapsulated metal species and the carbon cage. It also reviews spin-based phenomena caused by the shielding of endohedral spin by the fullerene, and analyzes formation of the spin states by charge transfer as studied by electron spin resonance. Tuning of charge states of endohedral species and of spin states of both the cage and the cluster are explained. Finally, the book considers the recent discovery of magnetism in some endohedral fullerenes, and the potential for quantum computing.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.- NHC-catalyzed Annulations of Nitroalkenes.- NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of Enals.- NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of , -unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.- Experimental Part.- Research Summary.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• NHC-catalyzed Annulations of Nitroalkenes
• NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of Enals
• NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of α, β-unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
• Experimental Part
• Research Summary.

This thesis focuses on NHC-catalyzed annulation of nitroalkenes, enals and , -unsaturated carboxylic acids. (1) NHCs were found to be efficient catalysts for the [4+2] annulation of -substituted nitroalkenes. The scope of Rauhut-Currier reaction was successfully extended to the most challenging -substituted alkenes by this method; (2) Enals were successfully used for [4+2] annulations with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by NHC via -addition. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and -amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by subsequent transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones. (4) The readily available , -unsaturated carboxylic acids were first successfully employed to generate the , -unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates by using NHC for the enantioselective [3+2] and [3+3] annulations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) This thesis focuses on NHC-catalyzed annulation of nitroalkenes, enals and α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. (1) NHCs were found to be efficient catalysts for the [4+2] annulation of β-substituted nitroalkenes. The scope of Rauhut-Currier reaction was successfully extended to the most challenging β-substituted alkenes by this method; (2) Enals were successfully used for [4+2] annulations with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by NHC via γ-addition. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and γ-amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by subsequent transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones. (4) The readily available α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids were first successfully employed to generate the α, β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates by using NHC for the enantioselective [3+2] and [3+3] annulations.

• Natural product molecular fossils.- Phthalides: distribution in nature, chemical reactivity, synthesis, and biological activity.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The first contribution describes apolar and polar molecular fossils and, in particular biomarkers, along the lines usually followed in organic chemistry textbooks, and points to their bioprecursors when available. Thus, the apolar compounds are divided in linear and branched alkanes followed by alicyclic compounds and aromatic and heterocyclic molecules, and, in particular, the geoporphyrins. The polar molecular fossils contain as functional groups or constituent units ethers, alcohols, phenols, carbonyl groups, flavonoids, quinones, and acids, or are polymers like kerogen, amber, melanin, proteins, or nucleic acids. The final sections discuss the methodology used and the fundamental processes encountered by the biomolecules described, including diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis. The second contribution covers the distribution of phthalides in nature and the findings in the structural diversity, chemical reactivity, biotransformations, syntheses, and bioactivity of natural and semisynthetic phthalides.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Xanthine Alkaloids: Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Function in Plants; 1 Introduction; 2 Occurrence of Xanthine Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom; 2.1 Ericales (Tea and Related Species); 2.2 Gentianales (Coffee and Related Species); 2.3 Aquifoliales (Maté and Related Species); 2.4 Malvales (Cacao, Cola, and Related Species); 2.5 Sapindales (Guaran, Citrus, and Related Plants); 2.6 Other Species; 3 Biosynthesis of Xanthine Alkaloids; 3.1 A Brief History of the Elucidation of the Biosynthesis Pathways; 3.2 Caffeine Biosynthesis Pathways from Xanthosine; 3.2.1 Formation of 7-Methylxanthine.

• Feeding ExperimentsEnzyme Studies; Genes and Proteins; 3.2.2 Conversion of 7-Methylxanthine to Caffeine via Theobromine; Feeding Experiments; Enzyme Studies; Genes and Proteins; 3.2.3 Evolutionary Relationship of the Caffeine Synthase Family Proteins; 3.3 Pathways that Supply Xanthosine for Caffeine Biosynthesis; 3.3.1 De Novo Route; 3.3.2 AMP Route; 3.3.3 SAM Cycle Route; 3.3.4 NAD Route; 3.3.5 GMP Route; 3.4 Localization of Xanthine Alkaloid Biosynthesis; 3.4.1 Organs and Tissues; Camellia; Coffea; Theobroma; Maté and Guaran; 3.4.2 Subcellular Accumulation of Xanthine Alkaloids.

• 3.4.3 Subcellular Localization of Caffeine Biosynthesis EnzymesCaffeine Synthase; Enzymes Involved in the de Novo Route; Enzymes Involved in the AMP Route; Enzymes Involved in the SAM Route; 3.4.4 Subcellular Localization and Transport of Intermediates; 3.5 Regulation of Caffeine Biosynthesis; 4 Metabolism of Xanthine Alkaloids; 4.1 Methyluric Acid Biosynthesis; 4.2 Biodegradation and Inter-conversion of Xanthine Alkaloids; 4.2.1 The Major Pathway of Caffeine Degradation; 4.2.2 Conventional Purine Catabolic Pathways in Plants; 4.2.3 Diversity of Xanthine Alkaloid Metabolism in Plants; Coffea.

• Tea4.2.4 Xanthine Alkaloid Metabolism in Bacteria and Animals; Bacteria; Animals; 5 Ecological Roles of Xanthine Alkaloids; 5.1 Allelopathic Function Theory; 5.1.1 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Germination and Growth of Plants; 5.1.2 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Proliferation of Plant Cells; 5.1.3 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Plant Metabolism; 5.1.4 Effect of Caffeine on Protein Expression Profiles; 5.1.5 Allelopathy in Natural Ecosystems; 5.2 Chemical Defense Theory; 5.2.1 Chemical Defense Against Microorganisms and Animals.

• 5.2.2 Proof of the Chemical Defense Theory Demonstrated with Transgenic Plants6 Biotechnology of Xanthine Alkaloids; 6.1 Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Plants; 6.2 Caffeine-Producing Transgenic Plants; 6.2.1 Antiherbivore Activity; 6.2.2 Antipathogen Activity; 7 Summary and Perspectives; References; The Iboga Alkaloids; 1 Introduction; 2 Biosynthesis; 3 Structural Elucidation and Reactivity; 4 New Molecules; 4.1 Monomers; 4.1.1 Ibogamine and Coronaridine Derivatives; 4.1.2 3-Alkyl- or 3-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives; 4.1.3
• 5- and/or 6-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives.

The first contribution reviews the occurrence of xanthine alkaloids in the plant kingdom and the elucidation of the caffeine biosynthesis pathway, providing details of the N-methyltransferases, belonging to the motif B' methyltransferase family which catalyze three steps in the four step pathway leading from xanthosine to caffeine. The second contribution in this book provides a background on the molecule and related compounds and update knowledge on the most recent advances in Iboga alkaloids. The third contribution presents a comprehensive analysis of frequently occurring errors with respect to 13C NMR spectroscopic data and proposes a straightforward protocol to eliminate a high percentage of the most obvious errors.

• Secondary metabolites from higher fungi / He-Ping Chen and Ji-Kai Liu
• Human deiminases: isoforms, substrate specificities, kinetics, and detection / Bushra Amin and Wolfgang Voelter
• Progress in the chemistry of naturally occurring coumarins / Satyajit D. Sarker and Lutfun Nahar.

• Anthraquinone and Anthraquinone Carboxylic AcidsCoupled Pre-anthraquinones; 2.3.4 Meroterpenoids Derived from the Acetate-Malonate Pathway; 2.3.5 Other Polyketides and Compounds of Fatty Acid Origin; 2.4 Pigments from the Mevalonate Pathway; 2.5 Pigments Containing Nitrogen; 2.5.1 Indoles; 2.5.2 Quinolines; 2.5.3 β-Carbolines; 2.5.4 Polyenes with Tetramic Acid or Amino Acid End Groups; 2.5.5 Other Pigments Containing Nitrogen; 3 Nitrogen-Containing Compounds of Higher Fungi; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Nitrogen Heterocycles; 3.2.1 Indoles; Simple Indoles; Isoindoles; 3.2.2 Pyridines and Pyrroles

The first contribution presents coumarins, the largest group of 1-benzopyran derivatives found in plants. Coumarin chemistry remains one of the major interest areas of phytochemists, especially because of their structural diversity and medicinal properties, along with the wide-ranging bioactivities of these compounds, inclusive of analgesic, anticoagulant anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antineoplastic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects. The second contribution presents a comprehensive survey of the many aspects of PAD biochemistry and physiology. The third contribution gives a comprehensive overview of secondary metabolites from higher fungi, with more than 700 references highlighting the isolation, structure elucidation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and biosynthesis of pigments, nitrogen-containing compounds, and terpenoids from mushrooms.

• Preface. Introduction
• M.R. Pavia, W.H. Moos. Solution-phase combinatorial chemistry
• D.M. Coe, C. Storer. New developments in solid phase synthesis
• I. Sucholeiki. Recent advances in solid phase synthesis
• S.E. Hall. Purification of combinatorial libraries
• H.N. Weller. Analytical methods for quality control of combinatorial libraries
• W.L. Fitch. Accessing Carbohydrate-based combinatorial libraries through solid phase and solution phase approaches
• M.J. Sofia. Patent Strategies in molecular diversity
• G.D. Green. Patent tactics in molecular diversity: Things that get around, come around
• K. Bozicevic. Advances in diversity profiling and combinatorial series design
• D.K. Agrafiotis, et al. Comprehensive survey of chemical libraries yielding enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists and antagonists, and other biologically active agents: 1992 through 1997
• R.E. Dolle. Compendium of solid phase chemistry publications
• I.W. James. Author Index. Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Combinatorial chemistry and molecular diversity approaches to scientific and novel product R & D have exploded in the 1990s. For example, in the preparation of drug candidates, the automated, permutational, and combinatorial use of chemical building blocks now allows the generation and screening of unprecedented numbers of compounds. Drug discovery - better, faster, cheaper? Indeed more compounds have been made and screened in the 1990s than in the last hundred years of pharmaceutical research. The second volume in this series includes contributions on methods, solid phases, purification, analysis, carbohydrates, patent strategies and tactics, diversity profiling and combinatorial series design, and finishes with a survey of chemical libraries yielding biologically active agents and a compendium of solid phase chemistry publications. Each contribution is prepared by a recognized expert resulting in a high quality account of the recent advances in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Danishefsky/Inoue/Trauner: Synthesis of Immunomodulatory Marine Natural Products
• Narquizian/Kocienski: The Pederin Family of Antitumour Agents: Structures, Synthesis and Biological Activity
• Forsyth/Dounay/Sabes/Urbanek: Bio therapeutic Potential and Synthesis of Okadaic Acid
• Romo/ Rzasa/ Schmitz/ Yang/ Cohn/ Buchler/ Shea/ Park/ Langenhan/ Messerschmidt/ Cox: Total Synthesis of Marine Natural Products Driven by Novel Structure, Potent Biological Activity and/or Synthetic Methodology
• Barrett/ Doubleday/ Gross/ Hamprecht/ Henschke/ James/ Kasdorf/ Ohkubo/ Procopiou/ Tustin/ White/ Williams: Total Synthesis of Antifungal Natural Products
• Ellmann: Combinatorial Methods to Engineer Small Molecules for Functional Genomics
• Muller/ Brackhagen/ Brunne/ Henkel/ Reichel: Natural Products in Drug Discovery
• Grabley/ Thiericke/Sattler: Tools for Drug Discovery: Natural Products based Libraries
• Hilvert: Genetic Selection as Tool in Mechanistic Enzymology and Protein Design
• Kutchan: The Biotechnological Exploitation of Medicinal Plants
• Shibasaki: Multifunctional Asymmetric Catalysis
• Janda: New Directions in Immunopharmacotherapy.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Natural Products have been important sources of useful drugs from prehistoric times to the present. This book gives an overview about this field and provides important recent contributions to the discovery of new drugs generated by research on natural products. Total synthesis of natural products with interesting biological activities is paving the way for the preparation of new and improved analogs. The methods of combinatorial chemistry permit the selection of the best drug from a large number of candidates. Beyond synthesis and evaluation of organic molecules a number of new bioorganic methods are coming to the fore and will be discucced in this isue of the ERnst schering Research Foundation workshop proceedings.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Development of bio-functional middle molecules.-
• 1. Introduction.-
• 2. Total Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and 3D Structural Analysis of Cyclodepsipeptide Natural Products.-
• 3. Development of the Middle-size Molecules for Alkylation to Higher-Order Structures of Nucleic Acids.-
• 4. In Situ Synthesis of Glycoconjugates on Cell Surface: Selective Cell Imaging Using Low-Affinity Glycan Ligands.-
• 5. Assembled mid-sized agents that control intracellular protein-protein interactions.-
• 6. Macrocyclic mid-sized peptides with new chemical modalities.- Part II: Achievement of highly efficient synthesis of bioactive middle molecules.-
• 7. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cotylenin.-
• 8. Flow Chemistry for the Construction of Polycyclic Skeleton.-
• 9. Electrochemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides as Middle-sized Molecules.-
• 10. Efficient Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides based on Micro-flow Amide Bond Formation.-
• 11. Design and Concise De Novo Synthesis of Artemisinin Analogs.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book highlights recently discovered aspects of "middle-size molecules, " focusing on (1) their unique bio-functions on the basis of derivatives and conjugates of natural products, saccharides, peptides, and nucleotides; (2) the synthesis of structurally complex natural products; (3) special synthetic methods for -conjugated functional molecules; and (4) novel synthetic methods using flow chemistry. Given its scope, the book is of interest to industrial researchers and graduate students in the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter-I: Steric and stereoelectronic control of molecular structures and organic reactions
• 1.
• Influence of steric effects on structures
• 2.
• Influence of stereoelectronic effects on reactions
• 3.
• Evaluation of the numerical value of anomeric effect
• 4.
• Influence of anomeric effect on conformational preferences
• 5.
• Influence of anomeric effect on conformational Reactivities
• 6.
• Conformations of mono and dithioacetals
• 7.
• Conformations of mono and diazaacetals
• 8.
• Antiperiplanar effects arising from C-Si, C-Ge and C-Sn bonds Chapter-II. Reactions at saturated and unsaturated carbons
• 1.
• Inter and intramolecular reactions at saturated carbons
• 2.
• Intermolecular reactions of epoxides
• 3.
• Intramolecular reactions of epoxides
• 4.
• Baldwin's rules for ring closure at saturated and unsaturated Carbons
• 5.
• SN2' reaction (reaction at unsaturated carbon)
• 6.
• SN2 reactions of cyclopropanes activated by two geminal carbonyl groups
• 7.
• Reactions involving consecutive intramolecular SN2 reactions leading to rearrangement
• 8.
• Dual activation for skeletal rearrangement
• 9.
• Solvolysis with neighbouring group participation
• 10. Rearrangement originating from oxiranes under Lewis acid conditions
• 11. Rearrangement via classical vs non-classical carbocations
• 12. Tandem skeletal changes and polyene cyclization
• 13. Application of Baldwin's 5-exo-trig cyclization
• 14. Stereocontrol in multi-cyclisation
• 15. Reaction at sp carbon
• 16. Beckman rearrangement
• 17. Curtius rearrangement
• Chapter-III: Diastereoselectivity in organic reactions
• 1.
• Cram's model for asymmetric synthesis
• 2.
• Anh-Felkin modification of Cram's model for asymmetric synthesis
• 3.
• Cieplak's model for diastereoselectivity
• 4.
• Houk's transition state and electrostatic models for diastereoselectivity
• 5.
• Cation coordination model for diastereoselectivity
• Chapter-IV: A(1,2) and A(1,3) strains
• 1.
• Introduction
• 2.
• A(1,2) strain
• 3.
• Stereocontrol in reactions on account of A(1,2) strain
• 4.
• A(1,3) strain
• 5.
• Stereocontrol in reactions on account of A(1,3) strain
• 6.
• A(1,3) strain in amides and its consequences on diastereoselectivity
• Chapter-V: The conservation of orbital symmetry (Woodward-Hoffmann rules)
• 1.
• Introduction
• 2.
• Orbitals and symmetry considerations
• 0. 2 + 2 reaction
• 3.
• Electrocyclic ring closure and ring opening reactions
• 1. 4 + 2 reaction (Diels-Alder cycloaddition reaction)
• Chapter-VI: The overlap component of the stereoelectronic factor vis-a-vis the conservation of orbital symmetry rules
• 1.
• Introduction
• 2.
• Steric effects in the thermal fragmentation of cis-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-dihydropyridazine
• 3.
• Orbital overlap effects in the thermal fragmentation of cyclopropanated and cyclobutanated cis-3,6-dimethyl-3,6-dihydropyridazine
• 4.
• Orbital overlap effects in [1,5]-sigmatropic shifts
• 5.
• Difficulties experienced with the [1,5]-sigmatropic shift in cyclobutanated species
• Chapter VII: Torquoselectivity of conrotatory ring opening in 3-substituted cyclobutenes
• 1. Activation Barrier Approach to Torquoselectivity
• 2.
• TS-NBO Approach to Torquoselectivity
• 3.
• Conformational effects on Torquoselectivity
• Chapter-VIII: Hammett Substituent Constants
• 1. Hammett substituent constants for benzoic acids ( m and p)
• 2. Hammett substituent constants for phenylacetic and 3-arylpropionic acids
• 3. Hammett substituent constants and free energy relationship
• 4. Hammett substituent constants and reaction pathway assessment
• 5. Hammett substituent constants + and -
• 6. Hammett substituent constants and ester hydrolysis mechanism
• Chapter-IX. Relative aromaticity of pyrrole, furan, thiophene and selenophene, and their Diels-Alder stereoselectivity
• 1.
• Introduction
• 2.
• Heteroatom lone pair interaction with the ring p bonds in the ground state
• 3.
• DA reactions of pyrrole, furan, thiophene and selenophene with maleic anhydride
• 4.
• 4.1. DA reactions of cyclopentadiene, silole and germole with maleic anhydride
• 4.2 DA reactions of cyclopentadiene, silole and germole with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile and
• acetylene
• 5.1. DA reactions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cycloheptadiene with maleic anhydride
• 5.2. DA reactions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cycloheptadiene with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile and
• acetylene
• 6. DA reactions of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,3-cyclooctadiene-6-yne with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile and acetylene
• 7. Evaluation of the allylic interaction in the DA reactions of acyclic dienes
• 8. DA reactions of 6-oxa-, 6-aza-, 6-thia- and 6-selena-1,3-cycloheptadiene with maleic anhydride
• 9. DA reactions of 2,3-cyclopropano-, 2,3-cyclobutano- and 2,3-cyclopentano-6-oxa-1,3-cycloheptadienes with maleic anhydride
• 10. DA reactions of benzene, pyridine and 1,4-diazine with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile and acetylene
• 11. DA reactions of naphthalene, 1-azanaphthalene and 1,4-diazanaphthalene with cyclopropene
• 12. DA reactions of anthracene, 9-azaanthracene and 9,10-diazaanthracene with cyclopropene
• 13. DA reactions of benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile
• 14. Deformation energy considerations in the DA reactions of five-membered heterocycles with acetylene-1,2-bisnitrile
• 15. DA reactions of thiophene 1,1-dioxide with maleic anhydride
• 16. Reaction profile and solvent effects on the diastereoselectivity of DA reactions of five-membered heterocycles with maleic anhydride
• Chapter-X: Miscellaneous
• 1.
• Spiroconjugation
• 2.
• Periselectivity
• 3.
• Ambident nucleophiles
• 4.
• Ambident electrophiles
• 0. -Effect
• 5.
• Carbenes
• 6.
• Hammond postulate
• 7.
• Curtin-Hammett principle
• 8.
• Diastereotopic, homotopic, and enantiotopic substituents
• 9.
• Captodative effect.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In this second edition, the author has thoroughly updated each chapter and expanded the content with addition of three new chapters. This book comments on several key aspects of stereochemical control of organic reactions in measured detail to allow the reader easily grasp these concepts. In addition, emphasis is given to key information and important aspects of steric and stereoelectronic effects and their control on conformational profile and reactivity features. This book is not only an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students studying the stereochemical aspects of organic reactions, but also a good reference book for all organic chemists in both industry and academia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry and Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 2 Organic Molecules and Functional Groups
• Chapter 3 Nomenclature of Organic Molecules
• Chapter 4 Acids And Bases
• Chapter 5 Understanding Organic Reactions
• Chapter 6 Stereochemistry
• Chapter 7 Amino Acids And Proteins
• Chapter 8 Carbohydrates
• Chapter 9 Alcohols And Ethers
• Chapter 10 Spectroscopy.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Basic Organic Chemistry discusses the basic concept of chemistry as well as organic chemistry. It includes detailed description of organic molecules, functional groups and the nomenclature of the organic molecules. This book also discusses the notion of acids and bases and stereochemistry of the organic molecules along with the description of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, alcohol and ethers. It provides the reader with the insights of basic organic chemistry so as to understand the basic organic reactions and the application of spectroscopy to study organic molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Esters from CO2.- Synthesis of Carbonates from Alcohols and CO2.- Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO2.- Synthesis of Lactones and Other Heterocycles.- Synthesis of Ureas from CO2 Homogeneous Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen.- Photo- and Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide Using Earth Abundant Molecular Catalysts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cavitation and chemical reactivity (serving as Introduction, ca. 12-15 pp) including acoustic power measurements.- Efficient organic synthesis: what ultrasound makes it easier (ca. 15-20 pp) .- Sonication in neoteric solvents. A further look at synthetic plans (ca. 10-12 pp) .- Chemical modifications of renewable precursors: biomass valorization (ca. 10-12 pp) .- Gone with flow: miniaturization and safer chemistry (ca. 10-12 pp) .- Ultrasound as mechanical force (ca. 10-12 pp) .- Hybrid technologies in action: the US-MW reactor as prototype (ca. 10-12 pp) .- Scaling-up : Enabling the full potential of industrial applications of Ultrasound (ca. 10-12 pp)
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides informative, useful, and stimulating reading on the topic of organic sonochemistry - the core of ultrasound-based applications. Given the increasing interest in new and improved technologies, allied to their green and sustainable character (not always a valid premise), there is a great attraction for organic chemists to apply these protocols in synthesis and process chemistry. Unfortunately, as with other enabling technologies, many researchers new to the field have received a simple and dishonest message: just switch on! Therefore a significant portion of sonochemical syntheses lack reproducibility (surprisingly cavitation control and/or ultrasonic parameters are omitted) and the actual role of sonication remains uncertain. While this book does not provide a detailed description of fundamentals, the introductory remarks highlight the importance of cavitational effects and their experimental control. It presents a number of concepts of sonochemical reactivity and empirical rules with pertinent examples, often from classical and recent literature. It then focuses on scenarios of current interest where organic chemistry, and synthesis in particular, may benefit from sonication in terms of both chemical and mechanical activation. The "sustainable corner" of this field is largely exemplified through concepts like atom economy, renewable sources, wasteless syntheses, and benign solvents as reaction media. This book is useful for both researchers and graduate students, especially those familiar with the field of sonochemistry and applications of ultrasound in general. However, it is also of interest to a broader audience as it discusses the fundamentals, techniques, and experimental skills necessary for scientists wishing to initiate the use of ultrasound in their domain of expertise.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The search for anticancer agents from tropical plants.- Chemistry and biology of Mexican medicinal plants.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The first review describes examples of very promising compounds discovered from plants acquired from Africa, Southeast Asia, the Americas, and the Caribbean region with potential anticancer activity. These include plant secondary metabolites of the diphyllin lignan, penta[b]benzofuran, triterpenoid, and tropane alkaloid types. The second review presents 40 more erythrinan alkaloids, which were either new or were missed out in the last major reviews, bringing to a total of 154 known erythrinan alkaloids known to date. The reported pharmacological activities of the new and known alkaloids showed a greater bias towards central nervous system and related activities. Other prominent activities reported were antifeedant or insecticidal, cytotoxicity/anti tumor/anti cancer/estrogenic, antiprotozoal, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activities.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I- CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
• 1. Sesquiterpene lactones. Overview (V. Sulsen, V. Martino - Argentina)
• 2. Taxonomy (G. Giberti)
• 3. Biosynthesis and biotechnology (M. Perassolo, J. Rodriguez Talou- Argentina)
• 4. Chemistry (Francis Barrios - USA)
• 4.1. Synthesis of sesquiterpene lactones
• 4.2. Chemical transformation of sesquiterpene lactones
• 5. Analytical procedures (V. Sulsen, V. Martino, C. Catalan - Argentina-- S.M. Adekenov- Kazakhstan)
• 5.1. Extraction and isolation
• 5.2. Identification. Spectroscopic methods
• PART II- BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
• 6. Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities (S. Cazorla, A. Bivona, N. Cerny - Argentina)
• 7. Mode of action of sesquiterpene lactones on Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. , (E. Lombardo, M. Sosa, E. Lozano, P. Barrera, R. Spina - Argentina)
• 7.1. Molecular targets
• 7.2. Contribution of microscopy for understanding the mechanism of action of sesquiterpene lactones
• 8. Effect of sesquiterpene lactones on other microorganisms (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiplasmodial) (authorship to confirm)
• 9. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities (C. Anesini, R. Martino - Argentina)
• 10. Anti-inflammatory activity (M.R. Alonso)
• PART III- SESQUITERPENE LACTONES: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY APPROACH
• 11. Structure-activity relationship (T. Schmidt - Germany)
• 11.1. Structure -antiprotozoal activity relationship
• 11.2. Structure -antiproliferative activity relationship
• 11.3. Structure -anti-inflammatory activity relationship (authorship to confirm).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book addresses chemical and biological aspects related to sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Experts in different fields have been invited to contribute on this class of compound's chemistry, isolation and identification, biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative and antiinflammatory), synthesis, biosynthesis, derivatization and QSAR analysis. Taxonomic and chemotaxonomic aspects related to the Asteraceae family are also contributed. The book begins by describing the chemical characteristics of STLs, their classification in different skeleton types, synthesis, distribution in nature and their most important biological properties. An overview of the group's main representatives, based on their importance for human health, as well as an update of the most recently isolated STLs, follow. The authors also provide an overview of the most common methods described in the literature for the extraction, purification, identification and structure elucidation of STLs, while also highlighting more recently developed methods. Furthermore, experts in the field provide an in-depth discussion of the most commonly employed in vitro and in vivo antiprotozoal assays against the different stages of parasites, as well as STLs' properties as anticancer agents in numerous cancer cell lines and animal models. Lastly, the book presents examples of the in vitro and in vivo activity of STLs and their mechanism of antiprotozoal action, together with an analysis of ultrastructural alterations, observed using TEM techniques. The book is aimed at scientists working on natural products: both those investigating this particular group of compounds and those who wish to further explore its potential as new drugs for medical conditions such as protozoal diseases and cancer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1: Laboratory Safety
• Chapter 2: Laboratory Notebook
• Chapter 3: Laboratory Equipment
• Chapter 4: Basic Laboratory Operations
• Chapter 5: Determining Physical and Spectroscopic Properties
• Chapter 6: Functional-Group Analysis
• Chapter 7: Basic Operation Experiments
• Chapter 8: Organic Synthesis Experiments
• Chapter 9: Advanced Organic Synthesis Experiments
• Chapter 10: Microscale
• Chapter 11: Microscale Experiments
• Chapter 12: Green Chemistry
• Chapter 13: Green Chemistry Experiments.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 8.6. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution of an Ester: Methyl Benzoate Nitration
• 8.7. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr): Preparation of a Synthetic Detergent
• 8.8. Synthesis of azo Dyes: Methyl Orange
• 8.9. Auto-Oxidation-Reduction of Aromatic Aldehydes: Cannizzaro Reaction
• 8.10. Synthesis of α, ß-unsaturated Ketones: Claisen-Schmidt Reaction
• 8.11. Saponification Reaction: Preparation of Soap from Vegetable Oil
• 8.12. Esterification: Synthesis of Aspirin
• 8.13. Difunctional Compound Chemoselectivity: Reduction of 4-nitroacetophenone
• 8.14. Perkin Reaction: Cinnamic Acid Synthesis
• 8.15. Synthesis of Imide: Preparation of N-(p-Chlorophenyl)-maleimide
• 8.16. Condensation Polymerization Reaction: Synthesis of Nylon 6,6
• 8.17. Radical Polymerization: Producing Polystyrene
• 8.18. Multistep Synthesis of a Drug: Paracetamol
• 8.19. Multistep Synthesis of an Anesthetic: Preparation of Benzocaine
• 8.20. Using Protecting Groups: Multistep Synthesis of p-nitroaniline
• 8.21. References
• Chapter 9: Advanced Organic Synthesis Experiments
• 9.1. Reductive Amination: Producing (±)-α-methylbenzylamine
• 9.2. Chiral Resolution: (±)-α-methylbenzylamine
• 9.3. Stereospecific Synthesis of Glycols: Preparationof trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol
• 9.4. Reactivity of Carbenes: Preparation of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo [4.1.0] Heptane
• 9.5. Regioselective Halogenations: Bromation of α-methylstyrene
• 9.6. Oxidative Coupling of Alkynes: The Glaser-Eglinton-Hay Coupling
• 9.7. Diels-Alder Reactions: Butadiene and Maleic Anhydride
• 9.8. Wittig Reaction: 4-Vinylbenzoic Acid Synthesis
• 9.9. Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol (Triphenylcarbinol).

• 11.5. Methylketone Reactivity: Acetophenone Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite
• 11.6. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr): Preparation of 4-methyl-3- and 4-methyl-2-nitroacetanilide from 4-methylaniline
• 11.7. Sandmeyer Reaction: 2-iodobenzoic Acid Synthesis
• 11.8. Synthesis of a Carbohydrate Derivative: Preparation of 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranose
• 11.9. Free-Radical Halogenation: 9-bromoanthracene Preparation
• 11.10. Alkylbenzene Oxidation: Reactivity of Alkyl Groups in Aromatic Compounds with KMnO4
• 11.11. Reduction of Anthraquinone: Anthrone Synthesis
• 11.12. Compounds for the Fragrance Industry: Ester Synthesis
• 11.13. Tandem Transesterification-esterification: Wintergreen Oil from Aspirin Tablets
• 11.14. Polyfunctional Molecule Reactivity: Vanillin Transformations
• 11.15. Multistep Synthesis of N-Heterocycles: Triphenylpyridine Preparation
• 11.16. Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles: 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrrole by Paal-Knorr Reaction
• 11.17. References
• Chapter 12: Green Chemistry
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
• 12.3. Goals of Green Chemistry
• 12.4. Parameters to Evaluate Chemical Processes
• 12.5. Green Chemistry for Undergraduate Laboratories
• 12.6. References
• Chapter 13: Green Chemistry Experiments
• 13.1. Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Producing Adipic Acid with H2O2/Na2WO4
• 13.2. Halogen Addition to Alkenes: Addition of Bromine to Cyclohexene
• 13.3. Green Epoxidation: Cyclohexene Reaction with Oxone®.

• 9.10. Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis of Acetylferrocene
• 9.11. Chemoselectivity: Cinnamaldehyde Reduction with LiAlH4
• 9.12. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr):1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene
• 9.13. Hofmann Rearrangement: Synthesis of 2-aminobenzoic Acid (Anthranilic Acid)
• 9.14. Radical Coupling: Synthesis of Pinacol Andpinacolone
• 9.15. Synthesis of a Heterocyclic Drug: n-butyl-barbituricacid
• 9.16. Transformations of Hydroxy Ketone: Synthesis and Reactions of Benzoin
• 9.17. Enamines as Reaction Intermediates: Producing 2-acetylcyclohexanone
• 9.18. N-Heterocycle Synthesis: Producing Benzotriazol
• 9.19. Synthesis of Macrocycles: Preparation of Calix[4]pyrrole
• 9.20. Preparation of a Sports Dietary Supplement: Creatine Synthesis
• 9.21. Claisen Condensation: Synthesis of Ethyl Acetoacetate
• 9.22. Terpene Transformation: Citral Conversionin α- and ß-ionone
• 9.23. Carbohydrates: Diisopropylidene Derivative of Glucose
• 9.24. Preparation of a Nucleoside: Multistep Synthesis of Uridine Derivative
• 9.25. References
• Chapter 10: Microscale
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. the Scales in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory
• 10.3. Pros of Working at the Microscale
• 10.4. Specific Microscale Lab Equipment
• 10.5. Microscale Laboratory Techniques
• 10.6. References
• Chapter 11: Microscale Experiments
• 11.1. Addition of HX to Alkenes: Synthesis of 2-bromohexane
• 11.2. Production of Margarine: Partial Hydrogenation of a Vegetable Oil with Cyclohexene and Pd(C)
• 11.3. Isomerization of Alkenes: Derivatives of Fumaric Acid from Maleic Acid
• 11.4. Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction: Ethyliodide from Ethanol.

Experimental Organic Chemistry: Laboratory Manual is designed as a primer to initiate students in Organic Chemistry laboratory work. Organic Chemistry is an eminently experimental science that is based on a well-established theoretical framework where the basic aspects are well established but at the same time are under constant development. Therefore, it is essential for future professionals to develop a strong background in the laboratory as soon as possible, forming good habits from the outset and developing the necessary skills to address the challenges of the experimental work. This book is divided into three parts. In the first, safety issues in laboratories are addressed, offering tips for keeping laboratory notebooks. In the second, the material, the main basic laboratory procedures, preparation of samples for different spectroscopic techniques, Microscale, Green Chemistry, and qualitative organic analysis are described. The third part consists of a collection of 84 experiments, divided into 5 modules and arranged according to complexity. The last two chapters are devoted to the practices at Microscale Synthesis and Green Chemistry, seeking alternatives to traditional Organic Chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Green Chemistry.- Principles of Green Chemistry.- Organic Reactions in Water.- Microwave Assisted Amination Reaction: A Green Approach.- Green Reactions under Solvent-Free Conditions.- Solid State Green Organic Reactions.- Green in Analytical Chemistry.- Green in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.- Green Organocatalysis.- Environmentally Benign Organic solvent: A Green Approach.- Green Chemistry on C-H Activation.- Atom Economic Green Organic Reactions.- Green Nano Catalysts in Organic Synthesis.- Visible light Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis: A Green Perspective.- Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents.- The Role of Continuous Flow Processing in the Development of Green Chemical Syntheses.- Green Chemistry of Recoverable Catalysts.- Green Lewis Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions.- Supercritical Fluids as Green Solvents.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents important developments and applications of green chemistry, especially in the field of organic chemistry. The chapters give a brief account of green organic reactions in water, green organic reactions using microwave and in solvent-free conditions. In depth discussions on the green aspects of ionic liquids, flow reactions, and recoverable catalysts are provided in this book. An exclusive chapter devoted to green Lewis acid is also included. The potential of supercritical fluids as green solvents in various areas of organic reactions is explained as well. This book will be a valuable reference for beginners as well as advanced researchers interested in green organic chemistry. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Enzymology of Milk and Dairy Products: Overview
• 2. The plasmin system in milk and dairy products
• 3. Lysosomal and other indigenous non-plasmin proteases in bovine milk
• 4. Phosphatases in milk
• 5. Antimicrobial enzymes in milk, and their role in human milk
• 6. Enzymes associated with milk phospholipid membrane structures: Milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles
• 7. Milk and other glycosidases
• 8. The enzymology of non-bovine milk
• 9. The enzymology of human milk
• 10. Lipases from milk and other sources
• 11. Heat-stable Microbial Peptidases Associated with the Microbiota of Raw Milk
• 12. The heat stability of indigenous and bacterial enzymes in milk
• 13. The role of proteases in the stability of UHT-treated Milk
• 14. Milk-clotting enzymes
• 15. Enzymology of cheese ripening
• 16. Enzyme modified cheese
• 17. Enzymatic Protein Cross-Linking in Dairy Science and Technology
• 18. The production of bioactive peptides from milk proteins
• 19. Reducing allergenicity by proteolysis
• 20. Final thoughts, future perspectives, and emerging enzymes.

The enzymology of milk and other products is of enormous significance for the production and quality of almost every dairy product. Milk itself is a complex biological fluid that contains a wide range of enzymes with diverse activities, some of which have identifiable functions while others are present as an accidental consequence of the mechanism of milk secretion. Over time milk enzymology has become an incredibly essential component of milk and other dairy product production, and with advancing technology and processing techniques, its importance is at its peak. Dairy Enzymology presents an expansive overview of the enzymology of milk and other dairy products, focusing on the use of indigenous and endogenous enzymes in milk and exogenous enzymes in cheese processing. A full section is dedicated to the enzymology of bovine milk, focusing on the main families of indigenous enzymes as well as their potential significance in the mammary gland plus the technological significance for the properties of dairy products. Implications for the manufacture and ripening of cheese plus the use of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase for measuring heat treatment in milk are explored in full, and the role of milk protease plasmin and other indigenous enzymes in the age-gelation is focused on. Further sections focus on enzymes found in raw milk and enzymes deliberately added for manufacture or modification of properties and the manufacture of food ingredients from dairy-derived ingredients. The key bacterial families are discussed in depth as well as their known contributions to the quality of dairy products. With its comprehensive scope and fully up-to-date coverage of dairy product enzymology, this text is a singular source for researchers looking to understand this essential dairy processing aspect.

• Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites
• An Introduction to Bioactive Natural Products and General Applications
• Plant Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
• The Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Cure
• Role of Stress and Defense in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production
• Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities
• Antibacterial and Antifungal Plant Metabolites from the Tropical Medicinal Plants
• Capillary Electrophoresis: A New Evolutionary Platform of Plant Secondary Metabolites
• Camptothecin: Occurrence, Chemistry and Mode of Action
• Secondary Metabolites from Plant Sources
• Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Fenugreek Gum
• Antimicrobial Application Potential of Phytoconstituents from Turmeric and Garlic
• Carvacrol (Origanum vulgare): Therapeutic Properties and Molecular Mechanisms
• Pharmaceutical Application of Bio-actives from Alstonia Genus: Current Findings and Future Directions
• Role of Natural Bio-active Compounds as Antidiabetic Agents
• An Overview of the Bioactivities of Gedunin
• Biological Activities of Marine Products and Nutritional Importance
• Cardiac Tissue Engineering: A Role for Natural Biomaterials
• The Importance of Natural Products in Cosmetics
• Encapsulation of Bioactive Compound and Its Therapeutic Potential
• Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted from Natural Plants and Their Versatile Application
• Piperine: Sources, Properties, Applications, and Biotechnological Production
• Protein and Enzymes Isolated from Plant Sources and Their Utilization in Pharmaceutical Field
• Advances and Perspectives of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid as a Bioactive Compound in Food
• Medicinal Attribution of Ginsenoside: A Huge Source of Plant Bioactive Compound.

This book covers the recent innovations relating to various bioactive natural products (such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, polysaccharides, tannins and polyphenolic compounds, volatile oils, fixed oils, fats and waxes, proteins and peptides, vitamins, marine products, camptothecin, piperines, carvacrol, gedunin, GABA, ginsenosides) and their applications in the pharmaceutical fields related to academic, research and industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Food Powders Bulk Properties Banu Koc1, Mehmet Koc2, Ulas Baysan2
• 1Gaziantep University, Fine Arts, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
• 2Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 09010, Aydin, Turkey
• 2 Food Powders Particle Properties Ulas Baysan1, Mehmet Koc1, Banu Koc2
• 1Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 09010, Aydin, Turkey
• 2Gaziantep University, Fine Arts, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
• 3 Adhesion of Food Powders Ertan Ermis
• Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali Cad. No:2, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
• 4 Characterization of the caking behaviour of food powders John J. Fitzpatrick
• Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
• 5 Characterisation of the rehydration behaviour of food powders John J. Fitzpatrick1, Junfu Ji2, Song Miao3
• 1Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
• 2College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
• 3Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
• 6 Anticaking Additives for Food Powders Emine Yapici1, Burcu Karakuzu-Ikizler1, Sevil Yucel1
• 1Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
• 7 Modification of Food Powders Nasim Kian-Pour1, Duygu Ozmen1, Omer Said Toker1
• 1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
• 8 Powders from Fruit Waste Sahithi Murakonda1, Madhuresh Dwivedi1
• 1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
• 9 The Microbiological Safety of Food Powders Rifna E J1, Madhuresh Dwivedi1
• 1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food powders are an increasingly important aspect of processed food worldwide. Essential factors such as ease of storage and transport and usage convenience have greatly benefited the food industry and promise further advancements in processing techniques. Food powders can be stored for a longer period of time than other food products, making them essential for food supply in many regions of the world. There have been numerous research works on food powders properties and characterization, but there has not been an updated comprehensive review in this field. Food Powders Properties and Characterization is designed as an essential reference for individuals in the food industry and academia seeking a singular source that covers most of the basic aspects of food powders. With chapters focusing on the general properties of food powders, characterization of particle and bulk properties, adhesion and surface properties, this text presents comprehensive and fully up to date coverage of this challenging and important field. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis: An Introduction
• Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
• FLP Reduction of Carbon Monoxide and Related Reactions
• FLP-Mediated C-H-Activation
• Mechanistic Insight into the Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
• Lewis Acidic Boranes in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
• Heterogeneous Catalysis by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
• Lewis Acid−Base Pairs for Polymerization Catalysis: Recent Progress and Perspectives
• Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Transition Metals
• Radicals in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
• Frustrated Lewis Pair Pedagogy: Expanding Core Undergraduate Curriculum and Reinforcing Fundamental Thermodynamic Concepts
• Correction to: Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Transition Metals.

This volume highlights the latest research in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry and its applications. The contributions present the recent developments of the use of FLPs in asymmetric catalysis, polymer synthesis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, as well as demonstrating their use as a pedagogical tool. The book will be of interest to researchers in academia and industry alike.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Metal-matrix composites
• Nanocomposites (nanoscale + nanoreinforcements)
• Novel composites and coatings.

This collection brings together engineers, scientists, scholars, and entrepreneurs to present their novel and innovative contributions in the domain specific to metal-matrix composites and on aspects specific to modeling, analysis, measurements, and observations specific to microstructural advances. Topics include but are not limited to: * Metals and metal-matrix composites * Nano-metal based composites * Intermetallic-based composites Contributions in the above topics connect to applications in industry-relevant areas: automotive, energy applications, aerospace, failure analysis, biomedical and healthcare, and heavy equipment and machinery. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• From the content: Alder ene reaction.-Aldol condensation.-Algar-Flynn-Oyamada reaction.-Allan-Robinson reaction.-Arndt-Eistert homologation.-Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.-Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement.-Bamford-Stevens reaction.-Baran reagents.-Barbier reaction.-Bargellini reaction.-Bartoli indole synthesis.-Barton radical decarboxylation.-Barton-McCombie deoxygenation.-Barton nitrite photolysis.-Barton-Zard reaction.-Batcho-Leimgruber indole synthesis.-Baylis-Hillman reaction.-Beckmann rearrangement.-Abnormal Beckmann rearrangement.-Beirut reaction.-Benzilic acid rearrangement.-Benzoin condensation.-Bergman cyclization.-Biginelli reaction.-Birch reduction.-Bischler-Moehlau indole synthesis.-Bischler-Napieralski reaction.-Blaise reaction.-Blum-Ittah aziridine synthesis.-Boekelheide reaction.-Boger pyridine synthesis.-Borch reductive amination.-Borsche-Drechsel cyclization.-Boulton-Katritzky rearrangement.-Bouveault aldehyde synthesis.-Bouveault-Blanc reduction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In this sixth edition of Jack Jie Li's seminal "Name Reactions", the author has added three or more synthetic applications of name reactions to reflect the recent advances in organic chemistry. As in previous editions, each reaction is delineated by its detailed step-by-step, electron-pushing mechanism and supplemented with the original and the latest references, especially from review articles. This book is not only an indispensable resource for advanced undergraduate and graduate students for learning and preparing exams, but is also a good reference book for all organic chemists in both industry and academia. Unlike other books on name reactions in organic chemistry, Name Reactions, A Collection of Detailed Reaction Mechanisms and Synthetic Applications focuses on the reaction mechanisms. It covers over 300 classical as well as contemporary name reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Nuclear Chemistry
• 2. Radioactivity
• 3. Nuclear Reaction
• 4. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
• 5. Ionization Counters
• 6. Scintillation Counter
• 7. Non-conventional Detection Techniques
• 8. Sample Preparation for Counting
• 9. Factors Affecting the Counting Efficiency
• 10. Identification of Radioactive Isotopes
• 11. Statistics of Counting
• 12. Health Hazards and Protection
• 13. Radiochemical Separation Techniques
• 14. Hot Atom-Nuclear Reaction. .

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for core courses offered to postgraduate students enrolled in chemistry. This book can also be used as a core or supplementary text for nuclear chemistry courses offered to students of chemical engineering. The book covers various topics of nuclear chemistry like Shell model, fission/fusion reaction, natural radioactive equilibrium series, nuclear reactions carried by various types of accelerators. In addition, it describes the law of decay of radioactivity, type of decay, and interaction of radiation with matter. It explains the difference between ionization counter, scintillation counter and solid state detector. This book also consists of end-of-book problems to help readers aid self-learning. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for postgraduate students and researchers enrolled in various chemistry and engineering courses. This book will also be beneficial for industry professionals in the allied fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1.
• Chemistry and Functionality of Phenolipids
• 2.
• Chemistry, Functionality, and Techno-applications of Pheno-phospholipids
• 3.
• Chemistry and Functionality of Lipo-phenolics.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Natural phenolics are powerful bioactive compounds, but their use as antioxidant agents in lipid-based foodstuffs and cosmetics is limited due to their hydrophilic traits. A promising technique to overcome low solubility of phenolics is to increase their hydrophobicity by grafting with lipophilic moiety to form lipid-enriched phenolics (lipo-phenolics). Another way to enhance the amphiphilic traits of phenolics is by lipophilization with phospholipids in a suitable solvent to form phenolics-enriched phospholipids (pheno-phospholipids). Both functionalized phenolics (phenolipids) exhibit high bioavailability and antioxidative potential. Functional phenolics-enriched phospholipids (pheno-phospholipids) play an important role in enhancing the functional properties of both phenolic compounds and phospholipids in food for their use in nutrition and health. Phenolipids have also found applications on an industrial scale, likely due to low costs, the availability of starting material and safety. Recent advances in the field of lipophilization allow accessing molecules with high potency and targeted action covering a wide spectrum of bioactivities. Owing to their cost and availability, phenolipids find applications in niche sectors such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics as well as in the novel food. This book reports on the chemistry, preparation, and functionality of lipid-enriched phenolics (lipo-phenolics), broadening their applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The strategies of the lipophilization of phenolics, the effect of modification on the biological properties and potential applications of the resulting lipo-phenolics are reviewed. The text also discusses the preparation, physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of phenolipids and phytosomes, including the latest developments and their current industrial status.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1
• Introduction
• 2
• Compounds
• 3
• Ligularia Species
• 3.1
• Ligularia virgaurea (Maximowicz) Mattfeld ex Rehder & Kobuski
• 3.2
• Ligularia dentata (A. Gray) H. Hara
• 3.3
• Ligularia japonica (Thunberg) Lessing
• 3.4
• Ligularia hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.5
• Ligularia atroviolacea (Franchet) Handel-Mazetti
• 3.6
• Ligularia kanaitzensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.7
• Ligularia intermedia Nakai
• 3.8
• Ligularia vellerea (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.9
• Ligularia wilsoniana (Hemsley) Greenman
• 3.10
• Ligularia melanothyrsa Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.11
• Ligularia lapathifolia (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.12
• Ligularia macrophylla (Ledebour) Candolle
• 3.13
• Ligularia knorringiana Pojarkova (= L. thyrsoidea) and Ligularia narynensis (C. Winkler) O. Fedtschenko & B. Fedtschenko
• 3.14
• Ligularia rumicifolia S. W. Liu
• 3.15
• Ligularia songarica (Fischer) Y. Ling
• 3.16
• Ligularia stenocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura & Koidzumi
• 3.17
• Ligularia alticola Voroschilov
• 3.18
• Ligularia brassicoides Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.19
• Ligularia caloxantha (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.20
• Ligularia przewalskii (Maximowicz) Diels
• 3.21
• Ligularia sagitta (Maximowicz) Mattfield ex Rehder & Kobuski
• 3.22
• Ligularia pleurocaulis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.23
• Ligularia fischeri (Ledebour) Turczaninow, Ligularia anoleuca Handel-Mazzetti, and Ligularia veitchiana (Hemsley) Greenman
• 3.24
• Ligularia cyathiceps Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.25
• Ligularia cymbulifera (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.26
• Ligularia dictyoneura (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.27
• Ligularia duciformis (C. Winkler) Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia konkalingensis Handel-Mazzetti, Ligularia nelumbifolia (Bureau & Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti, and Ligularia limprichtii (Diels) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.28
• Ligularia hodgsonii J. D. Hooker
• 3.29
• Ligularia lamarum (Diels) C. C. Chang and Ligularia subspicata (Bureau & Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.30
• Ligularia lankongensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.31
• Ligularia latihastata (W. W. Smith) Handel-Mazzetti and Ligularia villosa (Handel-Mazzetti) S. W. Liu
• 3.32
• Ligularia longihastata Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.33
• Ligularia oligonema Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.34
• Ligularia tongolensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.35
• Ligularia tsangchanensis (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti
• 3.36
• Ligularia yunnanensis (Franchet) C. C. Chang
• 3.37
• Hybrid
• 3.38
• Further Ligularia I: L. altaica Candolle, L. dolichobotrys Diels, L. dolichobotrys Diels, L. franchetiana (H. Leveille) Handel-Mazzetti, L. persica Boissier, L. speciosa Fischer et Meyer, L. thyrsoidea (Ledebour) Candolle
• 3.39
• Further Ligularia II: L. achyrotricha (Diels) Y. Ling, L. nanchuanica S. W. Liu, L. purdomii (Turrill) Chittenden, L. odontomanes Handel-Mazzetti, L. sibirica (Linnaeus) Cassini, L. thomsonii (C. B. Clarke) Pojarkova
• 3.40
• Further Ligularia III: L. angusta (Nakai) Kitamura, L. calthifolia Maximowicz, L. fauriei (Franchet) Koidzumi, L. hiberniflorum (Makino) Kitamura, L. kangtingensis S. W. Liu, L. lingiana S. W. Liu, L. myriocephala Y. Ling ex S. W. Liu, L. platyglossa (Franchet) Handel-Mazzetti, L. schmidtii (Maximowicz) Makino
• 3.41
• Further Ligularia IV: L. brachyphylla Handel- Mazzetti (= L. lathihastata), L. caltaefolia (Maximowicz) Diels, L. clivorum Maximowicz (= L. dentata), L. sachalinensis Nakai, L. tangutica (Maximowicz) Bergmans, L. trichocephala (Maximowicz) Matsumura et Koidzumi, L. vorobierii Worosh
• 4
• Genetic Analyses
• 5
• Synthesis Aspects
• 5.1
• Synthesis of Ligularol = Petasalbin, Ligularone, and Related Compounds
• 5.2
• Synthesis of Tetrahydroligularenolide Using Biogenetic Type Rearrangement
• 5.3
• Synthesis of Furanoeremophilan-15,6-olide
• 5.4
• Synthesis of Isopetasol
• 5.5
• Synthesis of Eremophila-9,11-dien-8-one, Dehydrofukinone, and Furanoeremophilanes
• 5.6
• Synthesis of Eremoligenol and Eremophilone
• 5.7
• Synthesis of Eremophiladienes
• 5.8
• Synthesis of Fukinone and Related Compounds
• 5.9
• Synthesis of Eremohiladiene
• 5.10 Synthesis of 6-Hydroxyeuryopsin
• 5.11 Synthesis of 3b-Angeloyloxyfuranoeremophilane
• 5.12 Synthesis of Ligularone and Isoligularone
• 5.13 Synthesis of (-)-(R)-Ligularenolide and (-)-(R)-PF1092C
• 5.14 Synthesis of Nootkatone
• 5.15 Synthesis of Cacalol
• 5.16 Synthesis of Noreremophilanes
• 5.17 Synthesis of Bakkane Type Sesquiterpenoids
• 5.18 Synthesis of Bisabolane Type Sesquiterpenoids
• 5.19 Synthesis of Nelumol A
• 6
• Biological Activities Acknowledgement
• Acknowledgements
• References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In this book, chemical studies are described mainly from literature reports appearing since 2000, inclusive of investigations performed by the present authors, on the diversity in secondary metabolites of Ligularia growing in the Hengduan Mountains area of China, focusing on eremophilane sesquiterpenoids and other metabolites. More than 100 Ligularia species and their related genera in the plant family Senecioneae plants (Cremanthodium, Cacalia, Senecio, and others) grow in East Asia. For many years, researchers have studied the chemical constituents of these plants, and terpenoids, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, and aromatic compounds have been isolated. Among these, in particular, numerous sesquiterpenoids were reported. Within this book terpenoids and aromatic compounds (total 1049), both previously unknown and known, are presented. Finally, genetic studies and synthesis investigations are briefly reviewed. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants in myanmar
• New techniques of structure elucidation for sesquiterpenes
• Human endogenous natural products.

This book describes current understandings and recent progress in four areas: in the first one, the cytochalasans, a group of fungal derived natural products characterized by a perhydro-isoindolone core fused with a macrocyclic ring are shown to exhibit high structural diversity and a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The second one is dedicated to a description of bioactive compounds from the medicinal plants of Myanmar, the third one is dedicated to new structure elucidation techniques in the field of sesquiterpenes. The last one discusses the endogenous natural products that are produced by human cells including endogenous amines, steroids, and fatty acid derived natural products. The co-metabolism and natural product production of the human microbiome is also described including tryptophan, bile acids, choline, and cysteine.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Total Synthesis of Decanolides (Nonanolides) with a Special Focus on Olefin Metathesis
• From Plant to Patient: Thapsigargin
• Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans and Neolignans
• Cryptolepine as a Lead to new Antiprotozoal Agents
• Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of the Genus Xanthium.

This book describes current understandings and recent progress into a varied group of natural products. In the first chapter the role that total synthesis may play in revising the structures proposed for decanolides, which are ten-membered lactones found primarily in fungi, frogs, and termites is presented. The following chapter presents the development of the intriguing plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, thapsigargin, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, SERCA (sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase), which has potential as a lead compound to treat cancer. The third chapter covers the potential of various plant phenolic compounds for treating the tropical and sub-tropical infectious disease, leishmaniasis. In addition the volume presents recent advances related to the plant alkaloid, cryptolepine, which is of particular interest as a lead for the treatment of malaria, trypanosomiasis, and cancer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part One: History of sensorial analysis and quality determination in coffee production: evolution and techniques Part Two: Sensorial techniques and tools used in coffee production Part Three: The relationship between fruit microbiology and coffee quality: climatic factors and sensorial analysis Part Four: Biotechnological processes in coffee production: applicability of induced and spontaneous routes from the manipulation of raw material Part Five: Volatile coffee compounds and gas chromatography techniques .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Quality Determinants In Coffee Production presents a comprehensive overview of the main determinants of coffee quality during processing. Authored by members of the Laboratory for Analysis and Research in Coffee at the Federal Institute of Espirito Santo, the chapters in this text explain how coffee quality can be affected through each step of the main processing methods. The first section explores the history of coffee processing, covering how the processes and techniques of sensorial analysis have developed. The second section covers the evolution of these techniques and how various complexities can affect their use, plus the statistical tools that are used to increase test accuracy. Another section focuses on the relationship between fruit microbiology and coffee quality, promoting an understanding of how yeasts, fungi and bacteria effect the quality of coffee during processing. Another section is dedicated to the biotechnological processes used in coffee production, including the applicability of induced and spontaneous routes from the manipulation of raw material, the relationship between wet processing and spontaneous fermentation and the construction of sensorial routes. A final section explores volatile coffee compounds and gas chromatography techniques, including chemical and sensory maps. The majority of the reference works published on coffee processing have a pragmatic approach covering production, harvesting, post-harvesting and marketing. This work goes beyond these subjects, covering the factors that impact quality and how they lead to either qualitative reduction or gains during processing. New technological and scientific indicators for the modification and the creation of sensory routes are extensively covered, as are the international protocols used in the sensorial analysis of coffee. With its broad approach, this text presents a multidisciplinary perspective connecting areas such as statistics, biochemistry, analytical chemistry and microbiology to the results of sensory analysis using different technologies and processes. A direct relationship between these factors is established in order to help researchers understand their combined effect on coffee quality during processing. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction - bioactive compounds and elements in human nutrition
• 2. Application of liquid chromatography for the analysis of flavonoids in food - an overview
• 3. Phenolic compounds in coffee and tea beverages
• 4. Methylxanthines in food products
• 5. Carotenoids as food products components and health promoting agents
• 6. Tocochromanols
• 7. Cyclitols - determination in food and bioactivity in the human organism
• 8. Capsaicinoids - properties and mechanisms of pro-health action
• 9. Dietary indoleamines: bioavailability and human health
• 10. Bioactive peptides analysis
• 11. Determination of antioxidant biomarkers in biological fluids
• 12. Speciation analysis of food products
• 13. Two sides of selenium. Occurrence and determination of selenium forms in food and environmental samples using analytical methods.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Most bioactive compounds have antioxidant activity, particularly tocochromanols, phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), methylxantines and capsaicinoids. Some of these compounds have also other properties important for human health. For example, vitamin E protects against oxidative stress, but it is also known for its "non-antioxidant" functions, including cell signalling and antiproliferation. Selenium compounds and indoleamins are the components of the antioxidant enzymes. Selenium makes vitamin E acquisition easier and controls its physiological functions. In taking part in enzymatic reactions and protecting the cell against free radicals, selenium shows immunomodulative, antiphlogistic, and antiviral activity. Capsaicinoids possess not only antioxidant, but also antibacterial, analgesic, weight-reducing and thermoregulation properties. Studies have also demonstrated their gastroprotective and anticancer properties. Analytical Methods in the Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Elements in Food explores both the influence of particular compounds on human health and the methods used for their determination. Chapters describe various aspects of food and plant analysis, including chromatographic and non-chromatographic approaches as well as hyphenated techniques. Readers of this book will gain a comprehensive understanding of the important groups of bioactive compounds relevant to human health.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1
• Introduction to black cumin (Nigella sative): Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• Section 1. Nigella sative seeds: Cultivation, Composition and Applications
• 2
• Effect of cultivation, fertilization and irrigation practices on Nigella sative yield and quality
• 3
• Morphological characters of Nigella sativa
• 4
• Micro and macroscopic characterization of traded Nigella sativa seeds using applied systematics techniques
• 5
• Composition of Nigella sativa seeds
• 6
• Nigella sativa seed peptides (Thionins)
• 7
• Black cumin polysaccharides
• 8
• Thymoquinone: Chemistry and cunctionality
• 9
• Novel Prospective of Nigella sativa Essential Oil Analysis, Culinary and Medicinal Uses
• 10
• Rediscovering Nigella Seeds Bioactives Chemical Composition using Metabolomics Technologies
• 11
• Health promoting activities of Nigella sativa seeds
• 12
• Nigella sativa seed extract in green synthesis and nanocomposite
• 13
• Food applications of Nigella sative seeds
• 14
• Nutraceutical importance and applications of Nigella sativa seed flour
• 15
• Nigella sativa seed cake: nutraceutical significance and applications in the food and cosmetic industry
• 16
• Nigella sative seeds in cosmetic products
• 17
• Nigella sativa supplementation in ruminant diets: production, health, and environmental perspectives
• 18
• Nigella sativa seeds and its derivatives in poultry feed
• 19
• Nigella sative Seeds and Its Derivatives in Fish Feed
• Section 2: Nigella sative fixed oil: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 20
• Composition and Functionality of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 21
• Effect of processing on the composition and quality of Nigella sativa fixed oil
• 22
• Food applications of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 23
• Health-Promoting Activities of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 24
• Micro- and Nano-encapsulation of Nigella sativa Oil
• 25
• Biodiesel Production Potential of Nigella sativa Oil
• Section 3: Nigella sative essential oil: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 26
• Composition and functionality of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 27
• Effect of processing on the composition and quality of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 28
• Food applications of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 29
• Health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa essential oil
• Section 4: Nigella sative seed extracts: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 30
• Composition and Functionality of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts
• 31
• Nigella sativa seed extracts in functional foods and nutraceutical applications
• 32
• Health promoting activities of Nigella sativa seed extracts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Recent developments in the field of nutrition have led to increased interest in herbs and medicinal plants as phytochemical-rich sources for functional food, nutraceuticals, and drugs. As research sheds light on the therapeutic potential of various bioactive phytochemicals, the demand for plant extracts and oils has increased. Black cumin or black seeds (Nigella sativa) have particularly widespread nutritional and medicinal applications. In traditional medicine, black seeds are used to manage fatigue and chronic headache. Black seed oil is used as an antiseptic and analgesic remedy and for treatment of joint's pain and stiffness and can be mixed with sesame oil to treat dermatosis, abdominal disorders, cough, headache, fever, liver ailments, jaundice, sore eyes, and hemorrhoids. Thymoquinone, the main constituent in black seed volatile oil, has been shown to suppress carcinogenesis. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications presents in detail the chemical composition, therapeutic properties, and functionality of high-value oils, phytochemicals, nutrients, and volatiles of the Nigella sativa seed. Organized by formulation (seeds, fixed oil, essential oil, and extracts), chapters break this seed down into its chemical constituents and explore their role in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, novel food, natural drugs, and feed. Following numerous reports on the health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa, this is the first comprehensive presentation of the functional, nutritional, and pharmacological traits of Nigella sativa seeds and seed oil constituents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction of Carotenoids
• 2.
• Chemistry of Carotenoids
• 3.
• Synthesis of Carotenoids
• 4.
• Apocarotenoids
• 5.
• Processing of carotenoids
• 6.
• Stability of carotenoids
• 7.
• Carotenoid analysis
• 8.
• Carotenoids Metabolism
• 9.
• Fortification of carotenoids
• 10. Carotenoids as antioxidants
• 11. Carotenoids as anticancer agents
• 12. Carotenoids as antidiabetic agents
• 13. Carotenoids in liver and lung diseases
• 14. Eye Sight and Carotenoids
• 15. Role of Carotenoids in Neurological Diseases
• 16. Carotenoids in women and infant health
• 17. Carotenoids roe in cardiovascular diseases
• 18. Application of Carotenoids in Cosmetics
• 19. Carotenoids as Coloring Agents
• 20. Provitamin A Carotenoids
• 21. Commercialization and marketing potential of carotenoids
• 22. Future trends and research dimensions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Plants produce chemicals as part of their normal metabolic activities. These include primary metabolites found in all plants, such as sugars and fats, as well as secondary metabolites, which can have therapeutic effects in humans and be refined to produce drugs. Plants synthesize a bewildering variety of phytochemicals, but most are derivatives of a few biochemical motifs. Numerous herbal-derived substances have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These include alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, plant pigments and flavonoids. Flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins are probably the best known of these substances due to their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body presents comprehensive coverage of carotenoids. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this organic pigment, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential. The authors approach carotenoids from a range of perspectives, from their structural and physicochemical properties to their distribution in nature, interaction with the human metabolism, and use as a coloring agent in various products. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health-related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in carotenoid research are also presented. This book provides a solid background in carotenoids for researchers and professionals in food science, food technology, nutrition, biology, chemistry and medical sciences.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1
• Chemical classification of polyphenols, sources and effects on human health
• 2
• Glucosinolates
• 3
• Peptides and proteins
• 4
• Dietary fibre
• 5
• Lipids
• 6
• Marine Bioactives
• 7
• Requirements of Bioactive Compounds for Health Claims
• 8
• Food and plant bioactives for reducing cardiovascular disease risk
• 9
• Bioactives for neuronal and immune functions
• 10
• Bioactives functionalization and interactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bioactive natural compounds have gained attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These benefits derive from bioactive compounds' anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities, which serve in addition to their basic nutritional functions. Over the last decade, researchers have investigated the health impact of bioactive compounds in detail, and the development of food applications has attracted great interest. Consumer demand has surged for functional foods (nutraceuticals), superfoods, and tailor-made foods, generated by supplementing traditional food products with bioactive ingredients. Food Bioactives and Health offers comprehensive coverage of the properties and health effects of food bioactives in view of new trends in processing, food science and food technology. Starting with the metabolic characteristics of polyphenols, glucosinolates, and other food bioactives, the text then dives into their impact on human health and recent applications in the world of food technology. For food scientists, food technologists, and product developers looking to understand the role of food bioactives in health and develop applications in personalized nutrition, functional foods and nutraceuticals, Food Bioactives and Health serves as a one-stop reference. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Green Chemistry Learning Objectives A Brief History of Green Chemistry Some Common Descriptions of Green Chemistry Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Learning Objectives Introduction The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry Learning Objectives About Innovation in General and in Green Chemistry About Thinking in General and for the Green Chemistry Innovations Examples of Innovations in Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions "on Water" Learning Objectives Types of Reactions in the Aqueous Medium and the Associated Nomenclature Examples of on Water Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water Learning Objectives About Water: A Brief Review Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium Organic Reactions in Superheated Water: An Overview Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green "Solventless" Organic Reactions Learning Objectives Another Green Chemistry Paradigm Shift: Organic Reactions May Not Need a Solvent to Occur Definition of Solventless Reactions and the Related Nomenclature Solventless Reactions That Are Based on the Melting Behavior of the Reaction Mixtures: Innovative Aspects of This Method A New Look at the Familiar Concepts of Melting Point and Eutectic Point, and Their Relevant Phase Diagrams Green Chemistry Challenges with Respect to the Solventless Reactions Examples of Solventless Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State Learning Objectives Solid-State Reactions Other Than Those That Occur via the Melted State Solid-State Photochemical Reactions Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Reactions Rearrangement Reactions in the Solid State Synthetic Scope of the Solid-State Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Learning Objectives Engineering and Its Branches Green Engineering and Its 12 Principles Comparison of Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Sustainability as Related to Green Engineering Types of Thinking That Are Useful in Green Engineering: Systems and Holistic Thinking Conclusions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Chemical Industry and Its Greening Learning Objectives Introduction: Scope of Chemical Industry and the Objectives of This Chapter Products of Polymer Industry Types of Polymers Affect Polymer Properties Greening of the Chemical Industry Green Chemistry Metrics Summary Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry Learning Objectives An Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Industry Often Has Difficulties in Meeting Green Chemistry Goals Greening of the Pharmaceutical Industry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry Learning Objectives Application of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry to Analytical Chemistry Green Analytical Chemistry and Its Specialized Green Principles Greening of Analytical Chemistry Summary Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry Learning Objectives A Brief Overview of the Objectives of Environmental Chemistry Relationship between the Environmental and Green Chemistry Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Environmental Pollutants Development of Ecofriendly Chemicals in Response to the Findings of Environmental Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Greening Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiments Learning Objectives A Brief Survey of the Literature Sources on Green Organic Laboratory Experiments Selected Methods of Greening Organic Laboratory Experiments Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments. The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such as Engineering The chemical industry The pharmaceutical industry Analytical chemistry Environmental chemistry Each chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included. By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Allelopathy : The Chemical Language of Plants / Francisco A. Macías, Alexandra G. Durán, and José M. G. Molinillo
• The Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Hypericum / Chuan-Yun Xiao, Qing Mu, and Simon Gibbons
• Taccalonolide Microtubule Stabilizers / Samantha S. Yee, Lin Du, and April L. Risinger.

The first chapter describes the oldest method of communication between living systems in Nature, the chemical language. Plants, due to their lack of mobility, have developed the most sophisticated way of chemical communication. Despite that many examples involve this chemical communication process - allelopathy, there is still a lack of information about specific allelochemicals released into the environment, their purpose, as well as in-depth studies on the chemistry underground. These findings are critical to gain a better understanding of the role of these compounds and open up a wide range of possibilities and applications, especially in agriculture and phytomedicine. The most relevant aspects regarding the chemical language of plants, namely, kind of allelochemicals have been investigated, as well as their releasing mechanisms and their purpose, are described in this chapter. The second chapter is focused on the natural products obtained from Hypericum L., a genus of the family Hypericaceae within the dicotyledones. Hypericum has been valued for its important biological and chemical properties and its use in the treatment of depression and as an antibacterial has been well documented in primary literature and ethnobotanical reports. The present contribution gives a comprehensive summary of the chemical constituents and biological effects of this genus. A comprehensive account of the chemical constituents including phloroglucinol derivatives, xanthones, dianthrones, and flavonoids is included. These compounds show a diverse range of biological activities that include antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidepressant-like, and antinociceptive effects. The third chapter addresses microtubule stabilizers, which are a mainstay in the treatment of many solid cancers and are often used in combination with molecularly targeted anticancer agents and immunotherapeutics. The taccalonolides are a unique class of such microtubule stabilizers isolated from plants of Tacca species that circumvent clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance. Although initial reports suggested that the microtubule stabilizing activity of the taccalonolides is independent of direct tubulin binding, additional studies have found that potent C-22,23 epoxidated taccalonolides covalently bind the Aspartate 226 residue of -tubulin and that this interaction is critical for their microtubule stabilizing activity. Some taccalonolides have demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy in drug-resistant tumor models with exquisite potency and long-lasting antitumor efficacy as a result of their irreversible target engagement. The recent identification of a site on the taccalonolide scaffold that is amenable to modification has provided evidence of the specificity of the taccalonolide-tubulin interaction and the opportunity to further optimize the targeted delivery of the taccalonolides to further improve their anticancer efficacy and potential for clinical development. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data) The first chapter describes the oldest method of communication between living systems in Nature, the chemical language. Plants, due to their lack of mobility, have developed the most sophisticated way of chemical communication. Despite that many examples involve this chemical communication process - allelopathy, there is still a lack of information about specific allelochemicals released into the environment, their purpose, as well as in-depth studies on the chemistry underground. These findings are critical to gain a better understanding of the role of these compounds and open up a wide range of possibilities and applications, especially in agriculture and phytomedicine. The most relevant aspects regarding the chemical language of plants, namely, kind of allelochemicals have been investigated, as well as their releasing mechanisms and their purpose, will be described in this chapter. The second chapter is focused on the natural products obtained from Hypericum L., a genus of the family Hypericaceae within the dicotyledones. Hypericum has been valued for its important biological and chemical properties and its use in the treatment of depression and as an antibacterial has been well documented in primary literature and ethnobotanical reports. The present contribution gives a comprehensive summary of the chemical constituents and biological effects of this genus. A comprehensive account of the chemical constituents including phloroglucinol derivatives, xanthones, dianthrones, and flavonoids is included. These compounds show a diverse range of biological activities that include antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antidepressant-like, and antinociceptive effects. The third chapter addresses microtubule stabilizers, which are a mainstay in the treatment of many solid cancers and are often used in combination with molecularly targeted anticancer agents and immunotherapeutics. The taccalonolides are a unique class of such microtubule stabilizers isolated from plants of Tacca species that circumvent clinically relevant mechanisms of drug resistance. Although initial reports suggested that the microtubule stabilizing activity of the taccalonolides is independent of direct tubulin binding, additional studies have found that potent C-22,23 epoxidated taccalonolides covalently bind the Aspartate 226 residue of β-tubulin and that this interaction is critical for their microtubule stabilizing activity. Some taccalonolides have demonstrated in vivo antitumor efficacy in drug-resistant tumor models with exquisite potency and long-lasting antitumor efficacy as a result of their irreversible target engagement. The recent identification of a site on the taccalonolide scaffold that is amenable to modification has provided evidence of the specificity of the taccalonolide-tubulin interaction and the opportunity to further optimize the targeted delivery of the taccalonolides to further improve their anticancer efficacy and potential for clinical development.

• Introduction: Origins of Cannabis Research.- Part One: The Tying of Early CBD Bonds.- Part Two: CBD and the Tying of Later Bonds.- Epilogue: The Future Bonds of CBD.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book traces the global chemical history of cannabidiol (CBD), which is a compound that originates partially from hemp (the fiber), marijuana (the popularized term for medicinal/recreational use), and cannabis (the species sativa). It also argues about the position that CBD is in today and the heritage established by chemists over the course of its development. Each term associated with the plant spans centuries of development and cross-culturally became an object of cultivation and commerce. Humans have explored cannabis' complex chemical possibilities with the hope that it would offer pain relief or some type of mind-numbing portal to other existences. As such the trio and their many incarnations have been and will continue to be an integral part of the past, the present, and the future. Known as cannabis compound cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of the drug, it is one of some 100-plus known cannabinoids; offshoots of the original plant that are isolated and, in some cases, chemically altered. Just as with any supposed pharmaceutical marvel, chemists are at the center of this narrative. In order to understand its historical roots, central to CBD's discovery was the efforts of scientists who worked in separate eras and regions. These included, Americans Roger Adams and Allyn Howlett, and the Bulgarian-born Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam, along with a throng of others. They influenced a generation of students and changed the face of cannabis research into the 21st century. What does its history tell us about the future of chemical products like CBD? This brief will explore the chemical heritage that formed across a complicated nexus of global events. These are the bonds that tie.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Mitosis Inhibitors and Medicinal Plants - Neurotoxicity and Neuroprotection.-Chapter 2.The Neurotrophic and Neuroprotective Potential of Macrofungi.-
• Chapter 3. Andrographolide, a Diterpene from Andrographis paniculata, and Its Influence on the Progression of Neurodegenerative Disorders.-
• Chapter 4 Ginseng: A Boon or a Curse to Neurodegenerative Diseases.-
• Chapter 5 Insights into Mechanisms and Models for Studying Neurological Adverse Events Mediated by Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Clinical Drugs and Illicit Substances of Herbal and Fungal Origin.-
• Chapter 6 Cannabis Induced Neuroactivity: Research Trends and Commercial Prospects.-
• Chapter 7 Neurotoxicity of Polyherbal Formulations: Challenges and Potential Solutions.-
• Chapter 8 Balancing the Neuroprotective Versus Neurotoxic Effects of Cannabis.-
• Chapter 9 Alpha-Synuclein: Biomarker for Parkinson's Disease, It's Estimation Methods and Targeted Medicinal Therapies.-
• Chapter 10 Screening of Herbal Medicines for Neurotoxicity: Principles and Methods.-
• Chapter 11 Plants with Phytomolecules Recognized by Receptors in The Central Nervous.-
• Chapter 12 Reserpine Induced Depression and Other Neurotoxicity: A Monoaminergic Hypothesis.-
• Chapter 13 Traditional Medicinal Plants of Sri Lanka and Their Derivatives of Benefit to the Nervous System.-
• Chapter 14 Ameliorative Effects of Shodhana (Purification) Procedures on Neurotoxicity Caused by Ayurvedic Drugs of Mineral and Herbal Origin.-
• Chapter 15 St. John's Wort: A Therapeutic Herb to be Cautioned for Its Potential Neurotoxic Effects and Major Drug Interactions.-
• Chapter 16. Neurotoxic Potential of Alkaloids from Thorn Apple (Datura stramonium L.) - A Commonly Used Indian Folk Medicinal Herb.-
• Chapter 17 Medicinal Plants in Uganda as Potential Therapeutics Against Neurological Disorders.-
• Chapter 18 Ayurvedic Ideology on Rasapanchak Based Cognitive Drug Intervention.-
• Chapter 19 Neurotoxic Medicinal Plants of Indian Himalayan Regions: An Overview.- Chapter 20.Neuroprotective Effects of Portulaca oleracea and Portulaca quadrifida Linn. .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The ever-rising increase in the consumption of medicinal herbs and its products and its exposure in the human population have generated concerns about the potential neurotoxicity of several new and existing botanicals. This book offers an accurate, relevant, and comprehensive coverage of a wide variety of medicinal herbs and fungi affecting the central and peripheral nervous system. It includes review articles that thoroughly describe the benefits and adverse effects of some of the most commonly used medicinal herbs and fungi, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying them. The book provides an all-inclusive overview of the diverse aspects of medicinal herbs and fungi related to neurotoxicity and/or neuroprotection, ranging from discussions of cellular and molecular processes and pathology to clinical aspects. The rich compilation brings together thorough and extensive research updates on the advances in the field. The chapters have been contributed by the experienced and eminent academicians, researchers, and scientists working in the field across the globe. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• About the Authors vii Preface ix Introduction xi Toshio Fuchigami
• 1 Fundamental Principles of Organic Electrochemistry: Fundamental Aspects of Electrochemistry Dealing with Organic Molecules 1 Mahito Atobe
• 2 Method for Study of Organic Electrochemistry: Electrochemical Measurements of Organic Molecules 11 Mahito Atobe
• 3 Methods for Organic Electrosynthesis 33 Toshio Fuchigami
• 4 Organic Electrode Reactions 45 Toshio Fuchigami
• 5 Organic Electrosynthesis 83 Toshio Fuchigami and Shinsuke Inagi
• 6 New Methodology of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis 129 Toshio Fuchigami, Mahito Atobe and Shinsuke Inagi
• 7 Related Fields of Organic Electrochemistry 187 Shinsuke Inagi and Toshio Fuchigami
• 8 Examples of Commercialized Organic Electrode Processes 199 Toshio Fuchigami Appendix A: Examples of Organic Electrosynthesis 209 Appendix B: Tables of Physical Data 217 Index 223.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook is an accessible overview of the broad field of organic electrochemistry, covering the fundamentals and applications of contemporary organic electrochemistry. The book begins with an introduction to the fundamental aspects of electrode electron transfer and methods for the electrochemical measurement of organic molecules. It then goes on to discuss organic electrosynthesis of molecules and macromolecules, including detailed experimental information for the electrochemical synthesis of organic compounds and conducting polymers. Later chapters highlight new methodology for organic electrochemical synthesis, for example electrolysis in ionic liquids, the application to organic electronic devices such as solar cells and LEDs, and examples of commercialized organic electrode processes. Appendices present useful supplementary information including experimental examples of organic electrosynthesis, and tables of physical data (redox potentials of various organic solvents and organic compounds and physical properties of various organic solvents).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Carbohydrates as Stereo differentiating Auxiliaries.- Boron-Containing Chiral Auxiliaries.- Oxazolidinones and Related Heterocycles as Chiral Auxiliaries/ Evans- and Post-Evans Auxiliaries.- Pyrrolidines as Chiral Auxiliaries.- Synthesis and Utility of Hetero- and Non-heterocyclic Chiral Auxiliaries Derived from Terpenes: Camphor and Pinene.- Heterocyclic Chiral Auxiliaries in Total Synthesis of Natural Products. .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The series Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry presents critical reviews on present and future trends in the research of heterocyclic compounds. Overall the scope is to cover topics dealing with all areas within heterocyclic chemistry, both experimental and theoretical, of interest to the general heterocyclic chemistry community. The series consists of topic related volumes edited by renowned editors with contributions of experts in the field. All chapters from Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry are published Online First with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Heterocycl Chem and cited as a journal.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrin A-F by the Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Conjugated Diynes with Pyrroles
• 3. Construction of the Pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole Core of Spiroindoline Alkaloids by Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Ynamide.

This book explores efficient syntheses of indole alkaloids based on gold-catalyzed cascade cyclizations, presenting two strategies for total synthesis of these natural products based on gold-catalyzed reactions of conjugated diyne or ynamide. The book first describes the total and formal synthesis of dictyodendrins A-F based on direct construction of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core using the gold-catalyzed annulation of azido-diynes and protected pyrrole. This synthetic strategy features late-stage functionalization of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole scaffold at several positions and allows diverse access to dictyodendrins and their derivatives. Secondly, the book discusses the formal synthesis of vindorosine based on the pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole construction using the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of ynamide. Importantly, the reaction using a chiral gold complex provides the optically active pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole. This strategy facilitates the rapid construction of the pyrrolocarbazole core structure of aspidosperma and related alkaloids, including vindorosine. These methodologies can accelerate the medicinal application of pyrrolocarbazole-type alkaloids and related compounds.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Volume 1. Part I. Supramolecular assemblies based on crown ethers and cyclophanes ; Water-soluble aromatic crown ethers / Ling Chen and Yu Liu
• Polypseudorotaxanes constructed by crown ethers / Hong-Guang Fu, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Host-guest chemistry of a tetracationic cyclophane, namely, cyclobis (paraquat-p-phenylene) / Hao Li, Tianyu Jiao, and Libo Shen
• Mechanically self-locked molecules / Sheng-Hua Li, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Photoluminescent crown ether assembly / Yan Zhou, Bang-Tun Zhao, and Yu Liu
• Part II. Supramolecular assemblies based on macrocyclic arenes ; Triptycene-derived macrocyclic arenes / Ying Han and Chuan-Feng Chen
• Emerging macrocyclic arenes related to calixarenes and pillararenes / Dihua Dai, Jia-Rui Wu, and Ying-Wei Yang
• Supramolecular medicine of diverse calixarene derivatives / Jie Gao and Dong-Sheng Guo
• Preparation of biosensor based on supermolecular recognization / Jingjing Jiang, Xinyi Lin, and Guowang Diao
• Application of anion-[lowercase Greek]Pi interaction on supramolecular self-assembly / De-Xian Wang
• Functional rotaxanes / Cai-Xin Zhao, Qi Zhang, Gábor London, and Da-Hui Qu
• Biphen[[italic]n]arenes : synthesis and host-guest properties / Bin Li, Yiliang Wang, and Chunju Li
• Pillararene-based supramolecular polymer / Xuan Wu, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu

• Volume 1. (cont.) Part III. Supramolecular assemblies based on cyclodextrins ; Functionalized cyclodextrins and their applications in biodelivery / Jiang Liu, Peng Yu, Matthieu Sollogoub, and Yongmin Zhang
• Cyclodextrin hybrid inorganic nanocomposites for molecular recognition, selective adsorption, and drug delivery / Wenting Liang and Shaomin Shuang
• Photoresponsive supramolecular polymers based on host-guest interactions / Fan Gu and Xiang Ma
• Cyclodextrin-based supramolecular hydrogel / Qian Zhao, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Supramolecular photochirogenesis with cyclodextrin / Jiabin Yao, Yoshihisa Inoue, and Cheng Yang
• Construction and applications of cyclodextrin polymers in biology / Yao-Hua Liu, Heng-Yi Zhang, and Yu Liu
• Construction and biomedical application of magnetic supramolecular assemblies / Qilin Yu, Yong Chen, Bing Zhang, Ying-Ming Zhang, and Yu Liu
• Supramolecular assembly constructed from multi-charged cyclodextrin-induced aggregation / Pei-Yu Li, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Cyclodextrins-based shape memory polymers and self-healing polymers / Sheng Zhang, Shi-Lin Zeng, and Bang-Jing Li
• Part IV. Supramolecular assemblies based on cucurbiturils ; Stimuli-responsive self-assembly based on macrocyclic hosts and biomedical applications / Weipeng Mao and Da Ma
• Modulation of chemical and biological properties of biomedically relevant guest molecules by cucurbituril-type hosts / Hang Yin, Ziyi Wang, and Ruibing Wang
• Self-assembled two-dimensional organic layers in solution phase based on cucurbit[8]uril-mediated host-guest interactions / Shu-Yan Jiang and Xin Zhao
• CB[[italic]n]-based coordination chemistry / Rui Han Gao and Zhu Tao
• Biological systems involving cucurbituril / Fengbo Liu and Simin Liu
• Cucurbiturils-based pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes / Zhi-Yuan Zhang, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Fabrications and applications of cucurbit[8]uril-based supramolecular polymer / Cai-Cai Zhang, Heng-Yi Zhang, and Yu Liu

• Volume 2. Part V. Supramolecular assemblies based on other macrocycles ; Supramolecular catalysis using organic macrocycles / Qi-Qiang Wang
• Constructions and properties of covalent bonds linked porphyrin arrays / Ling Xu, Kaisheng Wang, and Jianxin Song
• Protein self-assembly : strategies and applications / Shanpeng Qiao and Junqiu Liu
• Covalent connection dictates programmable self-assembly of peptides / Xinmou Wang, Shaofeng Lou, and Zhilin Yu
• Naphthol-based macrocycles / Huan Yao and Wei Jiang
• Construction of glyco-nanostructures through the self-assembly of saccharide-containing macrocyclic amphiphiles / Guang Yang and Guosong Chen
• In vivo self-assembly of polypeptide-based nanomaterials / Man-Di Wang, Yan-Qing Huang, and Hao Wang
• Construction of well-defined discrete metallacycles and their biological applications / Xu-Qing Wang, Xi Liu, Wei Wang, and Hai-Bo Yang
• Fabrication and application of cyclodextrin-porphyrin supramolecular system / Feng-Qing Li, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Part VI. Some important approaches in macrocycle-based supramolecular chemistry ; Molecular simulations of supramolecular architectures / Wensheng Cai and Haohao Fu
• Thermodynamic studies of supramolecular systems / Nan Li and Yu Liu
• Spectroscopy studies of macrocyclic supramolecular assembly / Zixin Yang, Hao Tang, and Yu Liu
• Artificial host molecules modifying biomacromolecules / Tian-Guang Zhan and Kang-Da Zhang
• Controllable synthesis of polynuclear metal clusters within macrocycles / Siqi Zhang and Liang Zhao
• Molecular recognition with helical receptors / Dan-Wei Zhang, Hui Wang, and Zhan-Ting Li
• Supramolecular interface for biochemical sensing applications / Xu Yan, Wenwei Pan, Hemi Qu, and Xuexin Duan
• Supramolecular functional complexes constructed by orthogonal self-assembly / Tangxin Xiao, Xiao-Qiang Sun, and Leyong Wang
• Application of macrocycle-based supramolecular assemblies based on aggregation-induced emission / Jing-Jing Li, Yong Chen, Heng-Yi Zhang, Xianyin Dai, and Yu Liu
• Construction and application of lanthanide luminescent materials based on macrocycles / Weilei Zhou, Yong Chen, Lei Chen, and Yu Liu
• Supramolecular 2D nanostructures mediated by macrocyclic host : cyclodextrin, cucurbituril, and pillararene / Ni Cheng and Yu Liu

• Volume 2. (cont.) Part VII. Biological applications ; Responsive supramolecular vesicles based on host-guest recognition for biomedical applications / Mingfang Ma, Pengyao Xing, and Yanli Zhao
• Host-guest sensing by nanopores and nanochannels / Siyun Zhang and Haibing Li
• Drug/gene delivery platform based on supramolecular interactions : hyaluronic acid and folic acid as targeting units / Yang Yang
• Self-assembling peptides for vaccine development and antibody production / Zhongyan Wang, Youzhi Wang, Jie Gao, Yang Shi, and Zhimou Yang
• Macrocycle-based synthetic ion channels / Harekrushna Behera and Jun-Li Hou
• Construction and biomedical applications of macrocycle-based supramolecular topological polymers / Wenzhuo Chen, Chengfei Liu, Xin Song, Xuedong Xiao, Shuai Qiu, and Wei Tian
• Supermolecules as medicinal drugs / Cheng-He Zhou and Yan-Fei Sui
• Nanoscaled cyclodextrin supermolecular system for drug and gene delivery / Xianyin Dai, Yong Chen, and Yu Liu
• Immunity regulation by supramolecular assemblies / Qilin Yu, Yong Chen, Bing Zhang, Nali Zhu, Hangqi Zhu, Henan Wei and Yu Liu
• Industrial applications of cyclodextrins / Qian Wang.

This handbook presents recent advances and offers a comprehensive reference resource covering the developments in and applications of macrocyclic supramolecular assembly, with a focus on their construction, structural characters and biological functions. The main topics addressed include: Construction and structure of macrocyclic supramolecular assembly - key building blocks, construction methods, structural motifs, and stimuli responsive control Approach and technology - controllable synthesis, molecular recognition, spectral and thermodynamic study, supramolecular assembly at interfaces, orthogonal self-assembly, the supramolecular organic framwork (SOF), molecular induced aggregation, supramolecule assisted 3D printing, theoretical calculation and molecular simulation Biological applications - chemical and biological sensing, theranostic tools, molecule/ion channels, drug/gene delivery, supramolecule assisted biomolecule production, supramolecule assisted transmembrane transport, supramolecule assisted immunity regulation, supramolecule-based medicinal drug, etc. This handbook appeals to graduate and undergraduate students as well as scientists with interests in supramolecular chemistry, biochemistry, functional material and nanotechnology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Carbohalogenation Catalyzed by Palladium and Nickel.-
• Chapter 2. Diastereoselective Pd-Catalyzed Aryl Cyanation and Aryl Borylation.-
• Chapter 3. Pd-Catalyzed Spirocyclization via C-H Activation and Benzyne/Alkyne Insertion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations generating functionalized heterocycles. Transition metal catalysis is at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry since it offers new and powerful methods to forge carbon-carbon bonds in high atom- and step-economy. In Chapter 1, the author describes a Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of aryl iodides to alkyl iodides, known as carboiodination. In the context of the Pd-catalyzed variant, the chapter explores the production of enantioenriched carboxamides through diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed carboiodination. It then discusses Ni-catalyzed reactions to generate oxindoles and an enantioselective variant employing a dual ligand system. Chapter 2 introduces readers to a Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective anion-capture cascade. It also examines diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aryl cyanation to synthesize alkyl nitriles, a method that generates high yields of borylated chromans as a single diastereomer, and highlights its synthetic utility. Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a Pd-catalyzed domino process harnessing carbopalladation, C-H activation and -system insertion (benzynes and alkynes) to generate spirocycles. It also describes the mechanistic studies performed on these reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) This book presents Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations generating functionalized heterocycles. Transition metal catalysis is at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry since it offers new and powerful methods to forge carbon-carbon bonds in high atom- and step-economy. In Chapter 1, the author describes a Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of aryl iodides to alkyl iodides, known as carboiodination. In the context of the Pd-catalyzed variant, the chapter explores the production of enantioenriched carboxamides through diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed carboiodination. It then discusses Ni-catalyzed reactions to generate oxindoles and an enantioselective variant employing a dual ligand system. Chapter 2 introduces readers to a Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective anion-capture cascade. It also examines diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aryl cyanation to synthesize alkyl nitriles, a method that generates high yields of borylated chromans as a single diastereomer, and highlights its synthetic utility. Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a Pd-catalyzed domino process harnessing carbopalladation, C-H activation and π-system insertion (benzynes and alkynes) to generate spirocycles. It also describes the mechanistic studies performed on these reactions.

• Table of Contents
• Chapter 1 Biosynthesis, Localisation, and Function of Pectins in Plants 8
• 1.1 Pectin biosynthesis. 8
• 1.2 Localisation of pectins in plants. 11
• 1.3 Pectin functions in plants. 13
• Chapter 2 Pectin Structure. 25
• 2.1 Introduction.. 25
• 2.2 Galacturonans. 28
• 2.2.1 Homogalacturonans. 28
• 2.2.2 Galacturonans substituted with more or less complex side-chains. 31
• 2.3 Rhamnogalacturonan I 35
• 2.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan I backbone. 35
• 2.3.2 Rhamnogalacturonan I side-chains. 37
• 2.3.3 Side-chain intra- and inter-molecular distribution.. 39
• 2.4 Connection between pectin domains. 40
• 2.5 Conclusions. 42
• Chapter 3 Pectin Degrading Enzymes. 50
• 3.1 Introduction.. 50
• 3.2 Homogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. 51
• 3.2.1 Polygalacturonases (PG). 52
• 3.2.2 Pectin and pectate lyases. 55
• 3.2.3 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs). 57
• 3.2.4 Pectin acetylesterases (PAE). 59
• 3.3 Rhamnogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. 61
• 3.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan-hydrolases. 61
• 3.3.2 Rhamnogalacturonan-lyases. 62
• 3.3.3 Rhamnogalacturonan-acetylesterase. 64
• 3.4 Side-chain degrading enzymes. 64
• 3.4.1 Arabinanases and -arabinofuranosidases. 64
• 3.4.2 Galactanases and -galactosidases. 66
• 3.4.3 Feruloylesterases. 68
• 3.5 Synergistic action of pectin degrading enzymes. 69
• 3.6 Conclusion.. 70
• Chapter 4 Isolation and Characterisation of Pectin.. 80
• 4.1 Introduction.. 80
• 4.2 Extraction of pectin.. 82
• 4.2.1 Conventional extraction methods. 83
• 4.2.2 Enzymatic extraction.. 84
• 4.2.3 Microwave-assisted extraction.. 84
• 4.2.4 Ultrasonic extraction.. 85
• 4.2.5 Sub-critical water extraction/accelerated solvent extraction.. 85
• 4.3 Characterisation of pectin.. 86
• 4.3.1 Phenol-sulfuric acid/total carbohydrate assay. 86
• 4.3.2 Galacturonic acid content and degree of methyl esterification (DM). 87
• 4.3.3 Sugar composition.. 89
• 4.3.4 Molar mass and molar mass distribution.. 91
• 4.3.5 Intrinsic viscosity. 94
• 4.3.6 Rheology. 96
• 4.4. Conclusions. 98
• Chapter 5 Emulsification Properties of Pectin.. 107
• 5.1. Introduction.. 107
• 5.2. Role of structural elements on the interfacial activity. 109
• 5.2.1 The role of protein.. 109
• 5.2.2 The role of acetyl and methyl groups. 111
• 5.2.3 The role of molecular weight and side chains. 112
• 5.3. Phenomenology of pectin adsorption at the oil-water interface. 115
• 5.4. Conclusions. 121
• Chapter 6 Edible Films and Coatings with Pectin.. 125
• 6.1. Introduction.. 125
• 6.2. Edible films and coatings from pectins: elaboration and physical properties. 130
• 6.3. Pectin-based films and coatings in food preservation.. 139
• 6.4. Conclusions. 150
• Chapter 7 Pectin Gelation and its Assembly into Functional Materials 159
• 7.1 Introduction.. 159
• 7.1.1 A soft matter exemplar. 159
• 7.1.2 Evolved pectin networks. 160
• 7.1.3 Current human exploitation.. 161
• 7.1.4 Unlocking the potential 161
• 7.2 Making pectin gels. 162
• 7.2.1 Different types of junction zones. 162
• 7.2.2 Different assembly procedures. 167
• 7.2.3 Practical top-tips for making gels. 171
• 7.3 Measuring gel properties. 174
• 7.4 Modelling mechanical properties. 179
• 7.5 Conclusions. 182
• Chapter 8 Digestion and Metabolism of Pectin.. 192
• 8.1.
• Introduction.. 192
• 8.1.1 Pectin as a source of soluble fibre and influence on digestion.. 192
• 8.1.2 Sources of pectin.. 193
• 8.1.3 Processed vs. whole food sources. 195
• 8.2.
• Digestion.. 196
• 8.2.1 Introduction to digestion.. 196
• 8.2.2 Oral, gastric and small intestinal conditions. 198
• 8.3
• Metabolism.. 205
• 8.4
• Conclusions. 206
• Chapter 9 Pectin Bioactivity. 213
• 9.1. Introduction.. 213
• 9.2 Bioactivity of pectins and hydrolysates/derivatives. 214
• 9.2.1 Anticancer activity. 214
• 9.2.2 Immunomodulatory activity. 217
• 9.2.3 Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. 218
• 9.2.4 Gastroprotection and other bioactivities. 220
• 9.3. Structure-function relationship. 223
• 9.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) pectin.. 223
• 9.3.2 Homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) pectins. 225
• 9.3.3 Partially hydrolysed pectins, pectic oligosaccharides, and pectin derivatives. 228
• 9.4 Application of bioactive pectins. 232
• 9.5 Conclusions. 235
• Chapter 10 Pectin as Drug-Release Vehicle. 243
• 10.1. Introduction.. 243
• 10.2 Different drug delivery systems by various administration routes. 244
• 10.2.1. Oral drug delivery system (ODDs). 245
• 10.2.2. Other administration routes. 254
• 10.3. Conclusions. 263.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This text presents the technological and physiological properties of pectin in an educational approach that encompasses all of the essential information a researcher needs to fully understand their function and use in foods. Utilizing basic information on pectin as well as recent technological advances, this book is designed to be the primary resource for individuals seeking out an up to date reference work covering all the necessary informational and functional aspects of pectin. Pectin: technological and physiological properties is the first book to fully focus on the introductory concepts on pectin. Individual chapters cover localization and function, the structural aspects of pectin, pectinases, isolation and characterization and recovery from agricultural wastes. Important current advances such as emulsions, films, digestion, metabolism and bioactive properties are also focused on. With its combination of vital basic information and technological advances, this book presents full and up to date coverage on this pectin and its many forms and uses in foods. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Surfaces, interfaces and recycling from reactive and functional polymers: Editor's insights
• Author: Tomy J. Gutierrez*
• Chapter 2. Surface functionalization of polymers
• Authors: Deval Prasad Bhattaraia, Pashupati Pokharelb*, Dequan Xiaob
• Chapter 3. Surface reactive and active polymers
• Authors: Saeed Ghanooni, Nasser Nikfarjam, Pooyan Makvandi*
• Chapter 4. Polymer interface reactions
• Authors: Michael Cordin, Judith R. Buttler, Thomas Bechtold, Tung Pham*
• Chapter 5. Design of switchable and supramolecular polymers for biointerface applications
• Author: Luanda Lins *
• Chapter 6. Recycling of reactive and functional polymers
• Authors: A.M.M. Saleh*, Reem K. Farag
• Chapter 7. Readily recyclable thermosets based on dynamic covalent bonds
• Authors: Sheng Wang, Songqi Ma*, Jin Zhu
• Chapter 8. A review to guide eco-design of reactive polymer-based materials
• Authors: Emma Delamarche, Valerie Massardier*, Remy Bayard, Edson Dos Santos.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers. Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Four considers surface interactions, modifications and reactions, as well as reactive processes for recycling polymers and their biodegradability and compostability. World renowned researchers from Argentina, Austria, China, Egypt, France, Iran, Italy, Nepal and United States have participated in this book. With its comprehensive scope and up-to-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Role of functional polymers in the compatibilization of polymer blend
• s2. Compatibilization and crosslinking in biodegradable thermoplastic polyester blend
• s3. Crosslinked polymer hydrogel
• s4. Cross-linking of polymers: Rubber vulcanizatio
• n5. Cross-linkable bio and mineral fillers for reactive polymer composites: Processing and characterizatio
• n6. Functional crosslinked hydrogels.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers. Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Two considers the coupling, crosslinking and grafting reactions to improve the compatibility of reactive and functional polymer blends. In this book, world-renowned researchers have participated, including Dr. Sabu Thomas (Editor-in-chief for the journal 'Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects'). With its comprehensive scope and up-to-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Designing Impactful Green and Sustainable Chemistry Workshops for High School Teachers / Wissinger, Jane E., Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States; Knutson, Cassandra M., White Bear Lake High School, White Bear Lake, Minnesota 55110, United States; Javner, Cassidy H., Shakopee High School, Shakopee, Minnesota 55379, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch001
• Educational Tools to Fight for the Planet: Education Is Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight Climate Change / Foy, Gregory P., York College of Pennsylvania, 441 Country Club Road, York, Pennsylvania 17403, United States; Hill Foy, R. Leigh, York Suburban High School, 1800 Hollywood Drive, York, Pennsylvania 17403, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch002
• The Green Fuels Depot: Sustainability, Education, and Undergraduate Research at the Community College / Jarman, Richard H., Department of Chemistry, College of DuPage, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch003
• Building Bridges between Sustainability and Chemistry in Education and Outreach / Larsen, Sarah C., Department of Chemistry, Fleming Hall, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States; Larsen, Russell G., Department of Chemistry, Fleming Hall, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States; Grassian, Vicki H., Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0314, La Jolla, California 92093, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch004
• Greening the Senior High School Chemistry Curriculum: An Action Research Initiative / Linkwitz, Michael, Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium, Bergisch-Gladbach 51429, Germany; Eilks, Ingo, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen 28334, Germany / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch005
• Education for Sustainable Development in High School through Inquiry-Type Socio-Scientific Issues / Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel, Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; Mandler, Daphna, Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch006
• Incorporating Sustainability into Chemistry Education by Teaching through Project-Based Learning / Hugerat, Muhamad, The Academic Arab College for Education in Israel-Haifa, 22 Hahashmal Street, Haifa 33145, P.O. Box 8349, Israel / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch007
• Sustainability and Green Chemistry Education: Innovative and Contextualized Experiences from the Undergraduate Chemistry Courses at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil / Zuin, Vânia Gomes, Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programs in Education and Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís (SP-310), km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil, The University of York, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa, Postgraduate Program in Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch008
• Evolution of an ACS-CEI Award-Winning Undergraduate Course in Catalytic Organic Chemistry / Rousseaux, Sophie A. L., Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada; Dicks, Andrew P., Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch009
• A Holistic Approach to Incorporating Sustainability into Chemistry Education in Israel / Shwartz, Yael, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Eidin, Emil, CREATE for STEM Institute, Michigan State University, 620 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48825, United States; Marchak, Debora, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Kesner, Miri, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Green, Neta Avraham, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Marom, Eldad, Open University, 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808, Ra'ana 43107, Israel; Cahen, David, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Hofstein, Avi, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel, The Arabic Academic College, 22 HeHashmal Street, Haifa 33145, Israel; Dori, Yehudit Judy, Faculty for Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel, School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch010
• Malaysian Experiences of Incorporating Green Chemistry into Teaching and Learning of Chemistry across Secondary and Tertiary Education / Karpudewan, Mageswary, School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch011
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ot001

A key step toward embracing sustainability and green chemistry is educating the next generation of chemists about their importance. To this aim, the ACS-CEI Award for Incorporation of Sustainability into Chemistry Education recognizes exemplary contributions. This two-volume set contains chapters written by recent award winners. This volume explores current efforts across the world to incorporate environmentally conscious material into chemistry curricula. Educators spanning K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms provide perspectives on new developments as well as methods to introduce preservice and current teachers to environmental teaching best practices.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Development of a Student-Centered Environmental Design Competition Focusing on Water Desalination and Purification / Mlynarski, Amy L., Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States; Keleher, Jason J., Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch001
• Using Local Water Resources for Environmental Education and Research / Berger, Michael, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch002
• Analysis of Contaminants in Muddy River Sediment Using XRF and Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry - An Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory and Research Investigation / Berger, Michael, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch003
• Undergraduate Research in Biofuels from Water-Based Feedstocks / Welch, Lindsey A., Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch004
• Integrating Faculty Research into the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum: A CURE Using Porous Composite Materials for Water Remediation / Kissel, Daniel S., Lewis University, One University Parkway, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch005
• Teaching About and Using Novel Complexes for Aqueous Chelation and Water Remediation / Kajy, Marianne, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Mather, Courtney, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Cunningham, Hayden, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Polisano, Kayla, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Le, Coryn, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Al-Hilali, Ahmed, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Pothoof, Justin, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Blackwell, Clay, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Benvenuto, Mark, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch006
• Preparing and Testing Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents from Biodiesel Co-Product Glycerol for Use as Green Solvents in Organic Chemistry Teaching Laboratories / Bumbaugh, Robin E., California State University, Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, California 95929, United States; Ott, Lisa S., California State University, Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, California 95929, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch007
• Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Groundnut Shells / Onawumi, Oluwayemi O. E., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Bello, Olugbenga S., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Amoo, Folake A., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch008
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ot001

The impact of human activities on the environment continues to be an important topic for researchers and students alike. This work provides inspiration for instructors looking for new topics and new ways to integrate environmental chemistry topics into their classrooms and laboratories. With contributions focused on both teaching laboratories and student research, this collection will be useful for faculty teaching environmental science, chemistry, and biology. These examples showcase successful ways to increase student research literacy and engagement as a foundation for life-long learning.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Flash Point
• 2. Autoignition
• 3. Flammability Limit
• 4. Heat of Combustion
• 5. Polymer Flammability
• Problems
• Answers to Problems
• List of Symbols
• Appendix
• References
• Index

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Contents
• Preface
• 1. Introduction
• 2. Semiconductors and Junctions
• 3. Working Mechanisms of Organic and Hybrid Solar Cells
• 4. Characterization Techniques
• 5. Fabrication and Device Lifetime
• 6. Conclusion and Outlook
• Bibliography
• Index

With the increasing world-energy demand there is a growing necessity for clean and renewable energy. The sun being one of the most abundant potential sources accounts for less than 1% of the global energy supply. The market for solar cells is one of the most strongly increasing markets, even though the prize of conventional solar cells is still quite high. New emerging technologies, such as organic and hybrid solar cells have the potential to decrease the price of solar energy drastically. This book offers an introduction to these new types of solar cells and discusses fabrication, different architectures and their device physics on the bases of the author's teaching course on a master degree level. A comparison with conventional solar cells will be given and the specialties of organic solar cells emphasized.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• An Overview of the Catalytic Selective Hydrogenation Technologies of Benzene into Cyclohexene
• Benzene Selective Hydrogenation Thermodynamics, Heterogeneous Catalytic Kinetics Catalysis Mechanism and Scientific Essence
• The First-Generation Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene-Ru-M-B/ZrO2(M=Fe, La) Amorphous Alloys
• The Second-Generation Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene-Ru-Zn-Na2SiO3-PEG-10000
• Third-Generation Catalyst of Benzene Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene--Ru-M (Zn, Mn, Fe, La, Ce) Nano-bimetallic System
• Fourth-Generation Catalyst of Benzene-Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene--Ru-Zn@BZSS Core-Shell Catalyst
• Modulation of Activity and Selectivity of the Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration in Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• The Catalytic Technologies and Key Facilities for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene and Incorporate Device of Its Downstream Products.

This book provides a comprehensive description of the catalytic technologies for selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. Focusing on selective hydrogenation of benzene to prepare cyclohexene and its downstream products, such as cyclohexanone, bulk chemicals and high-value fine chemicals, it also discusses the objective laws, reaction mechanisms and scientific significance based on experimental data, analysis and characterization results. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, senior undergraduates, master's and doctoral graduate students as well as practitioners in industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Nucleation and crystal growth
• X-Ray Birefringence Imaging (XBI): A New Technique for Spatially Resolved Mapping of Molecular Orientations in Materials / Kenneth D. M. Harris, Rhian Patterson, Yating Zhou, Stephen P. Collins
• Direct Visualization of Crystal Formation and Growth Probed by the Organic Fluorescent Molecules / Fuyuki Ito
• Anti-solvent Crystallization Method for Production of Desired Crystalline Particles / Hiroshi Takiyama
• Crystal Nucleation of Proteins Induced by Surface Plasmon Resonance / Tetsuo Okutsu
• Control of Crystal Size Distribution and Polymorphs in the Crystallization of Organic Compounds / Koichi Igarashi, Hiroshi Ooshima
• Managing Thermal History to Stabilize/Destabilize Pharmaceutical Glasses / Kohsaku Kawakami
• Part II. Structure and Design of Crystals
• Supramolecular, Hierarchical, and Energetical Interpretation of Organic Crystals: Generation of Supramolecular Chirality in Assemblies of Achiral Molecules / Mikiji Miyata, Seiji Tsuzuki
• Relationship Between Atomic Contact and Intermolecular Interactions: Significant Importance of Dispersion Interactions Between Molecules Without Short Atom–Atom Contact in Crystals / Seiji Tsuzuki
• Pharmaceutical Multicomponent Crystals: Structure, Design, and Properties / Okky Dwichandra Putra, Hidehiro Uekusa
• The Design of Porous Organic Salts with Hierarchical Process / Norimitsu Tohnai
• Layered Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks as Highly Crystalline Porous Materials / Ichiro Hisaki, Qin Ji, Kiyonori Takahashi, Takayoshi Nakamura
• Kinetic Assembly of Porous Coordination Networks Leads to Trapping Unstable Elemental Allotropes / Hiroyoshi Ohtsu, Pavel M. Usov, Masaki Kawano
• Creation of Organic-Metal Hybridized Nanocrystals Toward Nonlinear Optics Applications / Tsunenobu Onodera, Rodrigo Sato, Yoshihiko Takeda, Hidetoshi Oikawa
• Part III. Function
• Luminescent Crystal–Control of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Luminescence Through Polymorphism / Toshiki Mutai
• Solid-State Fluorescence Switching Using Photochromic Diarylethenes / Seiya Kobatake, Tatsumoto Nakahama
• Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solid-State Chiral Luminophores / Yoshitane Imai
• Azulene-Based Materials for Organic Field-Effect Transistors / Hiroshi Katagiri
• Electrochemical Functions of Nanostructured Liquid Crystals with Electronic and Ionic Conductivity / Masahiro Funahashi
• Part IV. Kryptoracemates / Edward R. T. Tiekink
• Twenty-Five Years’ History, Mechanism, and Generality of Preferential Enrichment as a Complexity Phenomenon / Rui Tamura, Hiroki Takahashi, Gérard Coquerel
• Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Dynamic Enantioselective Crystallization / Masami Sakamoto
• Molecular Recognition by Inclusion Crystals of Chiral Host Molecules Having Trityl and Related Bulky Groups / Motohiro Akazome, Shoji Matsumoto
• Asymmetric Catalysis and Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation by Homochiral Metal–Organic Framework: Recent Advances
• Koichi Tanaka
• Part V. Solid-State Polymerization of Conjugated Acetylene Compounds to Form pi-conjugated polymers / Shuji Okada, Yoko Tatewaki, Ryohei Yamakado
• Click Chemistry to Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Synthetic Tool for MOF and Applications for Functional Materials / Kazuki Sada, Kenta Kokado.

This book summarizes and records the recent notable advances in diverse topics in organic crystal chemistry, which has made substantial progress along with the rapid development of a variety of analysis and measurement techniques for solid organic materials. This review book is one of the volumes that are published periodically on this theme. The previous volume, published in 2015, systematically summarized the remarkable progress in assorted topics of organic crystal chemistry using organic solids and organic-inorganic hybrid materials during the previous 5 years, and it has been widely read. The present volume also shows the progress of organic solid chemistry in the last 5 years, with contributions mainly by invited members of the Division of Organic Crystal Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), together with prominent invited authors from countries other than Japan.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)