Afghanistan's history, internal political development, foreign relations, and very existence as an independent state have largely been determined by its geographic location at the crossroads of Central, West, and South Asia. In modern times, as well as in antiquity, vast armies of the world passed through Afghanistan, temporarily establishing local control and often dominating Iran and northern India. Islam has played a key role in the formation of Afghanistan as well. Although it was the scene of great empires and flourishing trade for over two millennia, Afghanistan did not become a truly independent nation until the twentieth century. In much of the twentieth century, Afghanistan remained neutral. It was not a participant in World War II, nor aligned with either power bloc in the Cold War. However, it was a beneficiary of the latter rivalry as both the Soviet Union and the U.S. vied for influence by building such infrastructure works as roads, airports, water and sewer systems, and hospitals. The U.S. State Department Central Classified Files are the definitive source of American diplomatic reporting on political, military, social, and economic developments throughout the world in the twentieth century.

• Preface Introduction Chapter 1. The State of African American Election Data Chapter 2. The Literature on the African American Electorate Chapter 3. The African American Electorate in the Colonial Era, 1610-1773 Chapter 4. The African American Electorate in the Revolutionary Era, 1774-1789 Chapter 5. The Electoral Context in Antebellum America, 1788-1861 Chapter 6. The African American Electorate in Antebellum and Civil War America, 1788-1867 Chapter 7. The Reversal of African American Suffrage Rights prior to the Fifteenth Amendment, 1788-1870 Chapter 8. Suffrage Referenda Prior to the Fifteenth Amendment, 1846-1870 Chapter 9. Voting Behavior of the African American Electorate Prior to the Fifteenth Amendment, 1788-1870 Chapter 10. The First African American Nominees and Public Office Holders, 1776-1870 Chapter 11. The National Equal Rights League Chapter 12. The Civil War Election and the African American Soldiers' Vote, 1864 Chapter 13. African American Voter Registration and Turnout in 1867 Southern State Elections Chapter 14. African American Voting Behavior in the First Presidential and Congressional Elections after the Abolition of Slavery in the South, 1868 and 1872 Chapter 15. African American Voting Behavior in the First Presidential and Congressional Elections After the Abolition of Slavery in the Border, Midwest, and Far West States, 1868 and 1872 Chapter 16. African American Voting Behavior in Subsequent Elections Through Disenfranchisement, 1868 to 1920 Chapter 17. African American Voting and Non-Voting Behavior in the Era of Disenfranchisement (1888-1908) and Beyond Chapter 18. The Lodge Bill and Beyond Chapter 19. African American Voters and Electoral Empowerment in the North, 1876-1944 Chapter 20. The Enfranchisement of African American Women: 1669-1921 Chapter 21. The Electoral Revolt of the African American Voters in 1920-1921 and Beyond Chapter 22. African American Registration and Voting in the South, 1920-1944 Chapter 23. African American Registration and Voting in the South, 1944-1965 Chapter 24. Rare African American Registration and Voting Data Chapter 25. The 1965 Voting Rights Act, Expansions and Renewals, 1970, 1975, 1982, 1992, and 2006 Chapter 26. Felon and Ex-Felon Disenfranchisement Chapter 27. African American Voting Rights in a Historic Presidential Election Chapter 28. Summary and Conclusions Appendices Cumulative Bibliography Copyright Acknowledgments Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)9780872895089 20160610

This pioneering work brings together for the first time in a single reference work all of the extant, fugitive, and recently discovered registration data on African American voters from Colonial America to the present. It features election returns for African American presidential, senatorial, congressional, and gubernatorial candidates over time. Rich, insightful narrative explains the data and traces the history of the laws dealing with the enfranchisement and disenfranchisement of African Americans. Topics covered include: - the contributions of statistical pioneers including Monroe Work, W.E.B. DuBois and Ralph Bunche - African American organizations, like the NAACP and National Equal Rights League (NERL) - pioneering African American officeholders, including the few before the Civil War - four influxes of African American voters: Reconstruction (Southern African American men), the Fifteenth Amendment (African American men across the country), the Nineteenth Amendment (African American female voters in 1920 election), and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 - the historical development of disenfranchisement in the South and the statistical impact of the tools of disenfranchisement: literacy clauses, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses. The African-American Electorate features more than 300 tables, 150 figures, and 50 maps, many of which have been created exclusively for this work using demographic, voter registration, election return, and racial precinct data that have never been collected and assembled for the public. An appendix includes popular and electoral voting data for African-American presidential, congressional, and gubernatorial candidates, and a comprehensive bibliography indicates major topic areas and eras concerning the African-American electorate. The African American Electorate offers students and researchers the opportunity, for the first time, to explore the relationship between voters and political candidates, identify critical variables, and situate African Americans' voting behavior and political phenomena in the context of America's political history.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)9780872895089 20160610

• Freedom's journal, March 16, 1827 - March 28 1829; The Colored American (Weekly Advocate), January 7, 1837 - December 25, 1841; The North Star, December 3, 1847 - April 17, 1851; The National Era, January 7, 1847 - March 12, 1860 (complete through Dec. 1853); Provincial Freeman, 1854-1857; Frederick Douglass Paper, 1851-1859 (completed through December 1852); The Christian Recorder, 1861-1902 (completed through April, 1862).

This enormous collection of African-American newspaper contains a wealth of information about the cultural life and history during the 1800s, and is rich with first-hand reports of the major events and issues of the day, including the Mexican War, Presidential and congressional addresses, Congressional abstracts, business and commodity markets, the humanities, world travel and religion. They also contain large numbers of early biographies, vital statistics, essays and editorials, poetry and prose, and advertisements all of which embody the African-American experience.

"Created from the Library Company of Philadelphia's acclaimed Afro-Americana Collection - an accumulation that begain with Benjamin Franklin and steadily increased throughout its entire history - this unique online resource provides researchers with more than 12,000 printed works. These essential books, pamphlets and broadsides, including many lesser-known imprints, hold an unparalleled record of African American history, literature and culture. This collection spans nearly 400 years, from the early 16th to the early 20th century. Critically important subjects covered include the West's discovery and exploitation of Africa; the rise of slavery in the New World along with the growth and success of abolitionist movements; the development of racial thought, including political protest and resistance to racism; descriptions of African American life -- slave and free -- throughout the Americans; and slavery and race in fiction and drama. Also featured are printed works of African American individuals and organizations."

Full text database of selected newspapers, magazines, and journals of the alternative and independent press.

Database of broadsides printed between 1820 and 1900 and ephemera printed between 1760 and 1900, full text searchable, plus browsable by genre, subject, author, history of printing, place of publication, language.