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• The Chemical Shift. Spin-Spin Coupling. The Analysis of NMR Spectra. Pulse Fourier Transform Techniques. Double Resonance Techniques and Relaxation Mechanisms. Multipulse NMR Techniques and Two-Dimensional NMR. Applications of NMR Spectroscopy. Problems. Subject Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Introduction to NMR Spectroscopy R. J. Abraham, School of Chemistry, University of Liverpool J. Fisher, Biological NMR Centre, University of Leicester P. Loftus, Stuart Pharmaceuticals, Delaware, USA This book is a new, extended edition of Proton and Carbon 13 NMR by R. J. Abraham and P. Loftus. The initial chapters cover the fundamentals of NMR spectroscopy commencing with an explanation of how the nuclear magnetic response occurs, followed by a detailed discussion of chemical shifts and coupling constants, parameters not discussed to any length in other textbooks aimed at a similar level of interest. Emphasis is given to the vectorial description of multipulse experiments, as this is probably the easiest way to grasp how different information may be gained simply by changing a pulse sequence. An understanding of multipulse NMR is a prerequisite for understanding 2D NMR. The section on 2D NMR begins with a discussion of the resolved experiment. This is a logical initial choice as the spectra produced by this experiment may be readily compared with 1D spectra. Following on from this both heteronuclear and homonuclear correlation spectroscopy are described and examples given. The final section of the book should be considered as an applications section. It is aimed at showing the reader that NMR is not just of use to the synthetic organic chemist but is also of use to biochemists for investigating the solution state structure and function of proteins, enzymes, etc. The application of high resolution NMR to the solid state is also discussed, thereby indicating the developments which have taken place as far as spectrometer hardware is concerned.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface ix 1 Main Group Elements and Heteroatoms: Scope and Characteristics 1 1.1 Aufbau Principle and Sign of Orbitals / 1 1.2 Electronic Configuration of an Atom: Main Group Elements and Heteroatoms / 3 1.3 Fundamental Properties of Main Group Elements / 5 1.4 Acidity of Carboxylic Acid and Substituent Effect / 7 1.5 Heteroatom Effect / 10 1.5.1 Stabilization of -Carbocation by Resonance: Stereoelectronic Effect / 10 1.5.2 Coordination with Lewis Acids / 15 References / 16 Notes
• 1: Electronegativity 17 Notes
• 2: Importance of Formal Logic-I: Oxidation Number and Formal Charge 19 Notes
• 3: Importance of Formal Logic-II: Octet Rule, Eighteen-Electron Rule, Hypervalence 23 2 Main Group Element Effect 25 2.1 What Is Main Group Element Effect? / 25 2.2 Single Bond Energy and Bond Energy / 27 2.3 Hypervalent Compound / 31 2.4 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (1): 3c 4e Bond and Structure / 33 2.5 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (2): Apicophilicity and Pseudorotation / 41 2.6 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (3): Ligand Coupling Reaction (LCR) and Edge Inversion / 45 2.7 Effect of X C / 46 2.8 Effect of X C / 48 Notes
• 4: ( , ) and ( , ): HMO (Hueckel Molecular Orbital) and Electrocyclic Reaction 57 3 Lithium, Magnesium, and Copper Compounds 63 3.1 Synthesis / 64 3.2 Structure / 66 3.3 Reaction / 68 3.3.1 Deprotonation as Base / 69 3.3.2 Nucleophilic Reaction / 72 3.3.3 Conjugate Addition of Lithium Dimethylcuprate / 76 References / 77 4 Boron and Aluminum Compounds 79 4.1 Synthesis / 80 4.2 Structure / 82 4.3 Reaction / 84 References / 88 5 Silicon, Tin, and Lead Compounds 91 5.1 Synthesis / 92 5.2 Reaction / 94 5.3 Organotin and Lead Compounds / 100 References / 104 Notes
• 5: Stable Carbene and Its Complex 105 6 Phosphorus, Antimony, and Bismuth Compounds 111 6.1 Phosphorus Compounds / 112 6.2 Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds / 113 6.3 Tertiary Phosphine and Its Nucleophilic Reaction / 115 6.4 Arbuzov Reaction / 117 6.5 Perkow Reaction / 118 6.6 Synthesis of Optically Active Phosphines / 119 6.7 Ylide and Wittig Reaction and Related Ones / 123 6.8 Reactions of Phosphonium Salts and Formation of Phosphoranes / 131 6.9 Freezing BPR and Its Effect / 138 6.10 Antimony and Bismuth Compounds / 143 References / 146 Notes
• 6: Dreams of Staudinger and Wittig 149 Notes
• 7: Stereochemistry in Nucleophilic Substitution of MX4-type Compounds: Inversion or Retention 155 7 Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Compounds 159 7.1 Sulfur Compounds / 160 7.2 Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds / 160 7.3 Reactions of Organosulfur Compounds / 166 7.4 Structure and Reaction of Hypervalent Organosulfur Compounds / 170 7.5 Selenium and Tellurium Compounds / 175 References / 178 Notes
• 8: Inversion Mechanism of NH3 and N
• F3: Vertex Inversion or Edge Inversion 181 8 Organohalogen Compounds: Fluorine and Iodine Compounds 187 8.1 Synthesis of Chlorine and Bromine Compounds / 188 8.2 Fluorine Compounds / 190 8.3 Iodine Compounds / 195 References / 199 9 Atrane and Transannular Interaction: Formation of Hypervalent Bond 201 9.1 Introduction / 201 9.2 Silatrane and Atrane / 202 9.3 Transannular Interaction (1) / 208 9.4 Transannular Interaction (2) / 210 References / 211 10 Unsaturated Compounds of Main Group Elements of Third Period and Heavier 213 10.1 Introduction / 213 10.2 Unsaturated Bonds of Group 15 Elements of Third Period and Heavier / 215 10.3 Unsaturated Bonds of Group 14 Elements of Third Period and Heavier / 219 10.4 Aromatic Compounds of Group 14 Elements / 222 References / 223 11 Ligand Coupling Reaction 225 11.1 Introduction / 225 11.2 Selectivity of Ligand Coupling Reaction: Theoretical Investigation / 226 11.3 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organic Compounds of Phosphorus, Antimony, and Bismuth / 227 11.4 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organic Compounds of Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium / 237 11.5 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organoiodine Compounds / 241 References / 245 Notes
• 9: Hexavalent Organotellurium Compounds 247 12 Hypervalent Carbon Compounds: Can Hexavalent Carbon Exist? 251 12.1 Introduction / 251 12.2 Attempts for Pentacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species / 253 12.3 Synthesis of Pentacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species (10-C-5) and Bond Switching at Carbon and Boron / 254 12.4 Attempts to Hexacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species (12-C-6) / 259 References / 262 Notes
• 10: Main Group Element Porphyrins 265 Index 269.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface ix 1 Main Group Elements and Heteroatoms: Scope and Characteristics 1 1.1 Aufbau Principle and Sign of Orbitals / 1 1.2 Electronic Configuration of an Atom: Main Group Elements and Heteroatoms / 3 1.3 Fundamental Properties of Main Group Elements / 5 1.4 Acidity of Carboxylic Acid and Substituent Effect / 7 1.5 Heteroatom Effect / 10 1.5.1 Stabilization of alpha -Carbocation by Resonance: Stereoelectronic Effect / 10 1.5.2 Coordination with Lewis Acids / 15 References / 16 Notes
• 1: Electronegativity 17 Notes
• 2: Importance of Formal Logic-I: Oxidation Number and Formal Charge 19 Notes
• 3: Importance of Formal Logic-II: Octet Rule, Eighteen-Electron Rule, Hypervalence 23 2 Main Group Element Effect 25 2.1 What Is Main Group Element Effect? / 25 2.2 Single Bond Energy and pi -Bond Energy / 27 2.3 Hypervalent Compound / 31 2.4 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (1): 3c-4e Bond and Structure / 33 2.5 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (2): Apicophilicity and Pseudorotation / 41 2.6 Effect of Hypervalent Bond (3): Ligand Coupling Reaction (LCR) and Edge Inversion / 45 2.7 Effect of sigma X-C / 46 2.8 Effect of sigma * X-C / 48 Notes
• 4: ( sigma , sigma *) and ( pi , pi *): HMO (Hueckel Molecular Orbital) and Electrocyclic Reaction 57 3 Lithium, Magnesium, and Copper Compounds 63 3.1 Synthesis / 64 3.2 Structure / 66 3.3 Reaction / 68 3.3.1 Deprotonation as Base / 69 3.3.2 Nucleophilic Reaction / 72 3.3.3 Conjugate Addition of Lithium Dimethylcuprate / 76 References / 77 4 Boron and Aluminum Compounds 79 4.1 Synthesis / 80 4.2 Structure / 82 4.3 Reaction / 84 References / 88 5 Silicon, Tin, and Lead Compounds 91 5.1 Synthesis / 92 5.2 Reaction / 94 5.3 Organotin and Lead Compounds / 100 References / 104 Notes
• 5: Stable Carbene and Its Complex 105 6 Phosphorus, Antimony, and Bismuth Compounds 111 6.1 Phosphorus Compounds / 112 6.2 Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds / 113 6.3 Tertiary Phosphine and Its Nucleophilic Reaction / 115 6.4 Arbuzov Reaction / 117 6.5 Perkow Reaction / 118 6.6 Synthesis of Optically Active Phosphines / 119 6.7 Ylide and Wittig Reaction and Related Ones / 123 6.8 Reactions of Phosphonium Salts and Formation of Phosphoranes / 131 6.9 Freezing BPR and Its Effect / 138 6.10 Antimony and Bismuth Compounds / 143 References / 146 Notes
• 6: Dreams of Staudinger and Wittig 149 Notes
• 7: Stereochemistry in Nucleophilic Substitution of MX4-type Compounds: Inversion or Retention 155 7 Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium Compounds 159 7.1 Sulfur Compounds / 160 7.2 Synthesis of Organosulfur Compounds / 160 7.3 Reactions of Organosulfur Compounds / 166 7.4 Structure and Reaction of Hypervalent Organosulfur Compounds / 170 7.5 Selenium and Tellurium Compounds / 175 References / 178 Notes
• 8: Inversion Mechanism of NH3 and N
• F3: Vertex Inversion or Edge Inversion 181 8 Organohalogen Compounds: Fluorine and Iodine Compounds 187 8.1 Synthesis of Chlorine and Bromine Compounds / 188 8.2 Fluorine Compounds / 190 8.3 Iodine Compounds / 195 References / 199 9 Atrane and Transannular Interaction: Formation of Hypervalent Bond 201 9.1 Introduction / 201 9.2 Silatrane and Atrane / 202 9.3 Transannular Interaction (1) / 208 9.4 Transannular Interaction (2) / 210 References / 211 10 Unsaturated Compounds of Main Group Elements of Third Period and Heavier 213 10.1 Introduction / 213 10.2 Unsaturated Bonds of Group 15 Elements of Third Period and Heavier / 215 10.3 Unsaturated Bonds of Group 14 Elements of Third Period and Heavier / 219 10.4 Aromatic Compounds of Group 14 Elements / 222 References / 223 11 Ligand Coupling Reaction 225 11.1 Introduction / 225 11.2 Selectivity of Ligand Coupling Reaction: Theoretical Investigation / 226 11.3 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organic Compounds of Phosphorus, Antimony, and Bismuth / 227 11.4 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organic Compounds of Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium / 237 11.5 Ligand Coupling Reaction of Organoiodine Compounds / 241 References / 245 Notes
• 9: Hexavalent Organotellurium Compounds 247 12 Hypervalent Carbon Compounds: Can Hexavalent Carbon Exist? 251 12.1 Introduction / 251 12.2 Attempts for Pentacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species / 253 12.3 Synthesis of Pentacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species (10-C-5) and Bond Switching at Carbon and Boron / 254 12.4 Attempts to Hexacoordinate Hypervalent Carbon Species (12-C-6) / 259 References / 262 Notes
• 10: Main Group Element Porphyrins 265 Index 269.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This vital resource book captures the essential scope of organic chemistry of all main group elements and covers all main group elements dealing with syntheses and reactions of their organic compounds. While organic compounds of second row elements centered at carbon are the major components of animals and plants, those of the third row and below are also important and have unique roles which this book discusses. Since main group chemistry has been traditionally classified as a part of inorganic chemistry, this book establishes the scope of organic chemistry of main group elements.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Oxygen: An Element of Many Surprises
• What Are Stereoelectronic Effects, and How Can We Control Them?
• Structural, Spectroscopic, and Chemical Manifestations of Stereoelectronic Effects
• Models and Theoretical Studies of Stereoelectronic Effects
• Organic Chemistry through the Prism of SEs: Functional Groups with One Oxygen
• Organic Chemistry through the Prism of SEs: Functional Groups with Two Oxygens
• O2, O3, CO2: Simple but Surprising Molecules That Take Us beyond 2-Center, 2-Electron Bonds

"Although carbon is considered the central element of organic chemistry, the broader chemical world has one more star player-oxygen. Billions of years of evolution have filled your room with oxygen as countless cyanobacteria and plants work on changing our planet. Oxygen is everywhere-from geology to biology, from the Earth's crust to the ozone layer. This digital primer aims to analyze chemical reactivity through the prism of oxygen chemistry. The key to understanding this chemistry is the lone pairs of oxygen (i.e., the underutilized "idle" electrons that do not directly contribute to the Lewis structure of molecules). By highlighting the many roles of oxygen, we will illustrate how chemistry rises above the limitations of Lewis structures and how electrons stay neither idle nor "lone" even if they are in "lone pairs" when an oxygen atom is near a reaction center. This digital primer will introduce important types of chemical bonding that transcend undergraduate textbooks but that are likely to drive the development of new chemical reactions in the future."-- Provided by publisher

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt and malt liquors, wines and potable spirits, neutral alcohol derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and pulp testing, aliphatic acids.- II. Fixed oils, fats and waxes, special characters and methods, butter fat, lard,linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerin, wool-fat, cloth oils, sterol alcohols.- III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthale and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid, and its allies, phthalic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives.- IV. Special characters of essential oils; resins, india-rubber, gutta percha, balata, and allied substances; the constituents of essential oils, and allied substances; the general characters and analysis of essential oils.- V. Tannins, writing inks, stamping, typing and marking inks, printing inks, amines and ammonium bases, analysis of leather, colouring matters of natural origin, colouring substances in foods, benzene and its homoloues, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases.-

• I. Introduction, alcohols, yeast, malt liquors and malt, wines and spirits, neutral alcoholic derivatives, sugars, starch and its isomerides, paper and paper-making materials, vegetable acids
• II. Fixed oils, fats and waxes; special characters and methods, butter fat, lard, linseed oil, higher fatty acids, soap, glycerol, cholesterols, wool-fat, cloth oils
• III. Hydrocarbons, bitumens, naphthalene and its derivatives, anthracene and its associates, phenols, aromatic acids, gallic acid and its allies, phthalic acid and the phthaleins, modern explosives
• Iv. Resins, india-rubber, rubber substitutes and gutta-percha, hydrocarbons of essential oils, ketones of essential oils, volatile or essential oils, special characters of essential oils, tables of essential oils
• v. Tannins, analysis of leather, dyes and colouring matters, dyestuffs of groups 6 to 12, colouring matters of natural origin, analysis of colouring matters, colouring matters in foods, inks
• VI. Amines and ammonium bases, aniline and its allies, naphthylamines, pyridine, quinoline and acridine bases, vegetable alkaloids, volatile bases of vegetable origin, nicotine and tobacco, aconite alkaloids, atropine and its allies, cocaine, opium, strychnos alkaloids, cinchona alkaloids, berberine, caffeine, tea and coffee, cocoa and chocolate
• VII. Vegetable alkaloids, glucosides, non-glucosidal bitter principles, animal bases, animal acids, lactic acid, cyanogen and its derivatives
• VIII. Enzymes, proteins and albuminoid substances, milk and milk products, meat and meat products, hæmoglobin and blood, proteoids, fibroids
• IX. Supplement, index to series.

• Partial table of contents: The Rules of the Game. Slow Motion, Deep Insight. Clear Drawings, Three--Dimensional Structures. Preserve Atoms in Place, Keep Things Simple. Atom and Bond Budgets. Fragmentation of Bicyclobutane by Way of Anti--Bredt Intermediates. Acidic Fragmentation in the Course of a Clever Synthesis of Alpha----Methylene Butyrolactones. A Local Oxidation at the Unexpected Site by Bromination at the Expected Site. Vicinal Migrations with Stereocontrol. Hydrazine Used for Ring Mutation. A Stepwise Electron Transfer That Requires Two Moles of Oxidant. Circuitous Oxidation With Lead Tetraacetate. Multifaceted Performance of Grignard Reagent. A Potentially Complex Wagner----Meerwein Rearrangement Made Simple. Strange Involvement of Nonfunctionalized Isopentyl Side Chain. A Case of X--Ray Data Yielding the Wrong Structure Due to Interference of Organic Chemistry. Reaction Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

For students of advanced organic chemistry, this text develops problem-solving skills using fifty-six challenging, organic chemistry problems covering a wide variety of chemical systems. Concentrates on necessary and fundamental concepts in the introductory chapters. Valuable not only as a study guide and source of interesting problems, but also as an illustration of reactions and phenomena of general interest.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xi
• Preface to the First Edition xvii
• Acknowledgments xix
• 1 Problem Analysis in Organic Reaction Mechanism 1
• 1.1 Overview, 1
• 1.2 Introduction, 1
• 1.2.1 "Pushing Forward" a Solution in Formal and Exhaustive Terms, 2
• 1.2.2 Lessons from this Example, 7
• 1.3 Avoiding the Quagmire, 7
• 1.4 The Basic Steps of Problem Analysis, 8
• 1.4.1 Recognizing the Problem, 8
• 1.4.2 Analyzing Problems by Asking the Right Questions, Discarding the Irrelevant, 11
• 1.4.3 Drawing a First Outline for Guidance, 12
• 1.4.4 Asking the Right Questions and Proposing the Right Answers . . . is enough?, 13
• 1.5 Intuition and Problem Solving, 14
• 1.6 Summing Up, 17
• References and Notes, 17
• 2 Electron Flow in Organic Reactions 19
• 2.1 Overview, 19
• 2.2 Introduction, 19
• 2.3 Practical Rules Governing Electron Redeployment, 22
• 2.3.1 Issue 1: Electrons within Orbitals, 22
• 2.3.2 Issue 2: Electron Transfer and Stereochemistry, 23
• 2.3.3 Issue 3: Electron Energy Level and Accessibility, 24
• 2.3.4 Issue 4: Electron Flow and Molecular Active Sectors, 26
• 2.3.4.1 Case A:
• Interactions, 26
• 2.3.4.2 Case B.:
• Interactions, 27
• 2.3.4.3 Case C: When Reactivity Patterns Seem to Break Down, 27
• 2.3.5 Issue 5: Electron Traffic and Electronic Density Differences, 31
• 2.3.5.1 M0 Metals as Electron Source, 31
• 2.3.5.2 Metal Hydrides and Organic Hydrides as Electron Source, 32
• 2.3.6 Issue 6: Creating Zones of High Electron Density, 34
• 2.3.6.1 The Natural Polarization, 35
• 2.3.6.2 Reversing the Natural Polarization: Umpolung, 35
• 2.3.7 Issue 7: Electron Flow and Low Electron Density Zones, 36
• 2.3.7.1 Identifying LEDZs, 36
• 2.3.7.2 Creating a New LEDZ in the Substrate, 37
• 2.3.7.3 Finding Unsuspected LEDZs among the Other Reagents in the Mixture, 41
• 2.3.7.4 When Compounds Show Double Personality, 42
• 2.4 Summing Up, 42
• 2.5 A Flowchart of Organized Problem Analysis, 44
• References and Notes, 45
• 3 Additional Techniques to Postulate Organic Reaction Mechanisms 49
• 3.1 Overview, 49
• 3.2 Take Your Time, 50
• 3.3 Clear and Informative Molecular Renderings, 50
• 3.3.1 The Value of Molecular Sketches, 50
• 3.3.2 Two- Versus Three-Dimensional Renderings and the "Flat" Organic Compounds, 52
• 3.4 Element and Bond Budgets, 53
• 3.5 Looking at Molecules from Various Perspectives, 55
• 3.6 Separate the Grain from the Chaff, 58
• 3.7 Dissecting Products in Terms of Reactants: Fragmentation Analysis, 59
• 3.7.1 The Fundamental Proposition, 59
• 3.7.2 Adding Potentially Nucleophilic or Electrophilic Character to Fragments, 61
• 3.7.3 When Fragmentation Analysis Fails, Getting Help from Atom Labels, 63
• 3.8 Oxidation Levels and Mechanism, 65
• 3.8.1 Methods to Estimate Oxidation Status, 65
• 3.9 The Functionality Number, 66
• 3.9.1 What Exactly Is FN?, 66
• 3.9.2 Properties of FN, 67
• 3.10 Combining Fragmentation Analysis and Functionality Numbers, 72
• 3.11 Summing Up, 74
• References, 75
• 4 Solved Problem Collection 77
• Problem 1 to 60. See Graphical Problem Index, 79
• Glossary 405
• Subject/Reaction Index 409
• Reagent Index 425
• Author Index 433
• Graphical Problem Index 445.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This long-awaited new edition helps students understand and solve the complex problems that organic chemists regularly face, using a step-by-step method and approachable text. With solved and worked-through problems, the author orients discussion of each through the application of various problem-solving techniques. Teaches organic chemists structured and logical techniques to solve reaction problems and uses a unique, systematic approach. Stresses the logic and strategy of mechanistic problem solving -- a key piece of success for organic chemistry, beyond just specific reactions and facts Has a conversational tone and acts as a readable and approachable workbook allowing reader involvement instead of simply straightforward text Uses 60 solved and worked-through problems and reaction schemes for students to practice with, along with updated organic reactions and illustrated examples Includes website with supplementary material for chapters and problems: http://tapsoc.yolasite.com.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Explosion of Structural Information on Insect Neuropeptide (G. Gäde)
• Sesquiterpenoids from Thapsia Species and Medicinal Chemistry of the Thapsigargins (S.B. Christensen, A. Andersen, and U.W. Smitt)
• Pregnane Glycosides (D. Deepak, S. Srivastav, and A. Khare).

The volumes of this classic series, now referred to simply as "Zechmeister" after its founder, L. Zechmeister, have appeared under the Springer Imprint ever since the series' inauguration in 1938. The volumes contain contributions on various topics related to the origin, distribution, chemistry, synthesis, biochemistry, function or use of various classes of naturally occurring substances ranging from small molecules to biopolymers. Each contribution is written by a recognized authority in his field and provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the topic in question. Addressed to biologists, technologists, and chemists alike, the series can be used by the expert as a source of information and literature citations and by the non-expert as a means of orientation in a rapidly developing discipline.

• What is a Supermolecule? -Its Origin, History and, Future.- Chemistry of Molecular Recognition -A Host Molecule Can Recognize its Guest Molecule.- Topology of Molecules -Formative Arts in Supramolecular Chemistry.- Supramolecular Assembly -Self-Organization of Molecules.- Supermolecules in Future Technology -Molecular Device and Nanotechnology.- Biological Supermolecules-Interface with Biology.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The fundamentals of "supramolecular chemistry" to the latest developments on the subject are covered by this book. It sets out to explain the topic in a relatively easy way. The basic concepts of molecular recognition chemistry are included. Molecules with fascinating shapes and functions such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, rotaxane, and catenane, and molecular assemblies are also explained. Thereafter applications of supermolecules to nanotechnology are introduced with many examples of molecular devices. The last part of the book describes biological supermolecules and their mimics. Though simply explained undergraduate and graduate students in Chemistry will be able to use aspects of this work as an advanced textbook.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Various Aspects of Energy and Raw Material Supply Basic Products of Industrial Syntheses Olefins Acetylene 1,3-Diolefins Syntheses Involving Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Products of Ethylene Alcohols Vinyl-Halogen and Vinyl-Oxygen Compounds Components for Polyamides Propene Conversion Products Aromatics - Production and Conversion Benzene Derivatives Oxidation Products of Xylene and Naphthalene.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This bestselling standard, now in its fifth, completely revised English edition, is an excellent source of technological and economic information on the most important precursors and intermediates used in the chemical industry. Both a handbook and ready reference, this volume has a uniform structure for ease of use, with a number of fold-out flow charts illustrating complex chemical processes, plus summaries and relevant statistical data in the margins. The text is rounded off by a comprehensive list of references and a detailed subject index. From reviews of previous editions (authored by K. Weissermel/H.-J. Arpe) "This book is an immensely comprehensive and practical work. University chemistry students would benefit from reading this book as it provides a valuable insight into chemical technology, which is often lacking in undergraduate chemistry courses. The university lecturer can obtain examples of applied organic syntheses and keep up to date with the constant changes in chemical manufacturing. It should appeal most to chemists and engineers in the chemical industry, who should benefit from the technological, scientific and economic interrelationships and their potential developments." (Synthesis - Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry) "It would be unkind and misleading to call this book a poor man's Kirk Othmer, but it could almost be described as an encyclopedia...it is easy to read and one has to admire the authors' dedication and endeavor in getting so much into a single volume. They have provided a book that is interesting reading as well as being an excellent reference. It is a highly recommended book, which I hope the authors will find the energy to continue updating on a regular basis." (Chemistry in Britain) "...it should be ready to hand to every chemist or process engineer involved directly or indirectly with industrial organic chemistry. It should be in the hand of every higher-graduate student, especially if chemical technology is not part of the study, like in many college universities..." (Tenside-Surfactants-Detergents) "Whether student or scientist, theorist or practician - everybody interested in industrial organic chemistry will appreciate this work..." (farbe + lack).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• pt.
• 1. Direct methods.--pt.
• 2. Indirect methods.

• Part 1 Laboratory operations: preliminary topics
• separation of substances
• purification of substances
• determination of physical properties
• determination of chemical properties
• qualitative organic analysis
• apparatus and techniques for chemical reactions. Part 2 Experiments: separations
• transformations
• synthetic sequences - synthesis experiments that use a sequence of reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Ideally suited for second-year undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory courses, this text explains how to perform operations and prepare a variety of organic compounds. As they learn how to filter a hot solution, recrystallize a solid, distil a liquid, perform an extraction and dry a solution, students will come to understand the theory behind the techniques. The book includes substitutions, additions, eliminations and 'name' reactions such as the Grignard reaction and the Wittig synthesis as well as procedures for the preparation of interesting compounds such as aspirin and the alarm pheromone of the honey bee.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xv Acknowledgments xxi 1. Quantum Mechanics for Organic Chemistry 1 1.1 Approximations to the Schroedinger Equation The Hartree Fock Method 2 1.1.1 Nonrelativistic Mechanics 2 1.1.2 The Born Oppenheimer Approximation 3 1.1.3 The One-Electron Wavefunction and the Hartree Fock Method 3 1.1.4 Linear Combination of Atomic Orbitals (LCAO) Approximation 4 1.1.5 Hartree Fock Roothaan Procedure 5 1.1.6 Restricted Versus Unrestricted Wavefunctions 7 1.1.7 The Variational Principle 7 1.1.8 Basis Sets 8 1.1.8.1 Basis Set Superposition Error 12 1.2 Electron Correlation Post-Hartree Fock Methods 13 1.2.1 Configuration Interaction (CI) 14 1.2.2 Size Consistency 16 1.2.3 Perturbation Theory 16 1.2.4 Coupled-Cluster Theory 17 1.2.5 Multiconfiguration SCF (MCSCF) Theory and Complete Active Space SCF (CASSCF) Theory 18 1.2.6 Composite Energy Methods 20 1.3 Density Functional Theory (DFT) 22 1.3.1 The Exchange-Correlation Functionals: Climbing Jacob s Ladder 24 1.3.1.1 Double Hybrid Functionals 26 1.3.2 Dispersion-Corrected DFT 26 1.3.3 Functional Selection 28 1.4 Computational Approaches to Solvation 28 1.4.1 Microsolvation 28 1.4.2 Implicit Solvent Models 29 1.4.3 Hybrid Solvation Models 34 1.5 Hybrid QM/MM Methods 35 1.5.1 Molecular Mechanics 36 1.5.2 QM/MM Theory 38 1.5.3 ONIOM 39 1.6 Potential Energy Surfaces 40 1.6.1 Geometry Optimization 42 1.7 Population Analysis 45 1.7.1 Orbital-Based Population Methods 46 1.7.2 Topological Electron Density Analysis 47 1.8 Interview: Stefan Grimme 48 References 51 2. Computed Spectral Properties and Structure Identification 61 2.1 Computed Bond Lengths and Angles 61 2.2 IR Spectroscopy 62 2.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 66 2.3.1 General Considerations 68 2.3.2 Scaling Chemical Shift Values 69 2.3.3 Customized Density Functionals and Basis Sets 71 2.3.4 Methods for Structure Prediction 73 2.3.5 Statistical Approaches to Computed Chemical Shifts 74 2.3.6 Computed Coupling Constants 76 2.3.7 Case Studies 77 2.3.7.1 Hexacyclinol 77 2.3.7.2 Maitotoxin 79 2.3.7.3 Vannusal B 80 2.3.7.4 Conicasterol F 81 2.3.7.5 1-Adamantyl Cation 81 2.4 Optical Rotation, Optical Rotatory Dispersion, Electronic Circular Dichroism, and Vibrational Circular Dichroism 82 2.4.1 Case Studies 85 2.4.1.1 Solvent Effect 85 2.4.1.2 Chiral Solvent Imprinting 86 2.4.1.3 Plumericin and Prismatomerin 87 2.4.1.4 2,3-Hexadiene 88 2.4.1.5 Multilayered Paracyclophane 89 2.4.1.6 Optical Activity of an Octaphyrin 90 2.5 Interview: Jonathan Goodman 90 References 93 3. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry 99 3.1 Bond Dissociation Enthalpy 99 3.1.1 Case Study of BDE: Trends in the R X BDE 102 3.2 Acidity 104 3.2.1 Case Studies of Acidity 107 3.2.1.1 Carbon Acidity of Strained Hydrocarbons 107 3.2.1.2 Origin of the Acidity of Carboxylic Acids 113 3.2.1.3 Acidity of the Amino Acids 116 3.3 Isomerism and Problems With DFT 119 3.3.1 Conformational Isomerism 119 3.3.2 Conformations of Amino Acids 121 3.3.3 Alkane Isomerism and DFT Errors 123 3.3.3.1 Chemical Consequences of Dispersion 131 3.4 Ring Strain Energy 132 3.4.1 RSE of Cyclopropane (28) and Cylcobutane (29) 138 3.5 Aromaticity 144 3.5.1 Aromatic Stabilization Energy (ASE) 145 3.5.2 Nucleus-Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) 150 3.5.3 Case Studies of Aromatic Compounds 155 3.5.3.1 [n]Annulenes 155 3.5.3.2 The Mills Nixon Effect 166 3.5.3.3 Aromaticity Versus Strain 171 3.5.4
• Stacking 173 3.6 Interview: Professor Paul Von RagueSchleyer 177 References 180 4. Pericyclic Reactions 197 4.1 The Diels Alder Reaction 198 4.1.1 The Concerted Reaction of 1,3-Butadiene with Ethylene 199 4.1.2 The Nonconcerted Reaction of 1,3-Butadiene with Ethylene 207 4.1.3 Kinetic Isotope Effects and the Nature of the Diels Alder Transition State 209 4.1.4 Transition State Distortion Energy 214 4.2 The Cope Rearrangement 215 4.2.1 Theoretical Considerations 217 4.2.2 Computational Results 219 4.2.3 Chameleons and Centaurs 227 4.3 The Bergman Cyclization 233 4.3.1 Theoretical Considerations 237 4.3.2 Activation and Reaction Energies of the Parent Bergman Cyclization 239 4.3.3 The cd Criteria and Cyclic Enediynes 244 4.3.4 Myers Saito and Schmittel Cyclization 249 4.4 Bispericyclic Reactions 256 4.5 Pseudopericyclic Reactions 260 4.6 Torquoselectivity 267 4.7 Interview: Professor Weston Thatcher Borden 278 References 282 5. Diradicals and Carbenes 297 5.1 Methylene 298 5.1.1 Theoretical Considerations of Methylene 298 5.1.2 The H C H Angle in Triplet Methylene 299 5.1.3 The Methylene and Dichloromethylene Singlet Triplet Energy Gap 300 5.2 Phenylnitrene and Phenylcarbene 304 5.2.1 The Low Lying States of Phenylnitrene and Phenylcarbene 305 5.2.2 Ring Expansion of Phenylnitrene and Phenylcarbene 312 5.2.3 Substituent Effects on the Rearrangement of Phenylnitrene 317 5.3 Tetramethyleneethane 324 5.3.1 Theoretical Considerations of Tetramethyleneethane 326 5.3.2 Is TME a Ground-State Singlet or Triplet? 326 5.4 Oxyallyl Diradical 330 5.5 Benzynes 333 5.5.1 Theoretical Considerations of Benzyne 333 5.5.2 Relative Energies of the Benzynes 336 5.5.3 Structure of m-Benzyne 341 5.5.4 The Singlet Triplet Gap and Reactivity of the Benzynes 345 5.6 Tunneling of Carbenes 349 5.6.1 Tunneling control 353 5.7 Interview: Professor Henry Fritz Schaefer 355 5.8 Interview: Professor Peter R. Schreiner 357 References 360 6. Organic Reactions of Anions 373 6.1 Substitution Reactions 373 6.1.1 The Gas Phase SN2 Reaction 374 6.1.2 Effects of Solvent on SN2 Reactions 385 6.2 Asymmetric Induction Via 1,2-Addition to Carbonyl Compounds 391 6.3 Asymmetric Organocatalysis of Aldol Reactions 404 6.3.1 Mechanism of Amine-Catalyzed Intermolecular Aldol Reactions 409 6.3.2 Mechanism of Proline-Catalyzed Intramolecular Aldol Reactions 417 6.3.3 Comparison with the Mannich Reaction 421 6.3.4 Catalysis of the Aldol Reaction in Water 426 6.3.5 Another Organocatalysis Example The Claisen Rearrangement 429 6.4 Interview: Professor Kendall N. Houk 432 References 435 7. Solution-Phase Organic Chemistry 445 7.1 Aqueous Diels Alder Reactions 446 7.2 Glucose 452 7.2.1 Models Compounds: Ethylene Glycol and Glycerol 453 7.2.1.1 Ethylene Glycol 453 7.2.1.2 Glycerol 458 7.2.2 Solvation Studies of Glucose 460 7.3 Nucleic Acids 468 7.3.1 Nucleic Acid Bases 469 7.3.1.1 Cytosine 469 7.3.1.2 Guanine 473 7.3.1.3 Adenine 475 7.3.1.4 Uracil and Thymine 477 7.3.2 Base Pairs 479 7.4 Amino Acids 489 7.5 Interview: Professor Christopher J. Cramer 492 References 496 8. Organic Reaction Dynamics 505 8.1 A Brief Introduction To Molecular Dynamics Trajectory Computations 508 8.1.1 Integrating the Equations of Motion 508 8.1.2 Selecting the PES 510 8.1.3 Initial Conditions 511 8.2 Statistical Kinetic Theories 512 8.3 Examples of Organic Reactions With Non-Statistical Dynamics 514 8.3.1 [1,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of Bicyclo[3.2.0]hex-2-ene 514 8.3.2 Life in the Caldera: Concerted versus Diradical Mechanisms 518 8.3.2.1 Rearrangement of Vinylcyclopropane to Cyclopentene 520 8.3.2.2 Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-ene 20 524 8.3.2.3 Cyclopropane Stereomutation 526 8.3.3 Entrance into Intermediates from Above 530 8.3.3.1 Deazetization of 2,3-Diazabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 31 530 8.3.4 Avoiding Local Minima 533 8.3.4.1 Methyl Loss from Acetone Radical Cation 533 8.3.4.2 Cope Rearrangement of 1,2,6-Heptatriene 534 8.3.4.3 The SN2 Reaction: HO + CH3F 536 8.3.4.4 Reaction of Fluoride with Methyl Hydroperoxide 538 8.3.5 Bifurcating Surfaces: One TS, Two Products 539 8.3.5.1 C2 C6 Enyne Allene Cyclization 540 8.3.5.2 Cycloadditions Involving Ketenes 543 8.3.5.3 Diels Alder Reactions: Steps toward Predicting Dynamic Effects on Bifurcating Surfaces 547 8.3.6 Stepwise Reaction on a Concerted Surface 550 8.3.6.1 Rearrangement of Protonated Pinacolyl Alcohol 550 8.3.7 Roaming Mechanism 551 8.3.8 A Roundabout SN2 reaction 553 8.3.9 Hydroboration: Dynamical or Statistical? 554 8.3.10 A Look at the Wolff Rearrangement 555 8.4 Conclusions 557 8.5 Interview: Professor Daniel Singleton 558 References 561 9. Computational Approaches to Understanding Enzymes 569 9.1 Models for Enzymatic Activity 569 9.2 Strategy for Computational Enzymology 573 9.2.1 High Level QM/MM Computations of Enzymes 576 9.2.2 Chorismate Mutase 578 9.2.3 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) 582 9.3 De Novo Design of Enzymes 586 References 592 Index 599.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Building upon and updating the successful first edition, the second edition of Computational Organic Chemistry introduces computational modeling methods used as standard tools by organic chemists for searching, rationalizing, and predicting structure and reactivity of organic molecules. New coverage includes: significant problems with standard DFT (density functional theory) methods; ways to address these problems; computational organic spectroscopy; computational tools for understanding enzyme mechanisms; and new interviews. The text is particularly valuable to organic, physical organic, synthetic organic, and computational chemists using computational tools.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements.Preface.
• Chapter 1. Quantum Mechanics for Organic Chemistry .
• Chapter 2. Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry.
• Chapter 3. Pericyclic Reactions.
• Chapter 4. Diradicals and Carbenes.Chapter 5.Organic Reactions of Anions.
• Chapter 6. Solution-Phase Organic Chemistry.
• Chapter 7. Organic Reaction Dynamics.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

'[This book] collects together, largely for the first time, a series of chapters dedicated to all the ways in which molecular modeling/computational chemistry can impact organic chemistry' - Christopher J. Cramer, author of "Essentials of Computational Chemistry: Theories and Models". "Computational Organic Chemistry" provides a practical overview of the ways in which computational modeling methods and applications can be used in organic chemistry to predict the structure and reactivity of organic molecules. After a concise survey of computational methods, the book presents in-depth case studies that show how various computational methods have provided critical insight into the nature of organic mechanisms. With a focus on methodologies, this unique resource: discusses simple molecular properties, pericyclic reactions, carbenes and radicals, anion chemistry, solvent effects, and more; features sidebars that offer a personal look at some of the leading practitioners in the field; conveys the strengths and limitations of each method, so that readers develop a feel for the correct 'tool' to use in the context of a specific problem; and, further informs readers with a supporting Web site that provides links to materials cited and features a blog that discusses and provides links to new relevant articles. This is a great reference for practicing physical organic and computational chemists, as well as a thought-provoking textbook for graduate-level courses in computational chemistry and organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The alkanes
• the alkenes
• the alkynes
• the arenes
• halo-alkanes
• Grignard and alkyllithium reagents
• hydroxyl compounds
• ethers
• epoxides
• thiols and thioethers
• the carbonyl group
• unsaturated carbonyl compounds
• amines
• carbohydrates
• carboxylic acids
• carboxylic esters
• amides
• acyl halides
• acid anhydrides
• cyanides (nitriles)
• bifunctional acids and esters
• amino acids peptides
• carbonic acids and their derivatives
• sulphoxides and sulphones
• sulphonic acids and their derivatives
• nitro compounds
• carbon-nitroso compounds
• heterocyclic compounds
• basic organic photochemistry
• appendices - some approximate chemical shift ranges for different groups, NMR data for some common deuterated solvents, some typical values for I.R. vibrational frequencies.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This text is designed to provide first-year students with a concise guide to the important general reactions of organic chemistry, which form the foundation of all later work. The book should enable students to understand organic reactions and the inter-relationship between organic compounds.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is about the recognition of new principles in Organic Chemistry. It is also about the discovery and invention of Chemical Reactions. In addition, it deals with the determination of structure by chemical degradation during the epoch when physical methods were not well developed. Also presented are new reagents and new types of functional groups never seen in chemistry before. The overall aim of the collected papers is to show how thought can direct original research and to demonstrate how thought about old or new chemical facts can lead to originality. This is further illuminated by commentaries which Prof Barton has written to accompany these papers.
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• pt. I. In the beginning
• pt. II. Cis-elimination
• pt. III. Conformaational analysis
• pt. IV. Triterpenoid chemistry
• pt. V. Steroidal alkaloids
• pt. VI. Sesquiterpenoids caryophyllene
• pt. VII. Plant bitter principles
• pt. VIII. Fungal metabolites
• pt. IX. Biosynthesis of phenolic alkaloids
• pt. X. The invention of photochemical reactions
• pt. XI. Nitrite photolysis
• pt. XII. Thionobenzoate photolysis
• pt. XIII. Biosynthesis of steroids
• pt. XIV. Tetracycline
• pt. XV. Electrophilic fluorination
• pt. XVI. Synthesis of l[symbol]-hydroxy- and 1[symbol], 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D[symbol]
• pt. XVII. The chemistry of penicillin
• pt. XVIII. The synthesis of highly hindered olefins
• pt. XIX. Phenylseleninic anhydride and related oxidants
• pt. XX. Deoxygenation of alcohols by radical mechanisms
• pt. XXI. Radical-anion deoxygenation and radical deamination
• pt. XXII. Deoxygenation by-paths
• pt. XXIII. Radical decarboxylation: The chemistry of barton esters
• pt. XXIV. The steroidal side chain and related matters
• pt XXV. The chemistry of Bi[symbol] and related studies
• pt. XXVI. Gif oxidation chemistry
• pt. XXVII. Further collaborative research with Dr. S.D. Gero & his colleagues
• pt. XXVIII. And what remains?

This book is about the recognition of new principles in Organic Chemistry. It is also about the discovery and invention of Chemical Reactions. In addition, it deals with the determination of structure by chemical degradation during the epoch when physical methods were not well developed. Also presented are new reagents and new types of functional groups never seen in chemistry before. The overall aim of the collected papers is to show how thought can direct original research and to demonstrate how thought about old or new chemical facts can lead to originality. This is further illuminated by commentaries which Prof Barton has written to accompany these papers.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Nobel Laureate Sir Derek Barton discusses his scientific career, which embraced tenures as Professor at Imperial College, London for 20 years before becoming Director of Research at the CNRS at Gif-sur-Yvette, France for a decade, and now professor at Texas A and M University. Barton highlights his work in natural products synthesis and structure identification, his development of novel synthetic reactions, and his recent research in radical chemistry. His volume is laced with numerous anecdotes about many famous chemists and contains 49 photographs.
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• V. 1. Chemistry of organosilicon compounds.
• v. 2. Register of organosilicon compounds. 2 v.

This book should be of interest to analytical and organic chemists and spectroscopists in both academic and industrial research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

An invaluable teaching tool now back in print, the book traces the transformation of organic chemistry from 1800 to Couper and Kekule, noting gaps in their structural theories that were filled in by later chemists.
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• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Introduction, overview, and history
• 2. Petroleum refining
• 3. The C1 fraction
• 4. The C2 fraction
• 5. The C3 fraction
• 6. The C4 fraction
• 7. The C5-C8 fraction
• 8. Benzene, toluene, xylene
• 9. The higher alkanes
• 10. Further oils and lubricants
• 11. Fuels, biofuels
• 12. Polymers
• 13. Naphthalene and higher polyaromatics
• 14. Coal as a source
• 15. Pharmaceuticals
• 16. Food chemicals and food additives
• 17. Agrochemicals
• Index.

Industrial Organic Chemistry examines all major industrial manufacturing technologies and reaction types with a focus on organic chemistry in general and petroleum refining in particular. The author takes a systematic approach to introducing the most important classes of organic compounds, from the C1 fraction through to polyaromatics and polymers. The author introduces biological sources for key compounds such as fuel and plastics and compares these bio-based organic materials to the corresponding petroleum-based chemicals. In addition to the chemistry behind processes in the petroleum, pharma, food and agrochemical industries, this book also discusses related topics such as process selectivity, waste management, and product purification.
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• 1 Aroma Compounds in Food.- 1.1 Aroma, Flavor, and Fragrance Compounds.- 1.2 Character Impact Components.- 1.3 Categories of Aromas.- 1.4 Functions of Aromas.- 1.5 Bioactivity of Aromas.- 2 The Roots: Empirical Food Biotechnologies and Formation of Aroma Compounds.- 2.1 Characterization of Yeasts.- 2.2 Aroma Development in Beer.- 2.3 Aroma Development in Wine.- 2.3.1 Yeast and Wine Aroma.- 2.3.2 Yeast Enzymes.- 2.3.3 Noble Rot Infected Grape IB.- 2.3.4 Malolactic Fermentation.- 2.3.5 Technological Developments.- 2.4 Yeast Cells As a Source of Aroma.- 2.5 Aromas of Fermented Milk.- 2.6 Bakery Products.- 2.7 Nondairy Acidic Fermentations.- 2.8 Fermented Plant Materials.- 2.9 Ethnic Food.- 2.9.1 Koji and Derivatives.- 2.9.2 Sake.- 2.9.3 Miscellaneous Fermented Food.- 2.10 Aroma Enhancement by Mixed Cultures.- 2.11 Conclusions.- 3 Why Novel Biotechnology of Aromas?.- 3.1 Aromas from Living Cells.- 3.2 The Legal Situation.- 3.3 The Potential of Biocatalysts.- 4 Laboratory Requirements and Techniques.- 4.1 Laboratory Equipment.- 4.2 The Biological Materials.- 4.3 Laboratory-Scale Cultivation.- 4.4 Nutrient Media.- 4.5 Analysis of Nonvolatiles.- 4.6 Analysis of Volatile Bioflavors.- 4.6.1 Chirospecific Gas Chromatography.- 4.6.2 Stable Isotope Analysis: IRMS and SNIF-NMR.- 5 Aroma Compounds from Microbial De Novo Synthesis.- 5.1 A Short History of Bioflavors.- 5.2 Oligo - Isoprenoids.- 5.3 Aliphatics.- 5.3.1 Carboxylic Acids.- 5.3.2 Lipoxygenase and Cyclooxygenase Products.- 5.3.3 Carbonyls.- 5.3.4 Alkanols.- 5.3.5 Esters.- 5.4 Aromatics.- 5.4.1 Vanillin.- 5.4.2 Cinnamates.- 5.4.3 Heterocycles.- 5.5 Degradation of Off-Odor.- 5.6 Are Microbial Volatiles Secondary Metabolites?.- 6 Biotransformation/Bioconversion.- 6.1 Monoterpenes.- 6.2 Sesquiterpenes.- 6.3 Fatty Acid Derivatives.- 6.4 Aromatics and Heterocycles.- 7 Enzyme Technology.- 7.1 Lipases.- 7.1.1 Lipolysis.- 7.1.2 Kinetic Resolution of Racemates.- 7.1.3 Reverse Hydrolysis.- 7.1.4 Nonaqueous Reaction Media.- 7.1.5 Immobilization.- 7.2 Carbohydrases.- 7.2.1 Glycosidic Aroma Precursors.- 7.2.2 Other Glycanases.- 7.3 Proteases.- 7.4 Oxidoreductases.- 7.5 Miscellaneous Enzymes.- 7.6 Cofactor Recycling.- 8 Genetically Altered Catalysts.- 8.1 Mutants and Fusants.- 8.2 In Vitro rDNA Technique.- 8.2.1 Enzymes.- 8.2.2 Lactococci HO.- 8.2.3 Yeasts.- 8.2.4 Higher Fungi.- 8.2.5 Non-Food Species.- 9 Plant Catalysts.- 9.1 Plant Enzymes.- 9.1.1 Lipoxygenase Derived Aromas.- 9.2 Precursor Atmosphere Stored Fruits.- 9.3 In Vitro Plant Cell Culture.- 9.3.1 De Novo Syntheses.- 9.3.2 Differentiated Cells.- 9.3.3 Conversion and Conjugation Of Substrates.- 9.3.4 Key Parameters for the Production Of Aromas.- 9.3.5 Phototrophic in Vitro Cells.- 9.3.6 Plant Genetic Engineering.- 9.3.7 Scaling-Up Experiments.- 10 Bioprocess Technology.- 10.1 Bioreactor Design.- 10.1.1 Mode of Operation.- 10.1.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor.- 10.1.3 Application of Membranes.- 10.1.4 Solid State Reactor.- 10.1.5 Alternative Reactors.- 10.2 Process Monitoring.- 10.3 Downstreaming Volatile Flavors.- 10.3.1 Degradation of Volatiles.- 10.3.2 Inhibition Phenomena.- 10.3.3 Solid/Liquid Separation.- 10.3.4 Electrodialysis.- 10.3.5 Reactive Extraction.- 10.3.6 Two Phase Extraction.- 10.3.7 Solid Phase Extraction.- 10.3.8 Gas Extraction.- 10.3.9 Membranes.- 11 Toward an Industrial Application.- 11.1 Rapid Process Improvement.- 11.1.1 Improved Biotransformation.- 11.1.2 Improved De Novo Synthesis.- 11.2 Scaling-Up.- 11.3 Profitability Aspects.- 11.4 Present Industrial Applications.- 12 Outlook.- References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Aroma biotechnology opens access to natural volatile flavors. Due to the attribute of "naturalness" these aromas are the most valuable ingredients for foods, cosmetics and related products. The author describes biocatalyzed reactions and biogenetic routes leading to aroma and flavor compounds and he depicts in detail their utilisation in industrial scale processes. All the important topics, including de-novo-synthesis, genetic engineering, in vitro rDNA methods, laboratory requirements and techniques, upscaling, product recovery, profitability, and legal aspects are covered. R.G. Berger contributes his own experimental experience to all except one chapter and leads the reader into state-of-the-art aroma biotechnology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
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Arthur Birch, esteemed Australian organic chemist, was Professor of Organic Chemistry at Manchester, England, before returning to his home country to help establish the Research School of Chemistry at the Australian National University, Canberra. He is most renowned for inventing and developing the "Birch Reduction" of aromatic ring systems which has been a mainstay in synthetic organic chemistry. His autobiography is rich in detailing his early schooling in the 1930s in Australia and his studies under Sir Robert Robinson at Oxford and Alexander Todd at Cambridge. Well over 50 photographs enhance this intimate and revealing autobiography, which includes a 50-page collection of philosophies on science, funding, personalities of various famous chemists and personalities of chemistry in different countries, family life, and the nature of research collaborations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introductory General Chemistry - Organic Chemistry and Saturated Hydrocarbons - Unsaturated Hydrocarbons - Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, and Their Sulphur Analogues - Aldehydes and Ketones - Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Other Derivatives - Amines and Amides - Stereoisomerism - Carbohydrates - Lipids - Proteins - Nucleic Acids - An Overview of Metabolism, and the Role of Enzymes - Carbohydrate Metabolism - The Metabolism of Fatty Acids - Amino Acid Metabolism - Hormones and the Control of Metabolic Interrelationships -
• Appendix 1: Nomenclature: Naming Chemical Compounds -
• Appendix 2: Significant Figures -
• Appendix 3: Scientific Notation -
• Appendix 4: Molarity - Glossary - Answers to Problems Following In-Chapter Worked Examples - Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises - Credits - Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Praised for its clear, comprehensive explanations, the second edition of this approachable textbook gives students a tangible understanding of chemical principles rather than just encouraging them to remember facts. This streamlined paperback edition contains all organic and biochemistry chapters from the main text (ISBN 0-7167-4375-2) as well as two exclusive general chemistry chapters not contained in the main text. Supplements of this book are: Instructor's CD-ROM (0-7167-6199-8); Overhead Transparencies (0-7167-6164-5); Test Bank (0-7167-6165-3); Test Bank CD-ROM (0-7167-6161-0); Student Solutions Manual (0-7167-7373-2); Study Guide (0-7167-6167-X); Laboratory Manual (0-7167-7372-4); and Instructor's Solutions Manual (0-7167-7372-4).
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Structure and Bonding
• Chapter 2. Acids and Bases
• Chapter 3. Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Chapter 4. Stereochemistry
• Chapter 5. Structure and Properties of Alkenes
• Chapter 6. Reaction Mechanisms
• Chapter 7. Reactions of Alkenes
• Chapter 8. Alkynes
• Chapter 9. Characterization
• Chapter 10. Organohalides
• Chapter 11. Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• Chapter 12. Alcohols
• Chapter 13. Ethers
• Chapter 14. Sulfur Compounds
• Chapter 15. Conjugated Systems
• Chapter 16. Aromatic Compounds
• Chapter 17. Reactions of Benzene and Other Aromatic Compounds
• Chapter 18. Aldehydes and Ketones
• Chapter 19. Carboxylic Acids
• Chapter 20. Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids
• Chapter 21. Alpha-Substitution Reactions in Carbonyl Compounds
• Chapter 22. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Final Exam Answer to Quizzes and Final Exam Appendix A: Periodic Table of the Elements Appendix B: Families and Functional Groups Glossary Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

You don't need genius DNA to master organic chemistry! Whether you're taking a chemistry class or studying for the MCAT or DAT, Organic Chemistry Demystified is your formulas for learning or reviewing fundamental concepts and theories step-by-step. This practical guide eases you into this sometimes challenging subject, starting with atomic structure and mass. As you progress, you will master organic chemistry essentials such as the reactivity of functional groups, the three-dimensional structure of molecules, reaction mechanisms, and more. You will understand how compounds are named and how to predict reactions. Detailed examples make it easy to understand the material, and end-of-chapter quizzes and a final exam help reinforce key ideas. It's a no-brainer! You'll learn about: Molecular orbitals and bonding Acidic and basic properties of organic molecules Structure and properties of functional groups Characterization of molecules Substitution and elimination reactions Reaction mechanisms Stereochemistry Predicting reaction pathways Simple enough for a beginner, but challenging enough for an advanced student, Organic Chemistry Demystified, Second Edition, helps you master this essential subject.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• ch. 1. Short introduction to basic principles and methods
• ch. 2. Recognition of structural fragments by NMR
• ch. 3. Problems
• ch. 4. Solutions to problems.

• Chapter 1: Basic Background to Atomic Spectroscopy.
• Chapter 2: Instrumentations Associated With Atomic Spectroscopy.
• Chapter 3: Methodologies of Metal Analysis of Organic Matrices Using ICP-OES.
• Chapter 4: Analysis of Plastics, Fibres and Textiles for Metals Content using ICP-OES.
• Chapter 5: Metal Analysis of Virgin and Crude Petroleum Products.
• Chapter 6: Metal Analysis of Structural Adhesives.
• Chapter 7: Hyphenated and Miscellaneous Techniques Used With ICP-OES.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

There has been significant expansion in the application of atomic spectrographic techniques in recent years, which has brought with it the need to provide more flexible methods to a wider range of samples, particularly non-aqueous samples. This book compares the traditional and improved methods in the analysis of non-aqueous samples for elemental analyses by atomic emission spectroscopic methods whilst describing procedures that will attempt to improve sample preparation methods.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Introduction
• Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy
• Infrared Spectroscopy
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy
• Mass Spectrometry
• Problems
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The availability of modern spectroscopic methods has greatly reduced the need for traditional techniques of structure determination. No longer is it necessary to selectively degrade an organic molecule into smaller recognisable fragments and then attempt to reconstitute the parent structure from them. Nowadays the data obtained from the intact molecule can frequently be interpreted within a few hours to define not only the whole structure but also the details of its stereochemistry. In this book the four techniques most commonly used by organic chemists are introduced and explained. While each has its limitations, together these methods combine to form such an impressive weapon that even very complex structures can be unravelled without recourse to X-ray crystallography. The book is not designed to provide a detailed account of instrumentation or theory of the techniques presented; however, a bibliography is provided for those readers wishing to pursue any of these areas further.
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• Radical Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions at the Saturated C Atom Additions to the Olefinic C=C Double Bond Eliminations Substitution Reactions on Aromatic Compounds Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions (Except Through Enolates) on the Carboxyl Carbon Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Heterocumulenes Additions of Heteroatom Nucleophiles to Carbonyl Compounds and Their Secondary Reactions Addition of H Nucleophiles and Metal Organyls to Carbonyl Compounds Reaction of Ylides with Saturated or Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds Chemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metal Enolates Rearrangements Thermal Cycloadditions Transition Metal-Mediated Alkenylations, Arylations and Alkynylations Oxidations and Reductions.
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A best-selling mechanistic organic chemistry text in Germany, this text's translation into English fills a long-existing need for a modern, thorough and accessible treatment of reaction mechanisms for students of organic chemistry at the advanced undergraduate and graduate level. Knowledge of reaction mechanisms is essential to all applied areas of organic chemistry; this text fulfills that need by presenting the right material at the right level.
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• v.
• 1. The spectral NMR parameters of compounds with analyzed spectra.

In this innovative text, Bruice balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry to show how organic chemistry is related to biological systems and to our daily lives. Functional groups are organized around mechanistic similarities, emphasizing what functional groups do rather than how they are made. Tying together the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds resulting from its reactivity prevents students from needing to memorize lists of unrelated reactions. The Sixth Edition has been revised and streamlined throughout to enhance clarity and accessibility, and adds a wealth of new problems and problem-solving strategies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
This innovative text organizes functional groups around mechanistic similarities emphasizing what functional groups do rather than how they are made. The strategy of tying together the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds resulting from its reactivity prevents students from having to memorize lists of unrelated reactions. This organization allows a great deal of material to be understood in light of unifying principles of reactivity. Bruice balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry to show how organic chemistry is related to biological systems and to our daily lives. The Sixth Edition has been revised and streamlined throughout to enhance clarity and accessibility, and adds a wealth of new problems and problem-solving strategies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

For full-year courses in organic chemistry taken by science and pre-health professions majors. This innovative text is organized in a way that discourages rote memorization, by emphasizing what functional groups do rather than how they are made, highlighting mechanistic similarities and tying synthesis and reactivity together. Bruice's writing has been praised for anticipating students' questions, appealing to their visual and problem solving needs. The text balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry, recognizing the importance of bioorganic topics to today's students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of "Organic""Chemistry"follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
This package includes a physical copy of Organic Chemistry, 7th edition by Paula Bruice as well as access to the eText and MasteringChemistry. All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of Organic Chemistry follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying. MyLab and Mastering from Pearson improve results for students and educators. Used by over ten million students, they effectively engage learners at every stage. With proven success, Mastering has helped students make strides in learning for over 10 years. MasteringChemistry has immersive content and tools that are so engaging that Ann Verner, at the University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada, said, "MasteringChemistry is the best online chemistry homework program that I have used. The structure of the questions and the hints motivate the students to continue working on the problems, and the immediate feedback increases their confidence." With MasteringChemistry, students gain knowledge that they will use throughout their lives, and universities gain a partner deeply committed to helping students and educators achieve their goals. For students *Pearson eText gives you access to an eBook that can be used on the go, and allows you to highlight, search and take notes as you read online. Access to the eBook depends on the package you have bought. * You can work through the problems at your own pace, opening hints if you need help. If you make an error, you are given feedback based on that specific mistake so you can learn from it. *PhET simulations let you to get hands on to understand how the theory and daily life link up. These fun, interactive, research-based simulations of physical phenomena come from the PhET(TM) project at the University of Colorado. For educators *Online assignments, tests, quizzes can be easily created and assigned to students. *Gradebook: Assignments are automatically graded and visible at a glance. Register now to benefit from these resources. A student access code card is included with your textbook at a reduced cost. To register with your code, visit www.masteringchemistry.com. For educator access, contact your Pearson account manager. To find out who your account manager is, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/replocator For more instructor resources available with this title, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

For full-year courses in organic chemistry taken by science and pre-health professions majors. This innovative text from acclaimed educator Paula Bruice is organized in a way that discourages rote memorization. It highlights mechanistic similarities and ties synthesis and reactivity together-teaching the reactivity of a functional group and the synthesis of compounds obtained as a result of that reactivity. Bruice's writing has been praised for anticipating students' questions and appeals to their need to learn visually and by solving problems. Emphasizing that students should reason their way to solutions rather than memorize facts, Bruice encourages students to think about what they have learned previously and apply that knowledge in a new setting. The text balances coverage of traditional topics with bioorganic chemistry, recognizing the importance of bioorganic topics to today's students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)