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• chapter 1 Introduction to Green Chemistry
• chapter 2 Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry
• chapter 3 Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry
• chapter 4 Green Organic Reactions "on Water"
• chapter 5 Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water
• chapter 6 Green "Solventless" Organic Reactions
• chapter 7 Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State
• chapter 8 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Introduction to Sustainability
• chapter 9 Chemical Industry and Its Greening An Overview of Metrics
• chapter 10 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry
• chapter 11 Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry
• chapter 12 Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry
• chapter 13 Greening Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiments

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments.The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such asEngineeringThe chemical industryThe pharmaceutical industryAnalytical chemistryEnvironmental chemistryEach chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included.By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.--Provided by publisher

• part 1. Biological medicine
• part 2. Biological materials
• part 3. Biological science

• Note continued: Study Problems
• Why We Synthesize Organic Compounds
• Synthetic Challenges: Total Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Semisynthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Biomimetic Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Structural Revision or Confirmation
• Synthetic Challenges: Formal Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Resolution of Enantiomers to Obtain Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Pool Compounds for Synthesis of Optically Pure Natural Products
• Use of Chiral Reagents for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Substrate Control for Stereoselective Synthesis
• Use of Chiral Auxiliaries for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Catalysis for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Enzymes for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds: Biocatalysis
• Some Final Thoughts
• Study Problems.

• Machine generated contents note: The Unique Role of Carbon
• Distinguishing Primary Versus Secondary Metabolism
• Secondary Metabolites and Natural Products
• Natural Products in Organic Chemistry and Medicine
• The Organic Chemistry of Biosynthesis
• Goals and Structure of This Book
• Review of Functional Groups, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis
• Prochiral Relationships: One Step from Chirality
• Prochiral it-Systems: "Two-Faced" Reaction Centers
• Diastereotopic Atoms and Groups: One Step from a Diasteroeomer
• Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes: Favoring Equatorial Positions
• Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: Equivalent and Nonequivalent Combinations
• Bicyclic Systems: Joining of Rings
• Heterocyclic Ring Systems: One Atom Makes All the Difference
• Bond Making and Breaking: Have Pair, Will Share; Need Two from You
• Bronsted Acid-Base Reactions: Proton Donors Gladly Accepted
• Acidity Trends: Why that Proton Is or Isn't Acidic
• Carbocations: Three Bonds to Carbon Can Be a Plus
• Radicals: Odd and Reactive
• Elimination Reactions: Introducing the Carbon-Carbon n-Bond
• Carbocations: Rearrangements and Fates
• Electrophilic Additions: n-Bonds as Nucleophilic Agents
• Nucleophilic Substitutions and Alkylations: Make or Break for C-X Bonds
• Nucleophilic Carbonyl Addition Reactions: C=O n-Bond under Attack
• Imine Formation: Making the Essential C=N Linkage
• Nucleophilic 1,4-(Conjugate) Addition Reactions: Remote Attack on Conjugated Carbonyls
• Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions: Turning One Acyl Compound into Another
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Enzymes: The Catalysts of Biological Organic Chemistry
• Cofactors: Enzyme Assistants in Bioorganic Reactions
• NADH/NADPH: Nature's Version of Sodium Borohydride for Carbonyl Reduction
• NAD+/NADP+: Nature's Version of PCC for Alcohol Oxidation
• FAD: Another Hydride Acceptor for Dehydrogenations
• Monooxygenases: Special Delivery of One 0 atom from 02
• Dioxygenases: Delivering Both 0 Atoms from 02
• Other Oxidations: Hydroquinone and Catechol Oxidations
• Amine Oxidations: From Imines to Carbonyl Compounds and Beyond
• PLP: Transamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids
• Other Important Decarboxylations: 13-Keto Acids, o- and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acids
• Thiamine Diphosphate (TPP) and Lipoic Acid: Decarboxylation and Acyl Transfer
• Biotin: The CO2 Carrier, Transport, and Transfer Agent
• SAM: A C1 Fragment for Methyl Groups
• DMAPP: An Allylic C, Fragment for Structure Building
• Other Essential Structural Fragments: Putting it All Together
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Makes a Carbohydrate?
• Cyclic Hemiacetals and Anomers
• C-2 Epimers and Enediols[--]Simple Conversion of One Carbohydrate into Another
• Other Important Monosaccharides: Deoxy and Amino Sugars
• The Significance of the Anomeric Carbon: Glycoside Formation
• UDP-Sugars and Glycoside Formation: SN2 Chemistry at Work
• Organic Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Overview of Glucose Metabolism
• Glycolysis: A 10-Step Program
• What Happens to the Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis
• The Citric Acid Cycle: Another 10-Step Program
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Seven Alternative Steps to Some Familiar Intermediates
• The Big Picture
• Amino Acids: More Important Primary Metabolite Building Blocks for Biosynthesis
• Biosynthesis of Serine: A Good Place to Start
• Peptides and Proteins: A Very Brief Review
• Putting Proteins and Carbohydrates Together: Glycoproteins Versus Protein Glycosylation
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Classification of Terpenes: How Many Isoprene Units?
• The Mevalonic Acid Route to DMAPP and IPP
• The Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Route to IPP and DMAPP
• Hemiterpenes: Just One Isoprene Unit
• Monoterpenes (C10) and Isoprene Linkage: Heads, IPP Wins; Tails, DMAPP Loses
• Geranyl PP to Neryl PP via Linalyl PP: The Importance of Alkene Stereochemistry
• Some Acyclic Monoterpenes and Their Uses
• Mono- and Bicyclic Monoterpenes via Cationic Cyclizations and Wagner-Meerwein Shifts
• What's that Smell? Limonene Derivatives as Flavor and Fragrance Compounds
• Irregular Monoterpenes: If Not Head-to-Tail, then How?
• Iridoids: From Catnip to Alkaloids
• Sesquiterpenes (C15): Linking of Different Starter Units
• Some FPP Cyclizations in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis
• Trichodiene and the Trichothecenes: How to Trace a Rearrangement Pathway
• Diterpenes (C20): Taking it to the Next Level of Molecular Complexity and Diversity
• Cyclic Diterpenes: From Baseball and Plant Hormones to Anticancer Drugs
• Sesterterpenes (C25): Less Common, More Complex
• Triterpenes and Steroids: Another Case of Irregular Linkage of Terpene Units
• Oxidosqualene and Steroid Biosynthesis: Cyclization to Lanosterol and Beyond
• Conversion of Lanosterol (C30) to Cholesterol (C27): Where Did the Carbons Go?
• Conversions of Cholesterol: Production of the Sex Hormones
• Dehydrocholesterol, Sunshine, and Vitamin D3 Biosynthesis
• Tetraterpenes and Carotenoids: Tail-to-Tail Linkage of C20 Units
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Fatty Acids: Multiples of Two Carbons, Saturated or Unsaturated
• Saturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: It All Starts with Acetyl-CoA
• Branched Fatty Acids: Different Routes and Different Results
• Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Putting in the "Essential" Double Bonds
• Aerobic Versus Anaerobic Routes to Desaturation
• Further Desaturation of Fatty Acids: Triple Bonds and Rings
• Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes: The Power of Oxygenated FAs
• Polyketide Biosynthesis: More Starter Units and Extender Units, but with a Twist
• Aromatic Polyketide Natural Products: Phenols and Related Structures
• Isotopic Labeling Studies: Biosynthetic Insights via 13C NMR
• Further Modification of Polyketides: Alkylations, Oxidations, Reductions, and Decarboxylations
• Other Oxidative Modifications of Aromatic Rings: Expansion or Cleavage Processes
• Oxidative Coupling of Phenols: Formation of Aryl-Aryl Bonds
• The Use of Other Starter Groups: From Cancer Drugs and Antibiotics to Poison Ivy
• More on Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Systems: Increasing Product Diversity
• Modular Type I PKS Complexes and Macrolide Antibiotics: Erythromycin Biosynthesis
• Genetic Manipulation of Modular PKS Systems: Rational Drug Modification
• Some Final PKS Products of Medicinal Importance
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Is Shikimic Acid?
• Shikimic, Chorismic, and Prephenic Acids at the Heart of the Pathway
• The Claisen Rearrangement: Allyl Vinyl Ethers in a Chair
• Conversion of Chorismic Acid to Prephenic Acid
• Conversion of Prephenic Acid to Phenylalanine or Tyrosine
• More Uses for Chorismic Acid
• Shikimic Acid Pathway Products from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine: An Overview
• Phenylpropanoids: A Large Family of Phenyl C3 Compounds
• Phenylpropanoids: Reduction of Acids to Phenyl C3 Aldehydes and Alcohols
• Reduction of Phenyl C3 Alcohols to Phenylpropenes
• Lignans and Lignin: Oxidative Phenolic Coupling with a Twist
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Allyl C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Ortho C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: O-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Lignin: A Plant Polymer and Major Source of Carbon
• Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis: Aryltetralin Lignans from the American Mayapple
• Cleavage of Cinnamic Acids to Phenyl Cl Compounds: Different Routes, Similar Outcomes
• Coumarins: Sweet-Smelling Benzopyrones
• Mixed Products: Combining the Shikimate, Polyketide, and Terpenoid Pathways
• Kavalactones: Natural Sedatives from the South Pacific
• Flavonoids: Structurally Diverse Plant Polyphenolics
• The Chalcone-to-Flavanone-to-Flavone Sequence: Formation of Apigenin
• The Flavanone-to-Dihydroflavonol-to-Anthocyanin Sequence: Formation of Pelargonidin
• The Flavanone-to-Isoflavanone-to-Isoflavone Sequence: Formation of Genistein
• Isoflavanoid Structural Modifications: Production of Antimicrobial Phytoalexins
• Rotenoids: Fish Poisons from Isoflavones
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Alkaloid Structure: The Importance of N-Heterocycles
• Alkaloids Not Derived from Amino Acids: Amination Reactions, Poisons, and Venoms
• Amino Acids and Mannich Reactions: Important Keys to Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• Alkaloids from Ornithine: Tropanes via the Mannich Reaction in Action
• Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Poison Plants and Insect Defense
• Piperidine-Type Alkaloids Derived from Lysine
• Quinolizidine Alkaloids: Livestock Poisons from Cadaverine
• Alkaloids from Phenylalanine: From Neurotransmitters to Decongestants and Narcotics
• Alkaloids from Tyrosine: The Pictet-Spengler Reaction in Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• (S)-Reticuline: A Versatile Pictet-Spengler-Derived Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline
• Oxidative Coupling in Alkaloid Biosynthesis: Biosynthesis of Corytuberine and Morphine
• The Morphine Rule
• Alkaloids from Tryptophan: Adventures in Indole Alkaloid Structural Complexity
• Pictet-Spengler-Type Reactions of Tryptamine: p-Carbolines and Indole Terpene Alkaloids
• Alkaloids from Nicotinic Acid: Toxic Addictive Derivatives of a Common Nutrient
• Alkaloids from Anthranilic Acid: From Tryptophan to Quinolines and Acridines
• Alkaloids from Histidine: From Simple Amides to Glaucoma Drugs
• Purine Alkaloids: Addictive Stimulants in our Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate
• Cyclic and Macrocyclic Peptides: From Sweeteners to Antibiotics and Beyond
• Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenums: The Essential p-Lactam Antibiotics
• A Final Look Ahead.

Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Flash Point
• 2. Autoignition
• 3. Flammability Limit
• 4. Heat of Combustion
• 5. Polymer Flammability
• Problems
• Answers to Problems
• List of Symbols
• Appendix
• References
• Index

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Introducing High-Resolution NMR
• 3. Practical Aspects of High-Resolution NMR
• 4. One-Dimensional Techniques
• 5. Introducing Two-Dimensional and Pulsed Field Gradient NMR
• 6. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond I: Homonuclear Shift Correlation
• 7. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond II: Heteronuclear Shift Correlation
• 8. Separating Shifts and Couplings: J-Resolved and Pure Shift Spectroscopy
• 9. Correlations Through Space: The Nuclear Overhauser Effect
• 10. Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy
• 11. Protein-Ligand Screening by NMR
• 12. Experimental Methods
• 13. Structure Elucidation and Spectrum Assignment.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition describes the most important NMR spectroscopy techniques for the structure elucidation of organic molecules and the investigation of their behaviour in solution. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, research chemists and NMR facility managers, this thorough revision covers practical aspects of NMR techniques and instrumentation, data collection, and spectrum interpretation. It describes all major classes of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlations, the nuclear Overhauser effect, diffusion measurements, and techniques for studying protein-ligand interactions. A trusted authority on this critical expertise, High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is an essential resource for every chemist and NMR spectroscopist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Students' Attention on Curved Arrows While Evaluating the Plausibility of an Organic Mechanistic Step--Supporting Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Augmented Reality - An Explorative Interview Study--Representational Competence Under the Magnifying Glass - The Interplay Between Student Reasoning Skills, Conceptual Understanding, and the Nature of Representation--Fostering Causal Mechanistic Reasoning as a Means of Modelling in Organic Chemistry--Students' Reasoning in Chemistry Arguments and Designing Resources Using Constructive Alignment--From Free Association to Goal-directed Problem-solving - Network Analysis of Students' Use of Chemical Concepts in Mechanistic Reasoning--Epistemic Stances in Action - Students' Reasoning Process While Reflecting About Alternative Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry--How Do Students Reason When They Have to Describe the "What" and "Why" of a Given Reaction Mechanism?--In-the-moment Learning of Organic Chemistry During Interactive Lectures Through the Lens of Practical Epistemology Analysis--Flipped Classrooms in Organic Chemistry - A Closer Look at Student Reasoning Through Discourse Analysis of a Group Activity--Systemic Assessment Questions as a Means of Assessment in Organic Chemistry--Variations in the Teaching of Resonance - An Exploration of Organic Chemistry Instructors' Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge--Investigation of Students' Conceptual Understanding in Organic Chemistry Through Systemic Synthesis Questions--Disciplining Perception Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Embodied Actions--Building Bridges Between Tasks and Flasks - Design of a Coherent Experiment-supported Learning Environment for Deep Reasoning in Organic Chemistry--Assessment of Assessment in Organic Chemistry - Review and Analysis of Predominant Problem Types Related to Reactions and Mechanisms--Developing Machine Learning Models for Automated Analysis of Organic Chemistry Students' Written Descriptions of Organic Reaction Mechanisms--Deveopment of a Generalizable Framework for Machine Learning-based Evaluation of Written Explanations of Reaction Mechanisms from the Post-secondary Organic Chemistry Curriculum--The Central Importance of Assessing "Doing Science" to Research and Instruction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reasoning about structure-reactivity and chemical processes is a key competence in chemistry. Especially in organic chemistry, students experience difficulty appropriately interpreting organic representations and reasoning about the underlying causality of organic mechanisms. As organic chemistry is often a bottleneck for students' success in their career, compiling and distilling the insights from recent research in the field will help inform future instruction and the empowerment of chemistry students worldwide. This book brings together leading research groups to highlight recent advances in chemistry education research with a focus on the characterization of students' reasoning and their representational competencies, as well as the impact of instructional and assessment practices in organic chemistry. Written by leaders in the field, this title is ideal for chemistry education researchers, instructors and practitioners, and graduate students in chemistry education.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Proceedings of ECSOC-1, The First International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, (Sept. 1-30, 1997)
• Proceedings of ECSOC-2, The Second International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry, (Sept. 1-30, 1998)
• Molecules 1997 Volume 2 Annual CD-ROM
• Molecules 1998 Volume 3 Annual CD-ROM
• MDPI available samples CD-ROM

• Introduction Mechanical Properties of Materials as They Relate to Adhesives Mechanical Tests of Adhesive Bond Performance Basics of Intermolecular Forces and Surface Science Basic Physical/Chemical Properties of Polymers Relationship of Surface Science and Adhesion Science Surface Preparation of Adherends for Adhesive Bonding Chemistry and Physical Properties of Structural Adhesives Chemistry and Physical Properties of Elastomer-Based Adhesives Thermoplastic, Pseudothermoplastic, and Other Adhesives Basis for Adhesive Bond Design Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book describes, in clear understandable language, the three main disciplines of adhesion technology: 1) mechanics of the adhesive bond, 2) chemistry of adhesives, and 3) surface science. Some knowledge of physical and organic chemistry is assumed, but no familiarity with the science of adhesion is required. The emphasis is on understanding adhesion, how surfaces can be prepared and modified, and how adhesives can be formulated to perform a given task. Throughout the book, the author provides a broad view of the field, with a consistent style that leads the reader from one step to the next in gaining an understanding of the science. The 4th edition has additional content covering sustainability (use of natural products in adhesives) and bonding of composite materials. There are also updates and small improvements throughout, together with some new review questions aprovided at the end of the chapters.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• OLED Fundamentals
• OLED Material Design
• Device Fabrication
• Display Design
• Lighting
• Encapsulation + Flexible Technology
• Degradation
• Recent Topics.

This handbook presents a wide range of information regarding the technology of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), from the basic physics of light-emitting devices to the applications for organic-light-emitting technologies, such as OLED displays for mobile phones and large-screen televisions and OLED lighting. The remarkable advances in the performance of OLEDs reported these days are mainly due to the improvement of organic material design and the enhancement of light extraction. In the first two chapters of this handbook, device and material design strategies aimed at high-performance OLEDs suitable for low power consumption and highly durable applications are addressed. The latest advancements in molecular design are also discussed, including state-of-the-art â#x80; thermally-activated delayed fluorescenceâ#x80; #x9D; technology, which employs a novel concept to move â#x80; forbiddenâ#x80; #x9D; triplet exciton energy back to a singlet state so that 100% internal quantum efficiency can be achieved. For optimized electrical properties and light emission, OLEDs are normally composed of several layers, each of which plays a different part, such as a hole-injection layer, hole-transport layer, emission layer and electron-transport layer. The design requirements of organic molecules suitable for each layer are discussed. To manufacture OLEDs, several key technologies are being pursued. The most popular method is vacuum evaporation, which is used in nearly all of the OLED products currently on the market. Several technologies that could improve manufacturing yield and lower processing costs, such as inkjet and roll-to-roll printing, have been proposed and are being actively developed. These device fabrication methodologies are discussed and weighed in terms of their advantages and disadvantages. The main applications for OLEDs are displays and lighting. Display designs for active-matrix driving and passive-matrix driving, as well as in-pixel and out-pixel compensation, which eliminates luminous non-uniformity, are discussed, along with an analysis of TFT backplane technologies. The lighting chapter focuses on the principles and advances made in tandem OLEDs comprised of multiple devices in a single stack, which can significantly extend device lifetime. Also, light extraction technology that has boosted OLED efficiency to nearly that of inorganic LEDs is discussed. The subsequent chapter addresses the hot topic of flexible OLED displays and lighting. As the devices are very sensitive to atmospheric moisture, the high-performance barrier films necessary for implementing practical flexible devices are covered. Organic devices were originally thought to be limited by device lifetimes shorter than those of their inorganic counterparts. However, a white OLED device with a lifetime of tens of thousands of hours has already been reported, which is very close to the lifetime of inorganic LEDs. In closing, the latest degradation mechanism studies on OLEDs are presented, revealing both our current understanding of degradation and the challenges that remain for further improving device lifetimes.

• Structure and physical properties- inductive and mesomeric effects
• basic stereochemistry
• reaction mechanisms - basic principles
• organic acids and bases
• halogen compounds
• alcohols, phenols and ethers
• aldehydes and ketones
• carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• alkenes and alkynes
• aromatic compounds
• amines, amino acids and diazonium salts
• free radical reactions
• guided route and short answer questions
• comments and outline answers to self-test questions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book covers the first year of undergraduate courses in organic chemistry. Each chapter provides notes followed by examples showing how to approach all the different problems which occur at this level. Each chapter concludes with questions taken from examination papers. The author also wrote "Ionic Organic Mechanisms".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction to Aromatic Fluorination
• 2. Halex Chemistry
• 3. The Balz-Schiemann Reaction and Related Chemistry
• 4. Other Aromatic Fluorination Methodologies
• 5. Trifluoromethylaromatics
• 6. Trifluoromethylthioaromatics and Trifluoromethylsulfonylaromatics
• 7. Other Aromatic Ring Substituents
• 8. Industrial Aspects of Aromatic Fluorine Chemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Academia and industry join forces in Aromatic Fluorination, as an expert from each domain contributes to this new text on fluorination of carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings. The book begins with a discussion of fluorine's unique combination of properties, including size, electronic effects, and hydrophobicity, as well as the historical development of its product applications. It explains methods for introducing fluorine into an aromatic ring, focusing on nucleophilic fluorine transfer reactions. The role of catalysts, solvents, and other variables are examined, and the scope and limitations of the methods are discussed. Of particular interest to those working in non-specialist laboratories, Aromatic Fluorination includes detailed descriptions of the new electrophilic routes to fluoroaromatics, in addition to traditional routes and alternative methods involving radical chemistry. Because one of the most important fluorine-containing substituent is CF3, the book explains routes to benzotrifluorides (ArCF3), including traditional industrial methods and modern alternatives employing C-1 halofluorocarbons and other fluoroaliphatics. An alternative to CF3 is CF3S, and several methods of synthesizing aromatic CF3S-containing molecules are described. Since the successful development and diverse applications of aromatic fluorine compounds have led to the search for new compounds and novel substituents, the incorporation of other substituents is also explored. Aromatic Fluorination concludes with discussion of the factors responsible for the successful development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and liquid crystal applications and the potential for applications in high-performance polymers and other areas. This section also describes in detail important industrial aromatic fluorination processes and the relative merits of different process technologies and their costs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Introduction / Andrew M. Harned
• chapter 2 Alcohols and Phenols as Hydrogen Bonding Catalysts / Yunus Emre Türkmen
• chapter 3 Phosphoric Acid Catalysis / Jia-Hui Tay
• chapter 4 Halogen Bond Catalysis
• An Emerging Paradigm in Organocatalysis / Choon-Hong Tan
• chapter 5 Catalysis with Selenium and Sulfur / Yi An Cheng
• chapter 6 Use of Phosphine Oxides as Catalysts and Precatalysts / Zhiqi Lao
• chapter 7 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
• Homoenolate and Enolate Reactivity / Xinqiang Fang
• chapter 8 Other Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysts / Andrew M. Harned.

Since the 1990s the synthetic community has shown a growing interest in the development of catalytic reactions that employ entirely organic catalysts - so-called 'organocatalysts'. With the current emphasis on green chemistry throughout the chemical industry, organocatalysis has become indispensible. In spite of this growth and recognition, there can be a misconception that organocatalysts are only based on nitrogen-containing functional groups (amines, ureas, and quaternary ammonium salts, for example), and are only useful for asymmetric reactions. Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysis shows that the umbrella of organocatalysis covers other main group elements besides nitrogen, and the coverage is not just limited to asymmetric methods. Many of the catalysts and mechanisms discussed may not have a viable asymmetric variant or cannot be rendered asymmetric at all. This does not make them any less useful, as illustrated in this book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The Di- -Methane Rearrangement
• 2. Synthetic Aspects of the Oxadi- -Methane Rearrangement
• 3. The Photochemistry of Carbenium Ions and Related Species
• 4. Photoinduced Hydrogen Atom Abstraction by Carbonyl Compounds
• 5. Selected Topics in the Matrix Photochemistry of Nitrenes, Carbenes, and Excited THplet States.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic photochemistry is the science arising from the application of photochemicalmethods to organic chemistry and organic chemical methods to photochemistry. It is aninterdisciplinary frontier.Intense activity in organic photochemistry in the last decade has produced so vast anaccumulation of factual knowledge that chemists in general have viewed it with awe.Even those chemists engaged in the study of organic photochemistry will find the rate ofdevelopment in the field perplexing to a high degree. This series originated to fill theneed for a critical summary of this vigorously expanding field with the purpose ofdrawing together seemingly unrelated facts, summarizing progress, and clarifyingproblems.Volume 11 continues to fulfill the original, essential role of this unique series byproviding a convenient review of the structural aspects of organic photochemistry. Aswith earlier volumes, this new book offers the research findings of distinguishedauthorities. It stresses timely aspects of organic photochemistry-previously scatteredthroughout the large body of literature-for which necessary critical review has beenlacking.This volume of the series emphasizes the mechanistic details of the di-n:-methanerearrangement . .. the synthetic aspects of the oxadi-n:-methane reaction ... thephotochemistry of carbenium ions and related species .. . photoinduced hydrogen atomabstraction by carbonyl compounds ... and matrix photochemistry of nitrenes, carbenes, and excited triplet states. Complete with numerous illustrations and bibliographiccitations of the literature, this book explores these important processes to the advantageof organic chemists, as an aid to research and as a source for supplementary knowledgeon particular topics .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1
• General Concepts for Covalent Bonding and Constructing Lewis Structures for Organic Molecules
• Chapter 2
• Guideline for Writing Organic Molecule Isomers and Determining Number of Rings Plus Pi-Bonds
• Chapter 3
• Guideline for Complete Analysis for Central Atoms and Molecules: Bonding/Hybridization/Geometry/Polarity
• Chapter 4
• Notation in Organic Chemistry: Guide to Writing and Using Condensed Formulas and Line Drawings
• Chapter 5
• Summary Guidelines for Organic Nomenclature
• Chapter 6
• Guidelines for Analysis of Intermolecular Forces for Organic Molecules
• Chapter 7
• Alkane and Cycloalkane Conformations
• Chapter 8
• Summary Guide to Thermodynamic Concepts for Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 9
• Guide to Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms
• Chapter 10
• Review of Acid/Base Concepts for Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 11
• Electrophiles and Nucleophiles in Organic Reaction Mechanisms
• Chapter 12
• Conceptual Guide to Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 13
• Guide to Stereochemistry Concepts and Analysis of Reaction
• Stereochemistry as Applied to Electrophilic Addition
• Chapter 14
• A Process for Calculation of Product Distribution Through Relative Rate Analysis: Examples for Free Radical Halogenation
• Chapter 15
• Process to Identify and Solve the Reactions for Organic I
• Chapter 16
• Electrophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination to
• Conjugated Double Bond and Aromatic Systems
• Chapter 17
• Oxidation/Reduction Relationships for Carbonyl Carbon
• Chapter 18
• A Complete System for Organizing, Identifying, and Solving Carbonyl Reactions: Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination
• Chapter 19
• A Brief Guideline for Applying Fundamental Concepts in NMR Spectroscopy
• Organic I Practice Exams
• Exams 1, 2
• Organic Structure-- Molecular Geometry-- Hybridization
• Exams 3, 4, 5
• Alkanes/Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, Properties, Conformations, Chirality, and Stereochemistry
• Exams 6, 7, 8
• Chirality and Diastereomers-- Acid/Base Chemistry-- Alkene Properties/Stereochemistry-- Alkene and Alcohol Nomenclature
• Exams 9, 10, 11
• Kinetics and Thermodynamics-- Mechanism Concepts-- Alkene Reactions-- Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
• Exams 12, 13, 14
• Alkyl Halides: Free Radical Mechanisms-- SN1 and SN2
• Exams 15, 16, 17
• Alkyl Halides and Alcohols: Reactions and Properties-- SN1, SN2, E1, E2
• Organic II Practice Exams
• Exams 18, 19, 20
• Reactions and Nomenclature of Alkynes-- Electrophilic Addition to Conjugated Systems-- Diels-Alder-- Aromatic Molecules: Properties, Reactions, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Exams 21, 22
• Organometallic Reactions-- Redox Reactions of Alcohols-- Epoxides, Ethers-- Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Exams 23, 24
• Carbonyl Chemistry-- Aldehydes, Ketones-- Carboxylic Acid Derivatives-- Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination
• Exams 25, 26, 27
• Enol and Enolate Anion Reactions of Carbonyls-- Aldol and Claisen Condensations-- , -Unsaturated Aldehydes-- -Ketoesters-- Decarboxylation-- Amine Chemistry
• Multiple Choice Exams
• Organic I: Multiple Choice Exam 1
• Kinetics and Thermodynamics-- Alkanes/Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, Properties, Conformations, Chirality, and Stereochemistry
• Organic I: Multiple Choice Exam 2
• Stereochemistry-- Alkene Reactions-- Alkyl Halide and Alcohol Reactions: SN1, SN2, E1, E2, Radicals
• Organic II: Multiple Choice Exam 1
• Reactions and Nomenclature of Alkynes-- Electrophilic Addition to Conjugated Systems-- Diels-Alder-- Aromatic Molecules: Properties, Reactions, Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Organic II: Multiple Choice Exam 2
• Short Comprehensive Exam Written in the Style of a Standardized Exam.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Guide to Covalent Bonding and Constructing Lewis Structures for Organic Molecules. Summary Guide for Thermodynamics in Organic Chemistry. Guide to Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms. Guideline for Complete Analysis of Organic Molecules: Bonding/Hybridization and Geometry/Polarity. Notation in Organic Chemistry: Guide to Writing Structures and Formulas. Review Guidelines for Analysis of Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry. Electrophiles and Nucleophiles in Organic Reaction Mechanisms. Conceptual Guide to Mechanisms in Organic Chemistry. Flow Diagram and Collection of Summaries for Reactions in Organic Chemistry I. Review of Acid/Base Concepts for Organic Chemistry. Electrophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination to Conjugated Double Bond and Aromatic Systems. Reaction at Carbonyl Carbons: Nucleophilic Addition and Addition/Elimination. Oxidation/Reduction Relationships for Carbonyl Carbon. Guideline for Writing Organic Molecule Isomers and Determining Number of Rings plus Pi--Bonds. Summary Guidelines for Organic Nomenclature. Product Isomer Percent and Ratio Calculation for Free Radical Halogenation through Rate Analysis. Practice Problems Include the Following Chapters: ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I CURRICULUM: General thermodynamic and kinetic concepts
• bonding and geometry
• corresponds to Chapter 1--5, 10, and 14. General concepts for alkanes, cycloalkanes
• nomenclature
• corresponds to Chapter 1, 4, and 15. Alcohols, alkyl halides
• concepts of reaction mechanisms
• SN1, SN2
• free radical halogenation
• corresponds to Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10, 16. Alkenes
• advanced concepts of mechanisms
• E1, E2
• electrophilic addition
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 9. Alkenes
• chirality and stereoisomers
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 9. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II CURRICULUM: Alkynes
• conjugated systems
• cycloadditions
• corresponds to Chapter 8, 10, 11. Aromatics
• electrophilic aromatic substitution
• corresponds to Chapter 11. Diols, ethers, epoxides, organometallics
• nucleophilic addition to carbonyl
• corresponds to Chapter 12. carbonyl
• corresponds to Chapter 12 and 13. Carboxylic acids
• amines, enols and enolate reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An important benefit for organic chemistry students is the opportunity to bridge the gap between general chemistry and organic chemistry. It is also to make sense of the myriad of in-depth concepts of organic chemistry without being overwhelmed by the necessary detail often given in a complete organic chemistry text. Here, the topics covered span the entire standard organic chemistry curriculum. The authors describe subjects which require further explanations, alternate viewpoints for understanding, and hands-on practical problems and solutions to help master the material. This text helps students apply key ideas from their general chemistry curriculum to concepts in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The Survival Guide to Organic Chemistry: Bridging the Gap from General Chemistry enables organic chemistry students to bridge the gap between general chemistry and organic chemistry. It makes sense of the myriad of in-depth concepts of organic chemistry, without overwhelming them in the necessary detail often given in a complete organic chemistry text. Here, the topics covered span the entire standard organic chemistry curriculum. The authors describe subjects which require further explanation, offer alternate viewpoints for understanding and provide hands-on practical problems and solutions to help master the material. This text ultimately allows students to apply key ideas from their general chemistry curriculum to key concepts in organic chemistry. Key Features: Reviews key general chemistry concepts and techniques, adapted for application to important organic principles Provides practical guidance to help students make the notoriously well-known and arduous transition from general chemistry to organic chemistry Explains organic concepts and reaction mechanisms, generally expanding the focus on how to understand each step from a more intuitive viewpoint Covers concepts that need further explanation as well as those that summarize and emphasize key ideas or skills necessary in this field. An added bonus is help with organizing principles to make sense of a wide range of similar reactions and mechanisms Implements a user-friendly process to achieve the end result of problem solving Covers organic chemistry I and II concepts at the level and depth of a standard ACS organic chemistry curriculum; features practice problems and solutions to help master the material, including an extensive and comprehensive bank of practice exams with solutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Heteropolyacids, an overview
• 3. Applications of Heteropoly acids as Heterogeneous Catalysts
• 4. Applications of Heteropoly acids as Homogeneous Catalysts
• 5. Supported Heteropolyacids
• 6. Applications of Heteropoly acids in industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Heteropolyacids as Highly Efficient and Green Catalysts Applied in Organic Transformations introduces heteropolyacids (HPAs) as promising candidates for use as green catalysts. This book initially presents an overview of chemistry of HPAs, including the history of their discovery and applications, systematic classifications, solubility, coordination and binding chemistry, isomerization, stability, redox activity, acidic properties, basicity, skeleton structure, structure types, self-assemblage, surface area, electrochemical behavior, methods of investigation, and characterization. Other sections present and compare the applications of HPAs as homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. The book provides readers with a basic-to-advanced range of knowledge on how useful and green HPAs can be used for use as catalysts in organic transformations and even the synthesis of complex organic molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Alkanes, composition, constitution, and configuration
• 2. Functional groups
• 3. Electronic structure of organic molecules
• 4. Alkenes and alkynes
• 5. Substitutions on saturated carbon atom
• 6. Nucleophilic additions
• 7. Stereochemistry, symmetry, and molecular chirality
• 8. Derivatives of carboxylic acids
• 9. Electrophilic substitutions
• 10. Pericyclic reactions
• 11. Organic natural products
• 12. Organic supramolecular and supermolecular structures.

This textbook is designed for students of biology, molecular biology, ecology, medicine, agriculture, forestry and other professions where the knowledge of organic chemistry plays an important role. The work may also be of interest to non-professionals, as well as to teachers in high schools. The book consists of 13 chapters that cover the essentials of organic chemistry, including - basic principles of structure and constitution of organic compounds, - the elements of the nomenclature, - the concepts of the nature of chemical bond, - introductions in NMR and IR spectroscopy, - the concepts and main classes of the organic reaction mechanisms, - reactions and properties of common classes or organic compounds, - and the introduction to the chemistry of the natural organic products followed by basic principles of the reactions in living cells. This second edition includes revisions and suggestions made by the readers of the first edition and the author's colleagues. In addition, it includes substantial changes compared to the first edition. The chapter on Cycloaddition has been completed by including the other pericyclic reactions (sigmatropic rearrangements, electrocyclic reactions). The chapter on Organic Natural Products has been extended to include new section covering the principles of organic synthesis. New chapter "Organic Supramolecular and Supermolecular Structures" is added. This chapter covers the basic knowledge about the molecular recognition, supramolecular structures, and the mechanisms of the enzyme catalyzed reactions. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Marine Biodiscovery in a Changing World.-
• Chapter 2. The Chemistry and Chemical Ecology of Lepidopterans as Investigated in Brazil.-
• Chapter 3. A Timeline of Perezone, the First Isolated Secondary Metabolite in the New World, Covering the Period from 1852 to 2020.-
• Chapter 4. Biologically Acitive Constituents from Plants of the Genus Xanthium.-
• Chapter 5. Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of Genus Desmos.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume describes several highly diverse subjects: Chapter 1 explores marine biodiscovery of the North-eastern Atlantic off the coast of Ireland as a model for best practice in research. The second chapter investigates Brazilian Chemical Ecology and examples of insect-plant communication studies that are mediated by natural products demonstrate the beautiful interconnectedness of species in a biome. Our third chapter comprises the advances in the science of the sesquiterpene quinone, perezone, which in 1852 was the first natural product isolated in crystalline form in the New World. The last two chapters are from a Vietnamese group and the first of these follows the phytochemistry, pharmacology, and ethnomedical uses of the genus Xanthium, which produces interesting sulfur and nitrogen containing natural products. Finally, the genus Desmos is discussed, where an overview of its constituent natural products and their in vitro pharmacological potential is described.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Bacteria Basics
• The History of Antibiotics
• How Antibiotics Work
• Resistance
• Tolerance and Virulence
• Antibiotic Development
• Conclusions and Outlook
• Check Your Understanding

• Endohedral Metallofullerenes: an overview.- Electron Transfer in Solution.- Ions of Endohedral Fullerenes in the Gas Phase.- Electron Transfer in Solid State.- Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Endohedral Fullerenes.- Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Metallofullerenes.- Magnetic Properties of Endohedral Metallofullerenes.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Endohedral Metallofullerenes.- Spin states in N@C60 and other Non-Metal Endohedral Fullerenes.- Ortho and Para Hydrogen states in H2@C60.- Quantum Computing with Endohedral Fullerenes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book discusses recent progress in endohedral fullerenes - their production and separation techniques, as well as their characterization and properties. Furthermore, the book delves into the all-important issue of stability by investigating electron transfer between the encapsulated metal species and the carbon cage. It also reviews spin-based phenomena caused by the shielding of endohedral spin by the fullerene, and analyzes formation of the spin states by charge transfer as studied by electron spin resonance. Tuning of charge states of endohedral species and of spin states of both the cage and the cluster are explained. Finally, the book considers the recent discovery of magnetism in some endohedral fullerenes, and the potential for quantum computing.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.- NHC-catalyzed Annulations of Nitroalkenes.- NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of Enals.- NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of , -unsaturated Carboxylic Acids.- Experimental Part.- Research Summary.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• NHC-catalyzed Annulations of Nitroalkenes
• NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of Enals
• NHC-catalyzed Enantioselective Annulations of α, β-unsaturated Carboxylic Acids
• Experimental Part
• Research Summary.

This thesis focuses on NHC-catalyzed annulation of nitroalkenes, enals and , -unsaturated carboxylic acids. (1) NHCs were found to be efficient catalysts for the [4+2] annulation of -substituted nitroalkenes. The scope of Rauhut-Currier reaction was successfully extended to the most challenging -substituted alkenes by this method; (2) Enals were successfully used for [4+2] annulations with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by NHC via -addition. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and -amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by subsequent transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones. (4) The readily available , -unsaturated carboxylic acids were first successfully employed to generate the , -unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates by using NHC for the enantioselective [3+2] and [3+3] annulations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) This thesis focuses on NHC-catalyzed annulation of nitroalkenes, enals and α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids. (1) NHCs were found to be efficient catalysts for the [4+2] annulation of β-substituted nitroalkenes. The scope of Rauhut-Currier reaction was successfully extended to the most challenging β-substituted alkenes by this method; (2) Enals were successfully used for [4+2] annulations with azodicarboxylates catalyzed by NHC via γ-addition. Highly enantiopure tetrahydropyridazinones and γ-amino acid derivatives could be easily prepared by subsequent transformations of the resulting dihydropyridazinones. (4) The readily available α, β-unsaturated carboxylic acids were first successfully employed to generate the α, β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediates by using NHC for the enantioselective [3+2] and [3+3] annulations.

• Xanthine Alkaloids: Occurrence, Biosynthesis, and Function in Plants; 1 Introduction; 2 Occurrence of Xanthine Alkaloids in the Plant Kingdom; 2.1 Ericales (Tea and Related Species); 2.2 Gentianales (Coffee and Related Species); 2.3 Aquifoliales (Maté and Related Species); 2.4 Malvales (Cacao, Cola, and Related Species); 2.5 Sapindales (Guaran, Citrus, and Related Plants); 2.6 Other Species; 3 Biosynthesis of Xanthine Alkaloids; 3.1 A Brief History of the Elucidation of the Biosynthesis Pathways; 3.2 Caffeine Biosynthesis Pathways from Xanthosine; 3.2.1 Formation of 7-Methylxanthine.

• Feeding ExperimentsEnzyme Studies; Genes and Proteins; 3.2.2 Conversion of 7-Methylxanthine to Caffeine via Theobromine; Feeding Experiments; Enzyme Studies; Genes and Proteins; 3.2.3 Evolutionary Relationship of the Caffeine Synthase Family Proteins; 3.3 Pathways that Supply Xanthosine for Caffeine Biosynthesis; 3.3.1 De Novo Route; 3.3.2 AMP Route; 3.3.3 SAM Cycle Route; 3.3.4 NAD Route; 3.3.5 GMP Route; 3.4 Localization of Xanthine Alkaloid Biosynthesis; 3.4.1 Organs and Tissues; Camellia; Coffea; Theobroma; Maté and Guaran; 3.4.2 Subcellular Accumulation of Xanthine Alkaloids.

• 3.4.3 Subcellular Localization of Caffeine Biosynthesis EnzymesCaffeine Synthase; Enzymes Involved in the de Novo Route; Enzymes Involved in the AMP Route; Enzymes Involved in the SAM Route; 3.4.4 Subcellular Localization and Transport of Intermediates; 3.5 Regulation of Caffeine Biosynthesis; 4 Metabolism of Xanthine Alkaloids; 4.1 Methyluric Acid Biosynthesis; 4.2 Biodegradation and Inter-conversion of Xanthine Alkaloids; 4.2.1 The Major Pathway of Caffeine Degradation; 4.2.2 Conventional Purine Catabolic Pathways in Plants; 4.2.3 Diversity of Xanthine Alkaloid Metabolism in Plants; Coffea.

• Tea4.2.4 Xanthine Alkaloid Metabolism in Bacteria and Animals; Bacteria; Animals; 5 Ecological Roles of Xanthine Alkaloids; 5.1 Allelopathic Function Theory; 5.1.1 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Germination and Growth of Plants; 5.1.2 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Proliferation of Plant Cells; 5.1.3 Effect of Xanthine Alkaloids on Plant Metabolism; 5.1.4 Effect of Caffeine on Protein Expression Profiles; 5.1.5 Allelopathy in Natural Ecosystems; 5.2 Chemical Defense Theory; 5.2.1 Chemical Defense Against Microorganisms and Animals.

• 5.2.2 Proof of the Chemical Defense Theory Demonstrated with Transgenic Plants6 Biotechnology of Xanthine Alkaloids; 6.1 Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Plants; 6.2 Caffeine-Producing Transgenic Plants; 6.2.1 Antiherbivore Activity; 6.2.2 Antipathogen Activity; 7 Summary and Perspectives; References; The Iboga Alkaloids; 1 Introduction; 2 Biosynthesis; 3 Structural Elucidation and Reactivity; 4 New Molecules; 4.1 Monomers; 4.1.1 Ibogamine and Coronaridine Derivatives; 4.1.2 3-Alkyl- or 3-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives; 4.1.3
• 5- and/or 6-Oxo-ibogamine/-coronaridine Derivatives.

The first contribution reviews the occurrence of xanthine alkaloids in the plant kingdom and the elucidation of the caffeine biosynthesis pathway, providing details of the N-methyltransferases, belonging to the motif B' methyltransferase family which catalyze three steps in the four step pathway leading from xanthosine to caffeine. The second contribution in this book provides a background on the molecule and related compounds and update knowledge on the most recent advances in Iboga alkaloids. The third contribution presents a comprehensive analysis of frequently occurring errors with respect to 13C NMR spectroscopic data and proposes a straightforward protocol to eliminate a high percentage of the most obvious errors.

• Part I: Development of bio-functional middle molecules.-
• 1. Introduction.-
• 2. Total Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and 3D Structural Analysis of Cyclodepsipeptide Natural Products.-
• 3. Development of the Middle-size Molecules for Alkylation to Higher-Order Structures of Nucleic Acids.-
• 4. In Situ Synthesis of Glycoconjugates on Cell Surface: Selective Cell Imaging Using Low-Affinity Glycan Ligands.-
• 5. Assembled mid-sized agents that control intracellular protein-protein interactions.-
• 6. Macrocyclic mid-sized peptides with new chemical modalities.- Part II: Achievement of highly efficient synthesis of bioactive middle molecules.-
• 7. Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Cotylenin.-
• 8. Flow Chemistry for the Construction of Polycyclic Skeleton.-
• 9. Electrochemical Synthesis of Oligosaccharides as Middle-sized Molecules.-
• 10. Efficient Synthesis of Biologically Active Peptides based on Micro-flow Amide Bond Formation.-
• 11. Design and Concise De Novo Synthesis of Artemisinin Analogs.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book highlights recently discovered aspects of "middle-size molecules, " focusing on (1) their unique bio-functions on the basis of derivatives and conjugates of natural products, saccharides, peptides, and nucleotides; (2) the synthesis of structurally complex natural products; (3) special synthetic methods for -conjugated functional molecules; and (4) novel synthetic methods using flow chemistry. Given its scope, the book is of interest to industrial researchers and graduate students in the fields of organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and materials science. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Introduction to Chemistry and Organic Chemistry
• Chapter 2 Organic Molecules and Functional Groups
• Chapter 3 Nomenclature of Organic Molecules
• Chapter 4 Acids And Bases
• Chapter 5 Understanding Organic Reactions
• Chapter 6 Stereochemistry
• Chapter 7 Amino Acids And Proteins
• Chapter 8 Carbohydrates
• Chapter 9 Alcohols And Ethers
• Chapter 10 Spectroscopy.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Basic Organic Chemistry discusses the basic concept of chemistry as well as organic chemistry. It includes detailed description of organic molecules, functional groups and the nomenclature of the organic molecules. This book also discusses the notion of acids and bases and stereochemistry of the organic molecules along with the description of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, alcohol and ethers. It provides the reader with the insights of basic organic chemistry so as to understand the basic organic reactions and the application of spectroscopy to study organic molecules.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids and Esters from CO2.- Synthesis of Carbonates from Alcohols and CO2.- Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and CO2.- Synthesis of Lactones and Other Heterocycles.- Synthesis of Ureas from CO2 Homogeneous Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Hydrogen.- Photo- and Electrochemical Valorization of Carbon Dioxide Using Earth Abundant Molecular Catalysts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The search for anticancer agents from tropical plants.- Chemistry and biology of Mexican medicinal plants.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The first review describes examples of very promising compounds discovered from plants acquired from Africa, Southeast Asia, the Americas, and the Caribbean region with potential anticancer activity. These include plant secondary metabolites of the diphyllin lignan, penta[b]benzofuran, triterpenoid, and tropane alkaloid types. The second review presents 40 more erythrinan alkaloids, which were either new or were missed out in the last major reviews, bringing to a total of 154 known erythrinan alkaloids known to date. The reported pharmacological activities of the new and known alkaloids showed a greater bias towards central nervous system and related activities. Other prominent activities reported were antifeedant or insecticidal, cytotoxicity/anti tumor/anti cancer/estrogenic, antiprotozoal, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal and antiviral activities.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I- CHEMICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS
• 1. Sesquiterpene lactones. Overview (V. Sulsen, V. Martino - Argentina)
• 2. Taxonomy (G. Giberti)
• 3. Biosynthesis and biotechnology (M. Perassolo, J. Rodriguez Talou- Argentina)
• 4. Chemistry (Francis Barrios - USA)
• 4.1. Synthesis of sesquiterpene lactones
• 4.2. Chemical transformation of sesquiterpene lactones
• 5. Analytical procedures (V. Sulsen, V. Martino, C. Catalan - Argentina-- S.M. Adekenov- Kazakhstan)
• 5.1. Extraction and isolation
• 5.2. Identification. Spectroscopic methods
• PART II- BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES
• 6. Trypanocidal and leishmanicidal activities (S. Cazorla, A. Bivona, N. Cerny - Argentina)
• 7. Mode of action of sesquiterpene lactones on Trypanosoma and Leishmania spp. , (E. Lombardo, M. Sosa, E. Lozano, P. Barrera, R. Spina - Argentina)
• 7.1. Molecular targets
• 7.2. Contribution of microscopy for understanding the mechanism of action of sesquiterpene lactones
• 8. Effect of sesquiterpene lactones on other microorganisms (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiplasmodial) (authorship to confirm)
• 9. Antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities (C. Anesini, R. Martino - Argentina)
• 10. Anti-inflammatory activity (M.R. Alonso)
• PART III- SESQUITERPENE LACTONES: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY APPROACH
• 11. Structure-activity relationship (T. Schmidt - Germany)
• 11.1. Structure -antiprotozoal activity relationship
• 11.2. Structure -antiproliferative activity relationship
• 11.3. Structure -anti-inflammatory activity relationship (authorship to confirm).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book addresses chemical and biological aspects related to sesquiterpene lactones (STLs). Experts in different fields have been invited to contribute on this class of compound's chemistry, isolation and identification, biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antitrypanosomal, antileishmanial, antiplasmodial, antiproliferative and antiinflammatory), synthesis, biosynthesis, derivatization and QSAR analysis. Taxonomic and chemotaxonomic aspects related to the Asteraceae family are also contributed. The book begins by describing the chemical characteristics of STLs, their classification in different skeleton types, synthesis, distribution in nature and their most important biological properties. An overview of the group's main representatives, based on their importance for human health, as well as an update of the most recently isolated STLs, follow. The authors also provide an overview of the most common methods described in the literature for the extraction, purification, identification and structure elucidation of STLs, while also highlighting more recently developed methods. Furthermore, experts in the field provide an in-depth discussion of the most commonly employed in vitro and in vivo antiprotozoal assays against the different stages of parasites, as well as STLs' properties as anticancer agents in numerous cancer cell lines and animal models. Lastly, the book presents examples of the in vitro and in vivo activity of STLs and their mechanism of antiprotozoal action, together with an analysis of ultrastructural alterations, observed using TEM techniques. The book is aimed at scientists working on natural products: both those investigating this particular group of compounds and those who wish to further explore its potential as new drugs for medical conditions such as protozoal diseases and cancer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1: Laboratory Safety
• Chapter 2: Laboratory Notebook
• Chapter 3: Laboratory Equipment
• Chapter 4: Basic Laboratory Operations
• Chapter 5: Determining Physical and Spectroscopic Properties
• Chapter 6: Functional-Group Analysis
• Chapter 7: Basic Operation Experiments
• Chapter 8: Organic Synthesis Experiments
• Chapter 9: Advanced Organic Synthesis Experiments
• Chapter 10: Microscale
• Chapter 11: Microscale Experiments
• Chapter 12: Green Chemistry
• Chapter 13: Green Chemistry Experiments.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 8.6. Aromatic Electrophilic Substitution of an Ester: Methyl Benzoate Nitration
• 8.7. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr): Preparation of a Synthetic Detergent
• 8.8. Synthesis of azo Dyes: Methyl Orange
• 8.9. Auto-Oxidation-Reduction of Aromatic Aldehydes: Cannizzaro Reaction
• 8.10. Synthesis of α, ß-unsaturated Ketones: Claisen-Schmidt Reaction
• 8.11. Saponification Reaction: Preparation of Soap from Vegetable Oil
• 8.12. Esterification: Synthesis of Aspirin
• 8.13. Difunctional Compound Chemoselectivity: Reduction of 4-nitroacetophenone
• 8.14. Perkin Reaction: Cinnamic Acid Synthesis
• 8.15. Synthesis of Imide: Preparation of N-(p-Chlorophenyl)-maleimide
• 8.16. Condensation Polymerization Reaction: Synthesis of Nylon 6,6
• 8.17. Radical Polymerization: Producing Polystyrene
• 8.18. Multistep Synthesis of a Drug: Paracetamol
• 8.19. Multistep Synthesis of an Anesthetic: Preparation of Benzocaine
• 8.20. Using Protecting Groups: Multistep Synthesis of p-nitroaniline
• 8.21. References
• Chapter 9: Advanced Organic Synthesis Experiments
• 9.1. Reductive Amination: Producing (±)-α-methylbenzylamine
• 9.2. Chiral Resolution: (±)-α-methylbenzylamine
• 9.3. Stereospecific Synthesis of Glycols: Preparationof trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diol
• 9.4. Reactivity of Carbenes: Preparation of 7,7-dichlorobicyclo [4.1.0] Heptane
• 9.5. Regioselective Halogenations: Bromation of α-methylstyrene
• 9.6. Oxidative Coupling of Alkynes: The Glaser-Eglinton-Hay Coupling
• 9.7. Diels-Alder Reactions: Butadiene and Maleic Anhydride
• 9.8. Wittig Reaction: 4-Vinylbenzoic Acid Synthesis
• 9.9. Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of Triphenylmethanol (Triphenylcarbinol).

• 11.5. Methylketone Reactivity: Acetophenone Oxidation with Sodium Hypochlorite
• 11.6. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr): Preparation of 4-methyl-3- and 4-methyl-2-nitroacetanilide from 4-methylaniline
• 11.7. Sandmeyer Reaction: 2-iodobenzoic Acid Synthesis
• 11.8. Synthesis of a Carbohydrate Derivative: Preparation of 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-mannofuranose
• 11.9. Free-Radical Halogenation: 9-bromoanthracene Preparation
• 11.10. Alkylbenzene Oxidation: Reactivity of Alkyl Groups in Aromatic Compounds with KMnO4
• 11.11. Reduction of Anthraquinone: Anthrone Synthesis
• 11.12. Compounds for the Fragrance Industry: Ester Synthesis
• 11.13. Tandem Transesterification-esterification: Wintergreen Oil from Aspirin Tablets
• 11.14. Polyfunctional Molecule Reactivity: Vanillin Transformations
• 11.15. Multistep Synthesis of N-Heterocycles: Triphenylpyridine Preparation
• 11.16. Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles: 2,5-dimethyl-1-phenylpyrrole by Paal-Knorr Reaction
• 11.17. References
• Chapter 12: Green Chemistry
• 12.1. Introduction
• 12.2. The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
• 12.3. Goals of Green Chemistry
• 12.4. Parameters to Evaluate Chemical Processes
• 12.5. Green Chemistry for Undergraduate Laboratories
• 12.6. References
• Chapter 13: Green Chemistry Experiments
• 13.1. Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Producing Adipic Acid with H2O2/Na2WO4
• 13.2. Halogen Addition to Alkenes: Addition of Bromine to Cyclohexene
• 13.3. Green Epoxidation: Cyclohexene Reaction with Oxone®.

• 9.10. Organometallic Compounds: Synthesis of Acetylferrocene
• 9.11. Chemoselectivity: Cinnamaldehyde Reduction with LiAlH4
• 9.12. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (SEAr):1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene
• 9.13. Hofmann Rearrangement: Synthesis of 2-aminobenzoic Acid (Anthranilic Acid)
• 9.14. Radical Coupling: Synthesis of Pinacol Andpinacolone
• 9.15. Synthesis of a Heterocyclic Drug: n-butyl-barbituricacid
• 9.16. Transformations of Hydroxy Ketone: Synthesis and Reactions of Benzoin
• 9.17. Enamines as Reaction Intermediates: Producing 2-acetylcyclohexanone
• 9.18. N-Heterocycle Synthesis: Producing Benzotriazol
• 9.19. Synthesis of Macrocycles: Preparation of Calix[4]pyrrole
• 9.20. Preparation of a Sports Dietary Supplement: Creatine Synthesis
• 9.21. Claisen Condensation: Synthesis of Ethyl Acetoacetate
• 9.22. Terpene Transformation: Citral Conversionin α- and ß-ionone
• 9.23. Carbohydrates: Diisopropylidene Derivative of Glucose
• 9.24. Preparation of a Nucleoside: Multistep Synthesis of Uridine Derivative
• 9.25. References
• Chapter 10: Microscale
• 10.1. Introduction
• 10.2. the Scales in the Organic Chemistry Laboratory
• 10.3. Pros of Working at the Microscale
• 10.4. Specific Microscale Lab Equipment
• 10.5. Microscale Laboratory Techniques
• 10.6. References
• Chapter 11: Microscale Experiments
• 11.1. Addition of HX to Alkenes: Synthesis of 2-bromohexane
• 11.2. Production of Margarine: Partial Hydrogenation of a Vegetable Oil with Cyclohexene and Pd(C)
• 11.3. Isomerization of Alkenes: Derivatives of Fumaric Acid from Maleic Acid
• 11.4. Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction: Ethyliodide from Ethanol.

Experimental Organic Chemistry: Laboratory Manual is designed as a primer to initiate students in Organic Chemistry laboratory work. Organic Chemistry is an eminently experimental science that is based on a well-established theoretical framework where the basic aspects are well established but at the same time are under constant development. Therefore, it is essential for future professionals to develop a strong background in the laboratory as soon as possible, forming good habits from the outset and developing the necessary skills to address the challenges of the experimental work. This book is divided into three parts. In the first, safety issues in laboratories are addressed, offering tips for keeping laboratory notebooks. In the second, the material, the main basic laboratory procedures, preparation of samples for different spectroscopic techniques, Microscale, Green Chemistry, and qualitative organic analysis are described. The third part consists of a collection of 84 experiments, divided into 5 modules and arranged according to complexity. The last two chapters are devoted to the practices at Microscale Synthesis and Green Chemistry, seeking alternatives to traditional Organic Chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Green Chemistry.- Principles of Green Chemistry.- Organic Reactions in Water.- Microwave Assisted Amination Reaction: A Green Approach.- Green Reactions under Solvent-Free Conditions.- Solid State Green Organic Reactions.- Green in Analytical Chemistry.- Green in Pharmaceutical Chemistry.- Green Organocatalysis.- Environmentally Benign Organic solvent: A Green Approach.- Green Chemistry on C-H Activation.- Atom Economic Green Organic Reactions.- Green Nano Catalysts in Organic Synthesis.- Visible light Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis: A Green Perspective.- Ionic Liquids as Green Solvents.- The Role of Continuous Flow Processing in the Development of Green Chemical Syntheses.- Green Chemistry of Recoverable Catalysts.- Green Lewis Acid Catalysis in Organic Reactions.- Supercritical Fluids as Green Solvents.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents important developments and applications of green chemistry, especially in the field of organic chemistry. The chapters give a brief account of green organic reactions in water, green organic reactions using microwave and in solvent-free conditions. In depth discussions on the green aspects of ionic liquids, flow reactions, and recoverable catalysts are provided in this book. An exclusive chapter devoted to green Lewis acid is also included. The potential of supercritical fluids as green solvents in various areas of organic reactions is explained as well. This book will be a valuable reference for beginners as well as advanced researchers interested in green organic chemistry. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Enzymology of Milk and Dairy Products: Overview
• 2. The plasmin system in milk and dairy products
• 3. Lysosomal and other indigenous non-plasmin proteases in bovine milk
• 4. Phosphatases in milk
• 5. Antimicrobial enzymes in milk, and their role in human milk
• 6. Enzymes associated with milk phospholipid membrane structures: Milk fat globule membranes and extracellular vesicles
• 7. Milk and other glycosidases
• 8. The enzymology of non-bovine milk
• 9. The enzymology of human milk
• 10. Lipases from milk and other sources
• 11. Heat-stable Microbial Peptidases Associated with the Microbiota of Raw Milk
• 12. The heat stability of indigenous and bacterial enzymes in milk
• 13. The role of proteases in the stability of UHT-treated Milk
• 14. Milk-clotting enzymes
• 15. Enzymology of cheese ripening
• 16. Enzyme modified cheese
• 17. Enzymatic Protein Cross-Linking in Dairy Science and Technology
• 18. The production of bioactive peptides from milk proteins
• 19. Reducing allergenicity by proteolysis
• 20. Final thoughts, future perspectives, and emerging enzymes.

The enzymology of milk and other products is of enormous significance for the production and quality of almost every dairy product. Milk itself is a complex biological fluid that contains a wide range of enzymes with diverse activities, some of which have identifiable functions while others are present as an accidental consequence of the mechanism of milk secretion. Over time milk enzymology has become an incredibly essential component of milk and other dairy product production, and with advancing technology and processing techniques, its importance is at its peak. Dairy Enzymology presents an expansive overview of the enzymology of milk and other dairy products, focusing on the use of indigenous and endogenous enzymes in milk and exogenous enzymes in cheese processing. A full section is dedicated to the enzymology of bovine milk, focusing on the main families of indigenous enzymes as well as their potential significance in the mammary gland plus the technological significance for the properties of dairy products. Implications for the manufacture and ripening of cheese plus the use of enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase for measuring heat treatment in milk are explored in full, and the role of milk protease plasmin and other indigenous enzymes in the age-gelation is focused on. Further sections focus on enzymes found in raw milk and enzymes deliberately added for manufacture or modification of properties and the manufacture of food ingredients from dairy-derived ingredients. The key bacterial families are discussed in depth as well as their known contributions to the quality of dairy products. With its comprehensive scope and fully up-to-date coverage of dairy product enzymology, this text is a singular source for researchers looking to understand this essential dairy processing aspect.

• Elicitor Signal Transduction Leading to the Production of Plant Secondary Metabolites
• An Introduction to Bioactive Natural Products and General Applications
• Plant Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications
• The Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Cure
• Role of Stress and Defense in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production
• Natural Compounds Extracted from Medicinal Plants and Their Immunomodulatory Activities
• Antibacterial and Antifungal Plant Metabolites from the Tropical Medicinal Plants
• Capillary Electrophoresis: A New Evolutionary Platform of Plant Secondary Metabolites
• Camptothecin: Occurrence, Chemistry and Mode of Action
• Secondary Metabolites from Plant Sources
• Pharmaceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Fenugreek Gum
• Antimicrobial Application Potential of Phytoconstituents from Turmeric and Garlic
• Carvacrol (Origanum vulgare): Therapeutic Properties and Molecular Mechanisms
• Pharmaceutical Application of Bio-actives from Alstonia Genus: Current Findings and Future Directions
• Role of Natural Bio-active Compounds as Antidiabetic Agents
• An Overview of the Bioactivities of Gedunin
• Biological Activities of Marine Products and Nutritional Importance
• Cardiac Tissue Engineering: A Role for Natural Biomaterials
• The Importance of Natural Products in Cosmetics
• Encapsulation of Bioactive Compound and Its Therapeutic Potential
• Tannins and Polyphenols Extracted from Natural Plants and Their Versatile Application
• Piperine: Sources, Properties, Applications, and Biotechnological Production
• Protein and Enzymes Isolated from Plant Sources and Their Utilization in Pharmaceutical Field
• Advances and Perspectives of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid as a Bioactive Compound in Food
• Medicinal Attribution of Ginsenoside: A Huge Source of Plant Bioactive Compound.

This book covers the recent innovations relating to various bioactive natural products (such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, polysaccharides, tannins and polyphenolic compounds, volatile oils, fixed oils, fats and waxes, proteins and peptides, vitamins, marine products, camptothecin, piperines, carvacrol, gedunin, GABA, ginsenosides) and their applications in the pharmaceutical fields related to academic, research and industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Food Powders Bulk Properties Banu Koc1, Mehmet Koc2, Ulas Baysan2
• 1Gaziantep University, Fine Arts, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
• 2Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 09010, Aydin, Turkey
• 2 Food Powders Particle Properties Ulas Baysan1, Mehmet Koc1, Banu Koc2
• 1Adnan Menderes University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Food Engineering, 09010, Aydin, Turkey
• 2Gaziantep University, Fine Arts, Gastronomy and Culinary Arts Dept., 27310, Gaziantep, Turkey
• 3 Adhesion of Food Powders Ertan Ermis
• Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Food Engineering Department, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Halkali Cad. No:2, 34303, Istanbul, Turkey
• 4 Characterization of the caking behaviour of food powders John J. Fitzpatrick
• Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
• 5 Characterisation of the rehydration behaviour of food powders John J. Fitzpatrick1, Junfu Ji2, Song Miao3
• 1Process & Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
• 2College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
• 3Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland
• 6 Anticaking Additives for Food Powders Emine Yapici1, Burcu Karakuzu-Ikizler1, Sevil Yucel1
• 1Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Metallurgy, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
• 7 Modification of Food Powders Nasim Kian-Pour1, Duygu Ozmen1, Omer Said Toker1
• 1Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
• 8 Powders from Fruit Waste Sahithi Murakonda1, Madhuresh Dwivedi1
• 1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India
• 9 The Microbiological Safety of Food Powders Rifna E J1, Madhuresh Dwivedi1
• 1Department of Food Process Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food powders are an increasingly important aspect of processed food worldwide. Essential factors such as ease of storage and transport and usage convenience have greatly benefited the food industry and promise further advancements in processing techniques. Food powders can be stored for a longer period of time than other food products, making them essential for food supply in many regions of the world. There have been numerous research works on food powders properties and characterization, but there has not been an updated comprehensive review in this field. Food Powders Properties and Characterization is designed as an essential reference for individuals in the food industry and academia seeking a singular source that covers most of the basic aspects of food powders. With chapters focusing on the general properties of food powders, characterization of particle and bulk properties, adhesion and surface properties, this text presents comprehensive and fully up to date coverage of this challenging and important field. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalysis: An Introduction
• Frustrated Lewis Pair Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
• FLP Reduction of Carbon Monoxide and Related Reactions
• FLP-Mediated C-H-Activation
• Mechanistic Insight into the Hydrogen Activation by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
• Lewis Acidic Boranes in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
• Heterogeneous Catalysis by Frustrated Lewis Pairs
• Lewis Acid−Base Pairs for Polymerization Catalysis: Recent Progress and Perspectives
• Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Transition Metals
• Radicals in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry
• Frustrated Lewis Pair Pedagogy: Expanding Core Undergraduate Curriculum and Reinforcing Fundamental Thermodynamic Concepts
• Correction to: Frustrated Lewis Pairs Based on Transition Metals.

This volume highlights the latest research in frustrated Lewis pair (FLP) chemistry and its applications. The contributions present the recent developments of the use of FLPs in asymmetric catalysis, polymer synthesis, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, as well as demonstrating their use as a pedagogical tool. The book will be of interest to researchers in academia and industry alike.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Metal-matrix composites
• Nanocomposites (nanoscale + nanoreinforcements)
• Novel composites and coatings.

This collection brings together engineers, scientists, scholars, and entrepreneurs to present their novel and innovative contributions in the domain specific to metal-matrix composites and on aspects specific to modeling, analysis, measurements, and observations specific to microstructural advances. Topics include but are not limited to: * Metals and metal-matrix composites * Nano-metal based composites * Intermetallic-based composites Contributions in the above topics connect to applications in industry-relevant areas: automotive, energy applications, aerospace, failure analysis, biomedical and healthcare, and heavy equipment and machinery. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Nuclear Chemistry
• 2. Radioactivity
• 3. Nuclear Reaction
• 4. Interaction of Radiation with Matter
• 5. Ionization Counters
• 6. Scintillation Counter
• 7. Non-conventional Detection Techniques
• 8. Sample Preparation for Counting
• 9. Factors Affecting the Counting Efficiency
• 10. Identification of Radioactive Isotopes
• 11. Statistics of Counting
• 12. Health Hazards and Protection
• 13. Radiochemical Separation Techniques
• 14. Hot Atom-Nuclear Reaction. .

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for core courses offered to postgraduate students enrolled in chemistry. This book can also be used as a core or supplementary text for nuclear chemistry courses offered to students of chemical engineering. The book covers various topics of nuclear chemistry like Shell model, fission/fusion reaction, natural radioactive equilibrium series, nuclear reactions carried by various types of accelerators. In addition, it describes the law of decay of radioactivity, type of decay, and interaction of radiation with matter. It explains the difference between ionization counter, scintillation counter and solid state detector. This book also consists of end-of-book problems to help readers aid self-learning. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for postgraduate students and researchers enrolled in various chemistry and engineering courses. This book will also be beneficial for industry professionals in the allied fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1.
• Chemistry and Functionality of Phenolipids
• 2.
• Chemistry, Functionality, and Techno-applications of Pheno-phospholipids
• 3.
• Chemistry and Functionality of Lipo-phenolics.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Natural phenolics are powerful bioactive compounds, but their use as antioxidant agents in lipid-based foodstuffs and cosmetics is limited due to their hydrophilic traits. A promising technique to overcome low solubility of phenolics is to increase their hydrophobicity by grafting with lipophilic moiety to form lipid-enriched phenolics (lipo-phenolics). Another way to enhance the amphiphilic traits of phenolics is by lipophilization with phospholipids in a suitable solvent to form phenolics-enriched phospholipids (pheno-phospholipids). Both functionalized phenolics (phenolipids) exhibit high bioavailability and antioxidative potential. Functional phenolics-enriched phospholipids (pheno-phospholipids) play an important role in enhancing the functional properties of both phenolic compounds and phospholipids in food for their use in nutrition and health. Phenolipids have also found applications on an industrial scale, likely due to low costs, the availability of starting material and safety. Recent advances in the field of lipophilization allow accessing molecules with high potency and targeted action covering a wide spectrum of bioactivities. Owing to their cost and availability, phenolipids find applications in niche sectors such as cosmetics and pharmaceutics as well as in the novel food. This book reports on the chemistry, preparation, and functionality of lipid-enriched phenolics (lipo-phenolics), broadening their applications in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. The strategies of the lipophilization of phenolics, the effect of modification on the biological properties and potential applications of the resulting lipo-phenolics are reviewed. The text also discusses the preparation, physicochemical characteristics and functional properties of phenolipids and phytosomes, including the latest developments and their current industrial status.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Bioactive compounds from medicinal plants in myanmar
• New techniques of structure elucidation for sesquiterpenes
• Human endogenous natural products.

This book describes current understandings and recent progress in four areas: in the first one, the cytochalasans, a group of fungal derived natural products characterized by a perhydro-isoindolone core fused with a macrocyclic ring are shown to exhibit high structural diversity and a broad spectrum of bioactivities. The second one is dedicated to a description of bioactive compounds from the medicinal plants of Myanmar, the third one is dedicated to new structure elucidation techniques in the field of sesquiterpenes. The last one discusses the endogenous natural products that are produced by human cells including endogenous amines, steroids, and fatty acid derived natural products. The co-metabolism and natural product production of the human microbiome is also described including tryptophan, bile acids, choline, and cysteine.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Total Synthesis of Decanolides (Nonanolides) with a Special Focus on Olefin Metathesis
• From Plant to Patient: Thapsigargin
• Antileishmanial Activity of Lignans and Neolignans
• Cryptolepine as a Lead to new Antiprotozoal Agents
• Biologically Active Constituents from Plants of the Genus Xanthium.

This book describes current understandings and recent progress into a varied group of natural products. In the first chapter the role that total synthesis may play in revising the structures proposed for decanolides, which are ten-membered lactones found primarily in fungi, frogs, and termites is presented. The following chapter presents the development of the intriguing plant-derived sesquiterpene lactone, thapsigargin, a potent inhibitor of the enzyme, SERCA (sarco-endoplasmic Ca2+ ATPase), which has potential as a lead compound to treat cancer. The third chapter covers the potential of various plant phenolic compounds for treating the tropical and sub-tropical infectious disease, leishmaniasis. In addition the volume presents recent advances related to the plant alkaloid, cryptolepine, which is of particular interest as a lead for the treatment of malaria, trypanosomiasis, and cancer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction - bioactive compounds and elements in human nutrition
• 2. Application of liquid chromatography for the analysis of flavonoids in food - an overview
• 3. Phenolic compounds in coffee and tea beverages
• 4. Methylxanthines in food products
• 5. Carotenoids as food products components and health promoting agents
• 6. Tocochromanols
• 7. Cyclitols - determination in food and bioactivity in the human organism
• 8. Capsaicinoids - properties and mechanisms of pro-health action
• 9. Dietary indoleamines: bioavailability and human health
• 10. Bioactive peptides analysis
• 11. Determination of antioxidant biomarkers in biological fluids
• 12. Speciation analysis of food products
• 13. Two sides of selenium. Occurrence and determination of selenium forms in food and environmental samples using analytical methods.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Most bioactive compounds have antioxidant activity, particularly tocochromanols, phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids), methylxantines and capsaicinoids. Some of these compounds have also other properties important for human health. For example, vitamin E protects against oxidative stress, but it is also known for its "non-antioxidant" functions, including cell signalling and antiproliferation. Selenium compounds and indoleamins are the components of the antioxidant enzymes. Selenium makes vitamin E acquisition easier and controls its physiological functions. In taking part in enzymatic reactions and protecting the cell against free radicals, selenium shows immunomodulative, antiphlogistic, and antiviral activity. Capsaicinoids possess not only antioxidant, but also antibacterial, analgesic, weight-reducing and thermoregulation properties. Studies have also demonstrated their gastroprotective and anticancer properties. Analytical Methods in the Determination of Bioactive Compounds and Elements in Food explores both the influence of particular compounds on human health and the methods used for their determination. Chapters describe various aspects of food and plant analysis, including chromatographic and non-chromatographic approaches as well as hyphenated techniques. Readers of this book will gain a comprehensive understanding of the important groups of bioactive compounds relevant to human health.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1
• Introduction to black cumin (Nigella sative): Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• Section 1. Nigella sative seeds: Cultivation, Composition and Applications
• 2
• Effect of cultivation, fertilization and irrigation practices on Nigella sative yield and quality
• 3
• Morphological characters of Nigella sativa
• 4
• Micro and macroscopic characterization of traded Nigella sativa seeds using applied systematics techniques
• 5
• Composition of Nigella sativa seeds
• 6
• Nigella sativa seed peptides (Thionins)
• 7
• Black cumin polysaccharides
• 8
• Thymoquinone: Chemistry and cunctionality
• 9
• Novel Prospective of Nigella sativa Essential Oil Analysis, Culinary and Medicinal Uses
• 10
• Rediscovering Nigella Seeds Bioactives Chemical Composition using Metabolomics Technologies
• 11
• Health promoting activities of Nigella sativa seeds
• 12
• Nigella sativa seed extract in green synthesis and nanocomposite
• 13
• Food applications of Nigella sative seeds
• 14
• Nutraceutical importance and applications of Nigella sativa seed flour
• 15
• Nigella sativa seed cake: nutraceutical significance and applications in the food and cosmetic industry
• 16
• Nigella sative seeds in cosmetic products
• 17
• Nigella sativa supplementation in ruminant diets: production, health, and environmental perspectives
• 18
• Nigella sativa seeds and its derivatives in poultry feed
• 19
• Nigella sative Seeds and Its Derivatives in Fish Feed
• Section 2: Nigella sative fixed oil: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 20
• Composition and Functionality of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 21
• Effect of processing on the composition and quality of Nigella sativa fixed oil
• 22
• Food applications of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 23
• Health-Promoting Activities of Nigella sativa Fixed Oil
• 24
• Micro- and Nano-encapsulation of Nigella sativa Oil
• 25
• Biodiesel Production Potential of Nigella sativa Oil
• Section 3: Nigella sative essential oil: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 26
• Composition and functionality of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 27
• Effect of processing on the composition and quality of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 28
• Food applications of Nigella sativa essential oil
• 29
• Health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa essential oil
• Section 4: Nigella sative seed extracts: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality and Applications
• 30
• Composition and Functionality of Nigella sativa Seed Extracts
• 31
• Nigella sativa seed extracts in functional foods and nutraceutical applications
• 32
• Health promoting activities of Nigella sativa seed extracts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Recent developments in the field of nutrition have led to increased interest in herbs and medicinal plants as phytochemical-rich sources for functional food, nutraceuticals, and drugs. As research sheds light on the therapeutic potential of various bioactive phytochemicals, the demand for plant extracts and oils has increased. Black cumin or black seeds (Nigella sativa) have particularly widespread nutritional and medicinal applications. In traditional medicine, black seeds are used to manage fatigue and chronic headache. Black seed oil is used as an antiseptic and analgesic remedy and for treatment of joint's pain and stiffness and can be mixed with sesame oil to treat dermatosis, abdominal disorders, cough, headache, fever, liver ailments, jaundice, sore eyes, and hemorrhoids. Thymoquinone, the main constituent in black seed volatile oil, has been shown to suppress carcinogenesis. Black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds: Chemistry, Technology, Functionality, and Applications presents in detail the chemical composition, therapeutic properties, and functionality of high-value oils, phytochemicals, nutrients, and volatiles of the Nigella sativa seed. Organized by formulation (seeds, fixed oil, essential oil, and extracts), chapters break this seed down into its chemical constituents and explore their role in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, novel food, natural drugs, and feed. Following numerous reports on the health-promoting activities of Nigella sativa, this is the first comprehensive presentation of the functional, nutritional, and pharmacological traits of Nigella sativa seeds and seed oil constituents.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction of Carotenoids
• 2.
• Chemistry of Carotenoids
• 3.
• Synthesis of Carotenoids
• 4.
• Apocarotenoids
• 5.
• Processing of carotenoids
• 6.
• Stability of carotenoids
• 7.
• Carotenoid analysis
• 8.
• Carotenoids Metabolism
• 9.
• Fortification of carotenoids
• 10. Carotenoids as antioxidants
• 11. Carotenoids as anticancer agents
• 12. Carotenoids as antidiabetic agents
• 13. Carotenoids in liver and lung diseases
• 14. Eye Sight and Carotenoids
• 15. Role of Carotenoids in Neurological Diseases
• 16. Carotenoids in women and infant health
• 17. Carotenoids roe in cardiovascular diseases
• 18. Application of Carotenoids in Cosmetics
• 19. Carotenoids as Coloring Agents
• 20. Provitamin A Carotenoids
• 21. Commercialization and marketing potential of carotenoids
• 22. Future trends and research dimensions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Plants produce chemicals as part of their normal metabolic activities. These include primary metabolites found in all plants, such as sugars and fats, as well as secondary metabolites, which can have therapeutic effects in humans and be refined to produce drugs. Plants synthesize a bewildering variety of phytochemicals, but most are derivatives of a few biochemical motifs. Numerous herbal-derived substances have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These include alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, plant pigments and flavonoids. Flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins are probably the best known of these substances due to their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body presents comprehensive coverage of carotenoids. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this organic pigment, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential. The authors approach carotenoids from a range of perspectives, from their structural and physicochemical properties to their distribution in nature, interaction with the human metabolism, and use as a coloring agent in various products. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health-related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in carotenoid research are also presented. This book provides a solid background in carotenoids for researchers and professionals in food science, food technology, nutrition, biology, chemistry and medical sciences.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1
• Chemical classification of polyphenols, sources and effects on human health
• 2
• Glucosinolates
• 3
• Peptides and proteins
• 4
• Dietary fibre
• 5
• Lipids
• 6
• Marine Bioactives
• 7
• Requirements of Bioactive Compounds for Health Claims
• 8
• Food and plant bioactives for reducing cardiovascular disease risk
• 9
• Bioactives for neuronal and immune functions
• 10
• Bioactives functionalization and interactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bioactive natural compounds have gained attention in recent years due to their potential health benefits, including reducing the risk of diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. These benefits derive from bioactive compounds' anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic activities, which serve in addition to their basic nutritional functions. Over the last decade, researchers have investigated the health impact of bioactive compounds in detail, and the development of food applications has attracted great interest. Consumer demand has surged for functional foods (nutraceuticals), superfoods, and tailor-made foods, generated by supplementing traditional food products with bioactive ingredients. Food Bioactives and Health offers comprehensive coverage of the properties and health effects of food bioactives in view of new trends in processing, food science and food technology. Starting with the metabolic characteristics of polyphenols, glucosinolates, and other food bioactives, the text then dives into their impact on human health and recent applications in the world of food technology. For food scientists, food technologists, and product developers looking to understand the role of food bioactives in health and develop applications in personalized nutrition, functional foods and nutraceuticals, Food Bioactives and Health serves as a one-stop reference. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Green Chemistry Learning Objectives A Brief History of Green Chemistry Some Common Descriptions of Green Chemistry Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Learning Objectives Introduction The 12 Principles of Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Innovative Aspects of Green Chemistry Learning Objectives About Innovation in General and in Green Chemistry About Thinking in General and for the Green Chemistry Innovations Examples of Innovations in Green Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions "on Water" Learning Objectives Types of Reactions in the Aqueous Medium and the Associated Nomenclature Examples of on Water Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions in Superheated Water Learning Objectives About Water: A Brief Review Superheated Water as a Green Reaction Medium Organic Reactions in Superheated Water: An Overview Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green "Solventless" Organic Reactions Learning Objectives Another Green Chemistry Paradigm Shift: Organic Reactions May Not Need a Solvent to Occur Definition of Solventless Reactions and the Related Nomenclature Solventless Reactions That Are Based on the Melting Behavior of the Reaction Mixtures: Innovative Aspects of This Method A New Look at the Familiar Concepts of Melting Point and Eutectic Point, and Their Relevant Phase Diagrams Green Chemistry Challenges with Respect to the Solventless Reactions Examples of Solventless Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Green Organic Reactions in the Solid State Learning Objectives Solid-State Reactions Other Than Those That Occur via the Melted State Solid-State Photochemical Reactions Microwave-Assisted Solid-State Reactions Rearrangement Reactions in the Solid State Synthetic Scope of the Solid-State Reactions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Engineering Learning Objectives Engineering and Its Branches Green Engineering and Its 12 Principles Comparison of Principles of Green Chemistry and Green Engineering Sustainability as Related to Green Engineering Types of Thinking That Are Useful in Green Engineering: Systems and Holistic Thinking Conclusions Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Chemical Industry and Its Greening Learning Objectives Introduction: Scope of Chemical Industry and the Objectives of This Chapter Products of Polymer Industry Types of Polymers Affect Polymer Properties Greening of the Chemical Industry Green Chemistry Metrics Summary Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in the Pharmaceutical Industry Learning Objectives An Introduction to the Pharmaceutical Industry Pharmaceutical Industry Often Has Difficulties in Meeting Green Chemistry Goals Greening of the Pharmaceutical Industry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Applications of Green Chemistry Principles in Analytical Chemistry Learning Objectives Application of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry to Analytical Chemistry Green Analytical Chemistry and Its Specialized Green Principles Greening of Analytical Chemistry Summary Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Application of Green Chemistry Principles in Environmental Chemistry Learning Objectives A Brief Overview of the Objectives of Environmental Chemistry Relationship between the Environmental and Green Chemistry Pharmaceuticals as Emerging Environmental Pollutants Development of Ecofriendly Chemicals in Response to the Findings of Environmental Chemistry Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References Greening Undergraduate Organic Laboratory Experiments Learning Objectives A Brief Survey of the Literature Sources on Green Organic Laboratory Experiments Selected Methods of Greening Organic Laboratory Experiments Review Questions Answers to Review Questions References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments. The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such as Engineering The chemical industry The pharmaceutical industry Analytical chemistry Environmental chemistry Each chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included. By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Origins of Cannabis Research.- Part One: The Tying of Early CBD Bonds.- Part Two: CBD and the Tying of Later Bonds.- Epilogue: The Future Bonds of CBD.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book traces the global chemical history of cannabidiol (CBD), which is a compound that originates partially from hemp (the fiber), marijuana (the popularized term for medicinal/recreational use), and cannabis (the species sativa). It also argues about the position that CBD is in today and the heritage established by chemists over the course of its development. Each term associated with the plant spans centuries of development and cross-culturally became an object of cultivation and commerce. Humans have explored cannabis' complex chemical possibilities with the hope that it would offer pain relief or some type of mind-numbing portal to other existences. As such the trio and their many incarnations have been and will continue to be an integral part of the past, the present, and the future. Known as cannabis compound cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive component of the drug, it is one of some 100-plus known cannabinoids; offshoots of the original plant that are isolated and, in some cases, chemically altered. Just as with any supposed pharmaceutical marvel, chemists are at the center of this narrative. In order to understand its historical roots, central to CBD's discovery was the efforts of scientists who worked in separate eras and regions. These included, Americans Roger Adams and Allyn Howlett, and the Bulgarian-born Israeli chemist Raphael Mechoulam, along with a throng of others. They influenced a generation of students and changed the face of cannabis research into the 21st century. What does its history tell us about the future of chemical products like CBD? This brief will explore the chemical heritage that formed across a complicated nexus of global events. These are the bonds that tie.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Total Synthesis of Dictyodendrin A-F by the Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Conjugated Diynes with Pyrroles
• 3. Construction of the Pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole Core of Spiroindoline Alkaloids by Gold-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Ynamide.

This book explores efficient syntheses of indole alkaloids based on gold-catalyzed cascade cyclizations, presenting two strategies for total synthesis of these natural products based on gold-catalyzed reactions of conjugated diyne or ynamide. The book first describes the total and formal synthesis of dictyodendrins A-F based on direct construction of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core using the gold-catalyzed annulation of azido-diynes and protected pyrrole. This synthetic strategy features late-stage functionalization of the pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole scaffold at several positions and allows diverse access to dictyodendrins and their derivatives. Secondly, the book discusses the formal synthesis of vindorosine based on the pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole construction using the gold-catalyzed cascade cyclization of ynamide. Importantly, the reaction using a chiral gold complex provides the optically active pyrrolo[2,3-d]carbazole. This strategy facilitates the rapid construction of the pyrrolocarbazole core structure of aspidosperma and related alkaloids, including vindorosine. These methodologies can accelerate the medicinal application of pyrrolocarbazole-type alkaloids and related compounds.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Carbohalogenation Catalyzed by Palladium and Nickel.-
• Chapter 2. Diastereoselective Pd-Catalyzed Aryl Cyanation and Aryl Borylation.-
• Chapter 3. Pd-Catalyzed Spirocyclization via C-H Activation and Benzyne/Alkyne Insertion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations generating functionalized heterocycles. Transition metal catalysis is at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry since it offers new and powerful methods to forge carbon-carbon bonds in high atom- and step-economy. In Chapter 1, the author describes a Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of aryl iodides to alkyl iodides, known as carboiodination. In the context of the Pd-catalyzed variant, the chapter explores the production of enantioenriched carboxamides through diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed carboiodination. It then discusses Ni-catalyzed reactions to generate oxindoles and an enantioselective variant employing a dual ligand system. Chapter 2 introduces readers to a Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective anion-capture cascade. It also examines diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aryl cyanation to synthesize alkyl nitriles, a method that generates high yields of borylated chromans as a single diastereomer, and highlights its synthetic utility. Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a Pd-catalyzed domino process harnessing carbopalladation, C-H activation and -system insertion (benzynes and alkynes) to generate spirocycles. It also describes the mechanistic studies performed on these reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data) This book presents Pd- and Ni-catalyzed transformations generating functionalized heterocycles. Transition metal catalysis is at the forefront of synthetic organic chemistry since it offers new and powerful methods to forge carbon-carbon bonds in high atom- and step-economy. In Chapter 1, the author describes a Pd- and Ni-catalyzed cycloisomerization of aryl iodides to alkyl iodides, known as carboiodination. In the context of the Pd-catalyzed variant, the chapter explores the production of enantioenriched carboxamides through diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed carboiodination. It then discusses Ni-catalyzed reactions to generate oxindoles and an enantioselective variant employing a dual ligand system. Chapter 2 introduces readers to a Pd-catalyzed diastereoselective anion-capture cascade. It also examines diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aryl cyanation to synthesize alkyl nitriles, a method that generates high yields of borylated chromans as a single diastereomer, and highlights its synthetic utility. Lastly, Chapter 3 presents a Pd-catalyzed domino process harnessing carbopalladation, C-H activation and π-system insertion (benzynes and alkynes) to generate spirocycles. It also describes the mechanistic studies performed on these reactions.

• Table of Contents
• Chapter 1 Biosynthesis, Localisation, and Function of Pectins in Plants 8
• 1.1 Pectin biosynthesis. 8
• 1.2 Localisation of pectins in plants. 11
• 1.3 Pectin functions in plants. 13
• Chapter 2 Pectin Structure. 25
• 2.1 Introduction.. 25
• 2.2 Galacturonans. 28
• 2.2.1 Homogalacturonans. 28
• 2.2.2 Galacturonans substituted with more or less complex side-chains. 31
• 2.3 Rhamnogalacturonan I 35
• 2.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan I backbone. 35
• 2.3.2 Rhamnogalacturonan I side-chains. 37
• 2.3.3 Side-chain intra- and inter-molecular distribution.. 39
• 2.4 Connection between pectin domains. 40
• 2.5 Conclusions. 42
• Chapter 3 Pectin Degrading Enzymes. 50
• 3.1 Introduction.. 50
• 3.2 Homogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. 51
• 3.2.1 Polygalacturonases (PG). 52
• 3.2.2 Pectin and pectate lyases. 55
• 3.2.3 Pectin methylesterases (PMEs). 57
• 3.2.4 Pectin acetylesterases (PAE). 59
• 3.3 Rhamnogalacturonan-degrading enzymes. 61
• 3.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan-hydrolases. 61
• 3.3.2 Rhamnogalacturonan-lyases. 62
• 3.3.3 Rhamnogalacturonan-acetylesterase. 64
• 3.4 Side-chain degrading enzymes. 64
• 3.4.1 Arabinanases and -arabinofuranosidases. 64
• 3.4.2 Galactanases and -galactosidases. 66
• 3.4.3 Feruloylesterases. 68
• 3.5 Synergistic action of pectin degrading enzymes. 69
• 3.6 Conclusion.. 70
• Chapter 4 Isolation and Characterisation of Pectin.. 80
• 4.1 Introduction.. 80
• 4.2 Extraction of pectin.. 82
• 4.2.1 Conventional extraction methods. 83
• 4.2.2 Enzymatic extraction.. 84
• 4.2.3 Microwave-assisted extraction.. 84
• 4.2.4 Ultrasonic extraction.. 85
• 4.2.5 Sub-critical water extraction/accelerated solvent extraction.. 85
• 4.3 Characterisation of pectin.. 86
• 4.3.1 Phenol-sulfuric acid/total carbohydrate assay. 86
• 4.3.2 Galacturonic acid content and degree of methyl esterification (DM). 87
• 4.3.3 Sugar composition.. 89
• 4.3.4 Molar mass and molar mass distribution.. 91
• 4.3.5 Intrinsic viscosity. 94
• 4.3.6 Rheology. 96
• 4.4. Conclusions. 98
• Chapter 5 Emulsification Properties of Pectin.. 107
• 5.1. Introduction.. 107
• 5.2. Role of structural elements on the interfacial activity. 109
• 5.2.1 The role of protein.. 109
• 5.2.2 The role of acetyl and methyl groups. 111
• 5.2.3 The role of molecular weight and side chains. 112
• 5.3. Phenomenology of pectin adsorption at the oil-water interface. 115
• 5.4. Conclusions. 121
• Chapter 6 Edible Films and Coatings with Pectin.. 125
• 6.1. Introduction.. 125
• 6.2. Edible films and coatings from pectins: elaboration and physical properties. 130
• 6.3. Pectin-based films and coatings in food preservation.. 139
• 6.4. Conclusions. 150
• Chapter 7 Pectin Gelation and its Assembly into Functional Materials 159
• 7.1 Introduction.. 159
• 7.1.1 A soft matter exemplar. 159
• 7.1.2 Evolved pectin networks. 160
• 7.1.3 Current human exploitation.. 161
• 7.1.4 Unlocking the potential 161
• 7.2 Making pectin gels. 162
• 7.2.1 Different types of junction zones. 162
• 7.2.2 Different assembly procedures. 167
• 7.2.3 Practical top-tips for making gels. 171
• 7.3 Measuring gel properties. 174
• 7.4 Modelling mechanical properties. 179
• 7.5 Conclusions. 182
• Chapter 8 Digestion and Metabolism of Pectin.. 192
• 8.1.
• Introduction.. 192
• 8.1.1 Pectin as a source of soluble fibre and influence on digestion.. 192
• 8.1.2 Sources of pectin.. 193
• 8.1.3 Processed vs. whole food sources. 195
• 8.2.
• Digestion.. 196
• 8.2.1 Introduction to digestion.. 196
• 8.2.2 Oral, gastric and small intestinal conditions. 198
• 8.3
• Metabolism.. 205
• 8.4
• Conclusions. 206
• Chapter 9 Pectin Bioactivity. 213
• 9.1. Introduction.. 213
• 9.2 Bioactivity of pectins and hydrolysates/derivatives. 214
• 9.2.1 Anticancer activity. 214
• 9.2.2 Immunomodulatory activity. 217
• 9.2.3 Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities. 218
• 9.2.4 Gastroprotection and other bioactivities. 220
• 9.3. Structure-function relationship. 223
• 9.3.1 Rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) pectin.. 223
• 9.3.2 Homogalacturonan (HG) and rhamnogalacturonan-II (RG-II) pectins. 225
• 9.3.3 Partially hydrolysed pectins, pectic oligosaccharides, and pectin derivatives. 228
• 9.4 Application of bioactive pectins. 232
• 9.5 Conclusions. 235
• Chapter 10 Pectin as Drug-Release Vehicle. 243
• 10.1. Introduction.. 243
• 10.2 Different drug delivery systems by various administration routes. 244
• 10.2.1. Oral drug delivery system (ODDs). 245
• 10.2.2. Other administration routes. 254
• 10.3. Conclusions. 263.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This text presents the technological and physiological properties of pectin in an educational approach that encompasses all of the essential information a researcher needs to fully understand their function and use in foods. Utilizing basic information on pectin as well as recent technological advances, this book is designed to be the primary resource for individuals seeking out an up to date reference work covering all the necessary informational and functional aspects of pectin. Pectin: technological and physiological properties is the first book to fully focus on the introductory concepts on pectin. Individual chapters cover localization and function, the structural aspects of pectin, pectinases, isolation and characterization and recovery from agricultural wastes. Important current advances such as emulsions, films, digestion, metabolism and bioactive properties are also focused on. With its combination of vital basic information and technological advances, this book presents full and up to date coverage on this pectin and its many forms and uses in foods. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Surfaces, interfaces and recycling from reactive and functional polymers: Editor's insights
• Author: Tomy J. Gutierrez*
• Chapter 2. Surface functionalization of polymers
• Authors: Deval Prasad Bhattaraia, Pashupati Pokharelb*, Dequan Xiaob
• Chapter 3. Surface reactive and active polymers
• Authors: Saeed Ghanooni, Nasser Nikfarjam, Pooyan Makvandi*
• Chapter 4. Polymer interface reactions
• Authors: Michael Cordin, Judith R. Buttler, Thomas Bechtold, Tung Pham*
• Chapter 5. Design of switchable and supramolecular polymers for biointerface applications
• Author: Luanda Lins *
• Chapter 6. Recycling of reactive and functional polymers
• Authors: A.M.M. Saleh*, Reem K. Farag
• Chapter 7. Readily recyclable thermosets based on dynamic covalent bonds
• Authors: Sheng Wang, Songqi Ma*, Jin Zhu
• Chapter 8. A review to guide eco-design of reactive polymer-based materials
• Authors: Emma Delamarche, Valerie Massardier*, Remy Bayard, Edson Dos Santos.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers. Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Four considers surface interactions, modifications and reactions, as well as reactive processes for recycling polymers and their biodegradability and compostability. World renowned researchers from Argentina, Austria, China, Egypt, France, Iran, Italy, Nepal and United States have participated in this book. With its comprehensive scope and up-to-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Role of functional polymers in the compatibilization of polymer blend
• s2. Compatibilization and crosslinking in biodegradable thermoplastic polyester blend
• s3. Crosslinked polymer hydrogel
• s4. Cross-linking of polymers: Rubber vulcanizatio
• n5. Cross-linkable bio and mineral fillers for reactive polymer composites: Processing and characterizatio
• n6. Functional crosslinked hydrogels.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers. Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume Two considers the coupling, crosslinking and grafting reactions to improve the compatibility of reactive and functional polymer blends. In this book, world-renowned researchers have participated, including Dr. Sabu Thomas (Editor-in-chief for the journal 'Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects'). With its comprehensive scope and up-to-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Designing Impactful Green and Sustainable Chemistry Workshops for High School Teachers / Wissinger, Jane E., Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States; Knutson, Cassandra M., White Bear Lake High School, White Bear Lake, Minnesota 55110, United States; Javner, Cassidy H., Shakopee High School, Shakopee, Minnesota 55379, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch001
• Educational Tools to Fight for the Planet: Education Is Our Most Powerful Weapon to Fight Climate Change / Foy, Gregory P., York College of Pennsylvania, 441 Country Club Road, York, Pennsylvania 17403, United States; Hill Foy, R. Leigh, York Suburban High School, 1800 Hollywood Drive, York, Pennsylvania 17403, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch002
• The Green Fuels Depot: Sustainability, Education, and Undergraduate Research at the Community College / Jarman, Richard H., Department of Chemistry, College of DuPage, Glen Ellyn, Illinois 60137, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch003
• Building Bridges between Sustainability and Chemistry in Education and Outreach / Larsen, Sarah C., Department of Chemistry, Fleming Hall, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States; Larsen, Russell G., Department of Chemistry, Fleming Hall, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States; Grassian, Vicki H., Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Nanoengineering and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Mail Code 0314, La Jolla, California 92093, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch004
• Greening the Senior High School Chemistry Curriculum: An Action Research Initiative / Linkwitz, Michael, Otto-Hahn-Gymnasium, Bergisch-Gladbach 51429, Germany; Eilks, Ingo, Department of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, Bremen 28334, Germany / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch005
• Education for Sustainable Development in High School through Inquiry-Type Socio-Scientific Issues / Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel, Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel; Mandler, Daphna, Department of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch006
• Incorporating Sustainability into Chemistry Education by Teaching through Project-Based Learning / Hugerat, Muhamad, The Academic Arab College for Education in Israel-Haifa, 22 Hahashmal Street, Haifa 33145, P.O. Box 8349, Israel / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch007
• Sustainability and Green Chemistry Education: Innovative and Contextualized Experiences from the Undergraduate Chemistry Courses at the Federal University of São Carlos, Brazil / Zuin, Vânia Gomes, Department of Chemistry, Postgraduate Programs in Education and Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís (SP-310), km 235, 13565-905 São Carlos, Brazil, The University of York, Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Gomes, Caroindes Julia Corrêa, Postgraduate Program in Education, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar) / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch008
• Evolution of an ACS-CEI Award-Winning Undergraduate Course in Catalytic Organic Chemistry / Rousseaux, Sophie A. L., Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada; Dicks, Andrew P., Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3H6, Canada / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch009
• A Holistic Approach to Incorporating Sustainability into Chemistry Education in Israel / Shwartz, Yael, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Eidin, Emil, CREATE for STEM Institute, Michigan State University, 620 Farm Lane, East Lansing, Michigan 48825, United States; Marchak, Debora, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Kesner, Miri, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Green, Neta Avraham, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Marom, Eldad, Open University, 1 University Road, P.O. Box 808, Ra'ana 43107, Israel; Cahen, David, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel; Hofstein, Avi, The Departments of Science Teaching, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 7610001, Israel, The Arabic Academic College, 22 HeHashmal Street, Haifa 33145, Israel; Dori, Yehudit Judy, Faculty for Education in Science and Technology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel, School of Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch010
• Malaysian Experiences of Incorporating Green Chemistry into Teaching and Learning of Chemistry across Secondary and Tertiary Education / Karpudewan, Mageswary, School of Educational Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 USM Penang, Malaysia / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ch011
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1344.ot001

A key step toward embracing sustainability and green chemistry is educating the next generation of chemists about their importance. To this aim, the ACS-CEI Award for Incorporation of Sustainability into Chemistry Education recognizes exemplary contributions. This two-volume set contains chapters written by recent award winners. This volume explores current efforts across the world to incorporate environmentally conscious material into chemistry curricula. Educators spanning K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms provide perspectives on new developments as well as methods to introduce preservice and current teachers to environmental teaching best practices.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Development of a Student-Centered Environmental Design Competition Focusing on Water Desalination and Purification / Mlynarski, Amy L., Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States; Keleher, Jason J., Department of Chemistry, Lewis University, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch001
• Using Local Water Resources for Environmental Education and Research / Berger, Michael, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch002
• Analysis of Contaminants in Muddy River Sediment Using XRF and Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry - An Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory and Research Investigation / Berger, Michael, Simmons University, 300 The Fenway, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch003
• Undergraduate Research in Biofuels from Water-Based Feedstocks / Welch, Lindsey A., Department of Chemical & Physical Sciences, Cedar Crest College, 100 College Drive, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch004
• Integrating Faculty Research into the Undergraduate Chemistry Curriculum: A CURE Using Porous Composite Materials for Water Remediation / Kissel, Daniel S., Lewis University, One University Parkway, Romeoville, Illinois 60446, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch005
• Teaching About and Using Novel Complexes for Aqueous Chelation and Water Remediation / Kajy, Marianne, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Mather, Courtney, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Cunningham, Hayden, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Polisano, Kayla, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Le, Coryn, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Al-Hilali, Ahmed, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Pothoof, Justin, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Blackwell, Clay, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States; Benvenuto, Mark, University of Detroit Mercy, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, 4001 W. McNichols Road, Detroit, Michigan 48221-3038, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch006
• Preparing and Testing Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents from Biodiesel Co-Product Glycerol for Use as Green Solvents in Organic Chemistry Teaching Laboratories / Bumbaugh, Robin E., California State University, Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, California 95929, United States; Ott, Lisa S., California State University, Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, California 95929, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch007
• Treatment of Pharmaceutical Wastewater Using Groundnut Shells / Onawumi, Oluwayemi O. E., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Bello, Olugbenga S., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria; Amoo, Folake A., Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, P.M.B. 4000, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ch008
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2020-1351.ot001

The impact of human activities on the environment continues to be an important topic for researchers and students alike. This work provides inspiration for instructors looking for new topics and new ways to integrate environmental chemistry topics into their classrooms and laboratories. With contributions focused on both teaching laboratories and student research, this collection will be useful for faculty teaching environmental science, chemistry, and biology. These examples showcase successful ways to increase student research literacy and engagement as a foundation for life-long learning.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Flash Point
• 2. Autoignition
• 3. Flammability Limit
• 4. Heat of Combustion
• 5. Polymer Flammability
• Problems
• Answers to Problems
• List of Symbols
• Appendix
• References
• Index

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• An Overview of the Catalytic Selective Hydrogenation Technologies of Benzene into Cyclohexene
• Benzene Selective Hydrogenation Thermodynamics, Heterogeneous Catalytic Kinetics Catalysis Mechanism and Scientific Essence
• The First-Generation Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene-Ru-M-B/ZrO2(M=Fe, La) Amorphous Alloys
• The Second-Generation Catalyst for Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene-Ru-Zn-Na2SiO3-PEG-10000
• Third-Generation Catalyst of Benzene Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene--Ru-M (Zn, Mn, Fe, La, Ce) Nano-bimetallic System
• Fourth-Generation Catalyst of Benzene-Selective Hydrogenation to Cyclohexene--Ru-Zn@BZSS Core-Shell Catalyst
• Modulation of Activity and Selectivity of the Catalyst for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• Catalyst Deactivation and Regeneration in Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• The Catalytic Technologies and Key Facilities for Benzene Selective Hydrogenation
• Selective Hydrogenation of Benzene to Cyclohexene and Incorporate Device of Its Downstream Products.

This book provides a comprehensive description of the catalytic technologies for selective hydrogenation of benzene to cyclohexene. Focusing on selective hydrogenation of benzene to prepare cyclohexene and its downstream products, such as cyclohexanone, bulk chemicals and high-value fine chemicals, it also discusses the objective laws, reaction mechanisms and scientific significance based on experimental data, analysis and characterization results. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership, particularly professionals at universities and scientific research institutes, senior undergraduates, master's and doctoral graduate students as well as practitioners in industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I. Nucleation and crystal growth
• X-Ray Birefringence Imaging (XBI): A New Technique for Spatially Resolved Mapping of Molecular Orientations in Materials / Kenneth D. M. Harris, Rhian Patterson, Yating Zhou, Stephen P. Collins
• Direct Visualization of Crystal Formation and Growth Probed by the Organic Fluorescent Molecules / Fuyuki Ito
• Anti-solvent Crystallization Method for Production of Desired Crystalline Particles / Hiroshi Takiyama
• Crystal Nucleation of Proteins Induced by Surface Plasmon Resonance / Tetsuo Okutsu
• Control of Crystal Size Distribution and Polymorphs in the Crystallization of Organic Compounds / Koichi Igarashi, Hiroshi Ooshima
• Managing Thermal History to Stabilize/Destabilize Pharmaceutical Glasses / Kohsaku Kawakami
• Part II. Structure and Design of Crystals
• Supramolecular, Hierarchical, and Energetical Interpretation of Organic Crystals: Generation of Supramolecular Chirality in Assemblies of Achiral Molecules / Mikiji Miyata, Seiji Tsuzuki
• Relationship Between Atomic Contact and Intermolecular Interactions: Significant Importance of Dispersion Interactions Between Molecules Without Short Atom–Atom Contact in Crystals / Seiji Tsuzuki
• Pharmaceutical Multicomponent Crystals: Structure, Design, and Properties / Okky Dwichandra Putra, Hidehiro Uekusa
• The Design of Porous Organic Salts with Hierarchical Process / Norimitsu Tohnai
• Layered Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks as Highly Crystalline Porous Materials / Ichiro Hisaki, Qin Ji, Kiyonori Takahashi, Takayoshi Nakamura
• Kinetic Assembly of Porous Coordination Networks Leads to Trapping Unstable Elemental Allotropes / Hiroyoshi Ohtsu, Pavel M. Usov, Masaki Kawano
• Creation of Organic-Metal Hybridized Nanocrystals Toward Nonlinear Optics Applications / Tsunenobu Onodera, Rodrigo Sato, Yoshihiko Takeda, Hidetoshi Oikawa
• Part III. Function
• Luminescent Crystal–Control of Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) Luminescence Through Polymorphism / Toshiki Mutai
• Solid-State Fluorescence Switching Using Photochromic Diarylethenes / Seiya Kobatake, Tatsumoto Nakahama
• Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Solid-State Chiral Luminophores / Yoshitane Imai
• Azulene-Based Materials for Organic Field-Effect Transistors / Hiroshi Katagiri
• Electrochemical Functions of Nanostructured Liquid Crystals with Electronic and Ionic Conductivity / Masahiro Funahashi
• Part IV. Kryptoracemates / Edward R. T. Tiekink
• Twenty-Five Years’ History, Mechanism, and Generality of Preferential Enrichment as a Complexity Phenomenon / Rui Tamura, Hiroki Takahashi, Gérard Coquerel
• Asymmetric Synthesis Involving Dynamic Enantioselective Crystallization / Masami Sakamoto
• Molecular Recognition by Inclusion Crystals of Chiral Host Molecules Having Trityl and Related Bulky Groups / Motohiro Akazome, Shoji Matsumoto
• Asymmetric Catalysis and Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation by Homochiral Metal–Organic Framework: Recent Advances
• Koichi Tanaka
• Part V. Solid-State Polymerization of Conjugated Acetylene Compounds to Form pi-conjugated polymers / Shuji Okada, Yoko Tatewaki, Ryohei Yamakado
• Click Chemistry to Metal-Organic Frameworks as a Synthetic Tool for MOF and Applications for Functional Materials / Kazuki Sada, Kenta Kokado.

This book summarizes and records the recent notable advances in diverse topics in organic crystal chemistry, which has made substantial progress along with the rapid development of a variety of analysis and measurement techniques for solid organic materials. This review book is one of the volumes that are published periodically on this theme. The previous volume, published in 2015, systematically summarized the remarkable progress in assorted topics of organic crystal chemistry using organic solids and organic-inorganic hybrid materials during the previous 5 years, and it has been widely read. The present volume also shows the progress of organic solid chemistry in the last 5 years, with contributions mainly by invited members of the Division of Organic Crystal Chemistry of the Chemical Society of Japan (CSJ), together with prominent invited authors from countries other than Japan.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xi
• Introduction xiii
• 1 The Structure of Matter 1
• The Route to the Atomic Theory 1
• The Atomic Theory, Atomic Number, and Atomic Weight 4
• Atomic Structure 7
• Isotopes 8
• The Electronic Structure of Atoms 9
• Electronic Structure of Transition Metals 11
• Hybridisation of Orbitals 11
• Chemical Bonding, Ions, Cations, Anions, and Molecules 12
• Review Questions 16
• 2 Carbon 1 - Hydrocarbons 17
• Ethane: Conformational Isomers 17
• Alkanes: Structural Isomers 20
• Alkenes: Geometric Isomers 22
• Alkynes 26
• Cyclic Structures 26
• Polycyclic Structures 28
• Greek Letters 30
• Aromatic Rings 31
• Stereoisomerism 33
• Rules for Hydrocarbon Nomenclature 36
• Quick Rules for Isomers 37
• Stereoisomers 37
• Review Questions 38
• 3 Carbon 2 - Heteroatoms 39
• Hydrogen Bonding 39
• Alcohols 40
• Phenols 43
• Ethers 44
• Aldehydes 45
• Ketones 46
• Carboxylic Acids 47
• Esters 49
• Acid Anhydrides and Chlorides 50
• Acetals and Ketals 50
• Peroxy Compounds 52
• Nitrogen-Amines and Ammonium Salts 53
• Nitrogen-Imines, Schiff's Bases, and Enamines 54
• Nitrogen-Amides/Peptides 55
• Nitrogen-Nitriles 56
• Nitrogen-Nitro Compounds 57
• Sulfur 58
• Heterocyclic Compounds 60
• Review Question 66
• 4 States of Matter 67
• Solids 67
• Liquids 71
• Gases 71
• Phase Changes 71
• Two?Phase Systems 73
• Solubility 74
• Surfactants 75
• Emulsions 79
• Micelles 81
• Detergency 81
• Bilayers 82
• Colloids 84
• Review Questions 84
• 5 Separation and Purification 85
• Distillation 85
• Sublimation 93
• Crystallisation 93
• Solvent Extraction 94
• Recent Developments in Commercial Extraction of Natural Fragrance
• Ingredients 95
• Chromatography 96
• Paper Chromatography 98
• Thin Layer Chromatography 98
• Column Chromatography 99
• High Performance Liquid Chromatography 100
• Gas Chromatography 100
• Review Questions 105
• 6 Analysis 107
• Physical Methods of Analysis 108
• Density 108
• Melting Point 108
• Boiling Point 108
• Refractive Index 109
• Optical Rotation 109
• Flashpoint 109
• Viscosity 109
• Colour 109
• Chemical Methods of Analysis 110
• Titration 110
• Acid Content 111
• Base Content 111
• Peroxide Content 111
• Ester Value 111
• Aldehyde/Ketone Content 112
• Phenol Content 112
• Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 112
• Water Content 112
• Atomic Absorption 113
• Spectroscopic Methods of Analysis 113
• Ultraviolet (UV) 114
• Infrared (IR) 118
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) 120
• Mass Spectrometry (MS) 124
• Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 127
• Eugenol as an Example of Spectroscopic Techniques 127
• Quality Control 131
• Review Questions 132
• 7 Chemical Reactivity 133
• The Three Laws of Thermodynamics 133
• Free Energy 135
• Chemical Reactions 136
• The Principle of Microscopic Reversibility and Chemical Equilibrium 137
• Reaction Profiles 138
• Catalysts 140
• Types of Organic Reactions 140
• Review Questions 145
• 8 Chemistry and Perfume 1: Acid/Base Reactions 147
• Acids and Bases 147
• Strong and Weak 149
• pH 150
• Electrophiles and Nucleophiles 152
• Esterification and Ester Hydrolysis 154
• The Aldol Reaction and Aldol Condensation 155
• Acetals and Ketals 158
• Schiff's Bases and Enamines 160
• Nitriles 161
• Alcohol Dehydration 162
• Acid?Catalysed Addition to Olefins 163
• The Michael Reaction 164
• The Grignard Reaction 165
• The Friedel-Crafts Reaction 167
• Electrophilic Substitutions in Aromatic Molecules 168
• Review Questions 170
• 9 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions 171
• Review Questions 185
• 10 Perfume Structure 187
• Notes, Chords, and Discords 187
• Ingredients 187
• Odour Families and Top, Middle, and Base Notes 188
• Persistence/Tenacity 191
• Threshold 192
• Impact 192
• Radiance/Bloom 193
• Physical and Chemical Factors 194
• Review Questions 196
• 11 Chemistry in Consumer Goods 197
• Introduction 197
• Acids in Consumer Goods 198
• Bases in Consumer Goods 199
• Nucleophiles in Consumer Goods 200
• Oxidants in Consumer Goods 201
• Reductants in Consumer Goods 202
• Surfactants in Consumer Goods 204
• Chelating Agents in Consumer Goods 205
• Photoactive Agents in Consumer Goods 206
• Antibacterial Agents in Consumer Goods 207
• Other Reactive Ingredients in Consumer Goods 208
• Types of Consumer Goods 209
• Fine Fragrance 209
• Cosmetics and Toiletries 210
• Personal Wash 210
• Laundry 211
• Household 212
• Review Questions 214
• 12 The Chemistry of Living Organisms 215
• Molecular Recognition 215
• Classes of Natural Chemicals 218
• Carbohydrates 218
• Nucleic Acids 221
• Lipids 223
• Proteins 225
• Toxicity and Product Safety 230
• Review Questions 239
• 13 The Mechanism of Olfaction 243
• The Role of Olfaction in Biology 243
• The Organs Used in Olfaction 244
• The Process of Olfaction 246
• Transport to the Receptors 246
• The Receptor Event 247
• The Combinatorial Nature of Olfaction 249
• The Perception of Odour 252
• Review Questions 256
• 14 Natural Fragrance Ingredients 257
• Why Does Nature Produce Odorous Chemicals? 257
• Basic Principles of Biosynthesis: Enzymes and Cofactors 258
• General Pattern of Biosynthesis of Secondary Metabolites 261
• Polyketide Biosynthesis 262
• Lipid Biosynthesis 263
• The Shikimic Acid Pathway 265
• Terpenoids 267
• Degradation Products 277
• Malodours 279
• Review Questions 281
• 15 Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients 283
• Why the Industry Uses Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients? 283
• The Economics of Fragrance Ingredient Manufacture 284
• Production of Fragrance Ingredients from Polyketides and Shikimates 288
• Terpenoid Production 290
• Production of Fragrance Ingredients from Petrochemicals 302
• What Is Required of a Fragrance Ingredient? 320
• How Novel Fragrance Ingredients Are Designed? 322
• Review Questions 326
• 16 Chemical Information 329
• How New Chemical Information Is Generated and Published? 329
• Patents 329
• Reviews and Books 331
• Abstracts 331
• How to Find Chemical Information? 333
• 17 Towards a Sustainable Future 335
• What Is Sustainability? 335
• Commercial Feasibility 337
• Safety in Use 337
• Natural Fragrance Ingredients 340
• Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients 341
• Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients A: Use of By?Products 341
• Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients B: Environmental Impact 342
• Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients C: Biotechnology 344
• Synthetic Fragrance Ingredients D: Finding the Balance 345
• The Symrise Route 347
• The Takasago Route 347
• The BASF Route 348
• Menthol Sustainability 349
• Pro?fragrances 351
• Social and Health Factors 353
• Understanding Olfaction 353
• Malodour Management 354
• Health and Well?Being 355
• Information 356
• Conclusion 356
• Answers to Review Questions 357
• Glossary 371
• Bibliography 379
• Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Comprehensively teaches all of the fundamentals of fragrance chemistry Ernest Beaux, the perfumer who created Chanel No. 5, said, "One has to rely on chemists to find new aroma chemicals creating new, original notes. In perfumery, the future lies primarily in the hands of chemists." This book provides chemists and chemists-to-be with everything they need to know in order to create welcome new fragrances for the world to enjoy. It offers a simplified introduction into organic chemistry, including separation techniques and analytical methodologies; discusses the structure of perfume creation with respect to the many reactive ingredients in consumer products; and shows how to formulate effective and long-lasting scents. Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry starts by covering the structure of matter in order to show how its building blocks are held together. It continues with chapters that look at hydrocarbons and heteroatoms. A description of the three states of matter and how each can be converted into another is offered next, followed by coverage of separation and purification of materials. Other chapters examine acid/base reactions; oxidation and reduction reactions; perfume structure; the mechanism of olfaction; natural and synthetic fragrance ingredients; and much more. -Concentrates on aspects of organic chemistry, which are of particular importance to the fragrance industry -Offers non-chemists a simplified yet complete introduction to organic chemistry?from separation techniques and analytical methodologies to the structure of perfume creation -Provides innovative perfumers with a framework to formulate stable fragrances from the myriad of active ingredients available -Looks at future trends in the industry and addresses concerns about sustainability and quality management Fundamentals of Fragrance Chemistry is an ideal resource for students who are new to the subject, as well as for chemists and perfumers already working in this fragrant field of science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sesterterpenoids.- Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungi from China.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The first chapter in volume 111 summarizes research on the sesterterpenoids, which are known as a relatively small group of natural products. However, they express a variety of simple to complicated chemical structures. This chapter focuses on the chemical structures of sesterterpenoids and how their structures are synthesized in Nature. The second chapter is devoted to marine-derived fungi, which play an important role in the search for structurally unique secondary metabolites, some of which show promising pharmacological activities that make them useful leads for drug discovery. Marine natural product research in China in general has made enormous progress in the last two decades as described in this chapter on fungal metabolites. This contribution covers 613 new natural products reported from 2001 to 2017 from marine-derived fungi obtained from algae, sponges, corals, and other marine organisms from Chinese waters.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and the Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 27 Carbohydrates Chapter 28 Lipids Chapter 29 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 30 Pericyclic Reactions Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers (Available online).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Smith's Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new fifth edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled "teaching" illustrations. The fifth edition features a modernized look with updated chemical structures throughout. Because of the close relationship between chemistry and many biological phenomena, Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics presents an approach to traditional organic chemistry that incorporates the discussion of biological applications that are understood using the fundamentals of organic chemistry. See the New to Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics section for detailed content changes. Don't make your text decision without seeing Organic Chemistry, 5th edition by Janice Gorzynski Smith and Heidi Vollmer-Snarr! .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Using Flipped Classroom Settings to Shift the Focus of a General Chemistry Course from Topic Knowledge to Learning and Problem-Solving Skills: A Tale of Students Enjoying the Class They Were Expecting to Hate / Ramella, Daniele, College of Science and Technology-Department of Chemistry, Temple University, 1901 North 13th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States; Brock, Benjamin E., CAT-Center for Advancement of Teaching, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States, School of Education, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States; Velopolcek, Maria K., Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, United States; Winters, Kyle P., School of Dentistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch001
• Combining Pre-class Preparation with Collaborative In-Class Activities to Improve Student Engagement and Success in General Chemistry / Blaser, Mark / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch002
• Using Clicker-Based Group Work Facilitated by a Modified Peer Instruction Process in a Highly Successful Flipped General Chemistry Classroom / Pollozi, Shejla, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States; Haddad, Ibrahim, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States; Tyagi, Aanchal, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States; Mills, Pamela, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States; McGregor, Donna, Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, New York 10468, United States, Ph.D. Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch003
• Maximizing Learning Efficiency in General Chemistry / Cracolice, Mark S., Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, United States; Queen, Matt, Department of Biological and Physical Sciences, Montana State University Billings, 1500 University Drive, Billings, Montana 59101, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch004
• Flipping General Chemistry in Small Classes: Students' Perception and Success / Hutchinson-Anderson, Kelly M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch005
• Active Learning in the Large Lecture Hall Format / LaBrake, Cynthia / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch006
• Large-Scale, Team-Based Curriculum Transformation and Student Engagement in General Chemistry I and II / Lamont, Liana B., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Stoll, Lindy K., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Pesavento, Theresa M., Department of Academic Technology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1305 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Bain, Rachel L., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Landis, Clark R., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States; Sibert, Edwin L., Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch007
• Active Learning in Hybrid-Online General Chemistry / Miller, Dionne A. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch008
• A Course Transformation to Support First-Year Chemistry Education for Engineering Students / Addison, Christopher J.; Núñez, José Rodríguez / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch009
• Flipped Classroom Learning Environments in General Chemistry: What Is the Impact on Student Performance in Organic Chemistry? / Eichler, Jack F., Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States; Peeples, Junelyn, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ch010
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1322.ot001

• Introduction to Active Learning in Organic Chemistry and Essential Terms / Houseknecht, Justin B., Department of Chemistry, Wittenberg University, P.O. Box 720, Springfield, Ohio 45501, United States; Leontyev, Alexey, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, North Dakota State University, Dept 2735, P.O. Box 6050, Fargo, North Dakota 58108, United States; Maloney, Vincent M., Department of Chemistry, Purdue University Fort Wayne, 2101 East Coliseum Boulevard, Fort Wayne, Indiana 46805-1499, United States; Welder, Catherine O., Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, 41 College Street, 6128 Burke Laboratory, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch001
• Using Just-in-Time Teaching To Engage Rural Students in Small Enrollment Organic Chemistry Classes / Lenczewski, Mary S. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch002
• Finding Time for Active Learning with Just-in-Time Teaching / Umile, Thomas P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch003
• Clickers in Small Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Courses: Increasing Student Engagement while Improving Perception / DeCicco, Racquel C. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch004
• Collaborative Problem Solving: Using Clickers and Cloud Folders To Enhance Student Learning in Organic Chemistry / Jeske, Ryan C., Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Room 305, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States; Jones, James A., Research and Academic Effectiveness, Ball State University, 2000 University Avenue, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States; Stanford, Courtney L., Department of Chemistry, Ball State University, Cooper Physical Science Building, Room 305, Muncie, Indiana 47306, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch005
• Student Use of Classroom Response Systems To Promote Active Learning / Shea, Kevin M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch006
• The Mechanisms App and Platform:: A New Game-Based Product for Learning Curved Arrow Notation / Winter, Julia E., Alchemie Solutions, Inc., 950 Stephenson Highway, Troy, Michigan 48083, United States; Wegwerth, Sarah E., Alchemie Solutions, Inc., 950 Stephenson Highway, Troy, Michigan 48083, United States; DeKorver, Brittland K., Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, Michigan 49401, United States; Morsch, Layne A., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Springfield, One University Plaza, MS HSB 314, Springfield, Illinois 62703, United States; DeSutter, Dane, Learning Sciences Research Institute, 1240 West Harrison Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States; Goldman, Lawrence M., Department of Chemistry, University of Washington 4000 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States; Reutenauer, Lauren M., Department of Chemistry, Amherst College, 220 South Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch007
• An All-In Approach to Flipping the Organic Chemistry Classroom Using Elements of Peer-Led Team Learning with Undergraduate Learning Assistants / Welder, Catherine O. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch008
• Flipping an Allied Health Survey Course of Organic and Biological Chemistry / Schirch, Douglas / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch009
• Benefits of a Partially Flipped Organic Chemistry Course to Student Perceptions and Learning / Shattuck, James C. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch010
• Effective Implementations of a Partially Flipped Classroom for Large-Enrollment Organic Chemistry Courses / Casselman, Matthew D. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch011
• Cooperative Learning in Large Sections of Organic Chemistry: Transitioning to POGIL / Canelas, Dorian A., Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States; Hill, Jennifer L., Trinity College Office of Assessment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States; Carden, Robert G., Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch012
• Combining POGIL and a Flipped Classroom Methodology in Organic Chemistry / DeMatteo, Matthew P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ch013
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1336.ot001

Organic chemistry courses are often difficult for students, and instructors are constantly seeking new ways to improve student learning. This volume details active learning strategies implemented at a variety of institutional settings, including small and large; private and public; liberal arts and technical; and highly selective and open-enrollment institutions. Readers will find detailed descriptions of methods and materials, in addition to data supporting analyses of the effectiveness of reported pedagogies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Communicating Chemistry: An Introduction / Crawford, Garland L., Department of Chemistry, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207, United States; Kloepper, Kathryn D., Department of Chemistry, Mercer University, Macon, Georgia 31207, United States; Meyers, John J., Department of Chemistry and Physics, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia 30260, United States; Singiser, Richard H., Department of Chemistry and Physics, Clayton State University, Morrow, Georgia 30260, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch001
• From Cornerstone to Capstone: Perspectives on Improving Student Communication Skills through Intentional Curricular Alignment / Trogden, Bridget G., Department of Engineering and Science Education and Division of Undergraduate Studies, Vickery Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, United States; Mazer, Joseph P., Department of Communication, Daniel Hall, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29631, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch002
• Linking Oral Communication in the Chemistry Classroom to the American Association of Colleges and Universities VALUE Rubric / Potts, Gretchen E. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch003
• Developing Undergraduate Students' Critical Thinking Skills in a Chemical Communications Course and Beyond / O'Donnell, Jodi L., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States; Karr, Jesse W., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States; Lipinski, Bryce M., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States; Frederickson, Danielle, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Siena College, Loudonville, New York 12211, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch004
• Practicing Multimodal Chemistry Communication through Online Collaborative Learning / Wentzel, Michael T., Department of Chemistry, Augsburg University, 2211 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States; Ripley, Isaiah, Department of Chemistry, Augsburg University, 2211 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, United States; McCollum, Brett M., Department of Chemistry and Physics, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T3E 6K6; Morsch, Layne A., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Springfield, One University Plaza, MS HSB 314, Springfield, Illinois 62703, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch005
• Examining the Use of Scientific Argumentation Strategies in Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Learning Contexts To Teach Climate Science / Ross, Annemarie D., Department of Science and Mathematics, National Technical Institute for the Deaf at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States; Yerrick, Randy, Department of Learning and Instruction, The State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; Pagano, Todd, Department of Science and Mathematics, National Technical Institute for the Deaf at the Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch006
• Implementing Reciprocal Peer Teaching in the Instrumental Analysis Laboratory / Dickson-Karn, Nicole M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch007
• Oral Alternatives to Traditional Written Lab Reports / Berns, Veronica M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch008
• Advancing Scientific Communication with Infographics: An Assignment for Upper-Level Chemistry Classes / Jones, Rebecca M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch009
• Engaging Nonchemistry Majors Through Application-Based Final Projects in the Elementary Organic Chemistry Classroom / Yearty, Kasey L.; Morrison, Richard W. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch010
• Structured Presentations That Tie Chemistry Course Content to Everyday Context / Miller, Aimee L. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch011
• Can You Teach Subatomic Particles with WKRP in Cincinnati and Climate Change with Last Week Tonight with John Oliver: Conveying Chemistry to Nonscience Majors Using Videos / Hickey, Sean P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch012
• Building Scientific Communication Skills through MythBusters Videos and Community Engagement / Flener-Lovitt, Charity, School of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States; Shinneman, Avery Cook, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States; Adams, Kara, Office of Community-Based Learning and Research, University of Washington Bothell, Bothell, Washington 98011, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch013
• Why Communicating Chemistry Can Be Complicated / Whitcombe, Todd / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch014
• Investigating the Content Connections of General Chemistry and Chemistry in the News / Lolinco, Annabelle, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States; Kindle, Christina, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States; Holme, Thomas, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch015
• Using Art To Communicate Chemistry / Williams, Vance E. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch016
• The Future of Chemistry Communication Is Digital: Overcoming Hesitancies for Online Engagement / Mojarad, Sarah / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch017
• Encouraging Bridges: Connecting Science Students to Public Problem-Solving through Science Communication / Drury, Sara A. Mehltretter, Department of Rhetoric, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States; Rush, Ryan A., Department of Psychology, Franklin College, Franklin, Indiana 46131, United States; Wilder, Sarah E., Department of Communication Studies, Luther College, Decorah, Iowa 52101, United States; Wysocki, Laura M., Department of Chemistry, Wabash College, Crawfordsville, Indiana 47933, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ch018
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1327.ot001

• Enhancing Student Retention in General and Organic Chemistry: An Introduction / Gupta, Tanya, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota 57007, United States; Hartwell, Supaporn Kradtap, Department of Chemistry, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio 45207, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch001
• Gateways to Completion: Reconceptualizing General Chemistry I to Enhance Student Success at Eastern Michigan University / Johnson, Amy Flanagan; Nord, Ross / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch002
• Low DWF Rate General Chemistry Course: It Is Possible / Hayes, Ryan T.; Randall, David W. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch003
• Improving Student Success One Step at a Time / Casey, Kirsten A.; Tracey, Lynn J.; Miller, Kristine E.; Gabbard, Elizabeth A. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch004
• Creating a System of Integrated Support for General Chemistry Cohorts Utilizing Student-Driven Laboratory Curriculum / Chamberlin, Stacy I.; Mier, Lynetta M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch005
• Reconfiguring the General Chemistry I Laboratory Course at a Small PUI / Bolyard, Lori A.; Neal, Brad M.; Cutler, Ann R.; Styers-Barnett, David K. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch006
• Using Graduate and Experienced Undergraduate Students to Support Introductory Courses / Kerr, Emily F., Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States; Samuels, Martin, Derek Bok Center for Teaching and Learning, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch007
• Molecular Sciences Made Personal: Developing Curiosity in General and Organic Chemistry with a Multi-Semester Utility Value Intervention / Zavala, Jose A., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Chadha, Rajat, Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 505 E. Armory Ave., Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States; Steele, Diana M., Center for Innovation in Teaching and Learning, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 505 E. Armory Ave., Champaign, Illinois 61820, United States; Ray, Christian, Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States; Moore, Jeffrey S., Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 505 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States, Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 1304 W. Green St., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States, Beckman Institute for the Advancement of Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch008
• Enhancing Student Learning and Retention in Organic Chemistry: Benefits of an Online Organic Chemistry Preparatory Course / King, Susan M., University of California, Irvine, 2133 Natural Sciences II, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States; Zhou, Ninger, University of California, Irvine, 3200 Education, Irvine, California 92697-5500, United States; Fischer, Christian, University of California, Irvine, 3200 Education, Irvine, California 92697-5500, United States; Rodriguez, Fernando, University of California, Irvine, 3200 Education, Irvine, California 92697-5500, United States; Warschauer, Mark, University of California, Irvine, 3200 Education, Irvine, California 92697-5500, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch009
• Increasing Student Mastery of Organic Chemistry through Planned Interface of NMR Lecture and Laboratory Activities / Schelble, Susan M.; Magee, Chad L.; Dohoney, Ryan A. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch010
• Evaluation of a Peer-Led Team Learning-Flipped Classroom Reform in Large Enrollment Organic Chemistry Courses / Mutanyatta-Comar, Joan; Mooring, Suazette R. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch011
• Factors Influencing Student Engagement, Motivation, and Learning: Strategies to Enhance Student Success and Retention / Gute, Brian D.; Wainman, Jacob W. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ch012
• Acknowledgments / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ot002
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1341.ot001

General and organic chemistry are part of many STEM majors and subsequent STEM careers. Student success in these (gatekeeping) courses can dramatically alter a student's path. This volume discusses courses and curricula designed to improve retention and lower the number of students receiving a D, F, or W in a course. Faculty, administrators, educational policy developers, and other readers will find effective interventions that can be applied at diverse institutions to increase student success in chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Game of Thrones, Breaking Bad, Nicolas Cage, Harry Potter, Pulp Fiction, and More: The Key Ingredients in Teaching Biochemistry to Nonscience Majors / Hickey, Sean P. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch001
• CHEMTERTAINMENT: Using Video Clips from Movies, Television Series, and YouTube To Enhance the Teaching and Learning Experience of an Introductory Chemistry Lecture Class / Mojica, Elmer-Rico E. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch002
• Teaching with Videos and Animations: Tuning in, Getting Turned on, and Building Relationships / Starkey, Laurie S. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch003
• What To Do with Class Time? / Parr, Jessica / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch004
• Use of Multimedia Tools in the Chemistry Classroom To Foster Student Participation / Broyer, Rebecca M. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch005
• Video Assessment of Students' Lab Skills / Skibo, Catherine / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch006
• Videotaping Experiments in an Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Course at Pace University / Mojica, Elmer-Rico E.; Upmacis, Rita K. / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch007
• Impact of Student-Created Mechanism Videos in Organic Chemistry 2 Labs / Gupta, Nirzari; Nikles, Jacqueline / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch008
• Final Thoughts on Videos in Chemistry Education / Parr, Jessica / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ch009
• Editor Biography / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2019-1325.ot001

The application of new methods for engaging students with content is complicated by the lack of real-life models. This work provides the reader with rich examples of ways that faculty have implemented videos to help students prepare for classwork. Describing the practical use of tools, such as SMART boards and iPad apps, chapters serve as how-to manuals to support faculty looking to put these tools into practice in their chemistry courses, from high school and general chemistry to analytical chemistry and special topics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction of Mid-Size Drugs and Peptidomimetics.-
• 2. Chloroalkene Dipeptide Isosteres as Peptidomimetics.-
• 3. Conformational-restricted Cyclic Peptides.-
• 4. Peptidomimetics that Mimic Secondary Structures of Peptides.- 5.Peptidomimetics that Mimic Tertiary Structures of Peptides.-
• 6. Conjugated Compounds Involving Peptides.-
• 7. Summary and Future Perspectives of Researches on Mid-Size Drugs.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This brief describes studies conducted by the authors on mid-size drugs utilizing peptides and peptidomimetics, and on the development of anti-HIV agents. Peptides are important biological molecules and have various physiological actions. Peptide-based drug discovery may help bring about the development of useful medicines that are highly safe and show potent pharmacological effects in small doses. Recently, it has been shown that there is an important drug-like space in the mid-sized region between low- and high-molecular-weight compounds. Thus, mid-size drugs such as peptide compounds are being focused on. To date, several peptidomimetics that mimic primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of peptides have been developed to maintain and improve biological activities and actions of peptides. In this book, the features and advantages of mid-size drugs are described in detail. In addition, the merits of utilizing peptidomimetics in the development of mid-size drugs are referred to. Understanding such peptide-derived mid-size drugs will lead to a comprehensive expansion of medicinal chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to spectroscopy (Spectrometry)
• Ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectroscopy.
• Infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
• Raman spectroscopy.
• Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PMR or ¹H NMR) spectroscopy.
• ¹³C NMR spectroscopy.
• Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy.
• Mass spectroscopy (MS)
• Spectroscopic solutions of structural problems.

Organic Spectroscopy presents the derivation of structural information from UV, IR, Raman, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, Mass and ESR spectral data in such a way that stimulates interest of students and researchers alike. The application of spectroscopy for structure determination and analysis has seen phenomenal growth and is now an integral part of Organic Chemistry courses. This book provides: -A logical, comprehensive, lucid and accurate presentation, thus making it easy to understand even through self-study; -Theoretical aspects of spectral techniques necessary for the interpretation of spectra; -Salient features of instrumentation involved in spectroscopic methods; -Useful spectral data in the form of tables, charts and figures; -Examples of spectra to familiarize the reader; -Many varied problems to help build competence ad confidence; -A separate chapter on `spectroscopic solutions of structural problems' to emphasize the utility of spectroscopy. Organic Spectroscopy is an invaluable reference for the interpretation of various spectra. It can be used as a basic text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of spectroscopy as well as a practical resource by research chemists. The book will be of interest to chemists and analysts in academia and industry, especially those engaged in the synthesis and analysis of organic compounds including drugs, drug intermediates, agrochemicals, polymers and dyes.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Synthesis Pathways to Erythrina Alkaloids and Erythrina Type Compounds.- The Trichothecenes and Their Biosynthesis.- Melanin, Melanogenesis, and Vitiligo.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The volumes contain contributions on various topics related to the origin, distribution, chemistry, synthesis, biochemistry, function or use of various classes of naturally occurring substances ranging from small molecules to biopolymers. Each contribution is written by a recognized authority in his field and provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the topic in question.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Struktur, Darstellung und Reaktionen von Cyclopolyphosphinen
• Elektrophile Substitutionen bei quecksilberorganischen Verbindungen
• Im Steinkohlenteer nachgewiesene organische Verbindungen.

• Questions.- Answers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This workbook in stereochemistry is designed for students, lecturers and scientists in chemistry, pharmacy, biology and medicine who deal with chiral chemical compounds and their properties. It serves as a supplement to textbooks and seminars and thus provides selected examples for students to practice the use of the conventions and terminology for the exact three-dimensional description of chemical compounds. It contains 191 problems with extended solutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• What is a Supermolecule? -Its Origin, History and, Future.- Chemistry of Molecular Recognition -A Host Molecule Can Recognize its Guest Molecule.- Topology of Molecules -Formative Arts in Supramolecular Chemistry.- Supramolecular Assembly -Self-Organization of Molecules.- Supermolecules in Future Technology -Molecular Device and Nanotechnology.- Biological Supermolecules-Interface with Biology.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The fundamentals of "supramolecular chemistry" to the latest developments on the subject are covered by this book. It sets out to explain the topic in a relatively easy way. The basic concepts of molecular recognition chemistry are included. Molecules with fascinating shapes and functions such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, rotaxane, and catenane, and molecular assemblies are also explained. Thereafter applications of supermolecules to nanotechnology are introduced with many examples of molecular devices. The last part of the book describes biological supermolecules and their mimics. Though simply explained undergraduate and graduate students in Chemistry will be able to use aspects of this work as an advanced textbook.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Photocatalysis: The Principles
• 3 Practical Aspects of Photocatalysis
• 4 Photocatalytic Oxidative C-C Bond Formation
• 5 Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
• 6 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
• 7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
• 8 Copper-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Mediated Organic Transformations
• 9 Gold in Photocatalysis
• 10 Palladium in Photocatalysis
• 11 Nickel in Photocatalysis
• 12 Acridinium Dyes and Quinones in Photocatalysis
• 13 Flavins in Photocatalysis
• 14 Organic Dyes in Photocatalytic Reductive C-H Arylations
• 15 Silicates in Photocatalysis
• 16 Photocatalytic Cycloadditions
• 17 Photocatalytic Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation
• 18 Photocatalytic Introduction of Fluorinated Groups
• 19 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis
• 20 Photocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of photocatalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade and it is time to clarify its impact on organic synthesis. This volume is an opportunity to provide the defining and current reference work for this field. A primary objective is to collect together the most useful, practical, and reliable methods for photocatalysis and to introduce them to a larger audience. The fundamental concepts of photophysics are introduduced and laboratory set-ups are described, enabling newcomers to the field to instantly apply these new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for comprehensive coverage, solutions for challenging transformations in synthesis applying visible light and suitable dyes are presented. A team of pioneers and leaders in the field has been assembled, who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Scope, limitations, and mechanism of the reactions are covered and key experimental procedures are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cyclocarposide C
• Thalictoside I
• Thalictoside II
• Squarroside B1 and Squarroside B2
• Cyclocephaloside II
• Cyclosieversioside D (astragaloside II, astrasieversianin VII)
• Isoastragaloside II (astrasieversianin VIII)
• Trojanoside A
• Aquilegioside F
• Cimiside C
• Cimiside D
• Acanthoside K2
• Macrophyllosaponin A
• Agroastragaloside II
• Cyclocanthoside B
• Cyclocanthoside C
• Cyclopassifloside III
• Cyclotricuspidoside A
• Cyclopassifloside V
• Cyclopassifloside IX
• Cyclopassifloside XI
• Cyclotricuspidoside B
• Cyclotricuspidoside C
• Astrasieversianin III
• Cyclosieversioside A (astrasieversianin II)
• Astraverrucin V
• Astraverrucin VI
• Cycloaraloside B
• Cyclocarposide A
• Cyclosieversioside B (astragaloside I, astasieversianin IV)
• Isoastragaloside I
• Agroastragaloside I
• Askendoside D
• Oleifolioside A
• Astrasieversianin I.

• 3β, 16β-Di-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-6α-hydroxy-9,19-cyclolanost-25-e n-24-one
• Aquilegioside G
• Acanthoside K₃
• Curculigosaponin G
• Depressoside E
• 3β, 16β-Di-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-6α-hydroxy-9,19-cyclolanost-24-e ne
• Askendoside A
• Astraverrucin IV
• Cycloaraloside D
• Curculigosaponin D
• Depressoside D
• Depressoside F
• Kahiricoside V
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-21,24-epoxy-3β, 25,26-triol-3-O-β-gentiobioside)
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-22,25-epoxy-3β, 21,22R-triol-3-O-β-gentiobioside)
• Thalicoside A
• Thalicoside A1
• Beesioside H
• Cycloaraloside E
• Cyclounifolioside B
• Thalicoside E
• Sieberoside II
• Thalicoside G₁
• Thalicoside G₂
• Thalicoside H₁
• Curculigosaponin L
• Macrophyllosaponin C
• Macrophyllosaponin E
• No Name (Cycloartane-3β, 16β, 20S, 24S, 25-pentol-3-O-[β-D-Glucopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside])
• Abrusoside B
• 23-O-Acetylshengmanol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1 -> 3)-β-Dxylopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -> 3)-β-Dxylopyranoside
• Cyclocarposide B.

• Argenteanone E
• Changnanic Acid
• 12β-Hydroxy-3-oxo-cycloart-1,24-dien-21-oic Acid
• Kadsudilactone
• Pseudolarolide A
• Shizanlactone E
• Uvariastrol
• Abrusogenin
• Genin of Cimicifugoside H-1 (cimicidanol)
• 12β, 24R-Dihydroxy-3-oxo-cycloart-1, 25 (26)-dien-21-oic Acid
• 3-Keto-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol
• Pseudolarolide D
• Genin of Bugbanoside A
• Quadrangularic Acid H
• 5α-Cycloart-24-ene-3,23-dione
• Cycloart-24-ene-3,23-dione
• (16S, 23R)-16,23-Epoxycycloart-24-en-3-one
• (16S, 23S)-16,23-Epoxycycloart-24-en-3-one
• (23R)- and (23S)-21,23-Epoxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-3-one (Mixture of the
• 23-Epimers in a 9:1 Ratio)
• 3-Oxo-5α-cycloart-24-en-21-al
• (24E)-3-Oxocycloart-24-en-26-al
• Schizandraflorin
• Tubiferaoctanolide
• Genin of Juncoside I
• Ganwuweizic Acid
• (23R)-3α-Hydroxy-9,19-cyclo-9β-lanost-24-en-23,26-olide
• Mangiferonic Acid
• 3-Oxo-cycloart-24-en-21-oic Acid
• Schizandronic Acid
• 25-Anhydrocimigenol
• Argenteanone A.

• 3β-Hydroxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-21-al
• 24(E)-3α- Hydroxycycloart-24-en-26-al
• 3α-Hydroxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-23-one
• 3β-Hydroxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-23-one
• 3β-Hydroxycycloart-24-en-23-one
• 16S-Hydroxycycloartenone
• 22R-Hydroxycycloartenone
• 24-Hydroxycycloart-25-en-3-one
• 25-Hydroxycycloart-23-en-3-one
• 23-Hydroxycycloart-24-en-3-one (Epimer 1)
• 23ξ-Hydroxycycloart-24-en-3-one (Epimer 2)
• Neriifolione
• Argenteanone C
• Desoxyprefruticin B
• Desoxyisofruticin B
• 22,25-Dihydroxycycloart-23E-en-3-one
• 16S, 22R-Dihydroxycycloartenone
• 16S, 23ξ-Dihydroxycycloartenone
• (21R, 24R)-21,25-Dihydroxy-21,24-cyclo-5α-cycloartan-3-one
• (21RS, 23R)-21, 23-Epoxy-5α-cycloart-24-ene-3β, 21-diol [Mixture of the 21-Epimers in a 3:2 Ratio (in CDCl3-CD3OD, 1:1)]
• 3β-Hydroxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-21-oic Acid
• (23R, 25R)-3α-Hydroxy-9, l9-cyclo-9β-lanostan-23,26-olide
• (23E)-25-Hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3-one
• Isomangiferolic Acid
• Mangiferolic Acid.

• 12β-Hydroxycimigenol
• 22-Hydroxycimigenol
• 12β, 21-Dihydroxycimigenol
• Cycloartan-3,29-diol-23-one 3,29-disodium sulfate
• Cycloart-25-en-3β-ol
• Cycloartenol
• Cyclopeltenol
• Isocycloartenol (β-Cycloorysterol)
• Cycloart-20-en-3β, 25-diol
• 5α-Cycloart-24-en-3β, 21-diol
• Cycloart-24-ene-3β, 26-diol
• Cycloart-22-ene-3α, 25-diol
• Cycloart-23-ene-3β, 25-diol
• Cycloart-23Z-ene-3β, 25-diol
• Sterculin A
• (22R)-Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 22-diol
• Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24ξ-diol
• (24R)-24,25-Epoxycycloartanol
• 24RS, 25-Epoxycycloartanol
• 16S-Hydroxycycloartenol
• 22R-Hydroxycycloartenol
• 29-Hydroxycycloartenol
• Lagerenol
• Argentatine D
• Argenteanol D
• 24RS-Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24,27-triol
• (24R)-Cycloartane-24,25-diol-3-one
• Cycloartane-3β, 29-diol-24-one
• 5α-Cycloart-24-ene-3β, 16β, 21-triol
• Cyclokirilodiol
• Genin of Quadranguloside
• 3β-Hydroxycycloart-25-ene-24-hydroperoxide
• 24-Hydroperoxycycloart-25-en-3β-ol
• Isocyclokirilodiol
• (23R)-5α-Cycloart-24-ene-3β, 21,23-triol.

• 25-Hydroxycycloartanol
• (24R)-Cycloartane-3α, 24,25-triol
• 24RS-Cycloartane-3β, 24,25-triol
• (24R)-Cycloartane-3β, 24,25,29-tetrol
• Cyclofoetigenin A
• Curculigenin B
• Cycloasgenin C
• Cyclocanthogenin
• Cyclofoetigenin B
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-3β, 16β, 20,24S, 25-pentol)
• Cycloorbigenin C
• Coronalolide Methyl Ester
• Tubiferolide Methyl Ester
• Methyl Quadrangularate N
• Ambonic Acid
• Cyclograndisolide
• Epicyclograndisolide
• Abietospiran
• Dehydroxy-15-O-methylcimigenol
• 16β, 23R; 24S, 25-Diepoxy-23-methoxy-cycloartan-3-one
• Methyl (24E)-26-carboxy-3,4-seco-cycloartα-4(29), 24-dien-3-oate
• Methyl 3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28), 24-diene-29-hydroxy-23-oxo-3-oate
• Quadrangularic Acid E
• 3,4-Seco-(24Z)-cycloart-4(29), 24-diene-3,26-dioic Acid 3-Methyl Ester
• 3,4-Seco-(24Z)-cycloart-4(29), 24-diene-3,26-dioic Acid, 26-Methyl Ester
• Jessic Acid
• Methylquadrangularate O
• Pseudolarolide C
• (20ξ)-lα, 3β, 25-Trihydroxycycloart-2l- al-23-ene-29-oic Acid
• 24-Epiquadrangularic Acid G
• Methylquadrangularate B
• Quadrangularic Acid G.

• 24-Methylenecycloartan-3β, 21-diol
• 24-Methylenecycloartane-3β, 22-diol
• 24-Methylenecycloartane-3,26-diol
• Cyclomahogenol
• Sericeol
• Lithocarpdiol
• Methyl 24-hydroxy-3,4-seco-cycloart-25-en-3-oate
• Methyl (24E)-25-hydroxy-3,4-seco-cycloart-23-en-3-oate
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-3β-methoxy-23-ene-25,26-diol)
• 25,26,27-Trisnor-3β-acetoxy-24-dimethoxycycloartane
• Cyclopassifloic Acid B
• Cyclotricuspidogenin A
• Cyclopassifloic Acid A
• Cyclopassifloic Acid C
• Cyclopassifloic Acid F
• Cyclopassifloic Acid G
• Cyclotricuspidogenin B
• Cyclotricuspidogenin C
• Cyclopassifloic Acid E
• 21-Acetoxy-3-oxo-cycloart-1,11,24-triene
• 26-Deoxycimicifugenin
• Cimicifugenin
• (23R)-3α-Acetoxy-9β, 19-cyclolanost-24-en-23,26-olide
• (23S, 25R)-3α-Acetoxy-17,23-epoxy-9,19-cyclo-9β-lanostan-23,26-olide
• Methyl Jessate 1α, 11α-Oxide
• 25-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol
• 23-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydroshengmanol
• 23-epi-26-Deoxyacetylacteol
• Acetylacteol
• 3β-Acetoxycycloart-25-en-24-one
• Argenteanone D.

• 24-epi-24-O-Acetylhydroshengmanol
• Genin of Beesioside III
• Passifloric Acid Methyl Ester
• 24-epi-7β-Hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol
• 26,26-Dimethylcycloart-25-ene-3β-ol
• 24R-Cyclomargenol
• 24(E)-Ethylidenecycloartan-3α-ol
• Cycloneolitsol
• Polysthicol
• Triphyllol
• Methyl (23E)-25-methoxy-3,4-seco-cycloart-23-en-3-oate
• 24R-Acetoxy-3β, 25-dihydroxycycloartane
• 24,24-Dimethyl-9,19-cyclolanostan-3β-ol
• 24-Methyl-24-methoxycycloartanol
• 25-Ethoxycycloartanol
• Methyl Coronalolate Acetate
• 1-O-Acetyl-23-deoxojessic Acid
• 3β-Acetoxy-24S-methyl-9β, 19-cyclolanost-25-ene
• 24R-Cyclolaudenyl Acetate
• 3β-Acetoxy-25-methoxycycloart-23-ene
• 25-O-Methyl-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol
• 25-O-Methyl-1α-hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol
• 25-O-Methyl-7β-hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol
• Cycloneolitsin
• 23S-Ethyl-24-methylenecycloartanol
• 24R, 25-Isopropylidenedioxy-9, l9-cyclolanostan-3β-ol
• Genin of Beesioside I
• 24RS-Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24-diol Diacetate
• Genin of Beesioside II.

• 30-Nor-cycloartenol
• 30-Norcycloartanone
• Norcycloartene 3a
• 24RS, 25-Epoxy-30-norcycloartenol
• 30-Nor-cycloartan-23-ene-3β, 25-diol
• 24ξ, 25-Epoxy-30-nor-cycloartan-3β-ol
• 3β-Hydroxy-30-nor-cycloartan-24-one
• Argenteanol B
• 31-Norcycloartanol
• 4α, 14-Dimethyl-9,19-cyclocholestan-3β, 24ξ-diol
• 4α, 14-Dimethyl-9,19-cyclocholestan-3β, 24ξ, 25-triol
• 4-Epicycloeucalenone
• 4-Epicyclomusalenone
• 30-Norpterospermone
• 4α, 14α, 24ξ-Trimethyl-9,19-cyclocholestan-20-en-3-one
• Norquadrangularic Acid B
• Cycloeucalenol
• Cycloeuphordenol
• 3-Epicycloeucalenol
• 3-Epicyclomusalenol
• Norcycloartane 2
• 31-Norcyclolaudenone
• 30-Norcyclopterospermol
• 31-Norcycloswietenol
• 31-Nor-20-methylene-22-methyl-9,19-cycloartane-2α, 3β-diol
• Cymbidosone
• Norquadrangularic Acid C
• 31-Norcyclolaudenol
• Cyclonervilol
• Cyclofuntumienol
• Cyclopholidonol.

• Cimiracemoside I
• Cimicifugoside H-1
• Cimicidanol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside
• Bugbanoside A
• Cimicifugoside H-5
• 25-Anhydrocimigenol Arabinoside
• 25-Anhydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xyloside
• Cimiside E
• Cimiaceroside A
• 7,8-Didehydrocimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 7,8-Didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 24-epi-7,8-Didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside
• 6-O-β-D-Xylopyranosyl Cycloadsurgenin
• Bugbanoside B
• Bugbanoside F
• Cimicifugoside H-2 (Cimicidol 3-O-β-D-xyloside)
• No Name (C₃₅H₅₄O₁₀)
• 15α-Hydroxycimicidol-3-O-β-D-xyloside
• Mollic Acid 3-O-α-L-Arabinoside
• Mollic Acid Xyloside
• Cimigenol 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranoside
• Cimigenol 3-O-β-D-Xylopyranoside
• Cimiaceroside B
• Cimiracemoside C
• Cimigol Xyloside
• Cycloalpioside A
• Cycloalpioside
• Cycloorbicoside A
• Shengmanol Xyloside
• Tomentoside I
• 22-Hydroxycimigenol Xyloside
• Cimiracemoside A
• Cimiracemoside B
• Cycloorbicoside B
• 1α-Hydroxycimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 1α-Hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside.

• Brachyoside B
• Cycloaraloside A
• Huangqiyenin B
• Astraverrucin I (See Cycloaraloside A)
• Sieberoside I
• Alexsandroside I
• Cyclounifolioside C
• Bugbanoside E
• Cimicifol
• 26-Deoxycimicifugoside
• Bugbanoside D
• Cimicifugoside
• Cimiracemoside P
• 23-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydroshengmanol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 23-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 3'-O-Acetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside
• Cimiracemoside J
• Cimiracemoside K
• 23-epi-26-Deoxyactein (27-Deoxyactein)
• 26-Deoxyactein
• Cimiracemoside N
• Actaeaepoxide 3-O-β-D-Xylopyranoside
• Actein
• Acetylacteol-3-O-α-L-arabinoside
• Cimiracemoside G
• Cimiracemoside F
• Bugbanoside C
• No Name (C₃₇H₅₆O₁₂)
• 25-O-Acetylcimigenoside
• 23-O-Acetylshengmanol 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranoside.

• Cycloexoside B
• Cyclogaleginoside A
• 25-O-Methylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• Squarroside A1 and Squarroside A2
• 24-O-Acetylhydroshengmanol Xyloside
• Beesioside D
• Beesioside III
• 24-epi-7β-Hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-Dxylopyra noside.
• Passiflorine
• Dasyanthoside A
• Cycloswietenol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-6α-acetoxy-16β, 24R, 25-triol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside)
• Cyclopassifloside II
• Cyclopassifloside I
• Cyclopassifloside IV
• Cyclopassifloside VIII
• Cyclopassifloside X
• Cyclopassifloside VII
• 23-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• 20-O-Malonylcimiaceroside B
• 25-O-Acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetylcimigenol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
• 24-O-Acetyl-25-O-methyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-β-Dx ylopyranoside
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-β-Dgalact opyranoside
• Depressoside B
• Kahiricoside III
• Kahiricoside IV
• Astraverrucin II
• Astraverrucin III
• Liofolic Acid.

• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-16β, 24S, 25,30-tetrol-3-O-[β-DXylopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-xylopyranoside])
• 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranosylcimigenol-15-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
• Mussaendoside B
• Aquilegioside B
• Cycloorbicoside C
• Cycloorbicoside G
• Tomentoside IV
• Quisvaloside B
• Astrachrysoside A
• Curculigosaponin C
• Cyclocarposide
• Prusianoside B
• Thalicoside A2
• Thalicoside A3
• Astragaloside III
• Cyclocephaloside I
• Cyclosieversioside F (astragaloside IV, astrasieversianin XIV, astramembranin I)
• Isoastragaloside IV
• Cycloaraloside C(astrailienin A)
• Cyclogaleginoside E
• No Name (20R, 25-Epoxycycloartane-3β, 6α, 16β, 24S-tetrol-3-O-β-Dxylopyranoside, 24-O-β-D-glucopyranoside)
• Macrophyllosaponin B
• Cyclocanthoside D
• Cyclocanthoside E
• Cyclopycanthoside
• Abrusoside D
• Abrusoside E
• Abrusoside C
• Mussaendoside A
• Depressoside C
• 6-Oxocycloartan-3β, 16β-di-O-glucoside
• Astrasieversianin V
• Cyclosieversioside C (astrasieversianin VI)
• Squarroside B3
• Squarroside B4.

• Cyclofoetoside B
• Trojanoside C
• Brachyoside C
• Cyclocanthoside G
• Kahiricoside I
• Mussaendoside D
• Juncoside I
• Astrasieversianin IX
• Astrasieversianin XI
• Thalictoside V
• Squarroside C
• Aquilegioside H
• Thalictoside A
• Squarroside I
• Curculigosaponin I
• Curculigosaponin F
• Thalicoside C
• Curculigosaponin K
• No Name (Cycloartane-3β, 16β, 20S, 24S, 25-pentol-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranoside], 25-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside)
• Trojanoside D
• Thalictoside III
• Thalictoside IV
• Astrasieversianin XII
• Astrasieversianin XIII
• Asernestioside B
• Asernestioside C
• Thalictoside XII
• Thalictoside XIII
• Agroastragaloside IV
• Aquilegioside C
• Aquilegioside D
• Aquilegioside E
• Trojanoside J.

• Thalifoenoside A
• Agroastragaloside III
• No Name (3,16,24,25-Tetrahydroxycycloartan-28-oic acid; (3β, 16β, 24ξ)-form, 3,24-Di-Ac, 28-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)-[β-D-xylofuranosyl-(1->6)]-β -D-glucopyranosyl] ester)
• Trojanoside F
• Curculigosaponin J
• Curculigosaponin M
• Trojanoside E
• Mussaendoside E
• Juncoside II
• Juncoside III
• Juncoside IV
• Thalictoside C
• Quadranguloside
• No Name (C₅₇H₈₄O₂₂)
• Mussaendoside M
• Thalictoside IX
• Juncoside V
• Mussaendoside H
• Thalictoside D
• Mussaendoside N
• Thalictoside F
• Thalictoside E
• Mussaendoside G
• No Name (Heinsiagenin A-3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->6)-[α -L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1->2)]-β-Dglucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-glucop yranoside])
• Mussaendoside U
• 4-Monomethylcycloartane Glycosides 3-O-β-D-Glucopyranosylcycloeucalenol
• 3β-D-Glucopyranoside of 31-norcycloswietenol
• Cymbidoside.

• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-20,25-epoxy, 24S-acetoxy-6α, 16β-diol-3-O[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1->2)-6-O-acetyl-β-D-Glucopy ranoside])
• Cyclosieversioside G (astrasieversianin XV)
• Trojanoside B
• Trojanoside H
• No Name (20S, 24R-Epoxycycloartane-3β, 6α, 16β, 25-tetrol-3-O-[-DGlucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-xylopyranoside], 6-O-β-D-xylopyranoside)
• Macrophyllosaponin D
• Askendoside F
• Askendoside G
• Brachyoside A
• Cephalotoside A
• Oleifolioside B
• Mussaendoside C
• Acetylastragaloside I
• Trojanoside I
• Aquilegioside I
• Aquilegioside J
• Aquilegioside A
• Askendoside B
• No Name (16,23; 22,25-diepoxycycloartan-23R, 24R-diol-3-O-[-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->2 )-β-D-xylopyranoside])
• Curculigosaponin H
• Asernestioside A
• Curculigosaponin E
• Cyclosieversioside H (astrasieversianin XVI)
• Astragaloside VI
• Astragaloside VII
• Astragaloside V
• Cyclotrisectoside
• Trojanoside K
• Cycloaraloside F
• Cyclocanthoside F
• Cyclofoetoside A.

• 25-O-Methyl-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• Mongholicoside II
• Huangqiyenin D
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• 25-O-Methyl-1α-hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-Dxyl opyranoside
• 25-O-Methyl-7β-hydroxy-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-O-β-Dxyl opyranoside
• Cyclounifolioside D
• 20-O-Acetyl-27-deoxyactein
• 20,40-O-Diacetyl-24-epi-7,8-didehydrocimigenol-3-xyloside
• 20-O-Acetylactein
• Cimiracemoside O
• Tomentoside III
• Cimiracemoside L
• Cimiracemoside M
• Soulieoside A
• Soulieoside B
• Beesioside I
• Cycloexoside
• Beesioside II
• Beesioside J
• 20-O-Malonylcimicifugoside
• 23-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-(2-O-malonyl)-xyl opyranoside
• 23-O-Acetylshengmanol-3-O-β-D-(2-O-malonyl)-xylopyranoside
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-(2-O- malonyl)-xylopyranoside
• Cyclounifolioside A
• Cyclodisectoside
• Cyclosieversioside E (astrasieversianin X)
• Askendoside C.

• 25-O-Acetylcimigenol 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranoside
• Acetyl Shengmanol Xyloside
• Beesioside L
• Cimiracemoside E
• Soulieoside C
• (22R, 23R, 24R)-12β-Acetyloxy-16β, 23; 22,25-diepoxy-23,24-dihydroxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-3β-yl-α-L-ara binopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetyl-12β-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 25-O-Acetyl-7β-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 23-O-Acetyl-1α-hydroxyshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-α-Larabinopyrano side
• 24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranosi de
• Cimiracemoside D
• Cimiracemoside H
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-α-Larabin opyranoside
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylop yranoside.
• 7,8-Didehydro-24-O-acetylhydroshengmanol-3-xyloside
• 25-O-Acetyl-1α-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• Beesioside IV
• Beesioside K
• 7β-Hydroxy-23-O-acetylshengmanol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• Beesioside F
• Beesioside M.

• 7β-Hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 12β-Hydroxycimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 12β-Hydroxycimigenol-3-O-β-D-xylopyranoside
• 12β, 21-Dihydroxycimigenol 3-O-α-L-Arabinopyranoside
• Curculigosaponin B
• Beesioside A
• Cycloalpioside B
• Cycloalpioside C
• Cycloalpioside D
• Cyclogaleginoside B
• Cyclosieversigenin 3-O-β-D-Xylopyranoside (astramembranin II)
• Trigonoside I
• Beesioside B
• Beesioside C
• Beesioside E
• Beesioside N
• Cyclocanthoside A
• Cycloorbicoside D
• Abrusoside A
• Jessic Acid α-L-Arabinopyranoside
• 7,8-Didehydrocimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• 6-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl Cycloadsurgenin
• 25-O-Methylcimigenol-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• Mollic Acid 3-β-D-Glucoside
• 25-O-Methylcimigenoside
• Cimigenol-3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• Huangqiyenin A
• Cyclopassifloside VI
• 1α-Hydroxycimigenol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside
• Curculigosaponin A
• Depressoside A
• Kahiricoside II
• Mongholicoside I
• Beesioside G.

• Cyclotrichosantol
• 4β-Desmethyl-24,24-dimethyl-9,19-cyclolanost-20(21)-en-3β-ol
• Norcycloartane 3
• 4α, 14α, 24ξ-Trimethyl-9β, 19-cyclo-5α-cholest-24-en-3β-yl Acetate
• Cyclohomonervilol
• Uniflorin
• 4,4-Desmethylcycloartane Triterpenoids
• Pollinastanol
• Cyclostenol
• 24-Methylenepollinastanone
• 29-Norcyclomusalenone
• 14α-Methyl-9β, 19-cyclo-5α-ergost-25-en-3β-ol
• 24-Methylenepollinastanol
• Roxburghiadiol A
• Roxburghiadiol B
• Surianol
• 24-Methyl pollinastanol
• Cyclootochilone (Cyclopholidone)
• Dasyanthoside B
• Cimifugoside H-3
• Cimifugoside H-4 (Foetidinol-3-O-β-D-xyloside)
• Cimifugoside H-6 (15α-Hydroxyfoetidinol-3-O-β-D-xyloside)
• Cimilactone B
• Cimilactone A
• Tomentoside II
• Deacetyltomentoside I
• 16α, 24α-Dihydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-16,24-cyclocycloarta n- 23-one-3β-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside
• 24-Hydroxy-12β-acetoxy-25,26,27-trinor-cycloartan-16,23-dione -3β-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside.

• 3β-Acetoxy-24S-ethyl-9β, 19-cyclolanost-25-ene
• 24R-Cyclomargenyl Acetate
• Cycloneolitsol Acetate
• 24Z-Ethylidenecycloartanol Acetate
• 24-Methylene-25-methylcycloartanyl Acetate
• 23ξ-Isopropyl-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3β-ol
• 3β-Methoxy-23S-ethyl-24-methylenecycloartan
• Skimmiwallin
• Skimmiwallinin
• Cyclopodmenyl Acetate
• 23S-Ethyl-24-methylenecycloartan-3β-yl Acetate
• Skimmiwallichin
• Cycloartan-3-yl2-methyl Butanoate
• Heinsiagenin A
• 23ξ-Isopropyl-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3β-yl Acetate
• 3-O-Tigloyl-24-methylcycloartanol
• Cycloartenyl Cinnamate
• Arundinol
• 24-Methylene-cycloartanyl p-hydroxycinnamate
• Oryzanol A
• Pholidotanin
• Pholidotin
• Cycloart-23Z-ene-3β, 25-diol-3β-trans-ferulate
• (24R)-Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24-diol-3β-trans-ferulate
• (24S)-Cycloart-25-ene-3β, 24-diol-3β-trans-ferulate
• Oryzanol C
• Mogroester
• Cycloartenyl Palmitate
• 4-Monomethylcycloartane Triterpenoids
• Norcycloartene 1
• 30-Nor-9,19-cyclolanost-24-ene-3,23-dione
• Norcycloartene 2
• 24-Oxo-30-norcycloartanone.

• (23S, 25R)-3α-Acetoxy-9β, 19-cyclolanostan-23,26-olide
• 3β-O-Acetyl-mangiferolic Acid
• Dimethyl 3,4-seco-cycloart-4(29), 24E-diene-3,26-dioate
• Methylquadrangularate D
• Methyl Jessate
• 25-O-Acetylcimigenol
• Acetyl Shengmanol
• Methylquadrangularate C
• Methyl 24-epiquadrangularate C
• 25-O-Acetyl-1α-hydroxycimigenol
• 25-O-Acetyl-7β-hydroxycimigenol
• 23-O-Acetyl-1α-hydroxyshengmanol
• 24-epi-24-O-Acetyl-7,8-didehydrohydroshengmanol
• Genin of Beesioside IV
• 7β-Hydroxy-23-O-acetylshengmanol
• Cyclobalanone
• 24R-Cyclomargenone
• 24(E)-Ethylidenecycloartanone
• Cycloartenyl Acetate
• Cyclopeltenyl Acetate
• Isocycloartenyl Acetate
• (23Z)-3β-Acetoxycycloart-23-en-25-ol
• 1α-Acetoxy-9,19-cyclolanost-24-en-3β-ol
• 3-O-Acetylcycloart-23-en-25-ol
• (24RS)-3β-Acetoxycycloart-25-en-24-ol
• Lagerenyl Acetate
• 3α-Acetoxy-9,19-cyclolanostan-21-oic Acid
• 1α, 3β-Dihydroxy-24-methylenecycloartan-29-oic Acid Methyl Ester
• Methyl Quadrangularate P
• 24-O-Acetylhydroshengmanol.

• Quadrangularic Acid F
• 24-Methylene Cycloartanone
• 24R-Cyclolaudenone
• Cycloeuphornol
• Cycloarten-3β-hydroxy-24-methyl-26-al
• 24-Methylene-3,4-seco-cycloart-4(28)-en-3-oic Acid
• (23E)-25-Methoxycycloart-23-en-3-one
• 24-Methylene-26-hydroxycycloartan-3-one
• 25R-3-Oxo-24-methylenecycloartan-26-ol
• Ambolic Acid
• Heynic Acid
• Lithocarpolone
• (23R, 25R)-3α-Methoxy-9β, 19-cyclolanostan-23,26-olide
• 3β, 21,22,23-Tetrahydroxycycloart-24(31), 25(26)-diene
• 23-Deoxojessic Acid
• 1α, 3β-Dihydroxy-24-methylenecycloartan-29-oic Acid
• Methyl Quadrangularate A
• 7β, 16β-Dihydroxy-1,23-dideoxyjessic Acid
• 7β-Hydroxy-23-deoxojessic Acid
• 25-O-Methylisodahurinol
• 15-O-Methylcimigenol
• 25-O-Methylcimigenol
• Quadrangularic Acid J
• Squarrogenin 1
• Squarrogenin 2
• Methyl Quadrangularate I
• Cycloartenol Methyl Ether
• Cyclobranol
• Cyclolaudenol
• 3-epi-Cyclolaudenol
• Cyclopterospermol
• Cyclosadol
• Cycloswietenol
• Cyclotirucanenol
• 24-Methylenecycloartanol
• Curculigol.

• (21R, 24R)-21,24-Cyclo-5α-cycloartane-3β, 21,25-triol
• Cycloclarkeanol
• Curculigenin C
• 16S, 22R-Dihydrocycloartenol
• Genipatriol
• 25-Hydroperoxycycloart-23-en-3β-ol
• Thalictogenin a
• Argentatine C
• Argenteanol
• Argenteanol E
• Curculigenin A
• Depressogenin
• Genin of Mongholicoside I
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-21,24-epoxy-3β, 25,26-triol)
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-22,25-epoxy-3β, 21,22R-triol)
• Quadrangularol A
• Quisquagenin
• Thalicogenin
• Thalicogenin A1
• Cycloalpigenin B
• Cycloalpigenin C
• Cycloalpigenin D
• (23ξ, 24ξ)-Cycloartan-3-one-16β, 23,24,25-tetrol
• Cyclocephalogenin
• 3-Dehydrocycloasgenin C
• Genin of Mongholicoside II
• Huangqiyegenin II
• Cyclogalegigenin
• Cyclosieversigenin (Cycloastragenol, Astramembrangenin)
• Protolyofoligenic Acid
• Cycloasgenin B
• 24-Epiquadrangularic Acid L
• 20S, 24R-Epoxycycloartane-3β, 15α, 16β, 18,25-pentaol
• No Name (9,19-Cyclolanostan-3β, 16β, 24R, 25-tetrol-30-oic acid)
• Quadrangularic Acid L
• Cycloartan-3,23,29-triol 3,29-disodium sulfate
• Cycloartan-30-ol
• Cycloartane-3β, 30-diol
• 3β, 21-Dihydroxycycloartane.

• 3-Keto-9,19-cyclolanostan-21-oic Acid
• Schizandrolic Acid
• Argentatine B
• Argentatine A
• Argenteanone B
• Argenteanol C
• 23-Epimeric 3β, 23-Dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oic Acid
• Dihydrocycloorbigenin A
• A Mixture of 3β, 22ξ-Dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic Acid and 3β, 23ξ-Dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic Acid
• 3α, 22ξ-Dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic Acid
• 3α, 27-Dihydroxycycloart-24E-en-26-oic Acid
• 3β, 23(R or S)-Dihydroxycycloart-24-en-26-oic Acid
• (l6S, 23S, 24R)- or (16S, 23R, 24S)-23,24-Epoxycycloartan-3-one-16,25- diol
• Fruticin B
• 27-Hydroxymangiferolic Acid
• Mollic Acid
• Quadrangularol B
• Aglycone A
• Ananasic Acid
• Cimigenol
• Cimigol
• Cycloalpigenin
• Cycloalpigenin A
• Cycloorbigenin
• Cyclopycanthogenin
• Dahurinol
• Isodahurinol
• 24-Epiquadrangularic Acid M
• Genin of Cimiaceroside B
• Huangqiyegenin I
• l5α-Hydroxymollic Acid
• l6α-Hydroxymollic Acid
• Quadrangularic Acid K
• Quadrangularic Acid M
• Cycloasalgenin
• Shengmanol
• Cycloasgenin A
• Cycloorbigenin B
• Cyclopassifloic Acid D
• lα-Hydroxycimigenol
• 7β-Hydroxycimigenol.

• Coronalolic Acid
• Cycloorbigenin A
• Dehydroxydahurinol
• Desmethylabietospiran
• 16β, 23; 24S, 25-Diepoxycycloartan-3-on-23-ol (23-Epimers)
• (16S, 23R)-16,23-Epoxy-23,25-epidioxycycloartan-3-one
• Gardenolic Acid A
• Hydroxymangiferonic Acid
• 29-Hydroxymangiferonic Acid
• Nigranoic Acid
• Cycloadsurgenin
• 7, 8-Didehydrocimigenol
• 24-epi-7, 8-Didehydrocimigenol
• Gardenolic Acid B
• Genin of Cimiaceroside A
• Acteol
• Genin of Bugbanoside B
• Genin of Cimicifugoside H-2
• Cycloart-24-en-3,29-diol-23-one 3,29-disodium sulfate
• Cimicifugenol
• Cycloartenone
• Cycloartα-16,24-dien-3β-ol
• Cycloartα-23,25-dien-3-one
• Cyclonivuliaol
• (16S, 23R)-16,23-Epoxycycloart-24-en-3β-ol
• (16S, 23S)-16,23-Epoxycycloart-24-en-3β-ol
• 9,19-Cyclolanostane-3,24-dione
• Desmosinol
• (24R)-24,25-Epoxycycloartan-3-one
• (23S)-21,23-Epoxy -5α-cycloart-24-en-3α-ol
• (23R)-and (23S)-21,23-Epoxy-5α-cycloart-24-en-3β-ol (Mixture of the 23-Epimers in a 4:1 Ratio).

• Cycloartane Triterpenoids
• (
• )
• Buxatenone
• 11 α
• Hydroxybuxatenone
• Buxapapillosin
• 16S-Hydroxy-22-nor-cycloartane-3, 20-dione
• (16S)-23,24,25,26,27-Pentanor-cycloartan-3-one-16,22-olide
• 24-Nor-cycloartan-3-on-16β, 23-olide
• 24, 25, 26, 27-Tetranor-3-oxo-cycloartan-23-al
• (20R)-3β -Hydroxy-24,25,26,27-tetranor-5α-cycloartan-23,21-olide
• Dasyanthogenin
• (22E)-25,26,27-Trisnor-3-oxocycloart-22-en-24-al
• Foetidinol
• Genin of Cimicifugoside H-3
• (22E)-25,26,27-Trinor-3β-hydroxycycloart-22-en-24-al
• 25,26,27-Trisnor-3-oxo-cycloartan-24-al
• Norquadrangularic Acid A
• 25,26,27-Trisnor-24-hydroxycycloartan-3-one
• Wrightial
• 3β-Hydroxy-26-nor-9, 19-cyclolanost-23-en-25-one
• 27-Nor-cycloartane-3,25-dione
• 25-Nor-cycloartanoloic Acid Acetate
• 27-Nor-3β-hydroxy-25-oxocycloartane
• Pistacigerrimone F
• 3-Oxo-cycloartα-1,11,24-trien-23, 21-olide
• 3-Oxo-cycloartα-1,11,25(26)-trien-24(R), 21-olide
• Erythrophyllic Acid
• 24R-Hydroxy-3-oxo-cycloartα-1,11,25 (26)-trien-21-oic Acid
• Pseudolarolide B
• Schizanlactone B
• Coronalolide
• Kadsulactone A
• 5α-Cycloart-24-ene-3,16,23-trione
• Kadsulactone.

'Natural Compounds: Plant Sources, Structure and Properties' details the properties of over 7,500 chemical compounds of pharmacological interest found in plants. Each volume systematically covers occurrence of the compounds in plants, illustrations of chemical structures plus physical-chemical, spectral, and pharmacological data. Entries are indexed by plant name, subject, and pharmacological property. This provides unique coverage of information on compounds isolated from some 3,000 plants, including many from central Asia and Russia, that are not well known elsewhere. The entries for each compound share a similar format. The entries are preceded by tabulated information on the occurrence of the compounds in plants etc. The highly experienced team of compilers from the renowned Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances in Tashkent have expertly assessed the international literature and include data only when confident of its validity, e.g. excluding data where measurement processes cause degradation of the original compound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1. Occurrence of Triterpene Glycosides in Plant Species
• Family Amaranthaceae
• Family Apocynaceae
• Family Aquifoliaceae
• Family Araliaceae
• Family Asclepiadaceae
• Family Asteraceae
• Family Basellaceae
• Family Berberidaceae
• Family Boraginaceae
• Family Buddlejaceae
• Family Campanulaceae
• Family Caprifoliaceae
• Family Caryophyllaceae
• Family Chenopodiaceae
• Family Combretaceae
• Family Cucurbitaceae
• Family Dipsacaceae
• Family Eupteleaceae
• Family Hippocastanaceae
• Family Iridaceae
• Family Labiatae
• Family Lardizabalaceae
• Family Leguminosae
• Family Molluginaceae
• Family Polygalaceae
• Family Portulacaceae
• Family Primulaceae
• Family Ranunculaceae
• Family Rubiaceae
• Family Sapindaceae
• Family Scrophulariaceae
• Family Theaceae
• Family Tiliaceae
• Family Umbelliferae
• Family Valerianaceae
• Family Zygophyllaceae
• Physico-chemical and Pharmacological Properties of Triterpene
• Glycosides
• Glycosides of Aglycones of Oleanene Type
• Glycosides of Oleanolic Acid.

• Achyranthoside C
• Achyranthoside D
• Acutoside B
• Acutoside D
• Acutoside E
• Acutoside F
• Acutoside G
• Acutoside H
• Acutoside I
• Akeboside STJ
• Albizziatrioside A
• Androseptoside C
• Androseptoside C₁
• Anhuienoside C
• Anhuienoside D
• Anhuienoside E
• Anhuienoside F
• Araloside A (Saponin B, Chikusetsusaponin IV)
• Araloside B
• Araloside C
• Betavulgaroside I
• Betavulgaroside II
• Betavulgaroside III
• Betavulgaroside IV
• Betavulgaroside V
• Betavulgaroside IX
• Bidentatoside I
• Bidentatoside II
• Calenduloside A
• Calenduloside B
• Calenduloside C
• Calenduloside D
• Calenduloside G
• Calenduloside H (Saponoside C)
• Calliandra Saponin J
• Calliandra Saponin L
• Calliandra Saponin N
• Calliandra Saponin O
• Chikusetsusaponin Ib
• Chikusetsusaponin IVa (Calenduloside F, Momordin IIb)
• Chikusetsusaponin V
• Chikusetsusaponin V Methyl Ester
• Ciwujianoside C₃
• Ciwujianoside C₄
• Clemastanoside A
• Clemastanoside B
• Clemastanoside C
• Clematernoside A
• Clematernoside B.

• Glycoside IV
• Glycoside V (Guaiacin B)
• Glycoside 9
• Glycoside L-B₁
• Glycoside L-E₁
• Glycoside L-K₁
• Glycoside L-8a
• Glycoside ST-C₂
• Glycoside ST-E₂
• Glycoside ST-F₂ from Hedera taurica
• Glycoside ST-H₂
• Glycoside ST-I₃
• Glycoside ST-I₄a
• Glycoside ST-J
• Glycoside ST-J₂
• Glycoside ST-K₁
• Goyasaponin III
• Guaiacin F (Compound 2)
• Hederacolchiside A'
• Hederacolchiside E
• Hederoside A₂ (Androseptoside A, Gleditshioside A, Vitalboside A)
• Hederoside E₂
• Hederoside H₂
• Hemsloside G1
• Hemsloside G2
• Hemsloside H₁
• Hemsloside MaI
• Hemsloside Ma2 (Momordin IIe)
• Hemsloside Ma3
• Hishoushi Saponin A
• Huzhangoside B
• Huzhangoside C
• Hypoleucoside B
• Indicasaponin B
• Kalopanax Saponin D
• Kalopanax Saponin E (Spinasaponin A)
• Kalopanax Saponin F
• Lablaboside A
• Ladyginoside A
• Ladyginoside C
• Lotoidoside D
• Ladyginoside E
• Momordin IId
• Momordin IIc (Quinoside D)
• Patrinia-Glycoside B-II
• Pseudoginsenoside RP₁
• Quinoa-Saponin 7
• Raddeanoside R
• Rotundioside B
• Rotundioside C.

• Salsoloside C
• Saponin 2
• Saponin 2 from Aralia elata
• Saponin 3 from Fagonia cretica
• Saponin V
• Scaberoside B₁
• Scaberoside B₂
• Scaberoside B₃(Auriculatusaponin D)
• Scaberoside B₄
• Scaberoside B₅
• Scaberoside B₆
• Silphioside A
• Silphioside B (Lucyoside H)
• Silphioside C
• Silphioside E
• Songoroside A
• Songoroside C
• Songoroside G
• Songoroside I
• Songoroside M
• Songoroside O
• Squarroside II
• Squarroside III
• Squarroside IV
• Spinacoside C
• Talicoside B
• Talicoside D
• Tauroside I
• Triacanthoside C
• Udosaponin A
• Udosaponin C
• Glycosides of Hederagenin
• Akeboside Std (Cauloside C₁, Caltoside D, Caulosaponin B,
• Tauroside D₂, Akebia-Saponin C)
• Basellasaponin A
• Betavulgaroside VI
• Betavulgaroside VII
• Cauloside A (Koelreuterii-Saponin A, Tauroside B)
• Cauloside D (Glycoside G, Kizutasaponin 10)
• Cauloside G (Glycoside M)
• Clemastanoside D
• Clemastanoside E
• Clemastanoside F
• Clemastanoside G
• Clematernoside C
• Clematernoside D
• Clematibetoside A.

• Clematibetoside C
• Clematoside S
• Colchiside A
• Compound 9
• Congmuyenoside B
• Copteroside C
• Copteroside D
• Copteroside F
• Elatoside J (Congmuyenoside A)
• Fargoside E
• Giganteoside E
• Giganteoside H
• Glycoside 4
• Glycoside 6
• Glycoside 7
• Glycoside A
• Glycoside D₂
• Glycoside E
• Glycoside F
• Glycoside H
• Glycoside K
• Glycoside L-G₄4
• Glycoside L-I₁
• Glycoside ST-D₂ from Hedera taurica
• Glycoside ST-F₁
• Glycoside ST-G₀-₂
• Glycoside ST-I₅
• Glycoside STK (Akeboside STK)
• Glycoside ST-K
• Hederacolchiside F (Saponin III)
• Hederoside A1
• Hederoside B
• Hederoside C (Cauloside B, Sapindoside A, Dipsacoside A, Glycoside
• L-E₁, Saponin K6, Saponin PD)
• Hederoside D1
• Hederoside F
• Hederoside H (Hederasaponin C, Kizutasaponin K₁₂, Akeboside STH,
• Kalopanax Saponin B, Pericarpsaponin Pk)
• Hederoside I
• Hishoushi Saponin Ee
• HN-Saponin F
• Huzhangoside D
• Ilexoside XLVIII (Quinoa-Saponin 9)
• Ilexoside XLIX (Udosaponin F)
• Kalopanax Saponin C.

• Kalopanax Saponin G (Cussonoside A, NH-Saponin H, Pulsatiloside C)
• Kalopanax Saponin JLa
• Kalopanax Saponin JLb
• Kizuta-Saponin K
• Kizuta-Saponin K₁₁
• Leontoside B
• Leontoside C
• Leontoside D
• Leontoside E
• Medicoside C
• Medicoside E
• Medicoside F
• Medicoside I
• Mukurozi-Saponin E₁
• Mukurozi-Saponin G
• Mukurozi-Saponin Y₁
• Mukurozi-Saponin Y₂
• Mukurozy-Saponin X (Compound 10, Tauroside ST-G₃)
• Pulsatilla-Saponin D
• Pulsatiloside A
• Pulsatiloside B
• Quinoa-Saponin 1
• Quinoa-Saponin 2
• Quinoa-Saponin 10
• Quinoside A
• Salsoloside D
• Sapindoside B
• Saponin
• Saponin 1
• Saponin 3
• Saponin 4
• Saponin B from Akebia quinata
• Saponin E
• Saponin F
• Saponin G
• Saponin Hcst-B
• Saponin S-4
• Songoroside B (Saponin B)
• Sulfapatrinoside II
• Tauroside ST-H₁
• Udosaponin D
• Udosaponin E
• Vitalboside D
• Vitalboside F
• Vitalboside G
• Vitalboside H
• Vitalboside J
• Glycosides of Echinocystic Acid
• Aralia-Saponin I
• Aralia-Saponin IV
• Astersaponin B
• Astersaponin D.

• Astersaponin Ha
• Astersaponin Hb
• Astersaponin Hc
• Astersaponin Hd
• Calliandra Saponin A
• Calliandra Saponin B
• Calliandra Saponin C
• Calliandra Saponin D
• Calliandra Saponin E
• Calliandra Saponin F
• Calliandra Saponin G
• Calliandra Saponin H
• Calliandra Saponin I
• Calliandra Saponin K
• Calliandra Saponin M
• Codonoside B
• Eclalbasaponin I
• Eclalbasaponin III
• Eclalbasaponin IV
• Eclalbasaponin V
• Eclalbasaponin VI
• Elatoside H
• Foetidissimoside A
• Gleditschioside B (Eclalbasaponin II)
• Gleditsioside E
• Gleditsioside F
• Gleditsioside G
• Gleditsia Saponin B
• Gleditsia Saponin C
• Gleditsia Saponin D₂
• Gleditsia Saponin G
• Gleditsia Saponin I
• Glycoside L-G₀
• Glycoside ST-D₁
• Glycoside ST-D₂
• Glycoside ST-F₂
• Glycoside ST-I₂
• Glycoside ST-K₂
• Helianthoside A
• Helianthoside B
• Helianthoside C
• Rotundioside A
• Scaberoside A₁
• Scaberoside A₂
• Scaberoside A₃
• Scaberoside A₄
• Scaberoside Ha
• Scaberoside Hb₁
• Scaberoside Hb₂
• Scaberoside Hc₁
• Scaberoside Hc₂

• Scaberoside Hd
• Scaberoside Hf
• Scaberoside Hg
• Scaberoside Hh
• Scaberoside Hi
• Stachyssaponin I
• Stachyssaponin II
• Stachyssaponin III
• Stachyssaponin IV
• Stachyssaponin V
• Stachyssaponin VI
• Stachyssaponin VII
• Stachyssaponin VIII
• Tauroside D
• Tauroside H₁
• Tauroside J
• Tragopogonsaponin A
• Tragopogonsaponin B
• Tragopogonsaponin C
• Tragopogonsaponin D
• Tragopogonsaponin E
• Tragopogonsaponin F
• Tragopogonsaponin G
• Tragopogonsaponin H
• Tragopogonsaponin I
• Tragopogonsaponin J
• Tragopogonsaponin K
• Tragopogonsaponin L
• Tragopogonsaponin M
• Tragopogonsaponin N
• Tragopogonsaponin O
• Tragopogonsaponin P
• Tragopogonsaponin Q
• Tragopogonsaponin R
• Triacanthoside A₁
• Triacanthoside G
• Glycosides of Presenegenin
• E-Senegasaponin a
• E-Senegasaponin b
• E-Senegasaponin c
• E-Senegin II
• Onjisaponin A
• Onjisaponin B (Senegin III)
• Onjisaponin C
• Onjisaponin E
• Onjisaponin G
• Polygalasaponin XXIV
• Polygalasaponin XXVIII
• Polygalasaponin XXIX
• Polygalasaponin XXX
• Polygalasaponin XXXI (Onjisaponin F).

• Polygalasaponin XXXII
• Polygalasaponin XXXIII
• Polygalasaponin XXXIV
• Polygalasaponin XXXV
• Polygalasaponin XXXVI
• Polygalasaponin XXXVII
• Polygalasaponin XXXVIII
• Polygalasaponin XXXIX
• Polygalasaponin XL
• Polygalasaponin XLI
• Reinioside A
• Reinioside B
• Reinioside C
• Reinioside D
• Reinioside E
• Reinioside F
• Senegin IV
• Z-Senegasaponin a
• Z-Senegasaponin b
• Z-Senegasaponin c
• Z-Senegin II
• Z-Senegin III
• Z-Senegin IV
• Glycosides of Bayogenin
• Canadensissaponin 1
• Canadensissaponin 2
• Canadensissaponin 3
• Canadensissaponin 4
• Conyzasaponin A
• Conyzasaponin B
• Conyzasaponin C
• Conyzasaponin G
• Lobatoside A
• Lobatoside B
• Lobatoside C
• Lobatoside D
• Lobatoside E
• Lobatoside F
• Lobatoside G
• Lobatoside H (Tubeimoside I)
• Polygalasaponin I
• Polygalasaponin II
• Polygalasaponin III
• Polygalasaponin IV
• Polygalasaponin V
• Polygalasaponin VI
• Polygalasaponin VII
• Polygalasaponin VIII
• Polygalasaponin IX
• Polygalasaponin X
• Polygalasaponin XI.

• Tacacoside A₁
• Tacacoside A₂
• Tacacoside B₁
• Tacacoside B₂
• Tacacoside B₃
• Tacacoside C
• Glycosides of Polygalacic Acid
• Bellisaponin BA₁
• Bellisaponin BA₂
• Crocosmioside A
• Crocosmioside B
• Crocosmioside C
• Crocosmioside D
• Crocosmioside E
• Crocosmioside F
• Crocosmioside G
• Crocosmioside H
• Crocosmioside I
• Desacylmasonoside 1
• Desacylmasonoside 2
• Desacylmasonoside 3
• Polygalacin D₂
• Saponin 8
• Saponin 9
• Saponin 11
• Saponin 12
• Solidagosaponin I
• Solidagosaponin II
• Solidagosaponin III
• Solidagosaponin IV
• Solidagosaponin V
• Solidagosaponin VI
• Solidagosaponin VII
• Solidagosaponin VIII
• Solidagosaponin IX
• Vicoside A
• Virgaureasaponin 1
• Virgaureasaponin 2
• Virgaureasaponin 3
• Glycosides of Protoaescigenin
• Aesculioside A
• Aesculioside B
• Aesculioside C
• Aesculioside D
• Aesculioside E
• Aesculioside F
• Aesculioside G
• Aesculioside H
• Bunkankasaponin A
• Bunkankasaponin B
• Bunkankasaponin C
• Bunkankasaponin D
• Escin Ia
• Escin Ib
• Escin IIa
• Escin IIb
• Escin IIIa
• Escin IV
• Escin IVg
• Escin IVh
• Escin V
• Escin VI
• Escin VIb.

• Isoescin Ia
• Isoescin Ib
• Isoescin V
• Glycosides of Chichipegenin
• Sitakisoside I
• Sitakisoside III
• Sitakisoside IV
• Sitakisoside V
• Sitakisoside XVI
• Sitakisoside XVII
• Alternoside I
• Alternoside II
• Alternoside III
• Alternoside IV
• Alternoside V
• Alternoside VI
• Alternoside VII
• Alternoside VIII
• Alternoside IX
• Alternoside X
• Alternoside XI
• Alternoside XII
• Alternoside XIII
• Alternoside XIV
• Alternoside XV
• Alternoside XVI
• Alternoside XVII
• Compound 4
• Glycosides of Gymnemagenin
• Gymnemic Acid GA-VIII
• Gymnemic Acid GA-IX
• Gymnemic Acid I
• Gymnemic Acid II
• Gymnemic Acid III
• Gymnemic Acid IV
• Gymnemic Acid V
• Gymnemic Acid VI
• Gymnemic Acid XV
• Gymnemic Acid XVI
• Gymnemic Acid XVII
• Gymnemic Acid XVIII
• Gymnemoside-a
• Gymnemoside-b
• Gymnemoside-c
• Glycosides of Other Aglycones
• Anagalloside A
• Desglucoanagalloside A
• Anagallosaponin I
• Methylanagallosaponin I
• Anagalloside B
• Desglucoanagalloside B
• Anagallosaponin II.

• Arjunglucoside I
• Compound XII
• Compound XIV
• Compound XV
• Camelliasaponin A₁
• Camelliasaponin A₂
• Camelliasaponin B₁
• Camelliasaponin B₂
• Camelliasaponin C₁
• Camelliasaponin C₂
• Camellidin II
• Aralia-Saponin II
• Aralia-Saponin III
• Elatoside G
• Medicago-Saponin P₁
• Medicago-Saponin P₂
• Glycoside L-F₂
• Glycoside L-I₂
• Gymnemic Acid VII
• Gymnemoside-d
• Sitakisoside IX
• Acanthophylloside B
• Acanthophylloside C
• Acutifolioside
• Basellasaponin B
• Clematibetoside B
• Dianthoside C
• Glycoside D₃A
• Glycoside D₃B
• Goyasaponin I
• Goyasaponin II
• Lucyoside P
• Luperoside I
• Luperoside J
• Momordicasaponin I
• Nutanoside
• Phyloside A
• Phyloside B
• Saponaside A
• Saponaside C
• Trichoside A
• Trichoside B
• Trichoside D
• Vacsegoside B
• Vacsegoside C
• Alternoside XVIII
• Alternoside XIX
• Compound 2
• Corchorusin A
• Corchorusin D₂
• Saikosaponin f
• Sitakisoside X
• Sitakisoside XX
• Sitakisoside II
• Sitakisoside XVIII
• Sitakisoside XIX.

• Polygalasaponin XII
• Polygalasaponin XIII
• Polygalasaponin XIV
• Polygalasaponin XV
• Polygalasaponin XVI
• Polygalasaponin XVII
• Polygalasaponin XVIII
• Polygalasaponin XIX
• Saponin A
• Saponin B
• Anagalloside C
• Anagallosaponin III
• Anagallosaponin IV
• Anagallosaponin V
• Saikosaponin b₃
• Saikosaponin 15
• Saikosaponin 16
• Saikosaponin 19
• Saikosaponin 24
• Saikosaponin 27
• Saikogenin D
• Saikosaponin 23
• Saikosaponin 25
• Saikosaponin 26
• Saikosaponin c
• Saikosaponin E
• Corchorusin D
• 2-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a
• 3-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a
• 6-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a
• 6''-O-Malonylsaikosaponin a
• 23-O-Acetylsaikosaponin a
• Buddlejasaponin I
• Buddlejasaponin II
• Buddlejasaponin III
• Buddlejasaponin IV
• Chikusaikoside I
• Chikusaikoside II
• Clinoposaponin XII
• Clinoposaponin XV
• Corchorusin B
• Desglucosaponin a
• Mulleinsaponin III
• Mulleinsaponin VII
• Saikosaponin a
• 3-O-Acetylsaikosaponin d
• 6-O-Acetylsaikosaponin d
• 6''-O-Malonylsaikosaponin d
• Saikosaponin d.

• 6-O-Acetylsaikosaponin b₄
• Saikosaponin 17
• Saikosaponin b₄
• Sitakisoside VI
• Sitakisoside VII
• Sitakisoside XI
• Sitakisoside XII
• Sitakisoside XIII
• Sitakisoside XIV
• Sitakisoside XV
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₁
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₂
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₃
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₄
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₅
• Acetylsoyasaponin A₆
• Kudzusaponin SA₁
• Kudzusaponin SA₂
• Kudzusaponin SA₃
• Kudzusaponin SA₄
• Lupinoside PA₁
• Lupinoside PA₂
• Soyasaponin A₁
• Soyasaponin A₂
• Soyasaponin A₃
• Abrisaponin SB
• Acetylsoyasaponin I
• Astragaloside VIII
• Azukisaponin II
• Azukisaponin V
• Compound 7
• Kudzusaponin SB₁
• Lupinoside PA₄
• Lupinoside PA₅
• Monoglucuronide
• Melilotus-Saponin O₁
• Pisumsaponin I
• Saponin from Galega officinalis
• Sophoraflavoside I
• Soyasaponin I
• Soyasaponin II
• Soyasaponin III
• Soyasaponin VI
• Wistariasaponin C
• Part 2. Occurrence of Triterpene Glycosides in Plant Species
• Family Amaranthaceae
• Family Aphloiaceae
• Family Apiaceae
• Family Apocynaceae.

• Family Trachelospermum asiaticum Nakai
• Family Aquifoliaceae
• Family Araliaceae
• Family Asclepiadaceae
• Family Asteraceae
• Family Balsaminaceae
• Family Basellaceae
• Family Basidiomycetes
• Family Betulaceae
• Family Campanulaceae
• Family Caprifoliaceae
• Family Caryophyllaceae
• Family Celastraceae
• Family Chenopodiaceae
• Family Combretaceae
• Family Cucurbitaceae
• Family Dipsacaceae
• Family Eupteleaceae
• Family Fagaceae
• Family Labiatae
• Family Lardizabalaceae
• Family Lauraceae
• Family Leguminosae
• Family Liliaceae
• Family Lycopodiaceae
• Family Meliaceae
• Family Molluginaceae
• Family Myrsinaceae
• Family Phytolaccaceae
• Family Polygalaceae
• Family Polyporaceae
• Family Primulaceae
• Family Rhamnaceae
• Family Rhoipteleaceae
• Family Rosaceae
• Family Rubiaceae
• Family Sapotaceae
• Family Scrophulariaceae
• Family Sponge
• Family Styracaceae
• Family Symplocaceae
• Family Theaceae
• Family Tiliaceae
• Family Umbelliferae
• Family Urticaceae
• Family Valerianaceae
• Family Woodsiaceae.

• Family Zygophyllaceae
• Physicochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Triterpene Glycosides
• Glycosides of Aglycones of Oleanene Type
• Centellasaponin A
• Zygophyloside I
• Zygophyloside J
• Castanopsinin A₁
• Castanopsinin B₁
• Castanopsinin C₁
• Castanopsinin D₁
• Castanopsinin E₁
• Castanopsinin F₁
• Castanopsinin G₁
• Castanopsinin H₁
• Chebuloside I
• Chebuloside II
• Combreglucoside
• Quadranoside X
• Amaranthus-Saponin I
• Amaranthus-Saponin II
• Amaranthus-Saponin III
• Amaranthus-Saponin IV
• Polygalasaponin XX
• Polygalasaponin XXVII
• Polygalasaponin XXV
• Polygalasaponin XXVI
• Gymnocladus-Saponin D
• Gymnocladus-Saponin D₁
• Gymnocladus-Saponin E
• Gymnocladus-Saponin F₁
• Gymnocladus-Saponin F₂
• Gymnocladus-Saponin G
• Gymnocladus-Saponin A
• Gymnocladus-Saponin B
• Gymnocladus-Saponin C
• Polygalasaponin XXIII
• Sinocrassuloside IV
• Sinocrassuloside V
• Scoparianoside C
• Centellasaponin D
• Kochianoside III
• Ardisimamilloside D
• Ardisicrenoside C
• Ardisicrenoside D
• Ardisicrenoside G
• Ardisicrenoside H
• Ardisimamilloside C.

• Ardisimamilloside F
• Sinocrassuloside I
• Sinocrassuloside II
• Sinocrassuloside III
• Sitakisoside VIII
• Gymnemoside-f
• Fargoside A
• Eupteleasaponin VIII
• Eupteleasaponin IX
• Fargoside B
• Scrophulasaponin III
• Scrophulasaponin II
• Scrophulasaponin IV
• Licorice-Saponin J2
• Papyrioside LA
• Papyrioside LB
• Papyrioside LC
• Papyrioside LD
• Papyrioside LE
• Papyrioside LF
• Papyrioside LG
• Papyrioside LH
• Saikosaponin 14
• Momordin III
• Ardisimamilloside E
• Mulleinsaponin I
• Mulleinsaponin II
• Rotundioside E
• Saikosaponin b₁
• Clinoposaponin XVIII
• Tridesmosaponin A
• Tridesmosaponin B
• Saponin B
• Mulleinsaponin VI
• Mulleinsaponin V
• Acutoside C
• Cynarasaponin I
• Cynarasaponin J
• Mulleinsaponin IV
• Clinoposaponin XIII
• Clinoposaponin XIV
• Clinoposaponin XVI
• Compound 1 from Gymnema sylvestre
• Kalopanax-Saponin La
• Kalopanax-Saponin Lb
• Kalopanax-Saponin Lc
• Kochianoside I
• Scoparianoside A
• Licorice-Saponin L3
• Licorice-Saponin D3
• Melilotus-Saponin O₂
• Corchorusin C.

• Gymnemasaponin I
• Gymnemasaponin II
• Gymnemasaponin III
• Gymnemasaponin V
• Gymnemoside-e
• Stelmatotriterpenoside E
• Phaseoloside D
• Phaseoloside E
• Clinoposaponin XVII
• Saponin 2
• Licorice-Saponin G2
• Licorice-Saponin K2
• Saponin 4
• Saponin 2 from Fagonia cretica
• Compound 5 from Fagonia arabica
• Compound 12 from Fagonia glutinosa
• Compound 3 from Gymnema sylvestre
• Clinoposaponin XIX
• Fargoside C
• Fargoside D
• Glycoside L-E₂ from Hedera canariensis
• Glycoside L-G₁
• Glycoside L-G₁B
• Glycoside L-H₃
• Guaiacin C
• Guaiacin D
• Guaiacin E
• Clinoposaponin XX
• Abrisaponin A
• Robinioside E
• Robinioside F
• Robinioside G
• Robinioside H
• Subproside I
• Abrisaponin D₁
• Abrisaponin D₂
• Abrisaponin D₃
• Subproside IV
• Robinioside I
• Robinioside J
• Abrisaponin F
• Phaseoside IV
• Abrisaponin L
• Betavulgaroside VIII
• Betavulgaroside X
• Boussingoside A1
• Ciwujianoside B
• Ciwujianoside C₂
• Ciwujianoside C₁ (Yemuoside YM₁₄)
• Ciwujianoside D2
• Ciwujianoside E.

• Eupteleasaponin I
• Eupteleasaponin II
• Eupteleasaponin III
• Eupteleasaponin IV
• Compound XIV
• Compound XV
• Arjunoside III
• Arjunoside IV
• Saponin PJI
• Saponin HCST-A
• Astersaponin A
• Astersaponin C
• Azukisaponin III
• Azukisaponin VI
• Jegosaponin A
• Jegosaponin B
• Jegosaponin C
• Jegosaponin D
• Ilexoside L
• Lablaboside B
• Lablaboside C
• Palustroside III
• Assamsaponin A
• Abrisaponin Ca
• Calendasaponin B
• Calendasaponin C
• Licorice-Saponin F3
• Licorice-Saponin B2
• Hederoside E1
• Eupteleasaponin V
• Eupteleasaponin V Acetate
• Eupteleasaponin VI
• Eupteleasaponin VI Acetate
• Eupteleasaponin VII
• Licorice-Saponin E2
• Apioglycyrrhizin
• Araboglycyrrhizin
• Glycyrrhizin
• Licorice-Saponin A3
• Azukisaponin IV
• Basellasaponin C
• Copteroside G
• Copteroside H
• Dianthoside A (Dianthussaponin D)
• Dianthoside B
• Mussaendoside S
• Paniculatoside C
• Ilexoside XLVI
• Kudzusaponin A₁
• Kudzusaponin A₂
• Kudzusaponin A₃
• Kudzusaponin A₄
• Kudzusaponin A₅

• Kudzusaponin B₁
• Kudzusaponin C₁
• Licorice-Saponin H2
• Calendasaponin D
• Saponin S₁
• Saponin S₂
• Saponin S₅
• Glabroside B
• Glabroside C
• Medicoside J
• Polygalasaponin XXI
• Polygalasaponin XXII
• Calendasaponin A
• Kochianoside II
• Scoparianoside B
• Saponin PH
• Licorice-Saponin C2
• Sophoraflavoside II
• Compound 1 from Phytolacca americana
• Quinoa-Saponin 3
• Quinoa-Saponin 4
• Quinoa-Saponin 5
• Phytolaccasaponin B
• Phytolaccasaponin E
• Phytolaccasaponin G
• Platycodin A
• Platycodin C
• Platycodin D
• Platycoside E
• Saponin 5
• Saponin 6
• Androseptoside B
• Androseptoside D
• Androseptoside D₁
• Androseptoside F
• Rotundioside D
• Acanthophylloside D
• Dubioside A
• Dubioside B
• Dubioside C
• Dubioside D
• Dubioside E
• Dubioside F
• Lucyoside N
• Luperoside K
• Luperoside L
• Momordicasaponin II
• Sinocrassuloside VI
• Sinocrassuloside VII
• Sinocrassuloside VIII
• Sinocrassuloside IX
• Sinocrassuloside X
• Sinocrassuloside XI
• Rotundioside F.

• Rotundioside G
• Corchorusin D₁
• Corchorusin C₁
• Corchorusin D₃
• Pisumsaponin II
• Sandosaponin B
• Eupteleasaponin X
• Liangwanoside I
• Liangwanoside II
• Basellasaponin D
• Ilexoside LI
• Ilexoside A
• Latifoloside B
• Latifoloside C
• Latifoloside H
• Abrisaponin So₁
• Abrisaponin So₂
• Acetyl-kaikasaponin III
• Azukisaponin I
• Kaikasaponin III
• Kaikasaponin III methyl ester
• Non name (Crotalaria albida)
• Dehydrosoyasaponin I
• Palustroside I
• Sandosaponin A
• Ilexoside XLVII
• Quinoa-Saponin 6
• Assamsaponin D
• Assamsaponin E
• Assamsaponin J
• Assamsaponin B
• Assamsaponin C
• Assamsaponin F
• Assamsaponin G
• Assamsaponin H
• Assamsaponin I
• Theasaponin E1
• Theasaponin E2
• Trachelosperoside D-1
• Trachelosperoside D-2
• Trachelosperoside E-1
• Trachelosperoside F-2
• Wistariasaponin A
• Wistariasaponin A2
• Wistariasaponin A3
• Palustroside II
• Subproside V
• Wistariasaponin B₁
• Wistariasaponin B₂
• Wistariasaponin B₃
• Wistariasaponin YC₁
• Wistariasaponin YC₂

• Cynarasaponin G
• Centellasaponin C
• Cynarasaponin D
• Cynarasaponin E
• Sulfapatrinoside I
• Ilexoside XLII
• Ilexoside XLV
• Compound 7 from Fagonia arabica
• Compound 11 from Fagonia glutinosa
• Glycoside L-C₂
• Gongganoside G
• Stelmatotriterpenoside F
• Coreanoside F1
• Ilexsaponin A1
• Latifoloside D
• Latifoloside E
• Latifoloside F
• Ilexoside XLIII
• Ilexoside XLIV
• Centellasaponin B
• Gongganoside D
• Gongganoside E
• Ilexoside B methyl ester
• Ilexsaponin B₁
• Ilexsaponin B₂
• Ilexsaponin B₃
• Kalaic Acid
• Latifoloside A
• Latifoloside G
• Latifoloside L
• Mussaendoside R
• Scabrioside A
• Scabrioside B
• Scabrioside C
• Scabrioside D
• Zygoeichwaloside G
• Zygoeichwaloside H
• Zygoeichwaloside I
• Zygoeichwaloside K
• Ziyu-Glycoside I
• Ziyu-Glycoside II
• Glycoside 10
• Gongganoside A
• Gongganoside B
• Gongganoside C
• Zygophyloside C
• Zygophyloside D
• Zygophyloside E
• Zygophyloside F
• Zygophyloside G
• Zygophyloside H
• Ilexoside XLI
• Trachelosperoside A-1
• Trachelosperoside B-1.

• Trachelosperoside B-2
• Zygophyloside I
• Zygophyloside L
• Compound 6 from Fagonia arabica
• Compound 6 from Fagonia glutinosa
• Compound 8A from Fagonia glutinosa
• Compound 9 from Fagonia glutinosa
• Compound 10 from Fagonia glutinosa
• Cynarasaponin A
• Cynarasaponin B
• Cynarasaponin C
• Glycoside 3
• Glycoside F2
• Glycoside L-E₂
• Glycoside L-H₂
• Glycoside L-K₂
• Gongganoside F
• Indicasaponin A
• Patrinia-Glycoside A-I
• Patrinia-Glycoside B-I
• Glycosides of Aglycones of Dammarane Type
• Chilianoside H
• Chilianoside I
• Chilianoside J
• Chilianoside K
• Chilianoside L
• Chilianoside A
• Gymnemaside VI
• Gynosaponin TN-1
• Gynosaponin TN-2
• Betula-Schmidtoside A
• Notoginsenoside J
• Vina-Ginsenoside R25
• Ginsenoside-Rh₅
• Ginsenoside-Rh--
• Notoginsenoside G
• Notoginsenoside H
• Quinquenoside IV
• Ginsenoside-Rg-- (Ginsenoside Ib)
• Notoginsenoside I
• Kizuta-Saponin K₅
• Kizuta-Saponin K--a
• Ginsenoside-Rh₉
• Chikusetsusaponin LN₄
• Chikusetsusaponin LT₅
• Chikusetsusaponin LT
• Ginsenoside-Rh
• Polysciasoside A
• Hoduloside VI.

• Hoduloside VII
• Hoduloside VIII
• Hoduloside IX
• Hoduloside X
• Protojujuboside A
• Protojujuboside B
• Protojujuboside B₁
• Gymnemaside I
• Gymnemaside II
• Gymnemaside III
• Gymnemaside IV
• Gymnemaside V
• Actinostemmoside D
• Pseudoginsenoside RT₅
• 24(R)-Pseudoginsenoside F₁₁
• 24(R)-Pseudoginsenoside RT₂
• 24(S)-Pseudoginsenoside F₁₁
• Majonoside R1
• Majonoside R2
• Pseudoginsenoside RT₄
• Vina-Ginsenoside-R1
• Vina-Ginsenoside-R2
• Compound 2 From Betula ermanii
• Compound 3 from Betula ermanii
• Compound 4 from Betula ermanii
• Compound 6 from Betula ermanii
• Betulamaximoside A
• Betulamaximoside B
• Kizuta-Saponin K--b
• Kizuta-Saponin K₄
• Kizuta-Saponin K--
• Kizuta-Saponin K₉
• Kizuta-Saponin K₁₃
• Actinostemmoside G
• Actinostemmoside A
• Actinostemmoside C
• Actinostemmoside H
• Actinostemmoside B
• Kizuta-Saponin K--c
• Ginsenoside Rh₅
• Chikusetsusaponin Ia
• Chikusetsusaponin VI
• Ginsenoside F₂
• Ginsenoside-Ra₃
• Ginsenoside-Rb₂
• Ginsenoside-Rb₃
• Ginsenoside-Rc.

• Ginsenoside-Rd
• Ginsenoside RS₁
• Ginsenoside RS₂
• Ginsenoside-Ra₁
• Ginsenoside-Ra₂
• Gypenoside XVII
• Malonyl-Ginsenoside Rb₁
• Malonyl-Ginsenoside Rb₂
• Malonyl-Ginsenoside Rc
• Malonyl-Ginsenoside Rd
• Notoginsenoside D
• Notoginsenoside-R4
• Pseudoginsenoside RC₁
• Quinquenoside I
• Quinquenoside II
• Quinquenoside III
• Quinquenoside V
• Quinquenoside R1
• 20-Glucoginsenoside-Rf
• 20(R)-Ginsenoside Rh₁
• Chikusetsusaponin I (Ginsenoside Rg₂)
• Chikusetsusaponin L₅
• Ginsenoside F₁ (Chikusetsusaponin L₁₀)
• Ginsenoside F₃
• Ginsenoside-Re
• Ginsenoside-Rf
• Notoginsenoside-R1
• Notoginsenoside-R2
• Notoginsenoside-R3
• Notoginsenoside-R6
• Pseudoginsenoside RS₁
• Pseudoginsenoside RT₃
• Chilianoside B
• Chilianoside C
• Chilianoside D
• Notoginsenoside C
• Notoginsenoside B
• Chilianoside E
• Chilianoside F
• Chilianoside G
• Gymnemaside VII
• Ginsenoside-Rh₆
• Notoginsenoside E
• Notoginsenoside A
• Chikusetsusaponin L₉A
• Ginsenoside La
• Glycosides of Aglycones of Cucurbitane Type
• Momordicoside E
• Momordicoside K
• Momordicoside L.

• Goyaglycoside-h
• Momordicoside F₂
• Momordicoside I
• Goyaglycoside-f
• Goyaglycoside-g
• Hebevinoside II
• Hebevinoside III
• Hebevinoside VI
• Hebevinoside VII
• Hebevinoside VIII
• Hebevinoside IX
• Hebevinoside XII
• Hebevinoside XIII
• Hebevinoside XIV
• Hebevinoside I
• Hebevinoside IV
• Hebevinoside V
• Hebevinoside X
• Hebevinoside XI
• Scandenoside R--
• Scillascilloside D-1
• Scillascilloside E-1
• Scillascilloside E-2
• Scillascilloside E-3
• Scillascilloside E-4
• Scillascilloside E-5
• Scillascilloside G-1
• Goyaglycoside-a
• Goyaglycoside-b
• Goyaglycoside-c
• Goyaglycoside-d
• Goyaglycoside-e
• Cayaponoside A₄
• Cayaponoside A₁
• Cayaponoside C₂
• Cayaponoside C₄
• Cayaponoside D₂
• Cayaponoside D
• Cayaponoside B₅
• Cayaponoside B₃
• Cayaponoside B₂
• Cayaponoside B
• Cayaponoside B₄
• Cayaponoside A₃
• Cayaponoside A₅
• Cayaponoside D₁
• Cayaponoside C₅b
• Cayaponoside C
• Cayaponoside A₆
• Arvenin II
• Arvenin IV
• Glycoside from Hemsleya panacis-scandens
• Cayaponoside A.

• Cayaponoside C5a
• Momordicoside F₁
• Momordicoside G
• Cayaponoside B₆a
• Cayaponoside B₆b
• Cayaponoside D₃b
• Cayaponoside C₃
• Cayaponoside D₃a
• Scandenoside R₅
• Momordicoside A
• Momordicoside B
• Momordicoside C
• Momordicoside D
• Arvenin I
• Arvenin III
• Perseapicroside A
• Scandenoside R₁
• Scandenoside R₃
• Scandenoside R₂
• Scandenoside R₄
• Scandenoside R₆
• Mogroside III
• Mogroside IV
• Laetiposide E
• Laetiposide F
• Laetiposide G
• Miscellaneous Glycosides
• Quadranoside XI
• Compound 6 from Picrorhiza kurrooa
• Compound 5 from Picrorhiza kurrooa
• Compound 2 from Picrorhiza kurrooa
• Compound 3 from Picrorhiza kurrooa
• Compound 8 from Picrorhiza kurrooa
• Cumingianoside K
• Cumingianoside P
• Cumingianoside Q
• Cumingianoside G
• Cumingianoside H
• Cumingianoside I
• Cumingianoside J
• Cumingianoside N
• Cumingianoside O
• Acankoreanoside B
• Bourneioside A
• Bourneioside B
• Acankoreanoside A
• Cumingianoside L
• Cumingianoside M
• Eryloside G
• Eryloside H
• Eryloside I.

• Eryloside J
• Diplazioside III
• Inundoside E
• Inundoside F
• Compound 2
• Compound 4
• Compound 1
• Compound 3
• Isochiisanoside
• Methyl-ester Isochiisanoside
• Actinostemmoside E
• Actinostemmoside F
• Kochianoside IV
• Chiisanoside
• Divaroside
• Non-name
• 200-O-Acetyl Glycoside B
• 500-O-Acetyl Glycoside C
• 60-O-Acetyl Glycoside B
• Diplazioside I
• Diplazioside VI
• Glycoside A
• Glycoside B
• Glycoside C
• Diplazioside II
• Diplazioside IV
• Diplazioside VII
• Hosenkoside J
• Hosenkoside K
• Hosenkoside F
• Hosenkoside H
• Hosenkoside I
• Hosenkoside G
• Hovenidulcioside A₁
• Hovenidulcioside A₂
• Hovenidulcioside B₁
• Hovenidulcioside B₂
• Acetyljujuboside B
• Compound II from Zizyphus jujuba
• Jujuboside A₁
• Jujuboside B
• Jujuboside C
• Zizyphus-Saponin I
• Zizyphus-Saponin II (Saponin C2)
• Zizyphus-Saponin III
• Lotoidoside A
• Lotoidoside B
• Lotoidoside C
• Inundoside A
• Inundoside B
• Inundoside D₁
• Inundoside D₂
• Spergulacin
• Spergulacin A
• Spergulin A
• Spergulin B.

• Clematernoside E
• Clematernoside F
• Clematernoside G
• Clematernoside H
• Clematernoside I
• Clematernoside J
• Clematernoside K
• Clematoside A₁
• Clematoside B
• Clematoside C
• Colchiside B
• Compound R-1a
• Compound R-1b
• Compound R-1c (Udosaponin B)
• Compound R-4b
• Compound R-2b (R-1d)
• Compound 1
• Compound 2 from Randia uliginosa
• Compound 3 from Randia uliginosa
• Compound 3
• Compound 4 from Fagonia arabica
• Compound 11
• Copteroside E
• Cussonoside B
• Cynarasaponin H
• Digitoside A
• Digitoside B
• Elatoside A
• Elatoside B
• Elatoside C
• Elatoside D
• Elatoside E (Compound 3)
• Elatoside F
• Elatoside I
• Elatoside K
• Eleutheroside I (Mubenin B)
• Eleutheroside K (Tauroside C, β-Hederin, Saponin Pb, Glycoside B₁)
• Eleutheroside L
• Eleutheroside M (Hederasaponin B, Hederacolchiside C, Glycoside F₁)
• Entada Saponin II (ES-II)
• Eupteleasaponin XI
• Eupteleasaponin XII
• Fatsiaside A₁
• Fatsiaside C₁ (Saponin PE)
• Flaccidoside II
• Flaccidoside III
• Foetoside C
• Giganteoside D
• Giganteoside G.

• Glycosides of Aglycones of Ursene Type
• Kudinoside A
• Kudinoside B
• Kudinoside C
• Stelmatotriterpenoside G
• Trachelosperoside C-1
• Trachelosperoside C-2
• 3-O-Glucopyranoside of Suavissimoside RI
• Suavissimoside RI
• Stelmatotriterpenoside H
• Rosamultin
• Compound 1 from Tupidanthus calyptratus
• Compound 2 from Tupidanthus calyptratus
• Compound 3 from Tupidanthus calyptratus
• Castanopsinin A₂
• Castanopsinin B₂
• Castanopsinin C₂
• Castanopsinin D₂
• Castanopsinin E₂
• Castanopsinin F₂
• Castanopsinin G₂
• Castanopsinin H₂
• Quadranoside VIII
• Quadranoside VI
• Quadranoside VII
• Compound 1 from Alternanthera repens
• Compound 2 from Alternanthera repens
• Compound 3 from Alternanthera repens
• Compound 4 from Alternanthera repens
• Mussaendoside V
• Compound 4 from Tupidanthus calyptratus
• Compound 5 from Tupidanthus calyptratus
• 28-O-Glucopyranosyl-6β, 23-dihydroxy-tormentic Acid
• Quadranoside IX
• Brevicuspisaponin 2
• Brevicuspisaponin 1
• Compound VIII
• Latifoloside I
• Latifoloside J
• Cynarasaponin F.

'Natural Compounds: Plant Sources, Structure and Properties' details the properties of over 7,500 chemical compounds of pharmacological interest found in plants. Each volume systematically covers occurrence of the compounds in plants, illustrations of chemical structures plus physical-chemical, spectral, and pharmacological data. Entries are indexed by plant name, subject, and pharmacological property. This provides unique coverage of information on compounds isolated from some 3,000 plants, including many from central Asia and Russia, that are not well known elsewhere. The entries for each compound share a similar format. The entries are preceded by tabulated information on the occurrence of the compounds in plants etc. The highly experienced team of compilers from the renowned Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances in Tashkent have expertly assessed the international literature and include data only when confident of its validity, e.g. excluding data where measurement processes cause degradation of the original compound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)