• What is chronic pain?
• Who is hardest hit by chronic pain?
• The opioid mess in the United States
• The opioid mess worldwide
• Marijuana
• Western medicine treatments for chronic pain
• Complementary and alternative medicine treatments for chronic pain
• The way forward
• Appendix I: Resources
• Appendix II: Treatments for pain.

Hundreds of millions around the world live in chronic pain - many in such severe pain they are disabled by it. The Institute of Medicine estimates that chronic pain costs the U.S. alone $560 to $635 billion a year in direct medical costs and lost productivity. Morphine, an effective painkiller, costs only three cents a dose, yet because of excessive regulation in many countries, it is unavailable to millions of people who need it, even at the end of life. The World Health Organization notes that in addition to the one million end-stage AIDS/HIV patients who can't get morphine and other controlled medications, 5.5 million terminal cancer patients, nearly a million people suffering from accidents or violence, and an incalculable number of people living with chronic illnesses and recovering from surgery can't get it, either. Women, children, older people, and the poor are disproportionally affected by inadequate pain relief. Physicians know almost nothing about chronic pain, much less how to treat it, for two reasons: medical schools barely teach it and government institutions allot almost nothing to the pain research budget. In The Global Pain Crisis: What Everyone Needs to Know(R), renowned health journalist Judy Foreman addresses the most important questions about chronic pain: what is it, who does it affect most, what works and what doesn't for pain relief in Western and alternative medicines, what are the risks and benefits for opioids and marijuana, and how can the chronic pain crisis be resolved for good? Foreman's book is a wake-up call for a health problem that affects all people across the globe, at all stages of life. Written in the classic, easy-to-read and quick reference style of the What Everyone Needs to Know(R) series, The Global Pain Crisis is a must for anyone whose life or work is affected by chronic pain.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Ideas about what is passed down are passed down. Do not ask what gets passed down
• The history of family history
• The worst idea in history
• The Reich Genealogical Authority
• What is passed down? Silence
• Information
• Ideas and feelings
• The small grains of history
• DNA + culture
• Chunks of DNA
• The politics of DNA
• The history of the world
• How what is passed down shapes bodies and minds. The past is written on your face : DNA, traits, and what we make of them
• The past may not make you feel better : DNA, history, and health.

We are doomed to repeat history if we fail to learn from it, but how are we affected by the forces that are invisible to us? What role does Neanderthal DNA play in our genetic makeup? How did the theory of eugenics embraced by Nazi Germany first develop? How is trust passed down in Africa, and silence inherited in Tasmania? How are private companies like Ancestry.com uncovering, preserving and potentially editing the past? In The Invisible History of the Human Race, Christine Kenneally reveals that, remarkably, it is not only our biological history that is coded in our DNA, but also our social history. She breaks down myths of determinism and draws on cutting-edge research to explore how both historical artefacts and our DNA tell us where we have come from and where we may be going. 'Magnificently rich and sweeping in scope, in impeccable yet intimate prose.' Cordelia Fine.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword, by Charles E. RosenbergAcknowledgments1. More Than HOTPart I: The Fevers of Classical Medicines2. Words3. BooksPart II: Fever as Social4. Communities5. SelvesPart III: Fever Becomes Modern6. Facts7. Naming the Wild8. Numbers and NursesPart IV: Fever, Modern and Poer-Modern9. Machines, Mothers, Sex, and ZombiesNotesIndex.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Christopher Hamlin's magisterial work engages a common experience-fever-in all its varieties and meanings. Reviewing the representations of that condition from ancient times to the present, More Than Hot is a history of the world through the lens of fever. The book deals with the expression of fever, with the efforts of medical scientists to classify it, and with fever's changing social, cultural, and political significance. Long before there were thermometers to measure it, people recognized fever as a dangerous, if transitory, state of being. It was the most familiar form of alienation from the normal self, a concern to communities and states as well as to patients, families, and healers. The earliest medical writers struggled for a conceptual vocabulary to explain fever. During the Enlightenment, the idea of fever became a means to acknowledge the biological experiences that united humans. A century later, in the age of imperialism, it would become a key element of conquest, both an important way of differentiating places and races, and of imposing global expectations of health. Ultimately the concept would split: "fevers" were dangerous and often exotic epidemic diseases, while "fever" remained a curious physiological state, certainly distressing but usually benign. By the end of the twentieth century, that divergence divided the world between a global South profoundly affected by fevers-chiefly malaria-and a North where fever, now merely a symptom, was so medically trivial as to be transformed into a familiar motif of popular culture. A senior historian of science and medicine, Hamlin shares stories from individuals-some eminent, many forgotten-who exemplify aspects of fever: reflections of the fevered, for whom fevers, and especially the vivid hallucinations of delirium, were sometimes transformative; of those who cared for them (nurses and, often, mothers); and of those who sought to explain deadly epidemic outbreaks. Significant also are the arguments of the reformers, for whom fever stood as a proxy for manifold forms of injustice. Broad in scope and sweep, Hamlin's study is a reflection of how the meanings of diseases continue to shift, affecting not only the identities we create but often also our ability to survive.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword, by Charles E. RosenbergAcknowledgments1. More Than HOTPart I: The Fevers of Classical Medicines2. Words3. BooksPart II: Fever as Social4. Communities5. SelvesPart III: Fever Becomes Modern6. Facts7. Naming the Wild8. Numbers and NursesPart IV: Fever, Modern and Poer-Modern9. Machines, Mothers, Sex, and ZombiesNotesIndex.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Christopher Hamlin's magisterial work engages a common experience-fever-in all its varieties and meanings. Reviewing the representations of that condition from ancient times to the present, More Than Hot is a history of the world through the lens of fever. The book deals with the expression of fever, with the efforts of medical scientists to classify it, and with fever's changing social, cultural, and political significance. Long before there were thermometers to measure it, people recognized fever as a dangerous, if transitory, state of being. It was the most familiar form of alienation from the normal self, a concern to communities and states as well as to patients, families, and healers. The earliest medical writers struggled for a conceptual vocabulary to explain fever. During the Enlightenment, the idea of fever became a means to acknowledge the biological experiences that united humans. A century later, in the age of imperialism, it would become a key element of conquest, both an important way of differentiating places and races, and of imposing global expectations of health. Ultimately the concept would split: "fevers" were dangerous and often exotic epidemic diseases, while "fever" remained a curious physiological state, certainly distressing but usually benign. By the end of the twentieth century, that divergence divided the world between a global South profoundly affected by fevers-chiefly malaria-and a North where fever, now merely a symptom, was so medically trivial as to be transformed into a familiar motif of popular culture. A senior historian of science and medicine, Hamlin shares stories from individuals-some eminent, many forgotten-who exemplify aspects of fever: reflections of the fevered, for whom fevers, and especially the vivid hallucinations of delirium, were sometimes transformative; of those who cared for them (nurses and, often, mothers); and of those who sought to explain deadly epidemic outbreaks. Significant also are the arguments of the reformers, for whom fever stood as a proxy for manifold forms of injustice. Broad in scope and sweep, Hamlin's study is a reflection of how the meanings of diseases continue to shift, affecting not only the identities we create but often also our ability to survive.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Trojan horse of pain
• Opening the gates of relief
• The conservative case against learned helplessness
• Divided states of analgesia
• Oxycontin unleashed.

People in chronic pain have always sought relief-and have always been judged-but who decides whether someone is truly in pain? In this history of American political culture, Keith Wailoo examines how pain and compassionate relief define a line between society's liberal trends and conservative tendencies. Tracing the development of pain theories in politics, medicine, law, and society, and battles over the morality and economics of relief, Wailoo points to a tension at the heart of the conservative-liberal divide. Beginning with the advent of a pain relief economy after World War II in response to concerns about recovering soldiers, Wailoo explores the 1960s rise of an expansive liberal pain standard, along with the emerging conviction that subjective pain was real, disabling, and compensable. These concepts were attacked during the Reagan era of the 1980s, when a conservative political backlash led to decreasing disability aid and the growing role of the courts as arbiters in the politicized struggle to define pain. Wailoo identifies how new fronts in pain politics opened in the 1990s in states like Oregon and Michigan, where advocates for death with dignity insisted that end-of-life pain warranted full relief. In the 2006 arrest of conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh, Wailoo finds a cautionary tale about deregulation, which spawned an unmanageable market in pain relief products as well as gaps between the overmedicated and the undertreated. Today's debates over who is in pain, who feels another's pain, and what relief is deserved form new chapters in the ongoing story of liberal relief and conservative care.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Galton-Garrod Society
• Fisher's quest
• A germ theory of genes
• The heredity clinics
• How the geneticists learned to start worrying and love mutation
• Getting their organ
• Genetics without sex.

Almost daily we hear news stories, advertisements, and scientific reports promising that genetic medicine will make us live longer, enable doctors to identify and treat diseases before they harm us, and individualize our medical care. But surprisingly, a century ago eugenicists were making the same promises. This book traces the history of the promises of medical genetics and of the medical dimension of eugenics. While mindful of the benefits of genetic medicine, the book also considers social and ethical issues that cast troublesome shadows over these fields. Keeping his focus on America, Nathaniel Comfort introduces the community of scientists, physicians, and public health workers who have contributed to the development of medical genetics from the nineteenth century to today. He argues that medical genetics is closely related to eugenics, and indeed that the two cannot be fully understood separately. He also carefully examines how the desire to relieve suffering and to improve ourselves genetically, though noble, may be subverted. History makes clear that as patients and consumers we must take ownership of genetic medicine, using it intelligently, knowledgeably, and skeptically.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine
• Avicenna, a thousand years ahead of his time
• Girolamo Fracastoro and contagion in Renaissance medicine
• Antony van Leeuwenhoek and the birth of microscopy
• The demise of the humoral theory of medicine
• Edward Jenner and the discovery of vaccination
• Ignaz Semmelweis and the control of puerperal sepsis
• Louis Pasteur and the germ theory of disease
• Robert Koch and the rise of bacteriology
• Joseph Lister, the man who made surgery safe
• Paul Ehrlich and the magic bullet
• Alexander Fleming and the discovery of penicillin
• Lillian Wald and the foundations of modern public health
• Conclusions.

From Hippocrates to Lillian Wald, the stories of scientists whose work changed the way we think about and treat infection. Describes the genesis of the germ theory of disease by a dozen seminal thinkers such as Jenner, Lister, and Ehrlich. Presents the "inside stories" of these pioneers' struggles to have their work accepted, which can inform strategies for tackling current crises in infectious diseases and motivate and support today's scientists. Relevant to anyone interested in microbiology, infectious disease, or how medical discoveries shape our modern understanding.

• * Introduction * Many Varieties of Beautiful Inheritance * Eugenics and the Genealogical Fallacy * Pronatal Motives and Prenatal Diagnosis * No Matter What! This Has to Stop! * Genetic Screening and Genocidal Claims * Parents, Politicians, Physicians, and Priests * Conclusion * Further Reading * Notes * Acknowledgments * Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The secrets locked in our genes are being revealed, and we find ourselves both enthused and frightened about what that portends. We look forward to curing disease and alleviating suffering-for our children as well as for ourselves-but we also worry about delving too deeply into the double helix. Abuses perpetrated by eugenicists-from involuntary sterilization to murder-continue to taint our feelings about genetic screening. Yet, as Ruth Schwartz Cowan reveals, modern genetic screening has been practiced since 1960, benefiting millions of women and children all over the world. She persuasively argues that new forms of screening-prenatal, newborn, and carrier testing-are both morally right and politically acceptable. Medical genetics, built on the desire of parents and physicians to reduce suffering and increase personal freedom, not on the desire to "improve the human race, " is in fact an entirely different enterprise from eugenics. Cowan's narrative moves from an account of the interwoven histories of genetics and eugenics in the first half of the twentieth century, to the development of new forms of genetic screening after mid-century. It includes illuminating chapters on the often misunderstood testing programs for sickle cell anemia, and on the world's only mandated premarital screening programs, both of them on the island of Cyprus. Neither minimizing the difficulty of the choices that modern genetics has created for us nor fearing them, Cowan bravely and compassionately argues that we can improve the quality of our own lives and the lives of our children by using the modern science and technology of genetic screening responsibly.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Neither minimizing the difficulty of the choices that modern genetics has created for us nor fearing them, Cowan argues that we can improve the quality of our own lives and the lives of our children by using the modern science and technology of genetic screening responsibly.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PREFACE
• INTRODUCTION
• PART 1: THE FOUNDATIONS OF HUMAN AND MEDICAL GENETICS
• PART 2: HUMAN GENETICS
• PART 3: MEDICAL GENETICS
• PART 4: GENETICS AND SOCIETY
• PART 5: CONCLUSION AND APPENDICES
• APPENDIX I: GENERAL SOURCES
• APPENDIX II: TIMELINE
• REFERENCES.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An eminent geneticist, veteran author, OMMG Series Editor, and noted archivist, Peter Harper presents a lively account of how our ideas and knowledge about human genetics have developed over the past century from the perspective of someone inside the field with a deep interest in its historical aspects. Dr. Harper has researched the history of genetics and has had personal contact with a host of key figures whose memories and experiences extend back 50 years, and he has interviewed and recorded conversations with many of these important geneticists. Thus, rather than being a conventional history, this book transmits the essence of the ideas and the people involved and how they interacted in advancing- and sometimes retarding- the field. From the origins of human genetics; through the contributions of Darwin, Mendel, and other giants; the identification of the first human chromosome abnormalities; and up through the completion of the Human Genome project, this Short History is written in the author's characteristic clear and personal style, which appeals to geneticists and to all those interested in the story of human genetics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• ""Contents""; ""Figures and Tables""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Preface""; ""Abbreviations""; ""Illustrations""; ""1 Introduction""; ""2 Laboratory Work in the Maritimes: The Institutional Context""; ""3 The Content of Laboratory Work""; ""4 Not Just Bench Warmers: Labour in the Laboratory""; ""5 Diffuse Roles and Multitasking""; ""6 Recruitment, Mobility, and Wages""; ""Conclusion""; ""Notes""; ""Bibliography""; ""Index""; ""A""; ""B""; ""C""; ""D""; ""E""; ""F""; ""G""; ""H""; ""I""; ""J""; ""K""; ""L""; ""M""; ""N""; ""O""; ""P""; ""R""; ""S""; ""T""; ""U""; ""V""; ""W""; ""X""; ""Y""

A rich portrait of the rise of Canada's third largest health care profession.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The headache and its treatment in the nineteenth century
• Free choice and free enterprise in nineteenth century American drug supply
• Doctors and the drug trade
• The remarkable synthetic drugs
• Druggists, doctors and the law
• The Bayer Company: drugs as big business
• Did the headache finally meet its match?
• The headache in the twentieth century.

This is the story of how a common ailment - the headache - became the centre of a multibillion dollar pharmaceutical industry in the United States. Despite the increasing authority of the medical profession in the 20th century, treatment of this condition has remained largely in the hands of the public. Using the headache as a case study, and advertising as a significant source of information, Jan McTavish traces the beginnings of the modern over-the-counter industry. The American pharmaceutical industry developed from 19th-century suppliers of plant-derived drugs for both professional and home care. Two branches of the industry evolved over time - the ethical branch, which sold products only with prescriptions, and the nostrum branch, which was noted for its energetic marketing techniques. At the end of the century, they were joined by German companies that combined a strong commitment to science with aggressive salesmanship. Since German drugs were both highly effective in treating headaches and commonly available, sufferers wanting quick relief could easily obtain them. The result was a new kind of ""legitimate"" pharmaceutical industry that targeted consumers directly.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Experimental textbook for Tibetan ayurvedic medical study focussed on understanding causes of diseases and its preventive measure for diverse ailments caused by inappropriate practices of food consumption, time spending, and self disciplining etc.