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• Structures and jurisdictions
• Roles and functions
• Powers and motivations
• People
• Process
• Politics and policy.

"The book provides a very short, but complete introduction to the institutions and people, the rules and processes, that make up the American judicial system. Jargon free and aimed at a general reader, it explains the where, when, and who of American courts. It also makes clear the how and why behind the law as it affects everyday people. It is, in a word, a starting place to understanding the third branch of American government at both the state and the federal levels, a guide to those wishing to know the basics of the American judicial system, and a cogent synthesis of how the various elements that make up the law and legal institutions fit together"-- Provided by publisher.

• Sharia and Western tradition : a challenge
• English law and sharia courts
• Interactions between Islamic justice and English courts
• Sharia courts and the geo-legal conflicts

A Geo-Legal Approach to the English Sharia Courts: Cases and Conflicts adopts a new methodological perspective that combines Comparative Law with Geopolitics to understand the phenomenon of the English 'sharia courts'. This term is used as a geopolitical representation of specific Islamic ADR institutions. The geo-legal analysis illustrates the competition of the legal systems involved and brings you in the middle of the related conflict, where (official and unofficial) legal rules are used by various actors to defend their ideas of Law and implement their strategies. Accordingly, the geo-legal operational analysis helps assess the possible changes occurring in the relationship between the legal systems and their substratum of values. Funding for the research associated with this book was provided by the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" - Dept. of Political Science and by the Italian Ministry of University and Research through the National Project (PRIN 2017 n. 20174EH2MR) on "International Migrations, State, Sovereignty, Human Rights: open legal issues" directed by Prof. Angela Di Stasi and Prof. Ida Caracciolo.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of figures
• List of tables
• Acknowledgements
• List of abbreviations
• Introduction
• 1. An ecological theory of court reform in Urban China
• 2. The judicial cadre evaluation system: foundational institutional incentives undergirded by "intra-state legibility"
• 3. High-end demand for legal services and local pressure to professionalize the judiciary
• 4. Expansions in competitive promotion and the implications for judicial autonomy
• 5. Court personnel, bureaucratic specialization, and the limits of top-down theory
• 6. Conclusion
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bridging disparate literatures on courts and the legal profession in China, Jonathan J. Kinkel introduces an innovative cross-disciplinary framework to understand the reality of Chinese politics and society. Fusing a variety of perspectives from social ecology, historical institutionalism, and empirical legal studies, Kinkel contextualises patterns of court reform within China's rapid economic and social transformations. This book's extensive case studies emphasise the dynamic expansion of the legal system in the post-Mao reform period and demonstrate that law firm growth in large cities, especially in the early twenty-first century, pressured courts at the local and national levels to enhance judicial autonomy. Advancing debates on the multiplicity of political-legal regimes, this book offers a comprehensive, empirical account of how reforms in both the public and private arenas can interact and operate alongside one another.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Courts and judicial reforms / Ragna Aarli and Anne Sanders
• China / Ragna Aarli
• Germany / Reinhard Gaier and Anne Sanders
• Slovenia / Nina Betetto
• UK : England and Wales / Right Hon Sir Richard Aikens
• Norway / Wenche Elizabeth Arntzen and Ragna Aarli
• Comparative reflections the role of the judge in the melting pot / Ragna Aarli
• Litigation explosion and reactions from courts in China / Weidong Chen
• A study of the tripartite powers in reforms to the judicial power operation system in China / Lei Du
• The law/love triangle? : the German Federal Constitutional Court and its two European neighbours / Vanessa Hellmann
• Judicial case management and loyal cooperation towards harmonized European rules of civil procedure / Remco van Rhee
• Court management for sustainable judiciary : the case of Switzerland / Andreas Lienhard
• Conclusions and outlook / Ragna Aarli Anne.

"The challenges courts face today all over the world can only be solved in close cooperation between judges and academics which crosses national borders. The anthology brings judges and academics together for a dialogue on judicial reforms. The book presents contributions by the judges on their judicial systems (China, Germany, Slovenia, England and Wales and Norway). The contributions by the academics take up different themes which have emerged in the country reports: The topics include comparative, normative and organisational perspectives on national court systems as well as international perspectives on courts as guarantors of individual rights in an increasingly globalised rule-of-law framework"-- Provided by publisher.

All legal texts tell us stories in many ways. What stories, what narratives, can be found in the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union? This book invites the reader to think of the world of EU law as a creative process. From such a perspective, the adjudicative praxis of the Court is an intellectual, cultural, literary activity, in which the reader can imagine him- or herself participating. The author develops a novel hermeneutic methodology to examine the textual performance of the Court, by combining the work of American 'Law and Literature' scholar James Boyd White with the work of French philosopher Paul Ricoeur. This methodology allows for an analysis of the role played by the Court in its legal reasoning and the vision of humanity it demonstrates: narratives of 'self' and 'other'. The synthesis of two case studies (on economically inactive EU citizens? access to social benefits, and on data protection and privacy) results in an open-ended and self-reflective examination of the narratives about human agency and human responsibility in the case law of the Court of Justice European Union

• Part I: The Judge, the Judiciary and the Court: 1. The judge, the judiciary and the court: the individual, the collective and the institution Gabrielle Appleby and Andrew Lynch
• 2. Re-examining the judicial function in Australia Joe McIntyre
• 3. The Chief Justice: under relational and institutional pressure Gabrielle Appleby and Heather Roberts
• Part II: Debates and Challenges to the Judicial Role: 4. Dismantling the diversity deficit: towards a more inclusive Australian Judiciary Brian Opeskin
• 5. Technology and the judicial role Monika Zalnieriute and Felicity Bell
• 6. Emotion work as judicial work Sharyn Roach Anleu and Kathy Mack
• 7. The persistent pejorative: judicial activism Tanya Josev
• Part III: The Judiciary as a Collective: 8. Judicial collegiality Sarah Murray
• 9. Individual judicial style and institutional norms Andrew Lynch
• 10. Values and judicial difference in the High Court Rachel Cahill-O'Callaghan
• Part IV: Perceptions: 11. Judges and the media Matthew Groves
• 12. The 'good judge' in Australian popular television culture Penny Crofts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Judge, the Judiciary and the Court is aimed at anyone interested in the Australian judiciary today. It examines the impact of the individual on the judicial role, while exploring the collegiate environment in which judges must operate. This professional community can provide support but may also present its own challenges within the context of a particular court's relational dynamic and culture. The judge and the judiciary form the 'court', an institution grounded in a set of constitutional values that will influence how judges and the judiciary perform their functions. This collection brings together analysis of the judicial role that highlights these unique aspects, particularly in the Australian setting. Through the lenses of judicial leadership, diversity, collegiality, dissent, style, technology, the media and popular culture, it analyses how judges work individually and as a collective to protect and promote the institutional values of the court.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword / Chris Maxwell
• The judge, the judiciary, and the court : the individual, the collective, and the institution / Gabrielle Appleby and Andrew Lynch
• Re-examining the judicial function in Australia / Joe McIntyre
• The chief justice : under relational and institutional pressure / Gabrielle Appleby and Heather Roberts
• Dismantling the diversity deficit : towards a more inclusive Australian judiciary / Brian Opeskin
• Technology and the judicial role / Monika Zalnieriute and Felicity Bell
• Emotion work as judicial work / Sharyn Roach Anleu and Kathy Mack
• The persistent pejorative : judicial activism / Tanya Josev
• Judicial collegiality / Sarah Murray
• Individual judicial style and Institutional norms / Andrew Lynch
• Values and judicial difference in the high court / Rachel Cahill-O'Callaghan
• Judges and the media / Matthew Groves
• The 'good judge' in Australian popular television culture / Penny Crofts

The Judge, the Judiciary and the Court is aimed at anyone interested in the Australian judiciary today. It examines the impact of the individual on the judicial role, while exploring the collegiate environment in which judges must operate. This professional community can provide support but may also present its own challenges within the context of a particular court's relational dynamic and culture. The judge and the judiciary form the 'court', an institution grounded in a set of constitutional values that will influence how judges and the judiciary perform their functions. This collection brings together analysis of the judicial role that highlights these unique aspects, particularly in the Australian setting. Through the lenses of judicial leadership, diversity, collegiality, dissent, style, technology, the media and popular culture, it analyses how judges work individually and as a collective to protect and promote the institutional values of the court.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Courts and proceedings : some Nordic characteristics / Pia Letto-Vanamo
• Courts, law, language and culture / Ditlev Tamm
• The history of Nordic legal culture and court culture : the story of what should not have been, but still came to be / Jørn Øyrehagen Sunde
• Sources of inspiration of Nordic procedural law : choices and objectives of the legal reforms / Maria Astrup Hjort
• Culture and mentality in East-Nordic courts / Laura Ervo
• Europeanisation of Nordic civil procedure : does the map match the terrain? / Anna Nylund
• Nordic and European judicial cooperation in criminal matters / Dan Helenius
• Globalisation and court practice in Iceland : new case law of the Supreme Court in relation to the EEA Agreement and European Convention on Human Rights / Halldóra Thorsteinsdóttir
• The changing role of Nordic courts / Martin Sunnqvist
• Institutional aspects of the Nordic justice systems : striving for consolidation and settlements / Anna Nylund
• The public policy-implementing role of Nordic courts in civil dispute resolution / Clement Salung Petersen
• Mediation : a change in Finnish court culture? / Kirsikka Linnanmäki
• Plea bargaining changing Nordic criminal procedure : Sweden and Finland as examples / Laura Ervo
• Small claims procedures in the Scandinavian countries / Christina Jensen
• The past, present and future of Nordic courts / Anna Nylund

This open access book examines whether a distinctly Nordic procedural or court culture exists and what the hallmarks of that culture are. Do Nordic courts and court proceedings share a distinct set of ideas and values that in combination constitute the core of a regional legal culture? How do Europeanisation, privatisation, diversification and digitisation influence courts and court proceedings in the Nordic countries? The book traces the genesis and formation of Nordic courts and justice systems to provide a richer comprehension of contemporary Nordic legal culture, and an understanding of the relationship between legal cultural stability and change. In answering these questions, the book provides models for conceptualising procedural culture. Nordic procedural culture has partly developed organically and is partly also the product of deliberate efforts to maintain a certain level of alignment between the Nordic countries. Studying Nordic cooperation enables us to gain a deeper understanding of current regional, European and global harmonisation processes within procedural law. The influx of supranational European law, increased use of alternative dispute resolution and growth in regulation density that produces a conflict between specialisation and coherence, have tangible impact on the role of courts in a democratic society, the form of court proceedings and court structures. This book examines whether and why some trends exert more tangible, or perhaps simply more perceptible, influence on procedural culture than others.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The supervision of judges throughout the history of the German judiciary / Stefan Haack
• Judicial independence and the court's organisation from the perspective of the European Convention on Human Rights / Katharina Pabel
• The shape of supervision over courts : reflections on the supervisory measures applied to courts and judges / Jan Olszanowski
• Considerations on the supervision exercised over courts and judges / Matej Horvat, Matúš Radosa
• Public entities responsible for court administration and supervision over judges / Martin Sunnqvist
• The organisation of the work of a judge and the activities of judicial administration bodies (comments from the viewpoint of the administrative judiciary) / Andrzej Skoczylas
• Supervision over a court as a tool to protect the right to have a court case heard within a reasonable time / Andrzej Paduch
• Electronic case distribution as a measure enhancing neutrality in the assignment of cases / Igor Gontarz
• Administrative supervision as a tool for building trust in the courts and judges / Wojciech Piqtek

"The analysis will be of an interdisciplinary, normative, and sociological nature, and will be presented from various points of view, including numerous insights into international and national legal systems ... such as Austria, Denmark, Germany, Poland, Slovakia, and Sweden"-- Page 9

• The Sacra Romana Rota / K. Salonen
• English Court of Chancery / N. G. Jones
• an "Ordinary court of justice"? : the appellate jurisdiction of the House of Lords, 1689-1760 / W. Prest
• The College of Justice, Court of Session, and Privy Council in sixteenth century Scotland, 1532-1603 / A. M. Godfrey
• Adjudication in the Scottish Parliament, 1532-1707 / J. D. Ford
• The highest courts of the Holy Roman Empire : Imperial Chamber Court and Imperial Aulic Council / P. Oestmann
• The King in Council and the Supreme Court in Denmark, 1537-1660 / D. Tamm
• The Svea Court of Appeal : a basis for good governance and justice in the early modern Swedish realm, 1614-1800 / M. Korpiola
• The Appeals Court of Dorpat in the seventeenth century : establishing Swedish judiciary overseas / H. Pihlajamäki
• The supreme judicature in the Habsburg Netherlands / A. Wijffels
• The supreme judicature in Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland after the Dutch Revolt, 1582-1795 / C. H. van Rhee
• The Sacro Regio Consiglio of Naples, 15th-17th century / D. Freda
• The history of the supreme courts in the Iberian peninsula from the 14th century to the 18th century / I. Czeguhn
• The Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies : the Supreme Court of New Spain / L. López Valencia
• The Sovereign Council of New France, 1663-1760 / S. Dauchy
• The General Court of Virginia, 1619-1776 / W. H. Bryson

"The intimate connection between medieval royal government and the administration of justice led to a new generation of centralized law courts emerging in early modern Europe. Some were newly created institutions, but often they were associated with the evolution of the judicial role of royal councils, or equivalent bodies, which sat outside the ordinary course of justice. Typically these were empowered on behalf of the sovereign to make interventions in legal process on grounds of equity. Legal change of this kind was connected with the development of the state, and reflected the way that enhancement in the exercise of centralized judicial authority could be a powerful force reshaping the administration of justice more generally. The contributions to this book seek to examine how such newly created or reformed central judicial bodies (in Europe but also to some extent in European colonial settlement in the Americas) became integrated into the wider structures of jurisdiction within states, with a superior or even supreme jurisdiction. A particular emphasis is given to exploring how their jurisdiction and authority related to other more political institutions of central governance with an adjudicative role, such as parliaments or privy councils"--Publisher's website

• Introduction.- Judicial Control of Court Administration.- Models of Court Governance.- The Court Governance Policy Framework.- Court Services Victoria.- Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is a comparative study of judge-managed court systems across Australia, Europe and North America. This book makes an original contribution to the literature of court administration by providing a framework for examining court-service models of judicial councils, the policymaking bodies of courts and tribunals. This book promises to assist court administration scholars, judicial leaders, and policymakers in devising more effective organizational solutions to the contemporary challenges of judicial self-governance. The author Dr. Tim Bunjevac offers a nuanced elaboration of judicial accountability in court administration and a model institutional framework of court governance, comparing key Australian and international models of court administration, including the Australian Federal and two state court systems, Irish, English, Canadian and Dutch models. With a close case study, the author puts his sharpest focus on the Victoria, Australia, which introduced a judicial council in 2014. This book does an innovative job of proposing a new elaboration of judicial accountability in court administration. This book proposes that the likely success of any court system reform ultimately depends on the quality of the interaction between the courts, government, and other justice system stakeholders, which must be rooted in the concepts of organizational transparency and administrative accountability.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Russian law in a comparative perspective
• Sources and hierarchy of laws
• The judicial system
• The legal profession
• Constitutional structure
• Individual rights
• Civil and commercial law
• Tax law
• Foreign investment law
• Private international law
• Civil and arbitrazh procedure
• Challenging government action
• Criminal and administrative offense law
• Criminal and administration offense procedure

• Perspectives on Issue Attention Dynamics
• The Judicial Agendas
• Issue Attention Dynamics in American Politics
• Issue Attention Dynamics in the Federal Courts.

Do our federal courts, including the Supreme Court, lead or merely implement public policy? This is a critical question in the study and practice of law, with a long history of continued dispute and contradictory evidence. In Lighting the Way, Douglas Rice systematically examines both sides of this debate. Introducing compelling new data on the policy focuses of federal courts, Rice presents the first long-term, comprehensive consideration of the judicial agenda. In doing so, he details the conditional role of the Supreme Court and other federal courts in directing attention to issues in American politics through influential relationships with Congress, the presidency, and the public. The dynamics Rice illustrates grow from the strengths of political constituencies in various policy areas and the constitutional powers accorded to the courts. Lighting the Way provides strong evidence that, as long argued but never empirically demonstrated, the courts systematically lead the attention of other institutions on civil rights. The research speaks to a broad and growing literature in political science and sociolegal research on the interactive nature of policymaking and the critical role of legal institutions and social movements in shaping the policy agendas.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Perspectives on issue attention dynamics
• The judicial agendas
• Issue attention dynamics in American politics
• Issue attention dynamics in the federal courts
• Conclusion

Do our federal courts, including the Supreme Court, lead or merely implement public policy? This is a critical question in the study and practice of law, with a long history of continued dispute and contradictory evidence. In Lighting the Way, Douglas Rice systematically examines both sides of this debate. Introducing compelling new data on the policy focuses of federal courts, Rice presents the first long-term, comprehensive consideration of the judicial agenda. In doing so, he details the conditional role of the Supreme Court and other federal courts in directing attention to issues in American politics through influential relationships with Congress, the presidency, and the public. The dynamics Rice illustrates grow from the strengths of political constituencies in various policy areas and the constitutional powers accorded to the courts. Lighting the Way provides strong evidence that, as long argued but never empirically demonstrated, the courts systematically lead the attention of other institutions on civil rights. The research speaks to a broad and growing literature in political science and sociolegal research on the interactive nature of policymaking and the critical role of legal institutions and social movements in shaping the policy agendas.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Introduction
• Policy and organizational framework of the British judicial administration
• Growth and development of the administration of justice in the early years of British rule
• Judicial administration from the promulgation of the Assam Code till the end of the East India Company's rule
• Administration of justice under the Crown till 1874
• Judicial agencies
• Police administration
• Impact of the administration of justice on the life of the people
• Conclusion.

Based on original sources, this volume is a pioneering work in the study of the growth and development of judicial administration in Assam since the beginning of the East India Company's rule in the province till it was separated from the Bengal Presidency in 1874. In view of the fact that Assam had its own laws and codes different from those of other provinces of British India, this work is unique and pioneering in its reach. Assam was administered under non-regulation system which had its origin in the neighbouring province of Bengal and was governed by a mixed system of local and regulation laws. In the administration of civil justice, the Bengal regulations were entirely dispensed with, while in criminal administration the regulations were followed more or less. Since the occupation of the province by the Company's government till 1837 the fundamental drawback of the entire judicial administration was the want of a definite code of law, the absence of which confused the administrators in delivering justice. It was only in 1837 that rules for the civil and criminal administration, popularly known as the Assam Code, were drafted and judicial administration in the province found a sound footing. The presentation and analysis of the laws and codes prepared by the Government of Bengal in its executive capacity in consultation with the local authorities in Assam is the most distinctive feature of this comprehensive work. Please note: Taylor & Francis does not sell or distribute the Hardback in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: beyond high courts / Matthew C. Ingram and Diana Kapiszewski
• Reforms to the public prosecutor's office in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico: the role of justice sector interest groups / Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar
• Operationalizing and measuring prosecutorial independence: the Brazilian case / Ernani Carvalho and Natália Leitão
• Public defense and access to justice in a federal context: who gets what, and how, in the Argentinean provinces / Catalina Smulovitz
• Judging elections: electoral courts and democracy in Latin America's federal systems / Diana Kapiszewski, John Seth Alexander, and Robert Nyenhuis
• The Electoral Court and party politics in Brazil / Sídia Maria Porto Lima
• Watching the watchmen: the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court's Chief Justice in checking lower court activism / José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto, Ernani Carvalho, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, and Louise Dantas de Andrade
• Judicial councils in Mexico: design, roles, and origins at the national and subnational levels / Matthew C. Ingram
• Transnational protection of human rights in Latin America / Mary L. Volcansek and Matthew C. Ingram
• Comparative law and courts studies: some reflections and directions / Martin Shapiro.

Beyond High Courts: The Justice Complex in Latin America is a much-needed volume that will make a significant contribution to the growing fields of comparative law and politics and Latin American legal institutions. The book moves these research agendas beyond the study of high courts by offering theoretically and conceptually rich empirical analyses of a set of critical supranational, national, and subnational justice sector institutions that are generally neglected in the literature. The chapters examine the region's large federal systems (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico), courts in Chile and Venezuela, and the main supranational tribunal in the region, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Aimed at students of comparative legal institutions while simultaneously offering lessons for practitioners charged with designing such institutions, the volume advances our understanding of the design of justice institutions, how their form and function change over time, what causes those changes, and what consequences they have. The volume also pays close attention to how justice institutions function as a system, exploring institutional interactions across branches and among levels of government (subnational, national, supranational) and analyzing how they help to shape, and are shaped by, politics and law. Incorporating the institutions examined in the volume into the literature on comparative legal institutions deepens our understanding of justice systems and how their component institutions can both bolster and compromise democracy and the rule of law.Contributors: Matthew C. Ingram, Diana Kapiszewski, Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar, Ernani Carvalho, Natalia Leitao, Catalina Smulovitz, John Seth Alexander, Robert Nyenhuis, Sidia Maria Porto Lima, Jose Mario Wanderley Gomes Neto, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, Louis Dantas de Andrade, Mary L. Volcansek, and Martin Shapiro.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : beyond high courts / Matthew C. Ingram and Diana Kapiszewski
• Reforms to the public prosecutor's office in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico : the role of justice sector interest groups / Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar
• Operationalizing and measuring prosecutorial independence : the Brazilian case / Ernani Carvalho and Natália Leitão
• Public defense and access to justice in a federal context : who gets what, and how, in the Argentinean provinces / Catalina Smulovitz
• Judging elections : electoral courts and democracy in Latin America's federal systems / Diana Kapiszewski, John Seth Alexander, and Robert Nyenhuis
• The Electoral Court and party politics in Brazil / Sídia Maria Porto Lima
• Watching the watchmen : the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court's Chief Justice in checking lower court activism / José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto, Ernani Carvalho, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, and Louise Dantas de Andrade
• Judicial councils in Mexico : design, roles, and origins at the national and subnational levels / Matthew C. Ingram
• Transnational protection of human rights in Latin America / Mary L. Volcansek and Matthew C. Ingram
• Comparative law and courts studies : some reflections and directions / Martin Shapiro

Beyond High Courts: The Justice Complex in Latin America is a much-needed volume that will make a significant contribution to the growing fields of comparative law and politics and Latin American legal institutions. The book moves these research agendas beyond the study of high courts by offering theoretically and conceptually rich empirical analyses of a set of critical supranational, national, and subnational justice sector institutions that are generally neglected in the literature. The chapters examine the region's large federal systems (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico), courts in Chile and Venezuela, and the main supranational tribunal in the region, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Aimed at students of comparative legal institutions while simultaneously offering lessons for practitioners charged with designing such institutions, the volume advances our understanding of the design of justice institutions, how their form and function change over time, what causes those changes, and what consequences they have. The volume also pays close attention to how justice institutions function as a system, exploring institutional interactions across branches and among levels of government (subnational, national, supranational) and analyzing how they help to shape, and are shaped by, politics and law. Incorporating the institutions examined in the volume into the literature on comparative legal institutions deepens our understanding of justice systems and how their component institutions can both bolster and compromise democracy and the rule of law.Contributors: Matthew C. Ingram, Diana Kapiszewski, Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar, Ernani Carvalho, Natalia Leitao, Catalina Smulovitz, John Seth Alexander, Robert Nyenhuis, Sidia Maria Porto Lima, Jose Mario Wanderley Gomes Neto, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, Louis Dantas de Andrade, Mary L. Volcansek, and Martin Shapiro.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Beyond high courts / Matthew C. Ingram and Diana Kapiszewski
• Reforms to the public prosecutor's office in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico : the role of justice sector interest groups / Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar
• Operaztionalizing and measuring prosecutorial independence : the Brazilian case / Ernani Carvalho and Natália Leitão
• Public defense and access to justice in a federal context : who gets what, and how, in the Argentinean provinces / Catalina Smulovitz
• Judging elections : electoral courts and democracy in Latin America's federal systems / Diana Kapiszewski, John Seth Alexander, and Robert Nyenhuis
• The Electoral Court and party politics in Brazil / Sídia Maria Porto Lima
• Watching the watchmen : the role of the Brazilian Supreme Court's chief justice in checking lower court activism / José Mário Wanderley Gomes Neto, Ernani Carvalho, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, and Louise Dantas de Andrade
• Judicial councils in Mexico : design, roles, and origins at the national and subnational levels / Matthew C. Ingram
• Transnational protection of human rights in Latin America / Mary L. Volcansek and Matthew C. Ingram
• Comparative law and courts studies : some reflections and directions / Martin Shapiro.

Beyond High Courts: The Justice Complex in Latin America is a much-needed volume that will make a significant contribution to the growing fields of comparative law and politics and Latin American legal institutions. The book moves these research agendas beyond the study of high courts by offering theoretically and conceptually rich empirical analyses of a set of critical supranational, national, and subnational justice sector institutions that are generally neglected in the literature. The chapters examine the region's large federal systems (Argentina, Brazil, and Mexico), courts in Chile and Venezuela, and the main supranational tribunal in the region, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. Aimed at students of comparative legal institutions while simultaneously offering lessons for practitioners charged with designing such institutions, the volume advances our understanding of the design of justice institutions, how their form and function change over time, what causes those changes, and what consequences they have. The volume also pays close attention to how justice institutions function as a system, exploring institutional interactions across branches and among levels of government (subnational, national, supranational) and analyzing how they help to shape, and are shaped by, politics and law. Incorporating the institutions examined in the volume into the literature on comparative legal institutions deepens our understanding of justice systems and how their component institutions can both bolster and compromise democracy and the rule of law.Contributors: Matthew C. Ingram, Diana Kapiszewski, Azul A. Aguiar-Aguilar, Ernani Carvalho, Natalia Leitao, Catalina Smulovitz, John Seth Alexander, Robert Nyenhuis, Sidia Maria Porto Lima, Jose Mario Wanderley Gomes Neto, Danilo Pacheco Fernandes, Louis Dantas de Andrade, Mary L. Volcansek, and Martin Shapiro.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Culture and punishment
• Broken windows, broken people
• Ordering the court
• The process of punishment
• Good defendants and good courts
• Ambivalent justice
• Justice for all? : marketing justice to a contested community
• Courting the community.

Community Courts are designed to handle a city's low-level offenses and quality-of-life crimes, such as littering, loitering, or public drunkenness. Court advocates maintain that these largely victimless crimes jeopardize the well-being of residents, businesses, and visitors. Whereas traditional courts might dismiss such cases or administer a small fine, community courts aim to meaningfully punish offenders to avoid disorder escalating to apocalyptic decline. Courting the Community is a fascinating ethnography that goes behind the scenes to explore how quality-of-life discourses are translated into court practices that marry therapeutic and rehabilitative ideas. Christine Zozula shows how residents and businesses participate in meting out justice-such as through community service, treatment, or other sanctions-making it more emotional, less detached, and more legitimate in the eyes of stakeholders. She also examines both "impact panels, " in which offenders, residents, and business owners meet to discuss how quality-of-life crimes negatively impact the neighborhood, as well as strategic neighborhood outreach efforts to update residents on cases and gauge their concerns.Zozula's nuanced investigation of community courts can lead us to a deeper understanding of punishment and rehabilitation and, by extension, the current state of the American court system.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction PART ONE - IS COURT A SERVICE OR A PLACE?
• 1: Why courts matter
• 2: The case for change
• 3: Advances in technology
• 4: Outcome-thinking
• 5: Physical, virtual, online
• 6: Access to justice and law
• 7: Justice according to the law
• 8: Tackling injustice PART TWO - ARCHITECTURE
• 9: The vision
• 10: Framework
• 11: Online guidance
• 12: Assisted argument
• 13: Dissolving not resolving
• 14: Online judging
• 15: Beyond civil
• 16: Law and Code
• 17: Case studies PART THREE - THE CASE AGAINST
• 18: On objecting
• 19: Economy-class courts
• 20: Transparency
• 21: A fair trial
• 22: Digital exclusion
• 23: Encouraging litigiousness
• 24: A jurisprudential miscellany
• 25: Public sector technology PART FOUR - THE FUTURE
• 26: The global challenge
• 27: Telepresence, augmented and virtual reality
• 28: Advanced online dispute resolution
• 29: Artificial intelligence
• 30: The computer judge Conclusion Appendix - critical success factors Further Reading.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Online Courts and the Future of Justice, Richard Susskind, the world's most cited author on the future of legal services, shows how litigation will be transformed by technology and proposes a solution to the global access-to-justice problem. In most advanced legal systems, the resolution of civil disputes takes too long, costs too much, and the process is not just antiquated; it is unintelligible to ordinary mortals. The courts of some jurisdictions are labouring under staggering backlogs - 100 million cases in Brazil, 30 million in India. More people in the world now have internet access than access to justice. Drawing on almost 40 years in the fields of legal technology and jurisprudence, Susskind shows how we can use the remarkable reach of the internet (more than half of humanity is now online) to help people understand and enforce their legal rights. Online courts provide 'online judging' - the determination of cases by human judges but not in physical courtrooms. Instead, evidence and arguments are submitted through online platforms through which judges also deliver their decisions. Online courts also use technology to enable courts to deliver more than judicial decisions. These 'extended courts' provide tools to help users understand relevant law and available options, and to formulate arguments and assemble evidence. They offer non-judicial settlements such as negotiation and early neutral evaluation, not as an alternative to the public court system but as part of it. A pioneer of online courts, Susskind maintains that they will displace much conventional litigation. He rigorously assesses the benefits and drawbacks, and looks ahead, predicting how AI, machine learning, and virtual reality will likely come to dominate court service.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)