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• Cover
• Half-title
• Series information
• Title page
• Copyright information
• Epigraph
• Contents
• Acknowledgements
• List of Abbreviations and Russian Terms
• Introduction: The Communist Party in Leninist Theory, Soviet Practice and Historical Scholarship
• I.1 Methodological Leninism: Studying the Communist Rank-and-File
• 1 Building a Workers' Party
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 The Tenth Party Congress: Challenges and Responses
• 1.3 Party Building and the Formation of Grassroots Institutions
• 1.4 Party Democracy and the Left Opposition
• 1.5 Conclusion

• 2 Which Way to Socialism?: NEP and the Struggle for Power
• 2.1 Ambiguous Recovery
• 2.2 The Zinoviev Opposition: A Leningrad Mutiny
• 2.3 Rejuvenating the Party Organisation
• 2.4 Testing the Organisation
• 2.5 Conclusion
• 3 Laying the Foundations: The Rank-and-File and Rapid Industrialisation
• 3.1 The First FYP in Soviet Industry
• 3.2 Party Activism and Managerial Authority on the Factory Floor
• 3.3 No Right Deviation
• 3.4 Edinonachalie and Bacchanalian Counter-Planning
• 3.5 Conclusion
• 4 Marxism and Clean Canteens: Cultural Activism between Ideology and Practice

• 4.1 An Attempt at Cultural Revolution
• 4.2 Not So Great a Retreat
• 4.3 Conclusion
• 5 Democratisation and Repression
• 5.1 Management and Labour in the Second FYP
• 5.2 Another Purge
• 5.3 Vigilance and Verification
• 5.4 Party Revival, State Violence
• 5.5 Conclusion
• 6 Party Activism on the Road to War
• 6.1 Democratisation, Party Building and the Winding Down of Repression
• 6.2 The Eighteenth Congress and New Party Rules
• 6.3 Discipline, Control and Edinonachalie in the Third FYP
• 6.4 Conclusion

• Conclusion: The Vanguard Concept As a Promising Category for Historical Research
• Bibliography
• Archival Collections (Fondy)
• Published Sources and Secondary Literature
• Index

"By placing the party grassroots at the centre of its focus, Building Socialism presents an original account of the formative first two decades of the Soviet system. Assembled in a large network of primary party organisations (PPO), the Bolshevik rank-and-file was an army of activists made up of ordinary people. While far removed from the levers of power, they were nevertheless charged with promoting the Party's programme of revolutionary social transformation in their workplaces, neighbourhoods, and households. Their regular meetings, conferences and campaigns have generated a voluminous source base. This rich material provides a unique view of the practical manifestation of the Party's revolutionary mission and forms the basis of this insightful new narrative of how the Soviet republic functioned in the period from the end of the Russian Civil War in 1921 to its invasion by Nazi Germany in 1941"-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction: Households and historiographies
• The "Soviet" things of postsocialism
• Gleaning for the common good
• Songs of Stalin and Khrushchev
• Chuvstvo khoziaina: The feeling of being an owner

"This book tells a radically new story of how the Soviet system functioned and why it failed. Mediating between today's popular narratives of "Soviet times" and the ownership categories of Soviet civil law, it shows the Soviet Union as an explicitly illiberal modern project, reliant in theory and fact on collectivist ethics"-- Provided by publisher

"Historical and Cultural Transformations of Russian Childhood is a collection of multidisciplinary scholarly essays on childhood experience. The volume offers new critical approaches to Russian and Soviet childhood at the intersection of philosophy, literary criticism, film/visual studies, and history. Pedagogical ideas and practices, and the ideological and political underpinnings of the experience of growing up in pre-revolutionary Russia, the Soviet Union, and Putin's contemporary Russia are central venues of analysis. Toward the goal of constructing the "multimedial childhood text," the contributors tackle issues of happiness and trauma associated with childhood and foreground its fluidity and instability in the Russian context. The volume further examines practices of reading childhood: as nostalgic text, documentary evidence, and historic mythology. Considering Russian childhood as historical documentation or fictional narrative, as an object of material culture, and as embodied in different media (periodicals, visual culture, and cinema), the volume intends to both problematize but also elucidate the relationship between childhood, history, and various modes of narrativity"-- Provided by publisher

• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: the ruble's stories
• Assignats: from paper substitutes to paper money
• Autocracy or representation? the political philosophy of money in the age of Napoleon and after
• The end of Assignats
• Paper money in the era of the "great reforms"
• Ruble's wars
• Witte's rollercoaster
• The autocratic standard
• Practicing the gold standard
• The gold syndrome
• War and the end of the gold ruble
• A revolution that did not happen
• Epilogue: The ruble that cannot be spent
• Appendix
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

"The Ruble is a political history of Russian money from Catherine the Great to Vladimir Lenin. It traces the evolution of the Russian state and society through the analysis of monetary reforms. The Ruble argues that currency constituted an important element of Russian political organization - first, autocratic, and then socialist, while monetary reforms were considered as the means of enabling or preventing political transformations. The Ruble shows how politics affected finance and explains why Russia's financial system remained unstable for many decades. Russian imperial government considered certain financial models, such as the independence of the bank of issue, to be incompatible with the principles of autocratic monarchy. The ruble represented a projection of monarchal power and a tool of imperial expansion. Russian government used emission to finance imperial wars and prioritized geopolitical successes over economic development. Russia was the last European empire to join the gold standard system, and the gold ruble differed from other gold-based currencies of the world. The Ruble analyzes the phenomena of the "autocratic" and "Soviet" gold standards and argues that the gold-based ruble differed from other currencies of the gold-standard system. Despite the preponderance of the conservative trend in monetary policy, Russian economists, liberal politicians and intellectuals argued for a radical reform of Russian money and wanted to liberate the ruble from the tutelage of the state. From Catherine the Great's reform until the 1920s, the ruble remained an object of many political programs, utopian projects, and economic ideologies"-- Provided by publisher

• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: the ruble's stories
• Assignats: from paper substitutes to paper money
• Autocracy or representation? the political philosophy of money in the age of Napoleon and after
• The end of Assignats
• Paper money in the era of the "great reforms"
• Ruble's wars
• Witte's rollercoaster
• The autocratic standard
• Practicing the gold standard
• The gold syndrome
• War and the end of the gold ruble
• A revolution that did not happen
• Epilogue: The ruble that cannot be spent
• Appendix
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: the ruble's stories
• Assignats: from paper substitutes to paper money
• Autocracy or representation? the political philosophy of money in the age of Napoleon and after
• The end of Assignats
• Paper money in the era of the "great reforms"
• Ruble's wars
• Witte's rollercoaster
• The autocratic standard
• Practicing the gold standard
• The gold syndrome
• War and the end of the gold ruble
• A revolution that did not happen
• Epilogue: The ruble that cannot be spent
• Appendix
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

"The Ruble is a political history of Russian money from Catherine the Great to Vladimir Lenin. It traces the evolution of the Russian state and society through the analysis of monetary reforms. The Ruble argues that currency constituted an important element of Russian political organization - first, autocratic, and then socialist, while monetary reforms were considered as the means of enabling or preventing political transformations. The Ruble shows how politics affected finance and explains why Russia's financial system remained unstable for many decades. Russian imperial government considered certain financial models, such as the independence of the bank of issue, to be incompatible with the principles of autocratic monarchy. The ruble represented a projection of monarchal power and a tool of imperial expansion. Russian government used emission to finance imperial wars and prioritized geopolitical successes over economic development. Russia was the last European empire to join the gold standard system, and the gold ruble differed from other gold-based currencies of the world. The Ruble analyzes the phenomena of the "autocratic" and "Soviet" gold standards and argues that the gold-based ruble differed from other currencies of the gold-standard system. Despite the preponderance of the conservative trend in monetary policy, Russian economists, liberal politicians and intellectuals argued for a radical reform of Russian money and wanted to liberate the ruble from the tutelage of the state. From Catherine the Great's reform until the 1920s, the ruble remained an object of many political programs, utopian projects, and economic ideologies"-- Provided by publisher

"Highlights the importance of the Soviet Union and the socialist world in shaping the rise of the international political economy we know today. Sanchez-Sibony documents how the Soviets succeeded in helping bring about financialization and international market practices in Europe"-- Provided by publisher.

• Soviet Afro-Asian solidarity at Tashkent : setting up the stage
• Tashkent
• Tashkent 1972-
• Tashkent festival critical discourses
• The woman question at Tashkent and world socialist (women's) cinema
• World cinema of socialist industrial modernity
• Cultural heritage in world socialist cinema
• World socialist cinema of armed struggle

"World Socialist Cinema: Alliances, Affinities and Solidarities reconstructs the trajectories of international film circulation between the Soviet Bloc and the countries of the Global South in the mid- to late Twentieth Century. The book takes as its focal point the Tashkent International Festival of Cinemas of Asia, Africa and Latin America that took place in Uzbekistan (USSR) throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Centering on the vast body of cinematic work from the three continents screened at the festival and paying particular attention to the internal tensions and gender dynamics within it, the book proposes world socialist cinema as a distinct formation, providing an alternative to Euro-centric and/or national and regional narratives of film history: an international socialist cinema as seen from the vantage point of the Global South"-- Provided by publisher

• A Farewell to Arms
• Brave New World
• First Contact
• The Heart of the Matter
• Things Fall Apart
• The End of the Affair

Arrested Development examines the USSR's involvement in West Africa during the 1950s and 1960s as aid donor, trade partner, and political inspiration for the first post-independence governments in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali. Buoyed by solid economic performance in the 1950s, the USSR opened itself up to the world and launched a series of programs aimed at supporting the search for economic development in newly independent countries in Africa and Asia. These countries, emerging from decades of colonial domination, looked at the USSR as an example to strengthen political and economic independence. Based on extensive research in Russian and West African archives, Alessandro Iandolo explores the ideas that guided Soviet engagement in West Africa, investigates the projects that the USSR sponsored "on the ground, " and analyzes their implementation and legacy. The Soviet specialists who worked in Ghana, Guinea, and Mali collaborated with West African colleagues in drawing ambitious development plans, supervised the construction of new transport infrastructure, organized collective farms and fishing cooperatives, conducted geological surveys and mineral prospecting, set up banking systems, managed international trade, and staffed repairs workshops and ministerial bureaucracies alike. The exchanges and clashes born out of the encounter between Soviet and West African ideas, ambitions, and hopes about development reveal the USSR as a central actor in the history of economic development in the twentieth century.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Setting the table
• Governance, or, how to solve the grain problem?
• Production
• Consumption, or, the Perestroika of the quotidian
• Nature
• Conclusion: Vulnerabilities.

• List of Illustrations Introduction: Setting the Table 1. Governance
• or, How to Solve the Grain Problem? 2. Production 3. Consumption
• or, The Perestroika of the Quotidian 4. Nature Conclusion: Vulnerabilities Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Like all facets of daily life, the food that Russian farms grew and citizens ate-or, in some years, didn't eat-underwent radical shifts in the century between the Bolshevik Revolution and Putin's presidency. The modernization of agriculture during this time is usually understood in terms of advances in farming methods. Susanne A. Wengle's important interdisciplinary history of Russia's agriculture and food systems documents far-reaching changes on farms, along with their effects on ordinary people and for successive political regimes. Wengle argues that we need to focus on the political actors who employed and favored particular agrotechnologies to provide "the good life" for citizens. Each of the large-scale rural reforms was rooted as much in political ambitions as in the need to increase crop and meat yields. Attempts to create the conditions of abundance relied heavily on top-down programs that nearly always had unexpected, and occasionally devastating, outcomes. Bringing together a narrative on governance, production, consumption, nature, and the ensuing vulnerabilities of the agri-food system, Wengle reveals the intended and unintended consequences of Russian agricultural policies since 1917. Ultimately, Black Earth, White Bread is a call for attention to states' reliance on specific technologies to illuminate transformations in food systems everywhere. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Cold War Radio is an overview of Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and how the United States waged the Cold War through international broadcasting.

"Cold War Radio is a concise look at the history of Voice of America and Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty and their impact on the Soviet Union during the Cold War"-- Provided by publisher.

"This volume examines failed attempts at modernizing the communist economy by means of optimal planning. It traces the rise and fall of the concept in Eastern Europe and China, explaining why the mission of optimization was doomed to fail and why it may nevertheless be relaunched today"-- Provided by publisher

• 1. Theorizing post-revolutionary social resilience
• 2. From imperial estates to estatist society
• 3. Mapping society and the public sphere in imperial Russia
• 4. The professions in the making of estatist society
• 5. Education, socialization, and social structure
• 6. Market values and the economy of survival
• 7. Family matters: looking back - and forward - in time
• 8. Society in space
• 9. The two-pronged middle class: implications for democracy across time and in space
• 10. The bourgeoisie in communist states: Comparative insights charting a comparative foreword
• Afterword
• Supplementary appendices: A. Archival sources
• B. The 1897 census
• C. District matching
• D. Interview questionnaire
• E. Illustrative Genealogies.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A devastating challenge to the idea of communism as a 'great leveller', this extraordinarily original, rigorous, and ambitious book debunks Marxism-inspired accounts of its equalitarian consequences. It is the first study systematically to link the genesis of the 'bourgeoisie-cum-middle class' - Imperial, Soviet, and post-communist - to Tzarist estate institutions which distinguished between nobility, clergy, the urban merchants and meshchane, and peasants. It demonstrates how the pre-communist bourgeoisie, particularly the merchant and urban commercial strata but also the high human capital aristocracy and clergy, survived and adapted in Soviet Russia. Under both Tzarism and communism, the estate system engendered an educated, autonomous bourgeoisie and professional class, along with an oppositional public sphere, and persistent social cleavages that continue to plague democratic consensus. This book also shows how the middle class, conventionally bracketed under one generic umbrella, is often two-pronged in nature - one originating among the educated estates of feudal orders, and the other fabricated as part of state-induced modernization.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : Gulag studies since the archival revolution / Alan Barenberg and Emily D. Johnson.
• part I. Identities. Religious identity, practice, and hierarchy at the Solovetskii Camp of Forced Labor of Special Significance / Jeffrey S. Hardy
• Censoring the mail in Stalin's multiethnic penal system : the use of languages other than Russian in Soviet inmate correspondence / Emily D. Johnson
• "Who are you in life?" : the Gulag reputation system and its legacies today / Gavin Slade
• The real Gulag : commentary on the "Identities" section / Lynne Viola.
• part II. Sources. "They won't survive for long" : Soviet officials on medical release procedure / Mikhail Nakonechnyi
• Applying digital methods to forced labor history : German POWs during and after the Second World War / Susan Grunewald
• Framing Gulag memoirs : a distant reading / Sarah J. Young
• Researching the Gulag in the era of "big data" : commentary on the "Sources" section / Judith Pallot.
• part III. Legacies. The role of nature in Gulag poetry : Shalamov and Zabolotsky / Josephine von Zitzewitz
• "I would very much like to read your story about Kolyma" : Georgii Demidov, Varlam Shalamov, and the development of Gulag prose, 1965-67 / Alan Barenberg
• The necropolis of the Gulag as a hsitorical-cultural object : an overview and explication of the problem / Irina Flige, translated by Joseph von Zitzewitz
• Sites and sounds of the camps : commentary on the "Legacies" section / Alexander Etkind.
• Afterword / Alan Barenberg and Emily D. Johnson

The Soviet Gulag was one of the largest, most complex, and deadliest systems of incarceration in the 20th century. What lessons can we learn from its network of labor camps and prisons and exile settlements, which stretched across vast geographic expanses, included varied institutions, and brought together inmates from all the Soviet Union's ethnicities, professions, and social classes? Drawing on a massive body of documentary evidence, Rethinking the Gulag: Identities, Sources, Legacies explores the Soviet penal system from various disciplinary perspectives. Divided into three sections, the collection first considers "identities"-the lived experiences of contingents of detainees who have rarely figured in Gulag histories to date, such as common criminals and clerics. The second section surveys "sources" to explore the ways new research methods can revolutionize our understanding of the system. The third section studies "legacies" to reveal the aftermath of the Gulag, including the folk beliefs and traditions it has inspired and the museums built to memorialize it. While all the chapters respond to one another, each section also concludes with a reaction by a leading researcher: geographer Judith Pallot, historian Lynne Viola, and cultural historian and literary scholar Alexander Etkind. Moving away from grand metaphorical or theoretical models, Rethinking the Gulag instead unearths the complexities and nuances of experience that represent a primary focus in the new wave of Gulag studies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements
• Foreword
• Introduction
• Prelude: My Road to Radio Liberty (amabile)
• First Movement (1965-1970): Early Years of Audience Research (andante)
• Second Movement (1970-1980): First Steps in Audience Interviewing (accelerato)
• Photo section.
• Third Movement (1981-1985): Audience Research Breaks New Ground (sforzando)
• Fourth Movement (1986-1990): Perestroika Changes the Game (fuocoso)
• Fifth Movement (1991-1994): The Post-Soviet Transition (vittorioso, capriccioso, lamentoso)
• Postlude: Past Successes and the Road Ahead (coda)
• Appendix 1: Charts and Graphs referenced in text
• Appendix 2: Vignettes: Max Ralis, Helmut Aigner, Christopher Geleklidis, Steen Sauerberg, Andrei Nazarov, Ivan Myhul, Viktor Nekrasov, Andrei Sinyavsky, Aleksandr Galich, Victor Grayevsky, Vladimir Shlapentokh, Boris Grushin, Yuri Levada, Irina Alberti
• Appendix 3: Methodologies. MIT Simulation. Contribution of Ithiel de Sola Pool
• Appendix 4: Excerpts from Questionnaires, BALEs, BGRs
• Appendix 5: Subsequent careers of SAAOR/MOR Staffers
• Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Western democracy is currently under attack by a resurgent Russia, weaponizing new technologies and social media. How to respond? During the Cold War, the West fought off similar Soviet propaganda assaults with shortwave radio broadcasts. Founded in 1949, the US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty broadcast uncensored information to the Soviet republics in their own languages. About one-third of Soviet urban adults listened to Western radio. The broadcasts played a key role in ending the Cold War and eroding the communist empire. R. Eugene Parta was for many years the director of Soviet Area Audience Research at RFE/RL, charged among others with gathering listener feedback. In this book he relates a remarkable Cold War operation to assess the impact of Western radio broadcasts on Soviet listeners by using a novel survey research approach. Given the impossibility of interviewing Soviet citizens in their own country, it pioneered audacious interview methods in order to fly under the radar and talk to Soviets traveling abroad, ultimately creating a database of 51,000 interviews which offered unparalleled insights into the media habits and mindset of the Soviet public. By recounting how the "impossible" mission was carried out, Under the Radar also shows how the lessons of the past can help counter the threat from a once and current adversary.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine generated contents note: Acknowledgements
• Foreword
• Introduction
• Prelude: My Road to Radio Liberty (amabile)
• First Movement (1965-1970): Early Years of Audience Research (andante)
• Second Movement (1970-1980): First Steps in Audience Interviewing (accelerato)
• Photo section.
• Third Movement (1981-1985): Audience Research Breaks New Ground (sforzando)
• Fourth Movement (1986-1990): Perestroika Changes the Game (fuocoso)
• Fifth Movement (1991-1994): The Post-Soviet Transition (vittorioso, capriccioso, lamentoso)
• Postlude: Past Successes and the Road Ahead (coda)
• Appendix 1: Charts and Graphs referenced in text
• Appendix 2: Vignettes: Max Ralis, Helmut Aigner, Christopher Geleklidis, Steen Sauerberg, Andrei Nazarov, Ivan Myhul, Viktor Nekrasov, Andrei Sinyavsky, Aleksandr Galich, Victor Grayevsky, Vladimir Shlapentokh, Boris Grushin, Yuri Levada, Irina Alberti
• Appendix 3: Methodologies. MIT Simulation. Contribution of Ithiel de Sola Pool
• Appendix 4: Excerpts from Questionnaires, BALEs, BGRs
• Appendix 5: Subsequent careers of SAAOR/MOR Staffers
• Bibliography
• Index.

"Western democracy is currently under attack by a resurgent Russia, weaponizing new technologies and social media. How to respond? During the Cold War, the West fought off similar Soviet propaganda assaults with shortwave radio broadcasts. Founded in 1949, the US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty broadcast uncensored information to the Soviet republics in their own languages. About one-third of Soviet urban adults listened to Western radio. The broadcasts played a key role in ending the Cold War and eroding the communist empire. R. Eugene Parta was for many years the director of Soviet Area Audience Research at RFE/RL, charged among others with gathering listener feedback. In this book he relates a remarkable Cold War operation to assess the impact of Western radio broadcasts on Soviet listeners by using a novel survey research approach. Given the impossibility of interviewing Soviet citizens in their own country, it pioneered audacious interview methods in order to fly under the radar and talk to Soviets traveling abroad, ultimately creating a database of 51,000 interviews which offered unparalleled insights into the media habits and mindset of the Soviet public. By recounting how the "impossible" mission was carried out, Under the Radar also shows how the lessons of the past can help counter the threat from a once and current adversary"-- Provided by publisher.

• Part 1: Hope and hubris, 1983-90
• Perestroika
• Release
• Revolutions
• Separatism
• Crossroads
• Leviathan
• Part 2: Decline and downfall, 1991
• Standoff
• Devolution
• Consensus
• Conspiracy
• Junta
• Demise
• Cacophony
• Independence
• Liquidation

A major study of the collapse of the Soviet Union-showing how Gorbachev's misguided reforms led to its demise "A deeply informed account of how the Soviet Union fell apart."-Rodric Braithwaite, Financial Times "[A] masterly analysis."-Joshua Rubenstein, Wall Street Journal In 1945 the Soviet Union controlled half of Europe and was a founding member of the United Nations. By 1991, it had an army four-million strong, five-thousand nuclear-tipped missiles, and was the second biggest producer of oil in the world. But soon afterward the union sank into an economic crisis and was torn apart by nationalist separatism. Its collapse was one of the seismic shifts of the twentieth century. Thirty years on, Vladislav Zubok offers a major reinterpretation of the final years of the USSR, refuting the notion that the breakup of the Soviet order was inevitable. Instead, Zubok reveals how Gorbachev's misguided reforms, intended to modernize and democratize the Soviet Union, deprived the government of resources and empowered separatism. Collapse sheds new light on Russian democratic populism, the Baltic struggle for independence, the crisis of Soviet finances-and the fragility of authoritarian state power.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: A puzzle
• Perestroika
• Release
• Revolutions
• Separatism
• Crossroads
• Leviathan
• Standoff
• Devolution
• Consensus
• Conspiracy
• Junta
• Demise
• Cacophony
• Independence
• Liquidation
• Conclusion

A major study of the collapse of the Soviet Union-showing how Gorbachev's misguided reforms led to its demise "A deeply informed account of how the Soviet Union fell apart."-Rodric Braithwaite, Financial Times "[A] masterly analysis."-Joshua Rubenstein, Wall Street Journal In 1945 the Soviet Union controlled half of Europe and was a founding member of the United Nations. By 1991, it had an army four-million strong, five-thousand nuclear-tipped missiles, and was the second biggest producer of oil in the world. But soon afterward the union sank into an economic crisis and was torn apart by nationalist separatism. Its collapse was one of the seismic shifts of the twentieth century. Thirty years on, Vladislav Zubok offers a major reinterpretation of the final years of the USSR, refuting the notion that the breakup of the Soviet order was inevitable. Instead, Zubok reveals how Gorbachev's misguided reforms, intended to modernize and democratize the Soviet Union, deprived the government of resources and empowered separatism. Collapse sheds new light on Russian democratic populism, the Baltic struggle for independence, the crisis of Soviet finances-and the fragility of authoritarian state power.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Part I: Short course in the History of the Soviet Hippie Movement and Its Sistema
• 1: Origins
• 2: Consolidation
• 3: Maturity
• 4: Ritualization Part II: How Soviet Hippies and Late Socialism Made Each Other
• 5: Ideology
• 6: Kaif
• 7: Materiality
• 8: Madness
• 9: Gerla Epilogue.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Flowers through Concrete: Explorations in Soviet Hippieland takes the reader on a journey into the lives and thoughts of Soviet hippies. In the face of disapproval and repression, they created a version of Western counterculture, skillfully adapting to, manipulating, and shaping their late socialist environment. Flowers through Concrete takes its readers into the underground hippieland and beyond, situating the world of hippies firmly in late Soviet reality and offering both an unusual history of the last Soviet decades as well as a case study of transnational youth culture and East-West globalization. Flowers through Concrete is based on over a hundred interviews, declassified documents, and private archives hidden for many decades. It tells the almost forgotten story of how hippie communities sprang up across the Soviet Union in the late-60s, often under the tutelage of the rebellious offspring of privileged households at the heart of the Soviet establishment. It charts how these communities linked up to create an impressive network with elaborate customs and rituals, ensuring its survival for more than two decades. Flowers through Concrete recounts not only a compelling story of survival against the odds - hippies who were harassed by police, shorn of their hair by civilian guards, and confined in psychiatric hospitals by doctors who believed non-conformism was a symptom of schizophrenia - but also advances a surprising argument. It suggests that the land of Soviet hippies and the world of late socialism were not entirely incompatible, but in fact meshed surprisingly well. Ultimately, it was not the KGB but the arrival of capitalism in the 1990s that ended the Soviet hippie sistema.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Part I: Short course in the History of the Soviet Hippie Movement and Its Sistema
• 1: Origins
• 2: Consolidation
• 3: Maturity
• 4: Ritualization Part II: How Soviet Hippies and Late Socialism Made Each Other
• 5: Ideology
• 6: Kaif
• 7: Materiality
• 8: Madness
• 9: Gerla Epilogue.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Flowers through Concrete: Explorations in Soviet Hippieland takes the reader on a journey into the lives and thoughts of Soviet hippies. In the face of disapproval and repression, they created a version of Western counterculture, skillfully adapting to, manipulating, and shaping their late socialist environment. Flowers through Concrete takes its readers into the underground hippieland and beyond, situating the world of hippies firmly in late Soviet reality and offering both an unusual history of the last Soviet decades as well as a case study of transnational youth culture and East-West globalization. Flowers through Concrete is based on over a hundred interviews, declassified documents, and private archives hidden for many decades. It tells the almost forgotten story of how hippie communities sprang up across the Soviet Union in the late-60s, often under the tutelage of the rebellious offspring of privileged households at the heart of the Soviet establishment. It charts how these communities linked up to create an impressive network with elaborate customs and rituals, ensuring its survival for more than two decades. Flowers through Concrete recounts not only a compelling story of survival against the odds - hippies who were harassed by police, shorn of their hair by civilian guards, and confined in psychiatric hospitals by doctors who believed non-conformism was a symptom of schizophrenia - but also advances a surprising argument. It suggests that the land of Soviet hippies and the world of late socialism were not entirely incompatible, but in fact meshed surprisingly well. Ultimately, it was not the KGB but the arrival of capitalism in the 1990s that ended the Soviet hippie sistema.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: The ruble and Soviet prosperity
• Our low-price guarantee
• Income redistribution without "levelling"
• Socialist security
• All your wages in hand
• Real returns

A new history shows that, despite Marxism's rejection of money, the ruble was critical to the Soviet Union's promise of shared prosperity for its citizens. In spite of Karl Marx's proclamation that money would become obsolete under Communism, the ruble remained a key feature of Soviet life. In fact, although Western economists typically concluded that money ultimately played a limited role in the Soviet Union, Kristy Ironside argues that money was both more important and more powerful than most histories have recognized. After the Second World War, money was resurrected as an essential tool of Soviet governance. Certainly, its importance was not lost on Soviet leaders, despite official Communist Party dogma. Money, Ironside demonstrates, mediated the relationship between the Soviet state and its citizens and was at the center of both the government's and the people's visions for the maturing Communist project. A strong ruble-one that held real value in workers' hands and served as an effective labor incentive-was seen as essential to the economic growth that would rebuild society and realize Communism's promised future of abundance. Ironside shows how Soviet citizens turned to the state to remedy the damage that the ravages of the Second World War had inflicted upon their household economies. From the late 1940s through the early 1960s, progress toward Communism was increasingly measured by the health of its citizens' personal finances, such as greater purchasing power, higher wages, better pensions, and growing savings. However, the increasing importance of money in Soviet life did not necessarily correlate to improved living standards for Soviet citizens. The Soviet government's achievements in "raising the people's material welfare" continued to lag behind the West's advances during a period of unprecedented affluence. These factors combined to undermine popular support for Soviet power and confidence in the Communist project.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Education and the Cold war as an ideological struggle: the ideological battle for African student's mind late 1950's to 1960s
• Facets of anti-communism in South Africa
• The Cold war and the United States of America's anti-communist policy and propaganda in Southern Africa: the emergence and consolidation of race and racism as a foreign policy instruments
• The Afrikaner nationalists' struggle against communism : from an ideological battle of ideas to military action in Angola during the 1970s
• Cuito Cuanavale: the linkage question and geopolitics of war and peace in Southern Africa
• Anti- communism, factionalism and ideological battles between the African National Congress, 'the gang of eight' (African Nationalists) and the South African Communists Party
• From a united front to a disunited front: the Pan Africanists Congress's anti-communists propaganda against the African National Congress and South African Communist Party

"The year 2021 is the centenary of the South African Communists Party. In 1961 the SACP underground marked its 40th anniversary by distributing ten of thousands of copies of a leaflet whose content is systematically discussed in various chapter of the book. This leaflet pointed out that Communists stood out for the direct opposite what the anti-communists stood for. It did not matter whether these putrid anti-communists were representatives of the apartheid regime, National Party, African National Congress (Gang of eight), Pan Africanist Congress, western powers and US government. The 1961 leaflet, among other things boldly declared: The National Party cannot destroy or supress communism'; You can kill people-but you cannot kill ideas, least of all, noble and true ideas like communism."-- Back cover

This book examines the way homosexuality snaked through expert discourse in Soviet courts, prisons, science and education, helping us understand the history of sexuality in Russia and the USSR.

• Introduction 1 Homosexuality in the Soviet GULAG (1956-59) 2 Same-sex desire and sex education under Khrushchev (1956-64) 3 From sodomy to homosexuality: same-sex desire and the rise of Soviet sexopathology in the 1960s 4 Soviet legal and criminological debates on the decriminalisation of homosexuality (1959-75) 5 Between disease and crime: sexopathology and prison homosexuality (1970-80) Conclusion
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This ground-breaking book challenges the widespread view that sex and homosexuality were unmentionable in the USSR. The Khrushchev and Brezhnev eras (1956-82) have remained obscure and unexplored from this perspective. Drawing on previously undiscovered sources, Alexander fills in this critical gap. The book reveals that from 1956 to 1991, doctors, educators, jurists and police officers discussed homosexuality. At the heart of discussions were questions which directly affected the lives of homosexual people in the USSR. Was homosexuality a crime, disease or a normal variant of human sexuality? Should lesbianism be criminalised? Could sex education prevent homosexuality? What role did the GULAG and prisons play in homosexuality across the USSR? These discussions often had practical implications - doctors designed and offered medical treatments for homosexuality in hospitals, and procedures and medications were also used in prisons. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments Glossary Introduction
• Chapter One: The Patronymic of Her Choice: Nikita S. Khrushchev and Postwar Pronatalist Policy Chapter Two: Abortion Surveillance and Women's Medicine Chapter Three: Postwar Marriage and Divorce: The New Single Mother and Her.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Drawing on never before used archival materials, Replacing the Dead exposes the history of Soviet and Russian abortion policy. It is not unusual for nations recovering from wars to incentivize their populations to raise their birthrates. The post-World War II Soviet pronatalism campaign attempted this on an unprecedented scale, aiming to replace a lost population of 27 million. Why, then, did the USSR re-legalize abortion in 1955? Mie Nakachi uses previously hidden archival data to reveal that decisions made by Stalin and Khruschev under the rubric of 'family law' created a society of broken marriages, "fatherless" children, and abortions, each totaling in the tens of millions. The government reversed laws regarding paternal responsibility, thereby encouraging men to impregnate unmarried women and widows, and blocked available contraception, overriding the advice of the medical establishment. Some 8.7 million out-of-wedlock children were born between 1945 and 1955 alone. In the absence of serious commitment to supporting Soviet women who worked full-time, the policy did extensive damage to gender relations and the welfare of women and children. Women, famous cultural figures, and Soviet professionals initiated a movement to improve women's reproductive health and make all children equal. Because Soviet leaders did not allow any major reform, an abortion culture grew among Soviet women and spread throughout the Soviet sphere, including Eastern Europe and China. Based on groundbreaking research, Replacing the Dead traces how the idea of women's right to an abortion emerged from an authoritarian society decades before it did in the West and why it remains the dominant method of birth control in present-day Russia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments Glossary Introduction
• Chapter One: The Patronymic of Her Choice: Nikita S. Khrushchev and Postwar Pronatalist Policy Chapter Two: Abortion Surveillance and Women's Medicine Chapter Three: Postwar Marriage and Divorce: The New Single Mother and Her.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Drawing on never before used archival materials, Replacing the Dead exposes the history of Soviet and Russian abortion policy. It is not unusual for nations recovering from wars to incentivize their populations to raise their birthrates. The post-World War II Soviet pronatalism campaign attempted this on an unprecedented scale, aiming to replace a lost population of 27 million. Why, then, did the USSR re-legalize abortion in 1955? Mie Nakachi uses previously hidden archival data to reveal that decisions made by Stalin and Khruschev under the rubric of 'family law' created a society of broken marriages, "fatherless" children, and abortions, each totaling in the tens of millions. The government reversed laws regarding paternal responsibility, thereby encouraging men to impregnate unmarried women and widows, and blocked available contraception, overriding the advice of the medical establishment. Some 8.7 million out-of-wedlock children were born between 1945 and 1955 alone. In the absence of serious commitment to supporting Soviet women who worked full-time, the policy did extensive damage to gender relations and the welfare of women and children. Women, famous cultural figures, and Soviet professionals initiated a movement to improve women's reproductive health and make all children equal. Because Soviet leaders did not allow any major reform, an abortion culture grew among Soviet women and spread throughout the Soviet sphere, including Eastern Europe and China. Based on groundbreaking research, Replacing the Dead traces how the idea of women's right to an abortion emerged from an authoritarian society decades before it did in the West and why it remains the dominant method of birth control in present-day Russia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements List of Tables
• Introduction 1 Bringing in the Borderlands 2 Strategic Continuities and Ruptures 3 Method, Structure, Sources
• 1 The Social Context 1 The Workers' Movement 2 The Unique Impact of Orthodox Marxism 3 Socialist Political Cultures
• 2 Revolutionary Social Democracy: An Overview 1 The ABC s of Revolutionary Social Democracy 2 Strategy and Tactics in Germany and Russia
• 3 Intellectuals and Workers 1 Intellectuals and the Tensions of Class Formation 2 Intellectuals and Workers (1905-17)
• 4 Organisation, Mass Action, and Electoral Work 1 Socialist Organisation in Finland 2 Illegal Organising in Tsarist Russia 3 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split 4 The First Mass Strike Debates (1903-04) 5 Mass Action and Organisation in 1905 6 Party Organisation and Mass Action (1906-14) 7 War and Revolution 8 Mass Organisation and Action in Finland: 1917-18
• 5 Working-Class Hegemony 1 Analysing Liberalism 2 Tactics Towards Liberals 3 The Bund versus Zionism (1897-1904) 4 The PPS and the National Democrats Before 1905 5 Class Independence in Finland 6 Early Russian Marxism and Liberals 7 Working-Class Hegemony (1905-16) 8 Proletarian Hegemony and Liberals (1906-16)
• 6 Working-Class Unity 1 United Front Practices Before 1905 2 Workers' Unity and the 1905 Revolution 3 Implementing the United Front (1906-18) 4 Disunity in Europe and Poland
• 7 The Party Question 1 The German SPD Model 2 Finland's Social Democracy 3 The Normalcy of Splits in Underground Russia 4 The Split of Polish Socialism 5 The Bolshevik-Menshevik Split
• 8 Democracy, the State, and the Finnish Revolution 1 Critique of Bourgeois Democracy 2 The Socialist Revolution 3 The State and Revolution in Finland (1917-18)
• 9 The Autocratic State and Revolution: 1905 1 State Power and Marxist Strategy in 1905 2 The Practice of Revolutionary Government in 1905 3 Socialist Transformation in Russia 4 International Revolution
• 10 The State and Revolution in Russia, Ukraine, and Poland: 1917-19 1 Moderate Socialists and Dual Power in 1917 2 Moderates Join the Government 3 Russian Moderate Socialists in the October Revolution 4 Moderate Socialists in Ukraine: 1917-18 5 Moderate Socialism in Poland: 1918-19 6 Bolsheviks and State Power: February-March 1917 7 Breaking with the Bourgeoisie: April-October
• Epilogue: An International Revolution Defeated 1 Civil War and Authoritarianism 2 International Revolution 3 Impasse in the Imperial Periphery
• Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This groundbreaking comparative study rediscovers the socialists of Russia's borderlands, upending conventional interpretations of working-class politics and the Russian Revolution. Researched in eight languages, Revolutionary Social Democracy challenges long-held assumptions by scholars and activists about the dynamics of revolutionary change.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures Acknowledgements Introduction
• 1. Wings of Utopia
• 2. The New Person
• 3. The New City
• 4. The New State Selected Further Reading Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Mark D. Steinberg explores the work of individuals he recognizes as utopians during the most dramatic period in Russian and Soviet history. It has long been a cliche to argue that Russian revolutionary movements have been inspired by varieties of 'utopian dreaming' - claims which, although not wrong, are too often used uncritically. For the first time, Russian Utopian digs deeper and asks what utopians meant at the level of ideas, emotions, and lived experience. Despite the fact that many would have resisted the 'utopian' label at the time because of its dismissive meanings, Steinberg's comprehensive approach sees him take in political leaders, intellectuals, writers, and artists (visual, material, and musical), as well as workers, peasants, soldiers, students and others. Ideologically, the figures discussed range from reactionaries to anarchists, nationalists (including non-Russians) to feminists, both religious believers and 'the militant godless'. This innovative text dissects the very notion of the Russian utopian and examines its significance in its various fascinating contexts.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: An Accidental Finding Part I: Small Bureau to Trade Empire 1. The Birth of Torgsin 2. A Golden Idea 3. The Torgsin Empire 4. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Political Commissar 5. Why Did Stalin Need Torgsin? Part II: People's Treasures 6. Gold 7. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Intelligence Agent 8. Silver 9. Diamonds and Platinum 10. Send Dollars to Torgsin! Part III: Everyday Life in Torgsin 11. What's for Sale? 12. The Patrons 13. Prices 14. Soviet Brothels 15. Torgsin and the Political Police 16. The Seller Is Always Right Part IV: Torgsin's Swan Song 17. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Socialist Revolutionary 18. Twilight 19. The Sorcerer's Stone: The Alchemy of Soviet Industrialization Instead of a Conclusion: The Paradoxes of Torgsin
• Cornell University Press.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Stalin's Quest for Gold tells the story of Torgsin, a chain of retail shops established in 1930 with the aim of raising the hard currency needed to finance the USSR's ambitious industrialization program. At a time of desperate scarcity, Torgsin had access to the country's best foodstuffs and goods. Initially, only foreigners were allowed to shop in Torgsin, but the acute demand for hard-currency revenues forced Stalin to open Torgsin to Soviet citizens who could exchange tsarist gold coins and objects made of precious metals and gemstones, as well as foreign monies, for foods and goods in its shops. Through her analysis of the large-scale, state-run entrepreneurship represented by Torgsin, Elena Osokina highlights the complexity and contradictions of Stalinism. Driven by the state's hunger for gold and the people's starvation, Torgsin rejected Marxist postulates of the socialist political economy: the notorious class approach and the state hard-currency monopoly. In its pursuit for gold, Torgsin advertised in the capitalist West, encouraging foreigners to purchase goods for their relatives in the USSR; and its seaport shops and restaurants operated semilegally as brothels, inducing foreign sailors to spend hard currency for Soviet industrialization. Examining Torgsin from multiple perspectives-economic expediency, state and police surveillance, consumerism, even interior design and personnel-Stalin's Quest for Gold radically transforms the stereotypical view of the Soviet economy and enriches our understanding of everyday life in Stalin's Russia. -- Cornell University Press.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: An Accidental Finding Part I: Small Bureau to Trade Empire 1. The Birth of Torgsin 2. A Golden Idea 3. The Torgsin Empire 4. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Political Commissar 5. Why Did Stalin Need Torgsin? Part II: People's Treasures 6. Gold 7. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Intelligence Agent 8. Silver 9. Diamonds and Platinum 10. Send Dollars to Torgsin! Part III: Everyday Life in Torgsin 11. What's for Sale? 12. The Patrons 13. Prices 14. Soviet Brothels 15. Torgsin and the Political Police 16. The Seller Is Always Right Part IV: Torgsin's Swan Song 17. The Red Directors of Torgsin: The Socialist Revolutionary 18. Twilight 19. The Sorcerer's Stone: The Alchemy of Soviet Industrialization Instead of a Conclusion: The Paradoxes of Torgsin
• Cornell University Press.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Stalin's Quest for Gold tells the story of Torgsin, a chain of retail shops established in 1930 with the aim of raising the hard currency needed to finance the USSR's ambitious industrialization program. At a time of desperate scarcity, Torgsin had access to the country's best foodstuffs and goods. Initially, only foreigners were allowed to shop in Torgsin, but the acute demand for hard-currency revenues forced Stalin to open Torgsin to Soviet citizens who could exchange tsarist gold coins and objects made of precious metals and gemstones, as well as foreign monies, for foods and goods in its shops. Through her analysis of the large-scale, state-run entrepreneurship represented by Torgsin, Elena Osokina highlights the complexity and contradictions of Stalinism. Driven by the state's hunger for gold and the people's starvation, Torgsin rejected Marxist postulates of the socialist political economy: the notorious class approach and the state hard-currency monopoly. In its pursuit for gold, Torgsin advertised in the capitalist West, encouraging foreigners to purchase goods for their relatives in the USSR; and its seaport shops and restaurants operated semilegally as brothels, inducing foreign sailors to spend hard currency for Soviet industrialization. Examining Torgsin from multiple perspectives-economic expediency, state and police surveillance, consumerism, even interior design and personnel-Stalin's Quest for Gold radically transforms the stereotypical view of the Soviet economy and enriches our understanding of everyday life in Stalin's Russia. -- Cornell University Press.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

On a sweltering June evening in 1937, American Juliet Stuart Poyntz left her boardinghouse in Manhattan and walked toward Central Park, three short blocks away. She was never seen or heard from again. Seven months passed before a formal missing person's report was made, since Poyntz worked for the Soviet Secret Police and her friends (many of whom were anti-Stalinist radicals in the United States) were scared to alert authorities. Her disappearance coincided with Josef Stalin's purges of his political enemies in the Soviet Union and it was feared that Poyntz was a casualty of Soviet brutality.In Where Is Juliet Stuart Poyntz?, Denise M. Lynn argues that Poyntz's sudden disappearance was the final straw for many on the American political left, who then abandoned Marxism and began to embrace anti-communism. In the years to follow, the left crafted narratives of her disappearance that became central to the Cold War. While scholars have thoroughly analyzed the influence of the political right in the anti-communism of this era, this captivating and compelling study is unique in exploring the influence of the political left.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover
• Title Page
• Copyright
• Dedication
• Contents
• Acknowledgments
• A Note on the Text
• Introduction
• Chapter One. The Family
• Chapter Two. The Communist
• Chapter Three. The Anarchist
• Chapter Four. The Intellectual and the Feds
• Chapter Five. The Witness
• Chapter Six. The Informers
• Chapter Seven. The Lady Spy
• Conclusion
• Notes
• Index
• Back Cover

On a sweltering June evening in 1937, American Juliet Stuart Poyntz left her boardinghouse in Manhattan and walked toward Central Park, three short blocks away. She was never seen or heard from again. Seven months passed before a formal missing person's report was made, since Poyntz worked for the Soviet Secret Police and her friends (many of whom were anti-Stalinist radicals in the United States) were scared to alert authorities. Her disappearance coincided with Josef Stalin's purges of his political enemies in the Soviet Union and it was feared that Poyntz was a casualty of Soviet brutality.In Where Is Juliet Stuart Poyntz?, Denise M. Lynn argues that Poyntz's sudden disappearance was the final straw for many on the American political left, who then abandoned Marxism and began to embrace anti-communism. In the years to follow, the left crafted narratives of her disappearance that became central to the Cold War. While scholars have thoroughly analyzed the influence of the political right in the anti-communism of this era, this captivating and compelling study is unique in exploring the influence of the political left.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"In Yesterday's Tomorrow, Adamczak responds to right-wing criticism in English of her first book, Communism for Kids, and critiques tendencies on the left to sidestep the dark history and the path that Communism ended up taking. She takes the reader through a series of 8 turning-points in the betrayal of communism, moving in reverse chronological order, from when the Soviet Russians deported anti-Fascists to Nazi Germany in 1939, and moving backwards from there: from the Terror of 1937-39 to the failure of the Left in Central Europe to stop the advent of National Socialism to Stalin's rise to power to Kronstadt. The essential question she asks here is: where did it all go wrong, and digs through one traumatic event after another, digging backward in an attempt to recover some reason for hope that can be utilized toward a future"-- Provided by publisher.

• Introduction
• Two worlds of gas
• The beginnings of the gas bridge
• From optimism to anxiety
• Norway and the rise of the North Sea
• Soviet gas: the last hurrah
• Crossing the Channel: the neoliberal tide reaches Brussels
• Brussels: marching to market
• The battle for Germany
• Gazprom survives and gets away
• Gazprom under pressure
• Russia and Ukraine: conflict and collusion
• Russian-German gas relations
• Battle joined, war averted
• Conclusion: The future of the gas bridge

A noted expert on Russian energy argues that despite Europe's geopolitical rivalries, natural gas and deals based on it unite Europe's nations in mutual self-interest. Three decades after the fall of the Berlin Wall and the breakup of the Soviet empire, the West faces a new era of East-West tensions. Any vision of a modern Russia integrated into the world economy and aligned in peaceful partnership with a reunited Europe has abruptly vanished. Two opposing narratives vie to explain the strategic future of Europe, one geopolitical and one economic, and both center on the same resource: natural gas. In The Bridge, Thane Gustafson, an expert on Russian oil and gas, argues that the political rivalries that capture the lion's share of media attention must be viewed alongside multiple business interests and differences in economic ideologies. With a dense network of pipelines linking Europe and Russia, natural gas serves as a bridge that unites the region through common interests. Tracking the economic and political role of natural gas through several countries-Russia and Ukraine, the United Kingdom, Germany, the Netherlands, and Norway-The Bridge details both its history and its likely future. As Gustafson suggests, there are reasons for optimism, but whether the "gas bridge" can ultimately survive mounting geopolitical tensions and environmental challenges remains to be seen.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

What impact did Bolshevist rule have on Emma Goldmans's perception of the Russian Revolutions of 1917 and why did she change her mind, going from defending the Russian Revolution to becoming a crusader against Bolshevism? The Russian Revolution changed the world and determined the history of the 20th century as the French Revolution had determined the history of the 19th century. Left-wing intellectuals around the world greeted the February Revolution with enthusiasm as their hope for a new world and social order and the end of capitalism seemed close. However, the joy did not last long as the ideals of February 1917 were replaced by the realities of October 1917 and Lenin crushed the revolution during the following Civil War. Emma Goldman, a famous Russian-born American anarchist was one of the intellectuals, whose admiration for the revolution turned into frustration about its corruption. Emma Goldman and the Russian Revolution discusses her evolving perception of the revolution between 1917 and the early 1920s. The analysis of such an intellectual transformation process, provides a case study of intellectual and revolutionary history alike, adding a closer reading to the research about the famous American anarchist, Emma Goldman, her transnational life and her role as a revolutionary intellectual.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The populist roots of mass production
• Ford's bible of the modern age
• The Soviet auto giant
• Nazi Fordismus
• War of the factories

A new global history of Fordism from the Great Depression to the postwar era As the United States rose to ascendancy in the first decades of the twentieth century, observers abroad associated American economic power most directly with its burgeoning automobile industry. In the 1930s, in a bid to emulate and challenge America, engineers from across the world flocked to Detroit. Chief among them were Nazi and Soviet specialists who sought to study, copy, and sometimes steal the techniques of American automotive mass production, or Fordism. Forging Global Fordism traces how Germany and the Soviet Union embraced Fordism amid widespread economic crisis and ideological turmoil. This incisive book recovers the crucial role of activist states in global industrial transformations and reconceives the global thirties as an era of intense competitive development, providing a new genealogy of the postwar industrial order. Stefan Link uncovers the forgotten origins of Fordism in Midwestern populism, and shows how Henry Ford's antiliberal vision of society appealed to both the Soviet and Nazi regimes. He explores how they positioned themselves as America's antagonists in reaction to growing American hegemony and seismic shifts in the global economy during the interwar years, and shows how Detroit visitors like William Werner, Ferdinand Porsche, and Stepan Dybets helped spread versions of Fordism abroad and mobilize them in total war. Forging Global Fordism challenges the notion that global mass production was a product of post-World War II liberal internationalism, demonstrating how it first began in the global thirties, and how the spread of Fordism had a distinctly illiberal trajectory.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The populist roots of mass production
• Ford's bible of the modern age
• The Soviet auto giant
• Nazi Fordismus
• War of the factories

A new global history of Fordism from the Great Depression to the postwar era As the United States rose to ascendancy in the first decades of the twentieth century, observers abroad associated American economic power most directly with its burgeoning automobile industry. In the 1930s, in a bid to emulate and challenge America, engineers from across the world flocked to Detroit. Chief among them were Nazi and Soviet specialists who sought to study, copy, and sometimes steal the techniques of American automotive mass production, or Fordism. Forging Global Fordism traces how Germany and the Soviet Union embraced Fordism amid widespread economic crisis and ideological turmoil. This incisive book recovers the crucial role of activist states in global industrial transformations and reconceives the global thirties as an era of intense competitive development, providing a new genealogy of the postwar industrial order. Stefan Link uncovers the forgotten origins of Fordism in Midwestern populism, and shows how Henry Ford's antiliberal vision of society appealed to both the Soviet and Nazi regimes. He explores how they positioned themselves as America's antagonists in reaction to growing American hegemony and seismic shifts in the global economy during the interwar years, and shows how Detroit visitors like William Werner, Ferdinand Porsche, and Stepan Dybets helped spread versions of Fordism abroad and mobilize them in total war. Forging Global Fordism challenges the notion that global mass production was a product of post-World War II liberal internationalism, demonstrating how it first began in the global thirties, and how the spread of Fordism had a distinctly illiberal trajectory.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Journey into the land of the Zeks and back
• The road to the West

Under the Soviet regime, millions of zeks (prisoners) were incarcerated in the forced labor camps, the Gulag. There many died of starvation, disease, and exhaustion, and some were killed by criminals and camp guards. In 1939, as the Nazis and Soviets invaded Poland, many Polish citizens found themselves swept up by the Soviet occupation and sent into the Gulag. One such victim was Julius Margolin, a Pinsk-born Jewish philosopher and writer living in Palestine who was in Poland on family matters. Margolin's Journey into the Land of the Zeks and Back offers a powerful, first-person account of one of the most shocking chapters of the violent twentieth century. Opening with the outbreak of World War II in Poland, Margolin relates its devastating impact on the Jews and his arrest and imprisonment in the Gulag system. During his incarceration from 1940 to 1945, he nearly died from starvation and overwork but was able to return to Western Europe and rejoin his family in Palestine. With a philosopher's astute analysis of man and society, as well as with humor, his memoir of flight, entrapment, and survival details the choices and dilemmas faced by an individual under extreme duress. Margolin's moving account illuminates universal issues of human rights under a totalitarian regime and ultimately the triumph of human dignity and decency. This translation by Stefani Hoffman is the first English-language edition of this classic work, originally written in Russian in 1947 and published in an abridged French version in 1949. Circulated in a Russian samizdat version in the USSR, it exerted considerable influence on the formation of the genre of Gulag memoirs and was eagerly read by Soviet dissidents. Timothy Snyder's foreword and Katherine Jolluck's introduction contextualize the creation of this remarkable account of a Jewish world ravaged in the Stalinist empire-and the life of the man who was determined to reveal the horrors of the gulag camps and the plight of the zeks to the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Journey into the land of the Zeks and back
• The road to the West

Under the Soviet regime, millions of zeks (prisoners) were incarcerated in the forced labor camps, the Gulag. There many died of starvation, disease, and exhaustion, and some were killed by criminals and camp guards. In 1939, as the Nazis and Soviets invaded Poland, many Polish citizens found themselves swept up by the Soviet occupation and sent into the Gulag. One such victim was Julius Margolin, a Pinsk-born Jewish philosopher and writer living in Palestine who was in Poland on family matters. Margolin's Journey into the Land of the Zeks and Back offers a powerful, first-person account of one of the most shocking chapters of the violent twentieth century. Opening with the outbreak of World War II in Poland, Margolin relates its devastating impact on the Jews and his arrest and imprisonment in the Gulag system. During his incarceration from 1940 to 1945, he nearly died from starvation and overwork but was able to return to Western Europe and rejoin his family in Palestine. With a philosopher's astute analysis of man and society, as well as with humor, his memoir of flight, entrapment, and survival details the choices and dilemmas faced by an individual under extreme duress. Margolin's moving account illuminates universal issues of human rights under a totalitarian regime and ultimately the triumph of human dignity and decency. This translation by Stefani Hoffman is the first English-language edition of this classic work, originally written in Russian in 1947 and published in an abridged French version in 1949. Circulated in a Russian samizdat version in the USSR, it exerted considerable influence on the formation of the genre of Gulag memoirs and was eagerly read by Soviet dissidents. Timothy Snyder's foreword and Katherine Jolluck's introduction contextualize the creation of this remarkable account of a Jewish world ravaged in the Stalinist empire-and the life of the man who was determined to reveal the horrors of the gulag camps and the plight of the zeks to the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction: The History of Modern Childhood
• 2. Education, the State and the Russian Child in the Eighteenth Century
• 3. Childhood in Late Imperial Russia
• 4. Childhoods in Revolution, Civil War and Austerity, 1917 - 1929
• 5. Stalinism and the Making of Soviet Childhood
• 6. Post-War Soviet Childhoods, 1953 - 1991
• 7. Postscript: Childhood in Modern Russian Federation
• 8. Conclusion Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A Modern History of Russian Childhood examines the changes and continuities in ideas about Russian childhood from the 18th to the 21st century. It looks at how children were thought about and treated in Russian and Soviet culture, as well as how the radical social, political and economic changes across the period affected children. It explains how and why childhood became a key concept both in Late Imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union and looks at similarities and differences to models of childhood elsewhere. Focusing mainly on children in families, telling us much about Russian and Soviet family life in the process, Elizabeth White combines theoretical ideas about childhood with examples of real, lived experiences of children to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject. The book also offers a comprehensive synthesis of a wide range of secondary sources in English and Russian whilst utilizing various textual primary sources as part of the discussion. This book is key reading for anyone wanting to understand the social and cultural history of Russia as well as the history of childhood in the modern world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Intro
• Contents
• Illustrations
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction: Drug Development and Politics
• Accounts of Drug Development
• Advances in Pharmaceutical Science and Technology
• Pharmaceuticalization and the Social Life of Drugs
• Strategic Technopolitical Practices
• Investigating Pharmapolitics
• Chapter 1 The Soviet Pharmapolitical Regime
• The Foundation of the Soviet Pharmapolitical Regime
• Drugs: From Bench to International Politics
• Soviet Bioethics: Claiming a Superior Vision of Society
• Pursuing Pharmapolitics

• Chapter 2 Neoliberal Experiments in the Post-Soviet State
• A Neoliberal Vision of the Nation and its Future
• Clash of Visions
• Envisioning Freedom
• A Neoliberal Vision and Pharmaceutical Industry
• Deregulatory Reforms in the Western Pharmaceutical Sectors
• The Russian Pharmaceutical Industry: Living through Neoliberal Experiments
• Rejection
• Search for Alternatives
• The Russian Pharmaceutical Industry and Market in 1996 at a Glance
• Chapter 3 The Arrival of Commercial Clinical Trials in Russia
• Value of Medical Experimentation
• Joining the Global Clinical Trials Enterprise

• Value for Investigators and Academia
• Information Needs of Investigators and Academic Work
• Entwining the Academic and the Corporate
• Value for Patients
• Ways to Live with Chronic Disease
• Bridging Research and Treatment
• Boundary Process
• Chapter 4 Pharma-2020 Policy
• Cross-National Differences in Innovative Performance
• Market and National Security
• Who Is to Benefit?
• Relations with the World
• Independence and Self-Sufficiency
• Contemporary Russian Pharmaceutical Industry and Market at Glance
• Chapter 5 Innovation Environment
• Collaboration and Innovation

• Who Works Together in Medical Innovation?
• Challenges for Working Together: Business and Academia
• Business
• Academia
• Definitions and Trajectories of Innovation
• Continuous Change and Lack of Transparency: State
• Bringing Everyone Together: Infrastructure for Collaboration
• Political Culture
• Russian Drug Innovation Infrastructure in 2018
• Chapter 6 Pharmapolitics in Russia and Beyond
• Constituting Pharmapolitics
• Markets and Health Needs in Russian Pharmapolitics
• Oppressing Imagination: Russian and Global Pharmapolitics
• Notes
• Bibliography
• Index

Documents the surprising role pharmaceutical science and technology has played in Russia's search for national identity over a century of political turbulence. Over the last one hundred years, the Russian pharmaceutical industry has undergone multiple dramatic transformations, which have taken place alongside tectonic political shifts in society associated with the rise and fall of the Soviet Union and the emergence of a post-Soviet order. Pharmapolitics in Russia argues that different versions of the Russian pharmaceutical industry took shape in a co-productive process, equally involving political ideologies and agendas, and technoscientific developments and constraints. Drawing on interviews, documents, literature, and media sources, Olga Zvonareva examines critical points in the history of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia. This includes the emergence of Soviet drug research and development, the short-lived neoliberal turn of the 1990s, and the ongoing efforts of the Russian government to boost local pharmaceutical innovation, which in turn produced a now widely shared vision of an independent and self-sufficient nation. The resulting industrial organizations and practices, she argues, came to embed and transmit particular imaginaries of the nation and its future. Olga Zvonareva is Assistant Professor of Health, Ethics, and Society at Maastricht University in the Netherlands, as well as an Associate Professor at National Research Tomsk State University and Siberian State Medical University in Russia. She is the coeditor (with Evgeniya Popova and Klasien Horstman) of Health, Technologies, and Politics in Post-Soviet Settings: Navigating Uncertainties.