• Work programme
• Calls for proposals
• Guide for proposers (part 1)
• Sub-programme environment and sustainable development : guide for proposers (part 2)
• Sub-programme energy : guide for proposers (part 2)
• Proposal submission forms for financial support from the EC for: Shared-cost RTD actions ...
• Accompanying measures
• Concerted actions & thematic networks
• Bursaries for young researchers from developing countries
• Appendix 1. Annexes.

• Pt.
• 1. Sectoral use of water
• Pt.
• 2. Demand managemt
• Pt.
• 3. Extreme hydrological events : floods and droughts

This report summarises ten selected issues from the European Environment Agency's Transport and Environment Reporting Mechanism (TERM) set of transport and environment integration indicators (which mostly go back to 1990). The aim is to highlight the main challenges to reducing the environmental impacts of transport over the coming years in all 31 EEA member states. It also evaluates the indicator trends with respect to progress towards existing EU objectives and targets from policy documents and directives. Issues include: growing transport volumes, air pollution emissions from road transport, greenhouse gas emissions from road and air transport, alternative fuels policies, transport pricing, transport infrastructure development and habitat conservation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to the IRENA operation
• Agri-environmental indicators
• General trends in EU-15 agriculture
• Agricultural water use
• Agricultural input use and the state of water quality
• Agricultural land use, farm management (practices) and soils
• Climate change and air quality
• Biodiversity and landscape
• Evaluating agri-environmental indicators and supporting data sets in the EU-15.

Packaging waste is an important and growing waste stream. The amended Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive has recently been adopted, and work is underway to develop EU thematic strategies on waste prevention and recycling and on the sustainable use and management of natural resources. The Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive (hereafter: packaging directive) is one of the few environmentally-related directives to contain directly measurable, quantitative targets. It has now been in place for ten years and this is an opportune time to take stock of this important policy area. The EEA has conducted a pilot study of the effectiveness of packaging waste management systems in five EU Member States, with the aim of gaining practical and concrete experience of ex-post policy effectiveness evaluation, and to track progress in this policy area.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Water pollution caused by wastewater persists despite three decades of effort to clean up European surface waters and despite the requirements of the Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive (UWWTD). Several EU Member States have yet to satisfy the requirements of the directive. A European Commission report released in 2004 noted that several countries had failed to designate sensitive areas and were behind schedule in establishing the capacity of sewage treatment as required by the directive deadlines in 1998 and 2000. As the next deadline is approaching at the end of 2005, for extending sewage treatment to urban areas with more than 2000 inhabitants, the EEA has acknowledged the need to improve our understanding of the inherent implementation problem. This pilot study examines the water quality situation and objectives of 6 Member States of the EU, including, Denmark, France, The Netherlands, Spain, Estonia and Poland, with a comparative analysis and conclusions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Environmental burden of disease
• Respiratory disease, asthma and allergies
• Cancer
• Neurodevelopmental disorders
• Endocrine disruption
• Body burden of chemicals
• Wildlife as early warning signals for human impacts
• Climate change and health.

• Drivers of resource use
• Demographic developments
• Economic growth
• Patterns of development
• Growing resource use in the global context
• Natural resources and their use
• Material flows and material intensity
• Renewable resources
• Non-renewable resources
• Policy responses
• Examples of individual policies
• The challenges of policy integration
• Resource economics and the role of prices
• Implications for competition
• Outstanding questions.

This reports focuses on a handful of natural resources: fisheries, forestry, water, fossil fuels, metals and construction minerals, and land use. It examines the driving forces of resource consumption: population and economic growth; and the pattern of development, covering technological level, economic structure and the pattern of production and consumption. European patterns of resource use are described, in both renewable and non-renewable resources. The policy responses are outlined, including the environmental impact of the important common agricultural policy, the common fisheries policy, regional development and transport and energy policies. There is a need for more policy integration to develop a coherent and efficient policy for ensuring a more sustainable use of resources. A final section on outstanding questions illustrates the problem of differing priorities amongst the various stakeholders, and presents some of the important and controversial issues which have emerged in the debate in recent years.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Setting the scene
• Understanding consumption behaviour
• Food and drink consumption behaviour: the consumers choice matters
• Housing: from basic shelter to homes with multiple electronic appliances
• Personal travel and mobility: moving faster, further and more often
• Tourism behaviour: consuming elsewhere, and getting there.

• Introduction : background and purpose
• Driving forces for agricultural trends
• Environmental issues in agriculture
• A framework for assessing policy integration
• Assessing environmental integration in EU agriculture policy
• Summary and conclusions.

Aims to provide a fair reflection of the progress, the achievements and obstacles in the integration of environmental concerns into EU agriculture policy, based on indicators developed in the IRENA operation. This work also tackles limitations to successful policy implementation at Member State level, and the related challenges.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Transport in perspective
• Freight transport volumes grow with no clear signs of decoupling from GDP
• Passenger transport volumes have paralleled economic growth
• Greenhouse gas emissions from transport are growing
• Harmful emissions decline, but air quality problems require continued attention
• Road freight continues to gain market share
• Air passenger transport grows, whole the shares of road and rail remain constant
• Developments in fuels contribute to emission reductions
• Car occupancy and lorry load factors decline in countries for which data are available
• New technology can cut emissions and fuel consumption, but more effort is needed to achieve CO2 targets
• Price structures are increasingly aligned with and yet well below external costs level.

• Introduction : why do we need market-based instruments for cost-effective environmental policy?
• Market-based instruments: what are they what drives them, what inhibits their use?
• Emissions trading: break-through of a market-based instrument
• Environmental taxes and charges, environmental fiscal reform
• Subsidies and subsidy reform
• Liability and compensation.

• Introduction
• Climate change and transport : much is needed but too little is happening
• Freight transport growth outpaces economic growth
• Passenger transport continues to increase
• Greenhouse gas emissions grow die to transport growth
• Harmful air pollutant emissions and air quality
• Biofuels in transport
• Focus on road transport
• Focus on rail transport
• Focus on air transport
• Focus on waterborne transport
• Focus on non-motorised transport
• Focus on land use and transport planning
• Focus on mode comparisons.

TH-AL-08-001-EN-C.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Economic and environmental importance of sand, gravel and rock
• Overview of European aggregates and taxes
• Country studies
• Country comparison
• Conclusions.

This study provides an ex-post effectiveness evaluation of taxes on natural resources, i.e. sand, gravel and rock (also called aggregates), as a market-based instrument (MBI) to promote resource productivity and hence reduce environmental impacts. Charges have also been reviewed to explore their potential contribution to sustainable resource management.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Safeguarding the biological diversity of Europe's forests
• Development of forests and forest biological diversity in Europe
• Use of forest resources and other anthropogenic factors having an impact on forest biodiversity and ecosystems
• Actions and capacity-building for sustainable forest management and safeguarding biodiversity
• Annex
• 1. European forest types
• Annex
• 2. Forest species on the list of worst invasive alien species threatening biodiversity in Europe
• Annex
• 3. Definitions of main concepts used in this report.

TH-AL-08-003-EN-C.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

TH-AL-09-005-EN-C.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

TH-AL-09-004-EN-C.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

A report that examines performance of the transport sector vis-a-vis environmental performance and concludes that there are plenty of options for synergies between different policy initiatives but also a risk of measures counteracting each other.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This report presents data on waste shipments within Europe and out of Europe (mainly EU countries are covered) for both so called notified waste (mostly hazardous and problematic waste) as well as for non-hazardous waste. It presents drivers for shipments but also gaps that still exist in our knowledge as regards some waste streams (such as e-waste) or what influence shipments have on the environment. It also presents some illegal shipments issues. A main conclusion is that more detailed reporting on waste shipments to the EU Commission would enable us to obtain a better understanding of shipments and their nature.

• Executive summary
• Introduction. The context of air quality policy in Europe; The Air Implementation Pilot
• The Air Implementation Pilot: lessons learnt. Local emission inventories; Modelling activities; Monitoring networks; Management practices; Information to the public
• Further steps in the implementation of European air-related legislation. The EEA's role; Potential for further action
• References
• Annex
• 1: Air quality standards according to EU legislation (for health protection)
• Annex
• 2: Additional information on the cities participating in the Air Implementation Pilot
• Annex
• 3: Glossary
• Annex
• 4: Information on modelling activities
• Annex
• 5: Density of monitoring networks
• Annex
• 6: Complementary classification of monitoring stations
• Annex
• 7: Analysis of trends in the monitoring series concentrations.

"Almost three quarters of Europeans live in cities. The air quality in our cities is therefore of significant importance to the health of Europeans. Considerable progress has been made in the past twenty years in improving urban air quality, but issues remain. A number of different air pollutants such as nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and ozone remain above regulated levels, posing a threat to human health. This report describes a European pilot project to help identify and address the reasons underlying this 'gap' in implementation of air quality policy in 12 European cities, and thereby draw lessons of wider relevance."--Publisher's website.

This report presents an overview and analysis of air quality in Europe from 2002 (or later, pending data availability) to 2011. It reviews progress towards meeting the requirements of the air quality directives and gives an overview of policies and measures introduced at European level to improve air quality and minimise air pollution impacts on public health and ecosystems. An overview of the latest findings and estimates of the effects of air pollution on health and its impacts on ecosystems is also given.

"Urban transport accounts for a significant share of the environmental impacts of transport in Europe, and the second part of TERM 2013 analyses trends, main characteristics, options to minimise impacts, and recent actions that have proven to be effective in the transition towards more efficient mobility in European metropolitan areas. Meeting the transport policy aims and goals set out in the White Paper will be easier if towns and cities across Europe follow the example of those places that have already made good progress in making the mobility system evolve towards more sustainability at local scale. If followed more broadly, such an evolution can lead to a better quality of life for all of Europe's citizens."

• Lessons from health hazards. The precautionary principle and false alarms--lessons learned / Setffen Foss Hansen and Joel A. Tickner ; Lead in petrol 'makes the mind give way' / Herbert Needleman and David Gee ; Too much to swallow : PCE contamination of mains water / David Ozonoff ; Ninamata disease : a challenge for democracy and justice / Takashi Yorifuji, Toshihide Tsuda and Masazumi Harada ; Beryllium's 'public relations problem' / David Michaels and Celeste Monforton ; Tobacco industry manipulation of research / Lisa A. Bero ; Vinyl chloride : a saga of secrecy / Morando Soffritti, Jennifer Beth Sass, Barry Castleman and David Gee ; The pestticide DBCP and male infertility / Eula Bingham and Celeste Monforton ; Bisphenol A : contested science, divergent safety evaluations / Andreas Gies and Ana M. Soto ; DDT : fifty years since Silent spring / Henk Bouwman, Riana Bornman, Henk van den Berg and Henrik Kylin
• Emerging lessons from ecosystems. Booster biocide antifoulants : is history repeating itself? / Andrew R.G. Price and James W. Readman ; Ethinyl oestradiol in the aquatic environment / Susan Jobling and Richard Owen ; Climate change : science and the precautionary principle / Hartmut Grassl and Bert Metz ; Floods : lessons about early warning systems / Zbigniew W. Kundzewicz ; Seed-dressing systemic insecticides and honeybees / Laura Maxim and Jeroen van der Sluijs ; Ecosystems and managing the dynamics of change / Jacqueline McGlade and Sybille van den Hove
• Emerging issues. Late lessons from Chernobyl, early warnings from Fukushima / Paul Dorfman, Aleksandra Fucic and Stephen Thomas ; Hungry for innovation : from GM crops to agroecology / Divid Quist (and four others) ; Invasive alien species : a growing but neglected threat? / Sarah Brunel (and five others) ; Mobile phones and brain tumour risk : early warnings, early actions? / Lennart Hardell, Michael Carlberg and David Gee ; Nanotechnology : early lessons from early warnings / Steffen Foss Hansen (and four others)
• Costs, justice and innovation. Understanding and accounting for the costs of inaction / Mikael Skou Andersen and David Owain Clubb ; Protecting early warners and late victims / Carl Cranor ; Why did buisness not react with precaution to early warnings? / Marc Le Menestrel and Julian Rode
• Implications for precautionary decision-making / Philippe Grandjean ; More or less precaution? / David Gee ; In conclusion
• Annex 1, Author biographies
• Annex 2, An overview of Late lessons from early warnings : the precautionary principle 1896-2000 vol. 1
• Annex 3, An update of some case studies from Late lessons from early warnings : the precautionary principle 1896-2000 vol. 1.

In the context of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), public participation (PP) is viewed as a means of improving water management through better planning and more informed decision-making. The active involvement of all interested parties and influencers in the deliberation and decision-making process is generally expected to foster an environment of accessibility, receptiveness and mutual respect that ultimately promotes transparency and trust among participants and can then increase the success rate of policies due to better acceptance by stakeholders. Naturally, this kind of setting is highly desirable, especially when the topic under discussion is a cross-cutting issue involving multiple stakeholders and reflecting numerous interests While the concept of PP is now well established, and commonly plays a part in the environment and sustainability agendas of international organisations and national authorities, its effectiveness in achieving European water-policy goals is still being assessed. This report evaluates whether the provisions for PP included in the WFD actually contribute to achieving the objectives of the directive or at least support the ongoing implementation process by, for example, improving the integration of water management between different actors, incorporating local knowledge and promoting informed decision-making. Common criteria are identified based on key principles of PP, and are tested by analysing eight case studies from across the EU. The report addresses the fundamental question of how PP can improve water-related policies, plans and implementation, especially in the context of river-basin planning and the WFD.

Originally seen as a useful policy approach to tackle the economic and financial crisis that began in 2008, the green economy is, today, seen as a strategic way of delivering a fairer society living in a better environment. Three objectives underlie the green economy approach: improving resource efficiency, ensuring ecosystem resilience, and enhancing social equity. This report addresses the first of these objectives from a primarily macro-economic perspective.

This 2014 edition of the annual European Environment Agency (EEA) 'Trends and projections' report provides an updated assessment of the progress of the European Union (EU) and European countries towards achieving their climate mitigation and energy targets. The report also supports and complements the annual report from the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on progress towards meeting the Kyoto and EU 2020 objectives, as required under Article 21 of the EU Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (MMR) (EU, 2013d).