%{search_type} search results

• Oxygen: An Element of Many Surprises
• What Are Stereoelectronic Effects, and How Can We Control Them?
• Structural, Spectroscopic, and Chemical Manifestations of Stereoelectronic Effects
• Models and Theoretical Studies of Stereoelectronic Effects
• Organic Chemistry through the Prism of SEs: Functional Groups with One Oxygen
• Organic Chemistry through the Prism of SEs: Functional Groups with Two Oxygens
• O2, O3, CO2: Simple but Surprising Molecules That Take Us beyond 2-Center, 2-Electron Bonds

"Although carbon is considered the central element of organic chemistry, the broader chemical world has one more star player-oxygen. Billions of years of evolution have filled your room with oxygen as countless cyanobacteria and plants work on changing our planet. Oxygen is everywhere-from geology to biology, from the Earth's crust to the ozone layer. This digital primer aims to analyze chemical reactivity through the prism of oxygen chemistry. The key to understanding this chemistry is the lone pairs of oxygen (i.e., the underutilized "idle" electrons that do not directly contribute to the Lewis structure of molecules). By highlighting the many roles of oxygen, we will illustrate how chemistry rises above the limitations of Lewis structures and how electrons stay neither idle nor "lone" even if they are in "lone pairs" when an oxygen atom is near a reaction center. This digital primer will introduce important types of chemical bonding that transcend undergraduate textbooks but that are likely to drive the development of new chemical reactions in the future."-- Provided by publisher

• PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES IN HIGHRESOLUTION NMR SPECTROSCOPY; PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES IN HIGHRESOLUTION NMR SPECTROSCOPY; Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data; CONTENTS; PREFACE; Chapter 1:APPLICATION OF NMR SPECTRA OFPARAMAGNETIC SYSTEMS FOR STRUCTURALSTUDIES OF ORGANIC LIGANDS; 1
• .1. Nature of Hyperfine Contact Coupling in Paramagnetic Complexes; 1
• .2. STUDY OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; Chapter 2:METHOD OF PARAMAGNETIC ADDITIVES; 2
• .1. THEORY OF THE METHOD; 2
• .2. PARAMAGNETIC ADDITIVES OF IRON GROUP ELEMENTS; 2
• .3. LANTHANIDE PARAMAGNETIC ADDITIVES.

• 2
• .4. APPLICATION OF PARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES FOR THE NMRSPECTRA ANALYSISChapter 3:APPLICATION OF COMPLEX FORMATION PROCESSIN STRUCTURAL ST; 3
• .1. SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF 1-VINYLIMIDAZOLE; 3
• .2. COMPLEXING ABILITY AND STRUCTURE OFSI-SUBSTITUTED SILATRANES; 3
• .3. STRUCTURE OF METHYL THIENYL KETONE OXIME STUDIEDBY PARAMAGNETIC ADDITIVES METHOD; 3
• .4. PECULIARITIES OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF NICKELPARAMAGNETIC COMPLEXES WITH NITROXYL RADICALS; 3
• .5. PECULIARITIES OF INTRAMOLECULAR EXCHANGE ANDVALENCE TAUTOMERISM IN METAL SEMI-QUINOLATES; CONCLUSION; REFERENCES; Blank Page; INDEX.

The monograph covers theoretical aspects of the method based on the analysis of NMR spectra transformed by electron-nuclear or hyperfine coupling, and provides examples of its practical application for the solution of different tasks related to structure and intramolecular dynamics of multi-electron systems. The fundamentals of NMR theory in paramagnetic systems were formulated by Blombergen, McConnell, Solomon, Berkheyn and other researchers. However, wide application of HFC specifics for the solution of diverse chemical tasks was triggered later, after the development of a method for analysi.

"The Nobel Prize is science's highest award, as is the case with non-science fields too, and it is therefore arguably the most internationally recognized award in the world. This unique set of volumes focuses on summarizing the Nobel Prize within organic chemistry, as well as the specializations within this specialty. Any reader researching the history of the field of organic chemistry will be interested in this work. Furthermore, it serves as an outstanding resource for providing a better understanding of the circumstances that led to these amazing discoveries and what has happened as a result, in the years since"-- Provided by publisher

• Note continued: Study Problems
• Why We Synthesize Organic Compounds
• Synthetic Challenges: Total Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Semisynthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Biomimetic Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Structural Revision or Confirmation
• Synthetic Challenges: Formal Synthesis
• Synthetic Challenges: Stereoselective Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Resolution of Enantiomers to Obtain Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Pool Compounds for Synthesis of Optically Pure Natural Products
• Use of Chiral Reagents for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Substrate Control for Stereoselective Synthesis
• Use of Chiral Auxiliaries for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Chiral Catalysis for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds
• Use of Enzymes for Synthesis of Optically Pure Compounds: Biocatalysis
• Some Final Thoughts
• Study Problems.

• Machine generated contents note: The Unique Role of Carbon
• Distinguishing Primary Versus Secondary Metabolism
• Secondary Metabolites and Natural Products
• Natural Products in Organic Chemistry and Medicine
• The Organic Chemistry of Biosynthesis
• Goals and Structure of This Book
• Review of Functional Groups, Stereochemistry, and Conformational Analysis
• Prochiral Relationships: One Step from Chirality
• Prochiral it-Systems: "Two-Faced" Reaction Centers
• Diastereotopic Atoms and Groups: One Step from a Diasteroeomer
• Monosubstituted Cyclohexanes: Favoring Equatorial Positions
• Disubstituted Cyclohexanes: Equivalent and Nonequivalent Combinations
• Bicyclic Systems: Joining of Rings
• Heterocyclic Ring Systems: One Atom Makes All the Difference
• Bond Making and Breaking: Have Pair, Will Share; Need Two from You
• Bronsted Acid-Base Reactions: Proton Donors Gladly Accepted
• Acidity Trends: Why that Proton Is or Isn't Acidic
• Carbocations: Three Bonds to Carbon Can Be a Plus
• Radicals: Odd and Reactive
• Elimination Reactions: Introducing the Carbon-Carbon n-Bond
• Carbocations: Rearrangements and Fates
• Electrophilic Additions: n-Bonds as Nucleophilic Agents
• Nucleophilic Substitutions and Alkylations: Make or Break for C-X Bonds
• Nucleophilic Carbonyl Addition Reactions: C=O n-Bond under Attack
• Imine Formation: Making the Essential C=N Linkage
• Nucleophilic 1,4-(Conjugate) Addition Reactions: Remote Attack on Conjugated Carbonyls
• Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions: Turning One Acyl Compound into Another
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Enzymes: The Catalysts of Biological Organic Chemistry
• Cofactors: Enzyme Assistants in Bioorganic Reactions
• NADH/NADPH: Nature's Version of Sodium Borohydride for Carbonyl Reduction
• NAD+/NADP+: Nature's Version of PCC for Alcohol Oxidation
• FAD: Another Hydride Acceptor for Dehydrogenations
• Monooxygenases: Special Delivery of One 0 atom from 02
• Dioxygenases: Delivering Both 0 Atoms from 02
• Other Oxidations: Hydroquinone and Catechol Oxidations
• Amine Oxidations: From Imines to Carbonyl Compounds and Beyond
• PLP: Transamination and Decarboxylation of Amino Acids
• Other Important Decarboxylations: 13-Keto Acids, o- and p-Hydroxybenzoic Acids
• Thiamine Diphosphate (TPP) and Lipoic Acid: Decarboxylation and Acyl Transfer
• Biotin: The CO2 Carrier, Transport, and Transfer Agent
• SAM: A C1 Fragment for Methyl Groups
• DMAPP: An Allylic C, Fragment for Structure Building
• Other Essential Structural Fragments: Putting it All Together
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Makes a Carbohydrate?
• Cyclic Hemiacetals and Anomers
• C-2 Epimers and Enediols[--]Simple Conversion of One Carbohydrate into Another
• Other Important Monosaccharides: Deoxy and Amino Sugars
• The Significance of the Anomeric Carbon: Glycoside Formation
• UDP-Sugars and Glycoside Formation: SN2 Chemistry at Work
• Organic Reactions in Carbohydrate Chemistry: Overview of Glucose Metabolism
• Glycolysis: A 10-Step Program
• What Happens to the Pyruvic Acid from Glycolysis
• The Citric Acid Cycle: Another 10-Step Program
• The Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Seven Alternative Steps to Some Familiar Intermediates
• The Big Picture
• Amino Acids: More Important Primary Metabolite Building Blocks for Biosynthesis
• Biosynthesis of Serine: A Good Place to Start
• Peptides and Proteins: A Very Brief Review
• Putting Proteins and Carbohydrates Together: Glycoproteins Versus Protein Glycosylation
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Classification of Terpenes: How Many Isoprene Units?
• The Mevalonic Acid Route to DMAPP and IPP
• The Deoxyxylulose Phosphate Route to IPP and DMAPP
• Hemiterpenes: Just One Isoprene Unit
• Monoterpenes (C10) and Isoprene Linkage: Heads, IPP Wins; Tails, DMAPP Loses
• Geranyl PP to Neryl PP via Linalyl PP: The Importance of Alkene Stereochemistry
• Some Acyclic Monoterpenes and Their Uses
• Mono- and Bicyclic Monoterpenes via Cationic Cyclizations and Wagner-Meerwein Shifts
• What's that Smell? Limonene Derivatives as Flavor and Fragrance Compounds
• Irregular Monoterpenes: If Not Head-to-Tail, then How?
• Iridoids: From Catnip to Alkaloids
• Sesquiterpenes (C15): Linking of Different Starter Units
• Some FPP Cyclizations in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis
• Trichodiene and the Trichothecenes: How to Trace a Rearrangement Pathway
• Diterpenes (C20): Taking it to the Next Level of Molecular Complexity and Diversity
• Cyclic Diterpenes: From Baseball and Plant Hormones to Anticancer Drugs
• Sesterterpenes (C25): Less Common, More Complex
• Triterpenes and Steroids: Another Case of Irregular Linkage of Terpene Units
• Oxidosqualene and Steroid Biosynthesis: Cyclization to Lanosterol and Beyond
• Conversion of Lanosterol (C30) to Cholesterol (C27): Where Did the Carbons Go?
• Conversions of Cholesterol: Production of the Sex Hormones
• Dehydrocholesterol, Sunshine, and Vitamin D3 Biosynthesis
• Tetraterpenes and Carotenoids: Tail-to-Tail Linkage of C20 Units
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Fatty Acids: Multiples of Two Carbons, Saturated or Unsaturated
• Saturated Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: It All Starts with Acetyl-CoA
• Branched Fatty Acids: Different Routes and Different Results
• Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Putting in the "Essential" Double Bonds
• Aerobic Versus Anaerobic Routes to Desaturation
• Further Desaturation of Fatty Acids: Triple Bonds and Rings
• Prostaglandins, Thromboxanes, and Leukotrienes: The Power of Oxygenated FAs
• Polyketide Biosynthesis: More Starter Units and Extender Units, but with a Twist
• Aromatic Polyketide Natural Products: Phenols and Related Structures
• Isotopic Labeling Studies: Biosynthetic Insights via 13C NMR
• Further Modification of Polyketides: Alkylations, Oxidations, Reductions, and Decarboxylations
• Other Oxidative Modifications of Aromatic Rings: Expansion or Cleavage Processes
• Oxidative Coupling of Phenols: Formation of Aryl-Aryl Bonds
• The Use of Other Starter Groups: From Cancer Drugs and Antibiotics to Poison Ivy
• More on Polyketide Synthase (PKS) Systems: Increasing Product Diversity
• Modular Type I PKS Complexes and Macrolide Antibiotics: Erythromycin Biosynthesis
• Genetic Manipulation of Modular PKS Systems: Rational Drug Modification
• Some Final PKS Products of Medicinal Importance
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• What Is Shikimic Acid?
• Shikimic, Chorismic, and Prephenic Acids at the Heart of the Pathway
• The Claisen Rearrangement: Allyl Vinyl Ethers in a Chair
• Conversion of Chorismic Acid to Prephenic Acid
• Conversion of Prephenic Acid to Phenylalanine or Tyrosine
• More Uses for Chorismic Acid
• Shikimic Acid Pathway Products from Phenylalanine and Tyrosine: An Overview
• Phenylpropanoids: A Large Family of Phenyl C3 Compounds
• Phenylpropanoids: Reduction of Acids to Phenyl C3 Aldehydes and Alcohols
• Reduction of Phenyl C3 Alcohols to Phenylpropenes
• Lignans and Lignin: Oxidative Phenolic Coupling with a Twist
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Allyl C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: Ortho C-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Coniferyl Alcohol Oxidative Coupling: O-Radical + Allyl C-Radical
• Lignin: A Plant Polymer and Major Source of Carbon
• Podophyllotoxin Biosynthesis: Aryltetralin Lignans from the American Mayapple
• Cleavage of Cinnamic Acids to Phenyl Cl Compounds: Different Routes, Similar Outcomes
• Coumarins: Sweet-Smelling Benzopyrones
• Mixed Products: Combining the Shikimate, Polyketide, and Terpenoid Pathways
• Kavalactones: Natural Sedatives from the South Pacific
• Flavonoids: Structurally Diverse Plant Polyphenolics
• The Chalcone-to-Flavanone-to-Flavone Sequence: Formation of Apigenin
• The Flavanone-to-Dihydroflavonol-to-Anthocyanin Sequence: Formation of Pelargonidin
• The Flavanone-to-Isoflavanone-to-Isoflavone Sequence: Formation of Genistein
• Isoflavanoid Structural Modifications: Production of Antimicrobial Phytoalexins
• Rotenoids: Fish Poisons from Isoflavones
• Looking Ahead
• Study Problems
• Alkaloid Structure: The Importance of N-Heterocycles
• Alkaloids Not Derived from Amino Acids: Amination Reactions, Poisons, and Venoms
• Amino Acids and Mannich Reactions: Important Keys to Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• Alkaloids from Ornithine: Tropanes via the Mannich Reaction in Action
• Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids: Poison Plants and Insect Defense
• Piperidine-Type Alkaloids Derived from Lysine
• Quinolizidine Alkaloids: Livestock Poisons from Cadaverine
• Alkaloids from Phenylalanine: From Neurotransmitters to Decongestants and Narcotics
• Alkaloids from Tyrosine: The Pictet-Spengler Reaction in Alkaloid Biosynthesis
• (S)-Reticuline: A Versatile Pictet-Spengler-Derived Benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline
• Oxidative Coupling in Alkaloid Biosynthesis: Biosynthesis of Corytuberine and Morphine
• The Morphine Rule
• Alkaloids from Tryptophan: Adventures in Indole Alkaloid Structural Complexity
• Pictet-Spengler-Type Reactions of Tryptamine: p-Carbolines and Indole Terpene Alkaloids
• Alkaloids from Nicotinic Acid: Toxic Addictive Derivatives of a Common Nutrient
• Alkaloids from Anthranilic Acid: From Tryptophan to Quinolines and Acridines
• Alkaloids from Histidine: From Simple Amides to Glaucoma Drugs
• Purine Alkaloids: Addictive Stimulants in our Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate
• Cyclic and Macrocyclic Peptides: From Sweeteners to Antibiotics and Beyond
• Penicillins, Cephalosporins, and Carbapenums: The Essential p-Lactam Antibiotics
• A Final Look Ahead.

Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Frontmatter
• Preface
• Contents
• 1. Flash Point
• 2. Autoignition
• 3. Flammability Limit
• 4. Heat of Combustion
• 5. Polymer Flammability
• Problems
• Answers to Problems
• List of Symbols
• Appendix
• References
• Index

The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Introducing High-Resolution NMR
• 3. Practical Aspects of High-Resolution NMR
• 4. One-Dimensional Techniques
• 5. Introducing Two-Dimensional and Pulsed Field Gradient NMR
• 6. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond I: Homonuclear Shift Correlation
• 7. Correlations Through the Chemical Bond II: Heteronuclear Shift Correlation
• 8. Separating Shifts and Couplings: J-Resolved and Pure Shift Spectroscopy
• 9. Correlations Through Space: The Nuclear Overhauser Effect
• 10. Diffusion NMR Spectroscopy
• 11. Protein-Ligand Screening by NMR
• 12. Experimental Methods
• 13. Structure Elucidation and Spectrum Assignment.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition describes the most important NMR spectroscopy techniques for the structure elucidation of organic molecules and the investigation of their behaviour in solution. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, research chemists and NMR facility managers, this thorough revision covers practical aspects of NMR techniques and instrumentation, data collection, and spectrum interpretation. It describes all major classes of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlations, the nuclear Overhauser effect, diffusion measurements, and techniques for studying protein-ligand interactions. A trusted authority on this critical expertise, High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is an essential resource for every chemist and NMR spectroscopist.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Students' Attention on Curved Arrows While Evaluating the Plausibility of an Organic Mechanistic Step--Supporting Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Augmented Reality - An Explorative Interview Study--Representational Competence Under the Magnifying Glass - The Interplay Between Student Reasoning Skills, Conceptual Understanding, and the Nature of Representation--Fostering Causal Mechanistic Reasoning as a Means of Modelling in Organic Chemistry--Students' Reasoning in Chemistry Arguments and Designing Resources Using Constructive Alignment--From Free Association to Goal-directed Problem-solving - Network Analysis of Students' Use of Chemical Concepts in Mechanistic Reasoning--Epistemic Stances in Action - Students' Reasoning Process While Reflecting About Alternative Reaction Pathways in Organic Chemistry--How Do Students Reason When They Have to Describe the "What" and "Why" of a Given Reaction Mechanism?--In-the-moment Learning of Organic Chemistry During Interactive Lectures Through the Lens of Practical Epistemology Analysis--Flipped Classrooms in Organic Chemistry - A Closer Look at Student Reasoning Through Discourse Analysis of a Group Activity--Systemic Assessment Questions as a Means of Assessment in Organic Chemistry--Variations in the Teaching of Resonance - An Exploration of Organic Chemistry Instructors' Enacted Pedagogical Content Knowledge--Investigation of Students' Conceptual Understanding in Organic Chemistry Through Systemic Synthesis Questions--Disciplining Perception Spatial Thinking in Organic Chemistry Through Embodied Actions--Building Bridges Between Tasks and Flasks - Design of a Coherent Experiment-supported Learning Environment for Deep Reasoning in Organic Chemistry--Assessment of Assessment in Organic Chemistry - Review and Analysis of Predominant Problem Types Related to Reactions and Mechanisms--Developing Machine Learning Models for Automated Analysis of Organic Chemistry Students' Written Descriptions of Organic Reaction Mechanisms--Deveopment of a Generalizable Framework for Machine Learning-based Evaluation of Written Explanations of Reaction Mechanisms from the Post-secondary Organic Chemistry Curriculum--The Central Importance of Assessing "Doing Science" to Research and Instruction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Reasoning about structure-reactivity and chemical processes is a key competence in chemistry. Especially in organic chemistry, students experience difficulty appropriately interpreting organic representations and reasoning about the underlying causality of organic mechanisms. As organic chemistry is often a bottleneck for students' success in their career, compiling and distilling the insights from recent research in the field will help inform future instruction and the empowerment of chemistry students worldwide. This book brings together leading research groups to highlight recent advances in chemistry education research with a focus on the characterization of students' reasoning and their representational competencies, as well as the impact of instructional and assessment practices in organic chemistry. Written by leaders in the field, this title is ideal for chemistry education researchers, instructors and practitioners, and graduate students in chemistry education.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Organic seminars
• Total syntheses of tetracyclines / James Lowe (October 5, 1962)
• 1,3-shifts in carbonium ion rearrangements / Raymond Owyang (October 12, 1962)
• 1,3-dipolar additions / Allan Fenselau (October 19, 1962)
• The chemistry of cephalosporin C / Malcolm S. Singer (October 26, 1962)
• Total and partial synthesis of penicillins / Pedro J. Neustaedter (November 2, 1962)
• The structure and chemistry of glauconic acid / John F. W. Keana (November 9, 1962)
• The new chemistry of isonitriles / Robert H. Shapiro (November 16, 1962)
• Mechanistic organic photochemistry / Lászlo Tökés (November 30, 1962)
• Mechanistic organic photochemistry II / Betty G. McFarland (January 18, 1963)
• Homoallylic and homoenolic system / Vernon D. Parker (January 25, 1963)
• Resolution by chromatography / J. Burakevich (February 1, 1963)
• Thin layer chromatography / Catherine Fenselau (February 8, 1963)
• Copper catalyzed reactions of peresters / J. Edward Starr (February 15, 1963)
• The decarboxylation of saturated acids / Dorothy M. Feigl (March 1, 1963)
• The chemistry of three-membered ring carbonyl compounds / John M. Erikson (March 8, 1963)
• The configurational stability of carbanions generated alpha to "d-orbital" groups / David A. Lightner (March 15, 1963)
• Novel energy sources for the execution of organic reactions / Dennis L. Forbess (April 12, 1963)
• Sesquiterpene lactones / Jerome E. Gurst (April 26, 1963)
• Use of simple molecular orbital calculations in organic chemistry / Arnold J. Krubsack (May 3, 1963)
• Solvation and reactivity of anions in dipolar aprotic solvents / Ernst R. Habicht, Jr. (May 10, 1963)
• Beta elimination reaction mechanisms / Frederic J. Kakis (May 17, 1963)
• The total synthesis of polycyclic diterpenes / Bryan Roberts (May 24, 1963)
• Alkaloid biosynthesis / John R. Wiseman (May 31, 1963)

• Chemistry of the prostaglandins / Edward James Hessler (October 4, 1963)
• Peptide synthesis / Thomas Hylton (October 18, 1963)
• The Cope rearrangement / Raymond Owyang (October 25, 1963)
• New non-benzenoid aromatic compounds / John F. W. Keana (November 8, 1963)
• Stereochemistry of silanes and germanes / Catherine C. Fenselau (November 15, 1963)
• Synthesis of naturally occurring blocked phenols / Jerry Karliner (November 22, 1963)
• Base-catalyzed rearrangements of ketimine derivatives / Pedro J. Neustaedter (January 17, 1964)
• Metabolism of thalidomide / Dorothy M. Feigl (January 24, 1964)
• The mechanism of the Wohl-Ziegler reaction / Robert H. Shapiro (February 7, 1964)
• The structure of patchouli alcohol / J. Edward Starr (February 14, 1964)
• Some recent developments in enamine chemistry / Edward K. W. Wat (February 28, 1964)
• Optical activity due to isotopic labelling / Harold D. Doshan (March 6, 1964)
• Spin-spin coupling in nuclear magnetc resonance of organic compounds / Laszlo Tokes (March 13, 1964)
• An approach to the synthesis of vitamin B₁₂ / J. Alan Webber (April 10, 1964)
• Conformational transmission / Jerry Hirsch (April 17, 1964)
• The origin of life : elementary chemical events / Betty G. McFarland (April 24, 1964)
• The ring expansion route to bicyclic carbonium ions / Dennis L. Forbess (May 1, 1964)
• Evidence for a biradical intermediate in 1,2-cycloaddition / Frederick E. Brot (May 8, 1964)
• An organic approach to an enzyme mechanism / John M. Erikson (May 15, 1964)
• The structure and synthesis of aspidospermine and quebrachamine / Martin A. Schwartz (May 22, 1964)
• The chemistry of aphins / Hugo J. Monteiro (May 29, 1964)
• The synthesis of longifolene and the caryophyllenes / Terry L. Burkoth (October 2, 1964)
• Some recent studies in the laboratory synthesis of deoxyribo-oligonucleotides / Howard M. Peters (October 9, 1964)
• Determination of absolute configurations and optical rotatory power by the method of partial resolutions / David A. Schooley (October 16, 1964)
• Recent synthetic approaches to highly strained, small ring systems / Thomas M. Cole, Jr. (October 23, 1964)
• The chemistry of nitrenes / Jerry Karliner (October 30, 1964)
• Chemiluminescence / Harold Doshan (November 6, 1964)
• Dimethyl sulfoxide as a reagent / Shelia D. Sample (November 13, 1964)
• The biosynthesis of nucleic acid precursors / Stuart H. Brown (December 4, 1964)
• The functions of nucleic acids in living systems III. The biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid / Frederick E. Brot (January 8, 1965)
• Synthesis of steroidal alkaloids / Hugo J. Monteiro (January 15, 1965)
• Chemistry of atomic carbon and C₃, a dicarbene / Klaus Schmiegal (January 22, 1965)
• Cyanocarbon chemistry / Banks Hinshaw (January 29, 1965)
• Synthesis of porphyrins / Joel Marie Larkin (February 5, 1965)
• Macrocyclic diterpenes related to cembrene / Stephen F. Brady (February 12, 1965)
• Electronic effects in the organic chemistry of ferrocene / R. Hatfield (February 19, 1965)
• The chemistry of insect sex attractants / John W. Scott (February 26, 1965)
• The organic chemistry of cyclooctatetraene / J. Alan Webber (March 5, 1965)
• The vesicant constituents of poison ivy, Japanese lac, and the cashew nut tree / Albert R. Van Horn (March 12, 1965)
• Some aspects of adamantane chemistry / Donald F. McMillen (April 15, 1965)
• The structure of viomycin / David L. Dull (April 29, 1965)
• New developments in the Wittig reaction / Karl Berry Sharpless (May 13, 1965)

• Recent advances in the chemistry of small ring compounds / Eugene H. Axelrod (October 7, 1965)
• 1,5-hydrogen transfers in ene-reactions / Shelia D. Sample (October 14, 1965)
• Transition metal complexes of some cyclic polyolefins / Thomas H. Whitesides (October 21, 1965)
• The mechanism of [alpha]-chymotrypsin action / Theron M. Cole (November 4, 1965)
• The Faraday effect / David A. Schooley (November 18, 1965)
• Topological isomerism and the synthesis of the catenanes / Howard M. Peters (December 2, 1965)
• Recent developments in alkaloid biosynthesis / Stuart H. Brown (December 9, 1965)
• The structure of magnamycin / Stephen F. Brady (January 20, 1966)
• The structures of vincoleukoblastine and leurocristine / W. Banks Hinshaw (January 28, 1966)
• The structures of some 9,19-cyclo steroidal alkaloids isolated from buxus sempervirens l. / Klaus Schmiegal (February 3, 1966)
• Trialkyloxonium salts as alkylating agents / Joel Marie Larkin (February 10, 1966)
• The alkylation of nitro-paraffins on carbon : a free-radical mechanism / Ronn G. Nadeau (February 17, 1966)
• Stereochemical aspects of squalene and cholesterol biosynthesis / Karl Berry Sharpless (March 10, 1966)
• "Stable" carbonium ions / Alexander Jerry Pandell (March 31, 1966)
• The structure and synthesis of alantolactone / Donald N. Brattesani (April 7, 1966)
• Secondary deuterium isotope effects / Norvell Nelson (April 14, 1966)
• The synthesis of cephalosporin C / John W. Scott, Esq. (May 5, 1966)
• Photosensitized organic reactions / Larry E. Ellis (May 12, 1966)
• Solvolysis of secondary alkyl systems / Donald F. McMillen (May 26, 1966)

• Synthesis of the prostaglandins / Eugene Axelrod (October 6, 1966)
• Recent developments in the chemistry of alkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes / John Howard Freed (October 13, 1966)
• The stereochemistry of dissolving metal reductions of [alpha], [beta]-unsaturated ketones / Kenn E. Harding (October 20, 1966)
• The total synthesis of phyllocladene / Marcia Ilton (October 27, 1966)
• Mechanistic photochemistry of 2,5-cyclohexadienones / Thomas H. Whitesides (November 3, 1966)
• The structure and stereochemistry of free radicals / Dean C. Kahl (November 10, 1966)
• Structure elucidation by element mapping / John D. Diekman (November 17, 1966)
• Mechanism of ozonolysis : some new developments / Daniel T. Carty (December 1, 1966)
• The stereochemistry of the Favorskii rearrangement / William R. Bartlett (December 8, 1966)
• Silylated nitrogen compounds in organic synthesis / Larry Oliver (January 12, 1966)
• Asymmetry at sulfur in sulfoxides / David L. Dull (January 26, 1967)
• Recent applications of the Woodward-Hoffmann rules / James M. Beard (February 2, 1967)
• Reactions of rhodium and iridium in organic chemistry / Thomas K. Schaaf (February 9, 1967)
• The structure of fusidic acid / Nicholas C. Ling (February 16, 1967)
• Stereochemistry of Friedel-Crafts alkylations / by Alexander J. Pandell (February 23, 1967)
• The structure and total synthesis of cassaic acid / Victor A. Fung (March 2, 1967)
• The structure of the macrolide antibiotic pimaricin / William H. Faul (March 9, 1967)
• Halogenation with trivalent phosphorus / James R. Trudell (April 13, 1967)
• Recent advances in stereochemistry at asymmetric silicon / Michael Biernbaum (April 20, 1967)
• Chlorocarbenes / Winston K. Robbins (April 27, 1967)
• NMR nonequivalence and asymmetry / James A. Dale (May 4, 1967)
• Lead tetraacetate oxidations : reactions with alcohols / Peter Roller (May 25, 1967)
• Synthetic transformations in alkaloid chemistry / Gary Dean Stelling (June 8, 1967)
• Organocopper (I) chemistry : variations on a theme / by Jeffrey Schwartz (October 26, 1967)
• A new model for the asymmetric reduction of carbonyl groups / by Jeffrey Shindelman (November 16, 1967)
• Torsional effects in the non-classical ion problem / by W. C. Archie, Jr. (November 30, 1967)
• Mechanistic analogues of vitamin B₁₂ / by Kathlyn Parker (November 9, 1967)

• Structure and physical properties- inductive and mesomeric effects
• basic stereochemistry
• reaction mechanisms - basic principles
• organic acids and bases
• halogen compounds
• alcohols, phenols and ethers
• aldehydes and ketones
• carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• alkenes and alkynes
• aromatic compounds
• amines, amino acids and diazonium salts
• free radical reactions
• guided route and short answer questions
• comments and outline answers to self-test questions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book covers the first year of undergraduate courses in organic chemistry. Each chapter provides notes followed by examples showing how to approach all the different problems which occur at this level. Each chapter concludes with questions taken from examination papers. The author also wrote "Ionic Organic Mechanisms".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction to Aromatic Fluorination
• 2. Halex Chemistry
• 3. The Balz-Schiemann Reaction and Related Chemistry
• 4. Other Aromatic Fluorination Methodologies
• 5. Trifluoromethylaromatics
• 6. Trifluoromethylthioaromatics and Trifluoromethylsulfonylaromatics
• 7. Other Aromatic Ring Substituents
• 8. Industrial Aspects of Aromatic Fluorine Chemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Academia and industry join forces in Aromatic Fluorination, as an expert from each domain contributes to this new text on fluorination of carbocyclic and heterocyclic rings. The book begins with a discussion of fluorine's unique combination of properties, including size, electronic effects, and hydrophobicity, as well as the historical development of its product applications. It explains methods for introducing fluorine into an aromatic ring, focusing on nucleophilic fluorine transfer reactions. The role of catalysts, solvents, and other variables are examined, and the scope and limitations of the methods are discussed. Of particular interest to those working in non-specialist laboratories, Aromatic Fluorination includes detailed descriptions of the new electrophilic routes to fluoroaromatics, in addition to traditional routes and alternative methods involving radical chemistry. Because one of the most important fluorine-containing substituent is CF3, the book explains routes to benzotrifluorides (ArCF3), including traditional industrial methods and modern alternatives employing C-1 halofluorocarbons and other fluoroaliphatics. An alternative to CF3 is CF3S, and several methods of synthesizing aromatic CF3S-containing molecules are described. Since the successful development and diverse applications of aromatic fluorine compounds have led to the search for new compounds and novel substituents, the incorporation of other substituents is also explored. Aromatic Fluorination concludes with discussion of the factors responsible for the successful development of pharmaceutical, agrochemical and liquid crystal applications and the potential for applications in high-performance polymers and other areas. This section also describes in detail important industrial aromatic fluorination processes and the relative merits of different process technologies and their costs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• chapter 1 Introduction / Andrew M. Harned
• chapter 2 Alcohols and Phenols as Hydrogen Bonding Catalysts / Yunus Emre Türkmen
• chapter 3 Phosphoric Acid Catalysis / Jia-Hui Tay
• chapter 4 Halogen Bond Catalysis
• An Emerging Paradigm in Organocatalysis / Choon-Hong Tan
• chapter 5 Catalysis with Selenium and Sulfur / Yi An Cheng
• chapter 6 Use of Phosphine Oxides as Catalysts and Precatalysts / Zhiqi Lao
• chapter 7 N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalysis
• Homoenolate and Enolate Reactivity / Xinqiang Fang
• chapter 8 Other Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysts / Andrew M. Harned.

Since the 1990s the synthetic community has shown a growing interest in the development of catalytic reactions that employ entirely organic catalysts - so-called 'organocatalysts'. With the current emphasis on green chemistry throughout the chemical industry, organocatalysis has become indispensible. In spite of this growth and recognition, there can be a misconception that organocatalysts are only based on nitrogen-containing functional groups (amines, ureas, and quaternary ammonium salts, for example), and are only useful for asymmetric reactions. Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysis shows that the umbrella of organocatalysis covers other main group elements besides nitrogen, and the coverage is not just limited to asymmetric methods. Many of the catalysts and mechanisms discussed may not have a viable asymmetric variant or cannot be rendered asymmetric at all. This does not make them any less useful, as illustrated in this book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)