• Acknowledgments List of Illustrations
• 1. Introduction: Understanding Eighteenth-Century Leiden Anatomy
• 2. Elegant Anatomy: Aesthesis
• 3. Quicksilver Anatomy: Exploring the Lymphatic System with Mercury
• 4. Hands, Lace, and Plants: Meaningful Embellishments
• 5. Beautiful Monsters: How Deformity Can Be Elegant
• 6. Colonial Bodies: Collecting the Exotic Other
• 7. Back to the Bone: The End of Aesthesis
• 8. Conclusion: Aesthesis and the Future of Historical Anatomical Collections Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Elegant Anatomy Marieke Hendriksen offers an account of the material culture of the eighteenth-century Leiden anatomical collections, which have not been studied in detail before. The author introduces the novel analytical concept of aesthesis, as these historical medical collections may seem strange, and undeniably have a morbid aesthetic, yet are neither curiosities nor art. As this book deals with issues related to the keeping and displaying of historical human remains, it is highly relevant for material culture and museum studies, cultural history, the history of scientific collections and the history of medicine alike. Unlike existing literature on historical anatomical collections, this book takes the objects in the collections as its starting point, instead of the people that created them.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Figures Prologue in St Petersburg
• 1 The Anatomy Lesson Apothecary's Apprentice Anatomical Knowledge Heroes Examination Family Louis de Bils Discoveries Idle Boasting Vivisection Descartes Research Preservation Secret Formulas Doctorate Confrontation with De Bils
• 2 Established and Envied Appointment in Amsterdam Medical Bastions An Established Anatomist Hardened Wax Research Professorship Anatomy Lesson Intellectuals in Power Midwifery Opposition Gluttonous Tipplers
• 3 Under Fire Accusations Intimidation Opposing Ruysch A Nobody New Knowledge, Old Certainties The Insolvent Estate Radical Supporters
• 4 Ruysch at Work The Surgeons' Guild The Battle for Bodies The Amsterdam Hortus Botanicus The House on the Bloemgracht A Private Museum Idle Inventions Surgery The Workplace
• 5 Rivals Perfection Rivalry King Stupidity Discrediting Rivals Malice Aforethought Peter the Great in Amsterdam From Brain to Scrotum Stone-cutting Ruysch, Rau and Bidloo
• 6 The Collection Capriccio Anatomico Specimens Animals Wonders The Republic of Letters Lessons Deceit Visitors Physico-theology
• 7 The Return of Peter the Great Collection for Sale A Return Visit Secret The Collection Moves East
• 8 Reproduction Rachel A Dutiful Father Hendrik Ruysch's Lessons in Obstetrics The Placenta The Shaft The Development of the Embryo The Mystery of Reproduction
• 9 Latter Days Approaching Death Late Work Discussion with Boerhaave Plant Anatomy Final Work Father and Son
• 10 Ruysch's Legacy Possible Successors Broken Hip The Estate Tradition versus Enlightenment: Titsingh and Ulhoorn Biography The Secret The Preparations in the Kunstkamera Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

From around 1650 until well into the nineteenth century, Frederik Ruysch enjoyed international fame as an anatomist. He owed his renown to a preparation method that greatly aided early-modern scientists in their exploration of the human body and transformed dissection from a messy business into a widely admired art. Ruysch's anatomical collection was one of Amsterdam's tourist attractions, for his embalmed bodies were astonishingly lifelike in appearance. The visitors who gazed with amazement at his preparations included the Russian tsar Peter the Great, who was so moved by the sight of an embalmed boy that he kneeled down to kiss him. The tsar later bought Ruysch's entire collection and had all the specimens shipped to St Petersburg, where they still attract visitors from all over the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Chapter 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1-1 Physical Principles 1-2 Extraction of Spatial Information 1-3 T1 and T2 Defined 1-4 TR and TE Defined 1-5 T1 and T2 Relaxation 1-6 Factors Determining the Appearance of MRI Scans 1-7 T1-weighted Images 1-8 T2-weighted Images 1-9 CT versus MRI of Hemorrhage 1-10 Diffusion Weighted Imaging 1-11 Perfusion Weighted Imaging 1-12 High Resolution 3D Rapid Imaging 1-13 Paramagnetic Contrast Agents 1-14 Surface-Coil Techniques 1-15 Magnetic strength 1-16 Contraindications
• Chapter 2 Computed Tomography 2-1 Physical Principles 2-2 Clinical Imaging Devices 2-3 Windows 2-4 Axial-Plane Imaging 2-5 Multiplanar Reconstruction 2-6 Computer Analysis 2-7 Contrast Enhancement in CT 2-8 Perfusion Computed Tomography 2-9 X-Ray Dosage
• Chapter 3 Angiography and Other Specialized Imaging 3-1 MR and CT angiography and venography 3-2 MR spectroscopy 3-3 Functional MRI
• Chapter 4 Ordering and Interpreting Images 4-1 Selection of Technique 4-2 Interpreting Images 4-3 Examination of Images Summary Suggested Readings.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Ophthalmologists are often the first clinicians to evaluate a patient harboring an underlying intraorbital or intracranial structural lesion. This unique position makes it particularly important for them to understand the basic mechanics, indications, and contraindications for the available orbital and neuroimaging studies (e.g., CT and MR imaging), as well as any special studies that may be necessary to fully evaluate the suspected pathology. It is equally important for them to be able to communicate their imaging questions and provide relevant clinical information to the interpreting radiologist. Since the publication of the original edition of this American Academy of Ophthalmology Monograph in 1992, new techniques and special sequences have improved our ability to detect pathology in the orbit and brain that are significant for the ophthalmologist. In this second edition of Monograph 6, Johnson, Policeni, Lee, and Smoker have updated the original content and summarized the recent neuroradiologic literature on the various modalities applicable to CT and MR imaging for ophthalmology. They emphasize vascular imaging advances (e.g., MR angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA), MR venography (MRV), and CT venography (CTV) and specific MR sequences (e.g., fat suppression, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), gradient recall echo imaging (GRE), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), and dynamic perfusion CT (PCT)). They have also included tables that outline the indications, best imaging recommendations for specific ophthalmic entities, and examples of specific radiographic pathology that illustrate the relevant entities. The goal of this Monograph is to reinforce the critical importance of accurate, complete, and timely communication-from the prescribing ophthalmologist to the interpreting radiologist-of the clinical findings, differential diagnosis, and presumed topographical location of the suspected lesion in order for the radiologist to perform the optimal imaging study, and ultimately, to receive the best interpretation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Chapter 1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1-1 Physical Principles 1-2 Extraction of Spatial Information 1-3 T1 and T2 Defined 1-4 TR and TE Defined 1-5 T1 and T2 Relaxation 1-6 Factors Determining the Appearance of MRI Scans 1-7 T1-weighted Images 1-8 T2-weighted Images 1-9 CT versus MRI of Hemorrhage 1-10 Diffusion Weighted Imaging 1-11 Perfusion Weighted Imaging 1-12 High Resolution 3D Rapid Imaging 1-13 Paramagnetic Contrast Agents 1-14 Surface-Coil Techniques 1-15 Magnetic strength 1-16 Contraindications
• Chapter 2 Computed Tomography 2-1 Physical Principles 2-2 Clinical Imaging Devices 2-3 Windows 2-4 Axial-Plane Imaging 2-5 Multiplanar Reconstruction 2-6 Computer Analysis 2-7 Contrast Enhancement in CT 2-8 Perfusion Computed Tomography 2-9 X-Ray Dosage
• Chapter 3 Angiography and Other Specialized Imaging 3-1 MR and CT angiography and venography 3-2 MR spectroscopy 3-3 Functional MRI
• Chapter 4 Ordering and Interpreting Images 4-1 Selection of Technique 4-2 Interpreting Images 4-3 Examination of Images Summary Suggested Readings.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Ophthalmologists are often the first clinicians to evaluate a patient harboring an underlying intraorbital or intracranial structural lesion. This unique position makes it particularly important for them to understand the basic mechanics, indications, and contraindications for the available orbital and neuroimaging studies (e.g., CT and MR imaging), as well as any special studies that may be necessary to fully evaluate the suspected pathology. It is equally important for them to be able to communicate their imaging questions and provide relevant clinical information to the interpreting radiologist. Since the publication of the original edition of this American Academy of Ophthalmology Monograph in 1992, new techniques and special sequences have improved our ability to detect pathology in the orbit and brain that are significant for the ophthalmologist. In this second edition of Monograph 6, Johnson, Policeni, Lee, and Smoker have updated the original content and summarized the recent neuroradiologic literature on the various modalities applicable to CT and MR imaging for ophthalmology. They emphasize vascular imaging advances (e.g., MR angiography (MRA), CT angiography (CTA), MR venography (MRV), and CT venography (CTV) and specific MR sequences (e.g., fat suppression, fluid attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR), gradient recall echo imaging (GRE), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI), perfusion weighted imaging (PWI), and dynamic perfusion CT (PCT)). They have also included tables that outline the indications, best imaging recommendations for specific ophthalmic entities, and examples of specific radiographic pathology that illustrate the relevant entities. The goal of this Monograph is to reinforce the critical importance of accurate, complete, and timely communication-from the prescribing ophthalmologist to the interpreting radiologist-of the clinical findings, differential diagnosis, and presumed topographical location of the suspected lesion in order for the radiologist to perform the optimal imaging study, and ultimately, to receive the best interpretation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Lower Face-- The Midface-- The Orbit and Eye-- Tooth Development and Associated Conditions-- The Cranium-- Some Lessons Learned.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is unique. It deals primarily with and brings together a wide-ranging group of essays spanning more than half a century's worth of research done by Bernard G Sarnat. Much of this historical review remains significant and germane today. Some material antedates the emergence of the specialties of craniofacial biology, craniofacial surgery, and bone biology, while many of the reports preceded the period of molecular biology. This book thus represents a fundamental pioneering contribution to a representative portion of the specialties.Building on past data reported by Sarnat, James P Bradley contributes significantly to the present by including recent works which cover issues dealing with stem cell, tissue regeneration and tissue engineering research. In addition, appropriately selected clinical work is included - a result of the further development and maturity of the specialties. And what does the future hold? No doubt unpredictable gigantic advances.The purpose of this selective, organized, and limited review, analysis, and summary of personally conducted experiments is to relate certain aspects of differential growth and change and nonchange to age, sites, rates, factors, and mechanisms. In many instances, correlations are made between research findings and clinical practice, and this retrospective study brings all of them together.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations; Preface; Introduction: Peculiar Intimacies; The History of the Carolina Twins. Told in "Their Own Peculiar Way" by "One of Them"; Biographical Sketch of Millie Christine, the Carolina Twin; "The Carolina Twins"; Intimate Loves and Lives of the Hilton Sisters, World Famous Siamese Twins; Souvenir and Life Story of San Antonio's Siamese Twins, Daisy and Violet Hilton; Chained for Life.

Conjoined twins have long been a subject of fantasy, fascination, and freak shows. In this first collection of its kind, Millie-Christine McKoy, African American twins born in 1851, and Daisy and Violet Hilton, English twins born in 1908, speak for themselves through memoirs that help us understand what it is like to live physically joined to someone else. ""Conjoined Twins in Black and White"" provides contemporary readers with the twins' autobiographies, the first two 'show histories' to be republished since their original appearance, a previously unpublished novella, and a nineteenth-century medical examination, each of which attempts to define these women and reveal the issues of race, gender, and the body prompted by the twins themselves. The McKoys, born slaves, were kidnapped and taken to Britain, where they worked as entertainers until they were reunited with their mother in an emotional chance encounter. The Hiltons, cast away by their horrified mother at birth, worked the carnival circuit as vaudeville performers until the WWII economy forced them to the burlesque stage. The hardships, along with the triumphs, experienced by these very different sister sets lend insight into our fascination with conjoined twins.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations; Preface; Introduction: Peculiar Intimacies; The History of the Carolina Twins. Told in "Their Own Peculiar Way" by "One of Them"; Biographical Sketch of Millie Christine, the Carolina Twin; "The Carolina Twins"; Intimate Loves and Lives of the Hilton Sisters, World Famous Siamese Twins; Souvenir and Life Story of San Antonio's Siamese Twins, Daisy and Violet Hilton; Chained for Life.

Conjoined twins have long been a subject of fantasy, fascination, and freak shows. In this first collection of its kind, Millie-Christine McKoy, African American twins born in 1851, and Daisy and Violet Hilton, English twins born in 1908, speak for themselves through memoirs that help us understand what it is like to live physically joined to someone else. ""Conjoined Twins in Black and White"" provides contemporary readers with the twins' autobiographies, the first two 'show histories' to be republished since their original appearance, a previously unpublished novella, and a nineteenth-century medical examination, each of which attempts to define these women and reveal the issues of race, gender, and the body prompted by the twins themselves. The McKoys, born slaves, were kidnapped and taken to Britain, where they worked as entertainers until they were reunited with their mother in an emotional chance encounter. The Hiltons, cast away by their horrified mother at birth, worked the carnival circuit as vaudeville performers until the WWII economy forced them to the burlesque stage. The hardships, along with the triumphs, experienced by these very different sister sets lend insight into our fascination with conjoined twins.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• 1. A Parliament Of Monsters
• 2. Arresting Features
• 3. Do The Locomotion
• 4. Life And Limb
• 5. Anything Goes
• Epilogue: Monstrous Behavior.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Two-legged goats, conjoined twins, 'Cyclops' infants with a single eye in the middle of their forehead, double-headed snakes, and Laloo, a man with a partially formed twin attached to his chest...In Freaks of Nature, Mark S. Blumberg turns a scientist's eye on these unusual examples of humans and other animals, showing how a subject once relegated to the sideshow can help explain some of the deepest complexities of biology. These examples of extreme bodily anomalies are in fact the natural products of development, and it is through such developmental mechanisms that evolution works. And Blumberg shows how 'freak' deformities can provide valuable windows on the intimate connections between genetics, development, the environment, and evolution. In taking seriously a subject that has often been shunned as discomfiting and embarrassing, Freaks of Nature takes the perspective of evolutionary developmental biology to shed new light on how individuals-and entire species-develop, survive, and evolve.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• 1. A Parliament Of Monsters
• 2. Arresting Features
• 3. Do The Locomotion
• 4. Life And Limb
• 5. Anything Goes
• Epilogue: Monstrous Behavior.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Two-legged goats, conjoined twins, 'Cyclops' infants with a single eye in the middle of their forehead, double-headed snakes, and Laloo, a man with a partially formed twin attached to his chest...In Freaks of Nature, Mark S. Blumberg turns a scientist's eye on these unusual examples of humans and other animals, showing how a subject once relegated to the sideshow can help explain some of the deepest complexities of biology. These examples of extreme bodily anomalies are in fact the natural products of development, and it is through such developmental mechanisms that evolution works. And Blumberg shows how 'freak' deformities can provide valuable windows on the intimate connections between genetics, development, the environment, and evolution. In taking seriously a subject that has often been shunned as discomfiting and embarrassing, Freaks of Nature takes the perspective of evolutionary developmental biology to shed new light on how individuals-and entire species-develop, survive, and evolve.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The shape of bones : tension and compression
• A fifty year love affair with spongy bone
• Ghosts of the past : muscles and bones
• Reversing development : from adult to gene!
• Now you see it, now you don't : hidden aspects of form
• The origins of ancient humans : 8,004,004 BC!
• Modern humans and heresies
• Homo floresiensis : a very cold case!
• Brains, babies and vitamin B12
• New wrinkles on old brains
• The wonder of human evolution.

The Leverhulme Trust (UK) required Charles Oxnard to present a series of public lectures during his tenure of a Leverhulme Professorship at University College, London. The lectures had to be understandable not only to undergraduate and graduate students and colleagues, but also to the interested lay public. Furthermore, they were expected to meet and venture beyond present-day thought in the subject. This near-impossible task is reproduced in this unique volume.

• Acknowledgments
• Abbreviations
• Illustrations
• Note to the Reader
• Preface
• General Introduction: Galen and his time
• PART ONE THE FRAMEWORK OF GALEN'S ANATOMICAL METHODOLOGY
• Chapter One: The development of the hegemonic concept: the medical and philosophical background
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Presocratic knowledge of the brain
• 1.3 The brain in the Hippocratic Corpus
• 1.4 Aristotle on the brain and the heart
• 1.5 Hellenistic medicine and the hegemonikon
• 1.6 The second century AD: a recovery of anatomical knowledge
• 1.7 Conclusion.

• Chapter Two: Galen's methods and materials for the investigation of the brain
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Galen's claims for anatomical demonstration
• 2.3 Galen's pneumatic physiology
• 2.4 Galen's empirical substrate: animal material
• 2.5 Conclusion
• PART TWO THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE BRAIN
• Chapter Three: The exposure and dissection of the brain
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 The parts of the brain: orientation and nomenclature
• 3.3 The cranial cavity and the anatomical exposure of the brain
• 3.4 The meninges (i): the dura mater and the dural foldings.

• 3.5 The meninges (ii): the dural venous sinuses
• 3.6 The meninges (iii): the venous sinuses and the torcular Herophili
• 3.7 The meninges (iv): the pia mater
• 3.8 Ventricular protection and support: the brain's deeper bodies
• 3.9 Conclusion
• Chapter Four: The anatomy of the ventricular system
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Ventricular symmetry: a constructed harmony
• 4.3 An overview of Galen's ventricular system
• 4.4 The anterior ventricles
• 4.5 The middle ventricle
• 4.6 The ""duct of Erasistratus"" and the vermiform epiphysis
• 4.7 The ""cavity of Herophilus"": the fourth ventricle.

• 4.8 Conclusion
• PART THREE A PHYSIOLOGY OF THE BRAIN
• Chapter Five: A methodology of ventricular function
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Galen's method of ventricular experimentation
• 5.3 The effects of pressure: chance and the youth from Smyrna
• 5.4 Pressure as an experimental technique
• 5.5 The effects of ventricular incision
• 5.6 The soul and the ventricles
• 5.7 Conclusion
• Chapter Six: The elaboration of psychic pneuma
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 The anatomy of the retiform plexus
• 6.3 The physiology of the retiform plexus: Galen's ""paradigm"" for pneumatic elaboration.

• 6.4 The anatomy and physiology of the choroid plexus
• 6.5 The experiment of carotid ligation
• 6.6 The limits of Galenic pneumatic physiology
• 6.7 Conclusion
• Chapter Seven: Conclusion
• Appendix One The doctrine of ventricular localisation
• Appendix Two Galenism and the status of the retiform plexus
• Glossary of Anatomical Terms
• Bibliography
• Index of Sources and List of Editions
• General index
• A
• B
• C
• D
• E
• F
• G
• H
• I
• J
• K
• L
• M
• N
• O
• P
• Q
• R
• S
• T
• U
• V
• W
• Y
• Z.

This book is a study of the ways in which Galen sought to establish the brain as the regent part (hegemonikon) of the body, utilising a rigorous anatomical epistemology and an often sophisticated (but perforce limited) set of physiological arguments Part One surveys the medical and philosophical past in which the study of the brain occured, and looks at the materials and methods which Galen employs to legitimate his hegemonic argumentation. Part Two examines Galen's anatomical understanding of the brain, especially the ventricles. Part Three offers a critical evaluation of Galen's physiolgy of the brain. This is the first monograph to offer a detailed account of this subject, setting it within the cultural and intellectual contexts of its era, and will be of interest to those in classics, medical history, history andphilosophy of science and the history of ideas.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Shoulder girdle and upper arm, chest wall--
• 2. Elbow, wrist, hand, forearm--
• 3. Pelvis, groin, hips--
• 4. Knee, thigh--
• 5. Ankle, foot, lower limb.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an increasingly widely used technique, but relatively few centres undertake enough scanning to have developed the requisite level of expertise and anatomical knowledge. This book is aimed at the radiology trainee, the practising radiologist with an interest in musculoskeletal work, sonographers and other clinicians in related disciplines such as orthopaedics and sports medicine, who are getting more directly involved in ultrasound at a 'hands-on' level. It aims to provide the reader with the essential grounding in normal ultrasound anatomy that they require in order to be able to assess when this anatomy is disrupted through injury and/or disease. The book will be structured systemically, each anatomical area of interest being covered by high quality ultrasound scans and accompanying, concise text. Around 100 individual anatomical descriptions are included in total and the ultrasound images presented would be a mixture of axial, sagital or coronal, to best illustrate the anatomy being described. Wherever possible, unlabelled versions of each scan will be set alongside anatomically labelled versions for clarity, and MR images are occasionally used for comparative puropses throughout the book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Shoulder girdle and upper arm, chest wall--
• 2. Elbow, wrist, hand, forearm--
• 3. Pelvis, groin, hips--
• 4. Knee, thigh--
• 5. Ankle, foot, lower limb.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Musculoskeletal ultrasound is an increasingly widely used technique, but relatively few centres undertake enough scanning to have developed the requisite level of expertise and anatomical knowledge. This book is aimed at the radiology trainee, the practising radiologist with an interest in musculoskeletal work, sonographers and other clinicians in related disciplines such as orthopaedics and sports medicine, who are getting more directly involved in ultrasound at a 'hands-on' level. It aims to provide the reader with the essential grounding in normal ultrasound anatomy that they require in order to be able to assess when this anatomy is disrupted through injury and/or disease. The book will be structured systemically, each anatomical area of interest being covered by high quality ultrasound scans and accompanying, concise text. Around 100 individual anatomical descriptions are included in total and the ultrasound images presented would be a mixture of axial, sagital or coronal, to best illustrate the anatomy being described. Wherever possible, unlabelled versions of each scan will be set alongside anatomically labelled versions for clarity, and MR images are occasionally used for comparative puropses throughout the book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)