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Over the last two decades, advances in the design, miniaturization, and analytical capabilities of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) instrumentation have led to its rapid and widespread adoption in a remarkably diverse range of applications in research and industrial fields. The impetus for this volume was that, as pXRF continues to grow into mainstream use, analysts should be increasingly empowered with the right information to safely and effectively employ pXRF as part of their analytical toolkit. This volume provides introductory and advanced-level users alike with readings on topics ranging from basic principles of pXRF and qualitative and quantitative approaches, through to machine learning and artificial intelligence for enhanced applications. It also includes fundamental guidance on calibrations, the mathematics of calculating uncertainties, and an extensive reference index of all elements and their interactions with X-rays. Contributing authors have provided a wealth of information and case studies in industry-specific chapters. These sections delve into detail on current standard practices in industry and research, including examples from agricultural and geo-exploration sectors, research in art and archaeology, and metals industrial and regulatory applications. As pXRF continues to grow in use in industrial and academic settings, it is essential that practitioners continue to learn, share, and implement informed and effective use of this technique. This volume serves as an accessible guidebook and go-to reference manual for new and experienced users in pXRF to achieve this goal.

• Bridged Lactams as Model Systems for Amidic Distortion / Tyler J Fulton, Yun E Du, Brian M Stoltz
• Modification of Amidic Resonance Through Heteroatom Substitution at Nitrogen: Anomeric Amides / Stephen A Glover, Adam A Rosser
• Amide Bond Activation by Twisting and Nitrogen Pyramidalization / Yuko Otani, Tomohiko Ohwada
• Transition-Metal-Free Reactions of Amides by Tetrahedral Intermediates / Marco Blangetti, Karen Vega-Hernández, Margherita Miele, Vittorio Pace
• Electrophilic Amide Bond Functionalization / Carlos R Gonçalves, Daniel Kaiser
• Transamidation of Carboxamides and Amide Derivatives: Mechanistic Insights, Concepts, and Reactions / Paola Acosta-Guzmán, John Corredor-Barinas, Diego Gamba-Sánchez
• Amide Bond Esterification and Hydrolysis / Kazushi Mashima, Takahiro Hirai, Haruki Nagae
• Activation of Amide C-N Bonds by Nickel Catalysis / Liana Hie, Tejas K Shah
• Pd-NHC Catalysis in Cross-Coupling of Amides / Faez S Alotaibi, Michael R Chhoun, Gregory R Cook
• Cross-Coupling of Amides Through Decarbonylation / Hong Lu, Hao Wei
• Transition Metal-Catalyzed Radical Reactions of Amides / Taline Kerackian, Didier Bouyssi, Nuno Monteiro, Abderrahmane Amgoune
• W einreb Amide as a Multifaceted Directing Group in C - H Activation / Jayabrata Das, Debabrata Maiti
• Computational Studies of Amide C-N Bond Activation / Xin Hong, Pei-Pei Xie, Zhi-Xin Qin, Shuo-Qing Zhang
• Esters as Viable Acyl Cross-Coupling Electrophiles / Omid Daneshfar, Stephen G Newman
• Cross-Coupling of Aromatic Esters by Decarbonylation / Kei Muto, Junichiro Yamaguchi.

• Tentative table of contents: 1) Historical overview 2) Simple electronic and structural models (counting rules) 3) From Organic to Inorganic Aromatic Compounds 4) Stability, Reactivity, and Aromaticity 5) Descriptors of aromaticity: Geometric Criteria 6) Descriptors of aromaticity: Energetic Criteria 7) Descriptors of aromaticity: Magnetic Criteria 8) Descriptors of aromaticity: Electronic Criteria 9) Homoaromaticity 10) Heteroaromaticity 11) Moebius Aromaticity 12) Sigma, pi, delta, and phi Aromaticity 13) Distortivity of pi-electrons 14) Fullerenes and 3D-Aromaticity 15) Excited state aromaticity.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity A comprehensive review of the science of aromaticity, as well as its evolution, from benzene to atomic clusters In Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity: Concepts and Applications, a team of accomplished chemists delivers a comprehensive exploration of the evolution and critical aspects of aromaticity. The book examines the new global criteria used to evaluate aromaticity, including the Nucleus Independent Chemical Shift (NICS) index and the electronic indices based on electronic properties. Additional discussions of inorganic aromatic compounds developed in this century, which give rise to new concepts like multifold aromaticity, are included. Three-dimensional aromaticity found in fullerenes and nanotubes, Moebius aromaticity present in some annulenes, and excited state aromaticity are explored as well. This volume explores the geometrical, electronic, magnetic, and thermodynamic characteristics of aromatic and antiaromatic compounds and their reactivity properties. It also provides: A thorough historical overview of aromaticity, as well as simple electronic and structural models Comprehensive explorations of organic and inorganic aromatic compounds, concepts of stability and reactivity, and geometric, energetic, magnetic, and electronic criteria of descriptors of aromaticity Practical discussions of heteroaromaticity, as well as Moebius aromaticity and excited state aromaticity In-depth examinations of sigma, pi, delta, and phi aromaticity Perfect for graduate students, researchers, and academics interested in aromaticity, organometallic chemistry, and computational chemistry, Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity: Concepts and Applications will also earn a place in the libraries of professionals and researchers working in organic, inorganic, and physical chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Intro
• Title
• Copyright
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Asymmetric Autocatalysis: The Soai Reaction, an Overview
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.1.1 Characteristic Features of Life
• 1.1.2 Origin of Homochirality and Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess
• 1.2 Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.2.1 Principle of Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.2.2 Discovery of Asymmetric Autocatalysis of 5-Pyrimidyl, 3-Quinolyl, and 5-Carbamoyl-3-pyridyl Alkanols with Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess: The Soai Reaction
• 1.2.3 Trajectory Leading to the Discovery of Asymmetric Autocatalysis

• 1.2.4 The First Asymmetric Autocatalysis of 3-Pyridyl Alkanol
• 1.2.5 Highly Enantioselective Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.2.6 Discovery of Asymmetric Autocatalysis with Amplification of Enantiomeric Excess. The Soai Reaction
• 1.2.7 Investigation of the Mechanism of Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.3 Studies on the Origins of Homochirality by Using Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.3.1 Circularly Polarized Light
• 1.3.2 Chiral Inorganic Crystals of Quartz, Cinnabar, Sodium Chlorate, Retgersite, and the Enantiotopic Face of Achiral Crystals of Gypsum
• 1.3.3 Organic Crystals

• 1.4 Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis
• 1.4.1 Realization of Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis
• 1.4.2 Absolute Asymmetric Synthesis under Solid-Vapor Conditions
• 1.5 Chiral Hydrogen, Carbon, Oxygen, and Nitrogen Isotopomers Act as the Origin of Homochirality in Conjunction with Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.6 Various Chiral Materials Including Cryptochiral Compounds as Triggers for Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 1.7 Unusual Phenomena of the Reversal of the Sense of Enantioselectivities Detected by Asymmetric Autocatalysis

• 1.8 Application of Asymmetric Autocatalysis for the Synthesis of Various Chiral Compounds
• 1.9 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 2 Asymmetric Autocatalysis Initiated by Enantioenriched Chiral Organic Compounds: The Link Between Circularly Polarized Light and Nearly Enantiopure Organic Compounds
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Asymmetric Autocatalysis Initiated by Various Chiral Compounds
• 2.3 Chiral Discrimination of Cryptochiral Saturated Quaternary Hydrocarbons

• 2.4 Correlation Between Circularly Polarized Light and Highly Enantioenriched Organic Compounds Mediated by Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 2.5 Conclusion
• Acknowledgements
• References
• Chapter 3 Asymmetric Autocatalysis Triggered by the Chirality of Minerals, Organic Crystals, and Surfaces
• 3.1 Crystal Chirality of Achiral Compounds
• 3.2 Chirality of Minerals and Inorganic Crystals as a Trigger for Asymmetric Autocatalysis
• 3.2.1 SiO2 Quartz
• 3.2.2 Sodium Chlorate and Bromate
• 3.2.3 Cinnabar HgS
• 3.2.4 Retgersite
• 3.3 Chirality of Organic Compounds

Asymmetric Autocatalysis provides a comprehensive introduction to the topic of autocatalysis and an in-depth review of the current state of the research.

• Front Matter
• New Catalysts and Activation Strategies in Asymmetric Organocatalysis. New Developments in Enantioselective Brønsted Acid Catalysis with Strong Hydrogen Bond Donors / Caroline Dorsch, Christoph Schneider
• Organosuperbases - Moving Beyond Classical Brønsted Base Catalysis / Azusa Kondoh, Masahiro Terada
• Asymmetric Phase-Transfer Catalysis - From Classical Applications to New Concepts / Jan Otevrel, Mario Waser
• Asymmetric Ion-Pairing and H-Bonding Catalysis / Esteban Matador, Rosario Fernández, José M Lassaletta, David Monge
• Isothiourea Catalysis - New Opportunities for Asymmetric Synthesis / Alastair J Nimmo, Claire M Young, Andrew D Smith
• Halogen-Bonding Organocatalysis - New Opportunities for Asymmetric Synthesis / Mikk Kaasik, Tõnis Kanger
• Merging Organocatalysis with Light - New Opportunities for Asymmetric Synthesis / José Alemán, Leyre Marzo, Jose A Fernández-Salas, Alberto Fraile
• Asymmetric Electrochemical Organocatalysis: New Opportunities for Synthesis / Yingdong Duan, Qifeng Lin, Sanzhong Luo
• Synergistic Organo-Organocatalysis / Fabio Pesciaioli, Valeria Nori, Arianna Sinibaldi, Armando Carlone
• Merging Organocatalysis with Metals - New Opportunities for Asymmetric Synthesis / Ramon Rios
• Immobilized Organocatalysts for Enantioselective Continuous Flow Processes / Carles Rodríguez-Escrich, Miquel A Pericàs
• Mechanochemistry and High-Pressure Techniques in Asymmetric Organocatalysis / Rafał Kowalczyk
• Organocatalytic Reactions Under Nontraditional Conditions / C Gabriela Ávila-Ortiz, Alberto Vega-Peñaloza, Eusebio Juaristi
• New Organocatalytic Synthetic Methodologies. Merging Organocatalysis with Vinylogy - New Opportunities for Asymmetric Synthesis / Claudio Curti, Andrea Sartori, Lucia Battistini, Franca Zanardi
• Organocatalytic Umpolung Strategies: Beyond Classical Reactivity Patterns / Sayan Shee, Arghya Ghosh, Akkattu T Biju
• Dearomative Organocatalytic Strategies / Xue Song, Zhi-Chao Chen, Wei Du, Ying-Chun Chen
• From Organocatalytic Cycloadditions to Asymmetric Higher-Order Cycloadditions / Karl Anker Jørgensen, K N Houk
• Asymmetric Organocatalysis - From a Process Development Perspective / Hao Jiang, Björn Gschwend, Yang Li
• Mechanisms of Organocatalytic Reactions. Computational Studies - A Useful Tool in Elucidation of Mechanisms of Organocatalytic Reactions / Simarpreet Singh, Jorge Dourado, Rebecca L Davis
• A Tutorial on Kinetic-Assisted Mechanistic Analysis in Asymmetric Aminocatalysis / Jordi Burés, Alan Armstrong, Donna G Blackmond
• Mayr Linear Free Energy Relationship: A Powerful Tool for Understanding Aminocatalyzed Reactions / Sami Lakhdar.

Chemical Reactivity in Quantum Mechanics and Information Theory introduces a thermodynamic-like description of molecular systems and provides an objective treatment of their fragments. The book formulates adequate entropic tools for probing in chemical terms and the electronic structure of molecules and rationalizing reactivity principles. It covers the information origins of chemical bonds, covalent/ionic composition, trends in molecular stability and reactivity, equilibrium polarizations and charge-transfer reconstructions of reactive complexes, as well as the phase/current promotions of molecular substrates. In addition, the book introduces a precise descriptor of molecular fragments and clarifies mostly intuitive semantics of several chemical concepts. Readers will find a precise and unbiased description of chemical reactivity phenomena in Donor-Acceptor systems in terms of quantum states and generalized concepts of Information/Communication theories.

• List of Contributors xiii Preface xvii Introduction and Brief Summary of the LIBS Development 1 Part I Introduction to LIBS 5
• 1 LIBS Fundamentals 7 Mohamad Sabsabi 1.1 Interaction of Laser Beam with Matter 8 1.2 Basics of Laser-Matter Interaction 9 1.3 Processes in Laser-Produced Plasma 10 1.4 Factors Affecting Laser Ablation and Laser-Induced Plasma Formation 11 1.4.1 Influence of Laser Parameters on the Laser-Induced Plasmas 11 1.4.2 Laser Wavelength ( ) 12 1.4.3 Laser Pulse Duration ( ) 12 1.4.4 Laser Energy (E) 13 1.4.5 Influence of Ambient Gas 13 1.5 Plasma Properties and Plasma Emission Spectra 14 References 15
• 2 LIBS Instrumentations 19 Mohamad Sabsabi and Vincenzo Palleschi 2.1 Basics of LIBS instrumentations 19 2.2 Lasers in LIBS Systems 20 2.3 Desirable Requirements for Atomic Emission Spectrometers/Detectors 22 2.4 Spectrometers 23 2.4.1 Czerny-Turner Optical Configuration 23 2.4.2 Paschen-Runge Design 24 2.4.3 Echelle Spectrometer Configuration 25 2.5 Detectors 26 2.5.1 Photomultiplier Detectors 26 2.5.2 Solid-State Detectors 27 2.5.3 The Interline CCD Detectors 27 2.5.3.1 The Image Intensifier 28 References 29
• 3 Applications of LIBS 31 Vincenzo Palleschi and Mohamad Sabsabi 3.1 Industrial Applications 31 3.1.1 Metal Industry 31 3.1.2 Energy Production 34 3.2 Biomedical Applications 34 3.3 Geological and Environmental Applications 36 3.4 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology Applications 37 3.5 Other Applications 37 References 38 Part II Simplications of LIBS Information 45
• 4 LIBS Spectral Treatment 47 Sabrina Messaoud Aberkane, Noureddine Melikechi and Kenza Yahiaoui 4.1 Introduction 47 4.2 Baseline Correction 47 4.2.1 Polynomial Algorithm 48 4.2.2 Model-free Algorithm 49 4.2.3 Wavelet Transform Model 52 4.3 Noise Filtering 55 4.3.1 Wavelet Threshold De-noising (WTD) 55 4.3.2 Baseline Correction and Noise Filtering 59 4.4 Overlapping Peak Resolution 60 4.4.1 Curve Fitting Method 61 4.4.2 The Wavelet Transform 64 4.5 Features Selection 66 4.5.1 Principal Component Analysis 68 4.5.2 Genetic Algorithm (GA) 68 4.5.3 Wavelet Transformation (WT) 68 References 71
• 5 Principal Component Analysis 81 Mohamed Abdel-Harith and Zienab Abdel-Salam 5.1 Introduction 81 5.1.1 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) 81 5.2 The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) 82 5.3 PCA in Some LIBS Applications 83 5.3.1 Geochemical Applications 83 5.3.2 Food and Feed Applications 85 5.3.3 Microbiological Applications 88 5.3.4 Forensic Applications 91 5.4 Conclusion 94 References 94
• 6 Time-Dependent Spectral Analysis 97 Fausto Bredice, Ivan Urbina, and Vincenzo Palleschi 6.1 Introduction 97 6.2 Time-Dependent LIBS Spectral Analysis 98 6.2.1 Independent Component Analysis 98 6.2.2 3D Boltzmann Plot 102 6.2.2.1 Principles of the Method 103 6.3 Applications 109 6.3.1 3D Boltzmann Plot Coupled with Independent Component Analysis 109 6.3.2 Analysis of a Carbon Plasma by 3D Boltzmann Plot Method 109 6.3.3 Assessment of the LTE Condition Through the 3D Boltzmann Plot Method 114 6.3.4 Evaluation of Self-Absorption 114 6.3.5 Determination of Transition Probabilities 118 6.3.6 3D Boltzmann Plot and Calibration-free Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopy 121 6.4 Conclusion 123 References 123 Part III Classification by LIBS 127
• 7 Distance-based Method 129 Hua Li and Tianlong Zhang 7.1 Cluster Analysis 132 7.1.1 Introduction 132 7.1.2 Theory 133 7.1.2.1 K-means Clustering 133 7.1.2.2 Hierarchical Clustering 134 7.1.3 Application 135 7.2 Independent Components Analysis 138 7.2.1 Introduction 138 7.2.2 Theory 138 7.2.3 Application 140 7.3 K-Nearest Neighbor 143 7.3.1 Introduction 143 7.3.2 Theory 143 7.3.3 Application 145 7.4 Linear Discriminant Analysis 145 7.4.1 Introduction 145 7.4.2 Theory 148 7.4.2.1 The Calculation Process of LDA (Two Categories) 148 7.4.3 Application 151 7.5 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis 153 7.5.1 Introduction 153 7.5.2 Theory 155 7.5.3 Application 157 7.6 Principal Component Analysis 161 7.6.1 Introduction 161 7.6.2 Theory 164 7.6.3 Application 166 7.7 Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy 174 7.7.1 Introduction 174 7.7.2 Theory 175 7.7.3 Application 177 7.8 Conclusion and Expectation 180 References 181
• 8 Blind Source Separation in LIBS 189 Anna Tonazzini, Emanuele Salerno, and Stefano Pagnotta 8.1 Introduction 189 8.2 Data Model 193 8.3 Analyzing LIBS Data via Blind Source Separation 193 8.3.1 Second-order BSS 193 8.3.2 Maximum Noise Fraction 194 8.3.3 Independent Component Analysis 196 8.3.4 ICA for Noisy Data 197 8.4 Numerical Examples 197 8.5 Final Remarks 206 References 207
• 9 Artificial Neural Networks for Classification 213 Jakub Vrabel, Erik Kepes, Pavel Porizka, and Jozef Kaiser 9.1 Introduction and Scope 213 9.2 Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) 214 9.3 Cost Functions and Training 216 9.4 Backpropagation 219 9.5 Convolutional Neural Networks 221 9.6 Evaluation and Tuning of ANNs 224 9.7 Regularization 227 9.8 State-of-the-art LIBS Classification Using ANNs 229 9.9 Summary 233 Acknowledgments 234 References 234
• 10 Data Fusion: LIBS + Raman 241 Beatrice Campanella and Stefano Legnaioli 10.1 Introduction 241 10.2 Data Fusion Background 242 10.3 Data Treatment 244 10.4 Working with Images 245 10.4.1 Vectors Concatenation 246 10.4.2 Vectors Co-addition 246 10.4.3 Vectors Outer Sum 246 10.4.4 Vectors Outer Product 247 10.4.5 Data Analysis 247 10.5 Applications 248 10.6 Conclusion 253 References 253 Part IV Quantitative Analysis 257
• 11 Univariate Linear Methods 259 Stefano Legnaioli, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Francesco Poggialini, Simona Raneri, and Vincenzo Palleschi 11.1 Standards 259 11.2 Matrix Effect 260 11.3 Normalization 261 11.4 Linear vs. Nonlinear Calibration Curves 264 11.5 Figures of Merit of a Calibration Curve 267 11.5.1 Coefficient of Determination 270 11.5.2 Root Mean Squared Error of Calibration 270 11.5.3 Limit of Detection 270 11.6 Inverse Calibration 273 11.7 Conclusion 274 References 274
• 12 Partial Least Squares 277 Zongyu Hou, Weiran Song, and Zhe Wang 12.1 Overview 277 12.2 Partial Least Squares Regression Algorithms 278 12.2.1 Nonlinear Iterative PLS 278 12.2.2 SIMPLS Algorithm 279 12.2.3 Kernel Partial Least Squares 279 12.2.4 Locally Weighted Partial Least Squares 280 12.2.5 Dominant Factor-based Partial Least Squares 281 12.3 Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis 282 12.4 Results of Partial Least Squares in LIBS 283 12.4.1 Coal Analysis 283 12.4.2 Metal Analysis 285 12.4.3 Rocks, Soils, and Minerals Analysis 285 12.4.4 Organics Analysis 291 12.5 Conclusion 291 References 295
• 13 Nonlinear Methods 303 Francesco Poggialini, Asia Botto, Beatrice Campanella, Stefano Legnaioli, Simona Raneri, and Vincenzo Palleschi 13.1 Introduction 303 13.2 Multivariate Nonlinear Algorithms 304 13.2.1 Artificial Neural Networks 304 13.2.1.1 Conventional Artificial Neural Networks 304 13.2.1.2 Convolutional Neural Networks 310 13.2.2 Other Nonlinear Multivariate Approaches 312 13.2.2.1 The Franzini-Leoni Method 312 13.2.2.2 The Kalman Filter Approach 313 13.2.2.3 Calibration-Free Methods 314 13.3 Conclusion 315 References 316
• 14 Laser Ablation-based Techniques - Data Fusion 321 Jhanis Gonzalez 14.1 Introduction 321 14.2 Data Fusion of Multiple Analytical Techniques 322 14.2.1 Low-level Fusion 322 14.2.2 Mid-level Fusion 323 14.2.3 High-level Fusion 324 14.3 Data Fusion of Laser Ablation-Based Techniques 324 14.3.1 Introduction 324 14.3.2 Classification of Edible Salts 326 14.3.2.1 LIBS and LA-ICP-MS Measurements of the Salt Samples 327 14.3.2.2 Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-MS of Salt Samples 327 14.3.2.3 PLS-DA Classification Model for Salt Samples 333 14.3.3 Coal Discrimination Analysis 334 14.3.3.1 LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS Measurements of the Coal Samples 335 14.3.3.2 Mid-Level Data Fusion of LIBS and LA-ICP-TOF-MS of Coal Samples 335 14.3.3.3 PCA Combined with K-means Cluster Analysis for Coal Samples 338 14.3.3.4 PLS-DA and SVM for Coal Samples Analysis 340 14.4 Comments and Future Developments 341 Acknowledgments 343 References 343 Part V Conclusions 347
• 15 Conclusion 349 Vincenzo Palleschi Index 351.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS A practical guide to the application of chemometric methods to solve qualitative and quantitative problems in LIBS analyses Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS, delivers an authoritative and practical exploration of the use of advanced chemometric methods to laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) cases. The book discusses the fundamentals of chemometrics before moving on to solutions that can be applied to data analysis methods. It is a concise guide designed to help readers at all levels of knowledge solve commonly encountered problems in the field. The book includes three sections: LIBS information simplification, LIBS classification, and quantitative analysis by LIBS. Each section of the book is divided into a description of relevant techniques and practical examples of its applications. Contributors to this edited volume are the most recognized international experts on the chemometric techniques relevant to LIBS analysis. Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS also includes: A thorough introduction to the simplification of LIBS information, including principal component analysis, independent component analysis, and parallel factor analysis Comprehensive explorations of classification by LIBS, including spectral angle mapping, linear discriminant analysis, graph clustering, self-organizing maps, and artifical neural networks Practical discussions of linear methods for quantitative analysis by LIBS, including calibration curves, partial least squares regression, and limit of detection In-depth examinations of multivariate analysis and non-linear methods, including calibration-free LIBS, the non-linear Kalman filter, artificial and convolutional neural networks for quantification Relevant for researchers and PhD students seeking practical information on the application of advanced statistical methods to the analysis of LIBS spectra, Chemometrics and Numerical Methods in LIBS will also earn a place in the libraries of students taking courses involving LIBS spectro-analytical techniques.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• About the Authors ix Preface xi
• 1 Levulinic Acid - History, Properties, Global Market, Direct Uses, Safety 1 1.1 History and Properties 1 1.2 Global Market 8 1.3 Direct Uses 10 1.4 Toxicity of Levulinic Acid and Inorganic Levulinates 12 1.5 Concluding Remarks 13 References 15
• 2 Production and Technological Routes 19 2.1 Production and Technological Routes from Biomass 19 2.2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass 23 2.2.1 Physical Pretreatment 23 2.2.1.1 Mechanical 24 2.2.1.2 Microwave 25 2.2.1.3 Ultrasound 25 2.2.2 Chemical Pretreatment 25 2.2.2.1 Acid Hydrolysis 25 2.2.2.2 Alkaline Hydrolysis 26 2.2.2.3 Ionic Liquids 27 2.2.2.4 Organosolv 27 2.2.3 Physicochemical Pretreatment 28 2.2.3.1 Steam Explosion (SE) 29 2.2.3.2 Liquid Hot Water (LHW) 29 2.2.3.3 Ammonia Fiber Expansion (AFEX) 30 2.2.3.4 Supercritical CO 2 Explosion 30 2.2.4 Biological Pretreatment 31 2.3 Production of Levulinic Acid from Lignocellulosic Biomass 32 2.3.1 Processes for LA Production: Homogeneous Catalysts 35 2.3.2 Processes for LA Production: Heterogeneous Catalysts 38 2.3.3 Processes for LA Production: Biphasic Systems 40 2.3.4 The Biofine Process of LA Production 41 2.3.5 Downstream Process of LA Recovery 42 2.4 Commercial Plants for the Production of LA 44 2.5 Conclusion 47 References 47
• 3 Levulinate Derivatives - Main Production Routes and Uses of Organic and Inorganic Levulinates Derivatives 65 3.1 Main Production Routes 65 3.1.1 Esterification of Levulinic Acid 65 3.1.2 Direct Production from the Alcoholysis of Polyschacarides 71 3.1.3 Alcoholysis of Furfural 76 3.1.4 Alcoholysis of 5-Hydroxymethyl Furfural 82 3.1.5 Production of Levulinate Inorganic Salts 86 3.2 Importance and Market of the Levulinate Derivatives 87 3.3 Uses of Organic Levulinate Derivatives 88 3.3.1 Food and Cosmetic 88 3.3.2 Fuel Additives 89 3.3.3 Plasticizers 90 3.3.4 Solvents 91 3.4 Uses of Inorganic Levulinate Derivatives 93 3.4.1 Antifreeze Additive 93 3.4.2 Cosmetic, Pharmaceutical, and Food 93 3.4.3 Miscellaneous Applications 94 3.5 Conclusion 95 References 96
• 4 Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation 107 4.1 Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation Products 107 4.1.1 -Valerolactone (GVL) 107 4.1.1.1 GVL Versus Ethanol 111 4.1.1.2 2-Methyl-tetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF) 111 4.1.1.3 1,4-Pentanediol (1,4-PDO) 112 4.1.1.4 Alkyl Valerates 113 4.2 Performance of GVL as Fuel Additive 113 4.3 Levulinic Acid to -Valerolactone 114 4.3.1 Conversion of GVL into 1,4-PDO and 2-MTHF 115 4.3.2 GVL to Butenes and Hydrocarbons 117 4.4 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Efficient Conversion of LA to GVL 121 4.4.1 Precious Metal Catalysts 121 4.4.2 Nonprecious Metal Catalyst 125 4.4.2.1 Copper-Based Catalysts 125 4.4.2.2 Nickel-Based Catalysts 127 4.4.2.3 Zirconium-Based Catalysts 130 4.4.2.4 Iron-Based Catalysts 130 4.5 Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of LA and GVL to 1,4-PDO and 2-MTHF 132 4.6 Types of Hydrogenating Agents 135 4.7 Patent Search of LA Hydrogenation 137 4.8 Conclusion 138 References 138
• 5 Carbonyl Reactions of Levulinic Acid - Ketals and Other Derivatives Formed Upon Reaction with the Carbonyl Group of Levulinic Acid. Production Routes, Technologies, and Main Uses 149 5.1 Levulinc Acid Ester Ketals Main Routes 150 5.1.1 Levulinic Acid Ester Ketals Main Uses 153 5.2 Succinic Acid 158 5.2.1 Petrochemical and Biotechnological Routes 158 5.2.2 Levulinic to Succinic Acid 163 5.2.3 Succinic Acid Main Uses 164 5.3 -Aminolevulinic Acid (DALA) Main Routes 167 5.3.1 -Aminolevulinic Acid Main Uses 169 5.4 5-Methyl-N-Alkyl-2-Pyrrolidone Main Routes 171 5.4.1 5-Methyl-N-Alkyl-2-Pyrrolidone Main Uses 177 5.5 Diphenolic Acid Main Routes 179 5.5.1 Diphenolic Levulinic Acid Main Uses 181 5.6 Conclusion 185 References 185
• 6 Levulinic Acid in the Context of a Biorefinery 197 6.1 Biorefinery 197 6.2 Sugar-Based Biorefinery 198 6.3 Levulinc Acid and Levulinates from a Sugar Cane Biorefinery 200 6.4 Production of -Valerolactone in a Sugar Cane Biorefinery 201 6.5 LA in the Context of a Biodiesel Plant 204 6.6 Conclusions 206 References 207 Index 209.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An essential overview of this renewable platform chemical with growing commercial applications Use of fossil fuels and their derivatives has been one of the major drivers of climate change. This ongoing crisis has driven a global search for biofuels and biomass-derived chemicals which can serve as the basis for sustainable and renewable industry. One such 'platform molecule' is Levulinic acid, whose derivatives are increasingly replacing traditional fossil-derived chemicals. The importance of Levulinic acid for renewable industry is therefore only growing. Levulinic Acid: A Sustainable Platform for Value-Added Products provides a book-length introduction to this chemical and its derivatives, like the levulinates, which applications include fuel additives, food and cosmetic preservatives, flavors, solvents, and more. The book surveys the production routes and necessary technologies involved in the production of levulinic acid, as well as its current and potential applications and typical chemical reactions. It provides a critical introduction a potentially rich source of alternative industrial material. Levulinic Acid readers will also find: Production routes from different biomass materials Treatment of both organic and inorganic levulinates Extensive discussion of levulinic acid hydrogenation Other derivatives formed upon reaction at the keto-functionality Levulinic Acid is the first ever book on this subject, ideal for researchers and industry professionals in green chemistry and sustainable/renewable production, as well as regulators and policymakers with a focus on the relevant industries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• An introduction to phase transitions and universality
• Universal critical behavior from theory and simulations
• Background on experimental techniques
• Critical behavior experiments on anisotropic and isotropic antiferomagnets
• Domains, excitations, and spin-glass-like behaviors
• Experiments on pure magnets with frustration
• The unusual magnetism of LaCoO3; a thermally excited exchange interaction and ordering at twin interfaces
• Conclusions and outstanding questions

Magnetic crystals are ideal systems to study the universal properties of phase transitions, particularly systems with quenched randomness and frustration. Pure systems with different symmetries provide the foundation for studies in corresponding systems with quenched randomness. Because phenomena near phase transitions have universal properties, results from bulk magnetic crystals provide a basis for understanding phase transitions in films and nanoparticles, as well as many non-magnetic materials.This motivates the subject of this book, which discusses phase transitions studies in magnetic crystals from the perspective of an experimentalist who has done extensive work in the field. The advantage is that many experimental techniques are described in sufficient detail for a good understanding of the results and their comparison to theory.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Photocatalytic and Adsorptive Removal of Textile Industrial Waste with Carbon-based Nanomaterials
• Abstract
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Carbon-Based Photocatalysts
• 1.3 Binary and Ternary Carbon-based photocatalysts
• 1.3.1 Graphite
• 1.3.2 GO
• 1.3.3 rGO
• 1.3.4 CNT
• 1.3.5 Other Promising Carbon Materials
• 1.4 Application of Carbon-based Materials in Wastewater Treatment
• 1.5 Performances and Mechanisms of Catalytic Materials
• 1.6 Conclusion and Prospective Application
• 1.7 References
• Chapter 2 Syntheses and Applications of Nanomaterial-Based Photocatalytic Air Purifier
• Abstract
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Properties of Purified Air
• 2.3 The Synthesis of Mixed-Phase Nanomaterials Photocatalysts
• 2.3.1 Hydrothermal and Solvothermal Methods
• 2.3.2 Sol-Gel Method
• 2.3.3 Solvent Mixing and Calcination Method
• 2.3.4 Physical Deposition
• 2.4 The Modifications of Substrate
• 2.4.1 TiO2- Alkaline earth metals
• 2.4.2 TiO2- Transition Metals
• 2.4.3 TiO2-Inorganic Compound
• 2.4.4 TiO2-Metal Oxide
• 2.4.5 TiO2- Reactive nonmetals
• 2.5 Photocatalytic Gas Reduction
• 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook
• 2.7 References
• Chapter 3 A Recent Review on Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction in Generating Sustainable Carbon-Based Fuels
• Abstract
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Fundamentals and Mechanisms of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
• 3.2.1 Thermodynamics of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
• 3.2.2 Process of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
• 3.2.3 Mechanisms and Kinetics of Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
• 3.3 Experimental Preparation and Setup
• 3.4 Photocatalyst Types, Selection and Preparation
• 3.4.1 Binary Metal System Photocatalysts
• 3.4.2 Ternary Metal System Photocatalysts
• 3.4.3 Quaternary Metal System Photocatalysts
• 3.5 Important Parameters
• 3.6 Product Characterization and Analysis
• 3.7 Product Selectivity
• 3.8 Challenges and Opportunities
• 3.9 Conclusion
• 3.10 Reference
• Chapter 4 Photocatalysts Heterojunction Bismuth-Based and with Halides BiOBrxI1-X Nitrogen Fixation: Fundamentals, Latest Advances, and Future Perspectives
• Abstract
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Photocatalytic Nitrogen Fixation Process.
• 4.2.1 Properties of Nitrogen Molecules
• 4.2.2 Photocatalytic Fixation of Nitrogen to Ammonia
• 4.3 Related Research Works
• 4.3.1 Nitrogen Fixation with Different Catalytic Materials
• 4.3.2 Reaction Mechanism and Yield of NH3
• 4.4 Application of Hetero-structured Photocatalysts in Artificial Nitrogen Fixation
• 4.4.1 Principles of Heterojunction Photocatalysts
• 4.4.2 Conventional Heterojunction Photocatalytic Systems
• 4.4.3 p-n Heterojunction Photocatalytic System
• 4.4.4 Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Systems
• 4.5 Conventional Heterojunction Photocatalytic System
• 4.5.1. Type-I Heterojunction.
• 4.5.2. Type-II Heterojunction.
• 4.5.3. Z-Scheme Heterojunction Photocatalytic System
• 4.6 Existing Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Prospects.
• Chapter 5 Semiconductor-Based Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution from Water Splitting: Light- Driven Energy Conversion and Storage
• Abstract
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.1.1. Water Splitting for Energy Conversion and Storage
• 5.1.2. Fundamental Processes in Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting
• 5.1.3. Semiconductors for Water Splitting
• 5.2. Climate Change and the Need for Renewable Energy
• 5.2.1 The Potential of Solar Energy
• 5.2.3 Harnessing Solar Energy
• 5.2.1 Storing Solar Energy
• 5.3 Photocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution
• 5.3.1. TiO2
• 5.3.2. BiVO4
• 5.3.3. WO3
• 5.3.4. Fe2O3
• 5.4. Strategies for Enhancing Photocatalytic Oxygen Evolution
• 5.4.1. Cocatalysts Loading
• 5.4.2. Heterojunction Construction
• 5.4.3. Doping and Vacancy Formation
• 5.5 Photogenerated Charge Separation and Charge Recombination
• 5.5.1 Strategies for Enhancing the Efficiency of Charge Separation
• 5.5.2 Improving Light Absorption
• 5.5.2 UV Light Photocatalysts
• 5.5.3 Visible Light Photocatalysts
• 5.5.4 Improving Efficiency
• 5.6
• Challenges, and Future Perspectives
• 5.7
• References
• Chapter 6 General outlooks and prospectives
• Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book highlights sustainable methods with photocatalytic activities to remediate environment and for energy conversion. The related photocatalytic materials are discussed in detail. Some significant photocatalytic applications in degrading industrial pollutants that include different organic dyes, purifying the polluted air, converting CO2 to alcohol fuels, storing energy from sunlight as ammonia by converting N2 to NH3, and splitting water by optimizing the oxygen evolution process are thoroughly elucidated. The chapters introduce the necessary materials and results, leading to a better conceptualization in order to work in the field of photocatalysis. Some related perspectives and outlooks are discussed in the last chapter for possible future developments.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Front Matter
• Introduction
• Silicon Electrochemistry - Toward Low-Carbon Economy
• Brief Historical Overview of Silicon Production. Metallurgical-Grade Silicon
• Physical and Chemical Properties of Silicon
• Silicon Refining: From Metallurgical-Grade to Electronic-Grade
• Silicon Electrowinning and Electrodeposition of Thin Layers
• Photoelectrochemistry and Nanogravimetry of Si and Si -Oxide Electrodes
• Electro-Deoxidation of Solid Compounds in Molten Salts
• Voltammetry and Basic Reactions of Silicon Electrode in Molten CaCl 2
• Si-SiO 2 Electrode in Molten CaCl 2
• Formation of Silicon Oxide Layer
• In Situ Studies of SiO 2 → Si Conversion - Synchrotron X -ray Diffraction
• Molten Oxide Electrochemistry at Ultra-High Temperatures
• Silicon Surface Structuring
• Electrochemical Si Surface Structuring and Formation of Black Silicon in High-Temperature Molten Salts
• Silicon Compositions - Perspectives for Semiconductor Production
• Silicon Photo-Electrodes for Water Splitting and Their Protection
• Conclusions, Outlook, and Challenges
• Index

Reasoning about structure-reactivity and chemical processes is a key competence in chemistry. Especially in organic chemistry, students experience difficulty appropriately interpreting organic representations and reasoning about the underlying causality of organic mechanisms. As organic chemistry is often a bottleneck for students' success in their career, compiling and distilling the insights from recent research in the field will help inform future instruction and the empowerment of chemistry students worldwide. This book brings together leading research groups to highlight recent advances in chemistry education research with a focus on the characterization of students' reasoning and their representational competencies, as well as the impact of instructional and assessment practices in organic chemistry. Written by leaders in the field, this title is ideal for chemistry education researchers, instructors and practitioners, and graduate students in chemistry education.

His life thrown into chaos by the death of his father in his youth, Linus Pauling persevered through an impoverished childhood to become one of the great scientists and humanitarians of the 20th century. In a stunningly original examination of the two-time Nobel Laureate, Oregon State University archivist Chris Petersen touches upon the major eras of Pauling's life and dials into specific episodes, themes, accomplishments, and failures at a level of detail that has not been put forth elsewhere. Topics exclusively covered here include Pauling's generative process as author of the groundbreaking text The Nature of the Chemical Bond; the colorful history of the Linus Pauling Institute; his symbiotic relationship with the W H Freeman & Co. publishing house; two entirely separate clashes with the United States Senate and the Soviet Academy of Science; and the story of his brilliant and troubled son Peter. Interspersed throughout the book are light pieces that narrate humorous moments in Pauling's life and other vignettes that lend insight into his seemingly maverick personality. The culmination of 15 years of research, Visions of Linus Pauling is a magisterial piece of work, equivalent to previously unseen footage of a blockbuster movie.The Pauling Blog: https://paulingblog.wordpress.com/2022/11/03/we-wrote-a-book/.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Why Use Active Learning? / Kovarik, Michelle L., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States; Robinson, Jill K., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States; Wenzel, Thomas J., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch001
• Getting Started on Active Learning / Kovarik, Michelle L., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States; Ott, Lisa S., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Chico, Chico, California 95929, United States; Robinson, Jill K., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut 06106, United States; Wenzel, Thomas J., Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch002
• Flipped Learning in the Analytical Chemistry Classroom / Harrison, Christopher R., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182; Stennett, Elana M. S., Department of Chemistry, Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456 / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch003
• Active Learning at a Community College / Barron, Donna M., Biology, Chemistry and Physics Department, Hudson Valley Community College, Troy, New York 12180, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch004
• Active Learning in Graduate Analytical Chemistry Courses / Balboa, Samantha J., Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States; Hicks, Leslie M., Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States; Minteer, Shelley D., Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States; Theberge, Ashleigh B., Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, United States, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch005
• Analytical Chemistry in Context / Destino, Joel F., Chemistry Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States; Gray, Sarah E., Chemistry Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States; Gross, Erin M., Chemistry Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, United States; Riley, Kathryn R., Chemistry Program, Stockton University, Galloway, New Jersey 08205, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 19081, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch006
• Use of Primary Literature in the Classroom: Quantitative and Instrumental Analysis Topics / Heiss, Elise M., Department of Chemistry and Physics, King's College, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania 18711, United States; Liu, Yan, Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, California 91768, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch007
• The Use of Simulations with Active Learning Exercises / Harvey, David T., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePauw University, Greencastle, Indiana 46135, United States; Le, An-Phong, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Florida Southern College, Lakeland, Florida 33801, United States; Lucy, Charles A., Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G2, Canada; Mosby, Brian M., Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States; Park, Ellane J., Department of Chemistry, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida 32789, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch008
• Hands-On Class Activities as a Way of Enhancing Breadth of Instrumental Methods /

• Multi-Week Lab Projects Incorporate Breadth and Depth into Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Courses / Hawk, Jennifer, Department of Biology Chemistry, and Physics, Converse University, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29302, United States; Ray, Steven J., Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States; Robinson, Jill K., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States; Thomas-Smith, Trudy E., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, State University of New York, Oneonta, New York 13820, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch013
• Semester-Long Projects in the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Curriculum / González-Mederos, Angela, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States, Department of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, San Germán, Puerto Rico 00683; Niemeyer, Emily D., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Southwestern University, Georgetown, Texas 78626, United States; Wenzel, Thomas J., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine 04240, United States, Department of Science and Technology, Inter American University of Puerto Rico, San Germán, Puerto Rico 00683 / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch014
• Alternative Assessment of Active Learning / Hunter, Rebecca A., Department of Chemistry, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey 08628, United States; Pompano, Rebecca R., Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States; Tuchler, Matthew F., Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia 24450, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch015
• Sustaining the Adoption of Active Learning / Cole, Renée S., Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ch016
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1409.ot001

"Implementing Student-Centered Learning in Analytical Chemistry. Significant research has shown the value of active learning approaches on student outcomes. However, customizing these principles to specific types of courses can be a challenge for instructors. This volume focuses on implementing active learning approaches in analytical chemistry courses. Chapters focus on exercises in both the classroom and laboratory as well as how to implement these exercises at different types of institutions. Effective strategies to facilitate and evaluate active learning are also provided. Faculty and instructors teaching analytical chemistry and related laboratory courses will find this volume helpful."-- Provided by publisher

• 1 Dimerization of Alkynes and Alkenes 1.1 Markovnikov Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes 1.2 anti-Markovnikov Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes 1.3 Dimerization of Terminal Alkenes 1.4 Cross-Dimerization of Alkynes with Alkenes
• 2 Multicomponent Cycloaddition Reactions of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons 2.1 Multicomponent Click Reactions 2.2 Multicomponent Diels-Alder Reactions 2.3 Multicomponent Cycloaddition Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis 2.4 Multicomponent Cycloaddition Reactions in Organic Material Synthesis
• 3 Addition of C(sp) - H Bond to Unsaturated Compounds 3.1 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Carbonyl Compounds 3.2 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Alkenes 3.3 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Nitriles 3.4 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Epoxides 3.5 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Imines 3.6 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Other Unsaturated Compounds
• 4 Functionalized Alkenes from Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes 4.1 Hydrocarbonation of Alkynes 4.2 Hydroborations of Alkynes 4.3 Hydrosilylation of Alkynes 4.4 Hydrostannylation of Alkynes 4.5 Hydroamination of Alkynes 4.6 Hydrophosphination, Hydrophosphinylation, Hydrophosphonylation of Alkynes 4.7 Hydrosulfurization of Alkynes 4.8 Addition of O-Nucleophiles to Alkynes
• 5 Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenes 5.1 Hydroborations of Alkenes 5.2 Hydrosilylation of Alkenes 5.3 Hydrostannylation of Alkenes 5.4 Hydroamination of Alkenes 5.5 Hydrophosphination, Hydrophosphinylation, Hydrophosphonylation of Alkenes 5.6 Hydrosulfurization of Alkenes 5.7 Addition of O-Nucleophiles to Alkenes
• 6 Double Functionalization of Alkynes and Alkenes by Addition Reaction of Element-Element Bond 6.1 Addition Reaction of Main-Group 3 Element-Element Bond 6.2 Addition Reaction of Main-Group 4 Element-Element Bond 6.3 Addition Reaction of Main-Group 5 Element-Element Bond 6.4 Addition Reaction of Main-Group 6 Element-Element Bond 6.5 Addition Reaction of Heteronuclear Element-Element Bond
• 7 Double Functionalization of Alkynes by Addition of Carbon-Element Bond 7.1 Addition Reaction of Carbon-Silicon Bond 7.2 Addition Reaction of Carbon-Tin Bond 7.3 Addition Reaction of Carbon-Sulfur Bond 7.4 Addition Reaction of Carbon-Selenium Bond 7.5 Addition Reaction of Carbon-Halogen Bond 7.6 Other Double Functionalization Reaction of Alkynes
• 8 Carbocycles from Cycloaddition of Alkynes and Alkenes 8.1 Four-Membered Carbocycles 8.2 Six-Membered Carbocycles 8.3 Addition of Aromatic C-H Bond to Alkynes 8.4 Addition of Olefinic C-H Bond to Alkynes
• 9 Heterocycles from Cycloaddition of Alkynes 9.1 Four-Membered Heterocycles 9.2 Five-Membered Heterocycles 9.3 Six-Membered Heterocycles 9.4 Other Heterocycles 9.5 Heterocycles from Intramolecular Cycloaddition
• 10 Carbonyl Compounds from Alkynes and Alkenes 10.1 Hydrolysis of Alkynes 10.2 Hydroformylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 10.3 Hydroacylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 10.4 Hydroamidation of Alkynes and Alkenes 10.5 Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 10.6 Cyclocarbonylation of Alkynes and Alkenes.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Dimerization of Alkynes and Alkenes 1.1 Markovnikov Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes 1.2 anti-Markovnikov (head-to-head) Dimerization of Terminal Alkynes 1.3 Dimerization and Cross-dimerization of Terminal Alkenes 1.4 Cross-Dimerization of Different Alkynes or Alkynes with Alkenes
• Chapter 2. Addition of C(sp)-H Bonds to Unsaturated Compounds 2.1 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Carbonyl Compounds 2.2 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Alkenes 2.3 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Imines 2.4 Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Other Compounds
• Chapter 3. Functionalized Alkenes from Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes 3.1 Hydroborations of Alkynes 3.2 Hydrosilylation of Alkynes 3.3 Hydrostannation of Alkynes 3.4 Hydroamination of Alkynes 3.4.1 Hydroamination of alkynes with primary amines 3.4.2 Hydroamination of alkynes with secondary amines 3.4.3 Cyclohydroamination of alkynes 3.4.4 Aminocarbonylation of alkynes 3.5 Hydrophosphination of Alkynes and Related H-P(O) Addition 3.5.1 Hydrophosphination of Alkynes 3.5.2 Addition of PV(O)-H bond to alkynes 3.6 Hydrothiolation of Alkynes 3.6.1 Markovnikov hydrothiolation of alkynes 3.6.2 anti-Markovnikov hydrothiolation of alkynes 3.7 Addition of O-Nucleophiles to Alkynes 3.7.1 Addition of alcohols and phenols to alkynes 3.7.2 Addition of acids to alkynes
• Chapter 4. Hydrofunctionalization of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds 4.1 Hydroboration of Alkenes 4.1.1 Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes 4.1.2 anti-Markovnikov hydroboration of alkenes 4.1.3 Hydroboration of allenes and 1,3-dienes 4.1.4 Asymmetric hydroboration of alkenes 4.2 Hydrosilylation of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds 4.2.1 Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov hydrosilylation of alkenes 4.2.2 Hydrosilylation of allenes 4.2.3 Hydrosilylation of 1,3-dienes 4.2.4 Asymmetric hydrosilylation of alkenes 4.3 Hydrostannation of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds 4.4 Hydroamination of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds 4.4.1 Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes 4.4.2 anti-Markovnikov hydroamination of alkenes 4.4.3 Hydroamination of allenes and 1,3-dienes 4.4.4 Asymmetric hydroamination of alkenes 4.4.5 Nitrogen-heterocycles from intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes 4.5 Hydrophosphination of Alkenes and Related PV(O)-H Addition 4.6 Hydrothiolation of Carbon-Carbon Double Bonds 4.7 Addition of O-Nucleophiles to Alkenes
• Chapter 5. Double Functionalization of Alkynes and Alkenes by Addition of Element-Element Bonds 5.1 Addition Reaction of Group 13 Element-Element Bonds 5.1.1 cis-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.1.2 trans-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.1.3 Addition reactions to alkenes 5.1.4 Synthesis of 1,1-diborylalkanes/alkenes via addition of B-B bond 5.2 Addition Reaction of Group 14 Element-Element Bonds 5.3 Addition Reaction of Group 15 Element-Element Bond 5.4 Addition Reactions of Group 16 Element-Element Bond 5.4.1 cis-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.4.2 trans-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.4.3 Different heteroatom bond addition reactions to alkynes 5.4.4 Addition reactions to alkenes 5.5 Addition Reactions of Element-Element Bonds from Different Group Heteroatoms 5.5.1 cis-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.5.2 trans-Addition reactions to alkynes 5.5.3 Addition reactions to alkenes
• Chapter 6. Double Functionalization of Alkynes by Addition of Carbon-Element Bonds 6.1 Addition Reactions of Carbon-Group 13 Bonds 6.2 Addition Reactions of Carbon-Group 14 Bonds 6.2.1 Addition reactions of carbon-silicon bonds 6.2.2 Addition reactions of carbon-germanium bonds 6.2.3 Addition reactions of carbon-tin bonds 6.3 Addition Reactions of Carbon-Group 15 Bonds 6.4 Addition Reactions of Carbon-Group 16 Bonds 6.4.1 Addition reactions of carbon-oxygen bonds 6.4.2 Addition reaction of carbon-sulfur bonds 6.4.3 Addition reactions of carbon-selenium bonds 6.5Addition Reactions of Carbon-Halogen Bonds to Alkynes 6.5.1 C(sp3)-X activation and its addition reactions 6.5.2 C(sp2)-X activation and its addition reactions 6.5.3 C(sp)-X activation and its addition reactions 6.6 Addition Reactions of Carbon-Carbon Single Bonds 6.6.1 Addition reactions of strained C-C bonds 6.6.2 Addition reactions of C-CN bonds 6.6.3 Other carbon-carbon bond cleavage and their addition reactions
• Chapter 7. Carbocycles from Annulation of Alkynes and Alkenes 7.1 Four-Membered Carbocycles 7.1.1 Construction of cyclobutenes 7.1.2 Construction of cyclobutanes 7.2 Five-Membered Carbocycles 7.2.1 Five-membered carbocycles by [2+2+1] cycloaddition 7.2.2 Five-membered carbocycles by [3+2] cycloaddition 7.2.3 Intramolecular cycloaddition of active sp3 C-H to carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds 7.2.4 Five-membered carbocycles from intramolecular cycloaddition of unsaturated bond 7.3 Six-Membered Carbocycles 7.3.1 Benzene ring formation 7.3.2 Naphthalene and polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) ring formation 7.3.3 1,3-Cyclohexadiene ring formation via cycloaddition of alkynes 7.4 Seven-Membered Carbocycles 7.5 Eight and Higher-Membered Carbocycles
• Chapter 8. Heterocycles from Cycloaddition of Alkynes 8.1 Four-Membered Heterocycles 8.2 Five-Membered Heterocycles 8.2.1 Pyrroles, furans and thiophenes synthesis 8.2.2 Indoles, benzo[b]furans, benzo[b]thiophenes and benzo[b]selenophenes 8.2.3 Five-membered rings with two heteroatoms 8.3 Six-Membered Heterocycles 8.3.1 Pyridine derivatives via cycloaddition of alkynes with nitriles 8.3.2 Benzopyridine derivatives (quinolines and isoquinolines) 8.3.3 2-Pyridone derivatives and their benzo-derivatives (quinolinones and isoquinolonones) 8.3.4 Six-membered N-heterocycles having two nitrogen atoms 8.3.5 2-Pyrone, coumarin, isocoumarin and chromone derivatives 8.4 Other Heterocycles
• Chapter 9. Carbonyl Compounds from Alkynes and Alkenes 9.1 Hydration of Alkynes 9.2 Hydroformylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 9.3 Hydroacylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 9.4 Hydroamidation of Alkynes and Alkenes 9.5 Hydrocarboxylation of Alkynes and Alkenes 9.6 Hydroesterification of Alkynes and Alkenes 9.7 Carbonylation of Alkynes and Alkenes
• Chapter 10. Natural Product Synthesis via Alkyne Transformation 10.1 Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes in Natural Product Synthesis 10.2 Double Functionalization of Alkynes in Natural Product Synthesis 10.3 Cycloaddition of Alkynes in Natural Product Synthesis 10.4 Carbonylation of Alkynes in Natural Product Synthesis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons Provides comprehensive coverage of the atom-economic approach to functionalized molecules using unsaturated hydrocarbons as starting materials Unsaturated hydrocarbons have emerged as an important class of fundamental starting materials in organic synthesis. Synthetic methodologies incorporating unsaturated hydrocarbons continue to expand due to their numerous applications in the synthesis of a vast array of chemicals. Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons presents an up-to-date overview of modern methods that utilize reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons as building blocks of organic synthesis, covering the conceptual and practical knowledge required for designing atom-efficient reactions to synthesize functionalized molecules. This authoritative volume discusses homo-dimerization and cross-dimerization of alkynes and/or alkenes, synthesis of carbonyl compounds from the hydration of alkynes, cycloadditions of alkynes and alkenes for the synthesis of carbocycles and heterocycles, double functionalization of alkynes and alkenes by addition reactions of element-element bonds, and more. Summarizes the most recent developments in the reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons Features more than 600 schemes describing typical reactions starting from unsaturated hydrocarbons Covers topics such as alkynylated reactions, addition and cycloaddition reactions of alkynes and alkenes, and carbonylation of alkynes and alkenes with carbon monoxide Includes examples of synthesis procedures of natural products involving alkyne transformation With comprehensive coverage of important reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons, Addition Reactions with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons is a valuable resource for organic chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, and biochemists in both academia and industry as well as an excellent reference text for graduate students in relevant areas of chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Short history of thermoelectric conjugated PEDOT development PEDOT preparation, morphology, and electronic structure Thermoelectric properties of PEDOTs Thermoelectric transport and PEDOT dependence Optimizing the thermoelectric performance of PEDOTs Thermoelectric PEDOTs: Derivatives, analogues, and copolymers PEDOT-based thermoelectric nanocomposites/hybrids Thermoelectric PEDOT measurement techniques Flexible and wearable thermoelectric PEDOT devices Challenges and perspectives.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

PEDOT is currently the most widely used polymeric material in research and development. Over the past 10 years, PEDOT has been investigated for potential organic thermoelectric applications because of its superior thermoelectric and mechanical properties compared with other conductive polymers. However, many challenges remain to be solved before it is translated into key technologies. Advanced PEDOT Thermoelectric Materials summarizes current progress and the challenges of PEDOT thermoelectric materials, while clarifying directions for future development. This book provides a comprehensive overview of chemical, physical, and technical information about this organic thermoelectric polymer. The authors also give details about the theoretical basis of PEDOT, including preparation and characterization, and its development as a high-performance thermoelectric material.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Photocatalysis: basics principles.- Strategy I: Doping
• Strategy II: Utilizing metal nanoparticles in the form of deposited or embedded formations
• Strategy III: Formation of heterojunction.- Strategy IV: Playing with morphology and structure of metal oxide materials.- Intrinsic deficiency.- Strategies to improve photocatalysts: future perspectives.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book investigates applicability of various emerging strategies to improve important properties and features of metal oxide materials that can be used further to advance their photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performances. The range of discussed strategies includes introduction of intrinsic and extrinsic deficiencies, fabrication of heterojunction and utilizing of metal nanoparticles in the form of deposited or embedded formations. Each of them is addressed as separate case in order to reach full and comprehensive assessment of their most fundamental principles and basics as well as accessing pivotal advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, additional discussion is dedicated to achieving thorough awareness over methods and experimental protocols that are used to realize them and also probing changes which they induce in electronic and geometrical configurations of metal oxide materials. It is believed that this book might become a valuable addition to extend further current knowledge about photocatalysis and material processing.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover
• Dedication
• Acknowledgement
• Preface
• Contents
• Chapter 1 Trace Element Analysis: Methodology, Instrumentation, Analytical Performance and Application
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Signature and Significance of Trace Elements
• 1.2.1 Signature
• 1.2.2 Trace Element Analysis in Geochemistry
• 1.3 Trace Element Analysis in Geological Samples
• 1.4 Analytical Techniques
• 1.4.1 Destructive Techniques
• 1.4.2 Non-destructive Tests
• 1.4.3 Hyphenation of Destructive Technique and Non-destructive Technique
• 1.5 Analytical Performance of Techniques

• 1.5.1 Advantages and Limitations of ICP- OES
• 1.5.2 Nuclear Analytical Techniques
• References
• Chapter 2 Geochemical Exploration
• 2.1 Geochemical Exploration
• 2.1.1 Precautions During Water Sample, Collection and Storage
• 2.2 Sampling
• 2.2.1 Relation of Maximum Particle Size to the Amount of Sample
• 2.2.2 Sampling Practice
• 2.3 Preparation of Samples for Analysis
• 2.3.1 Sample Preparation in DT
• 2.3.2 Cold Extraction Methods in Geochemical Exploration
• 2.4 Need for Chemical Analysis Subsequent toRadiological Assay for Radioactive Elements Like Uranium

• 2.5 Statistical Treatment of Analytical Data
• 2.5.1 Thresholds
• 2.5.2 Standard Deviation
• 2.5.3 Anomalous Values
• References
• Chapter 3 Determination of Trace Elements Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Some of the Ligands Used by Us
• 3.2.1 Preparation of the Ligand
• 3.3 Work With the Ligands
• 3.3.1 Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium
• 3.3.2 Sensitized Spectrophotometry
• 3.3.3 Spectrophotometry Employing Ternary Complex Formation
• 3.3.4 Derivative Spectrophotometry
• References

• Chapter 4 Determination of Trace Elements Using Flame AAS
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Simultaneous Determination of Nickel, Cobalt and Uranium in the Non-aqueous Phase
• 4.3 Experimental
• 4.3.1 Apparatus
• 4.3.2 Preparation of Reagents
• 4.3.3 Procedure
• 4.3.4 Results and Discussion
• 4.3.5 Application of the Method
• 4.3.6 Conclusion
• 4.4 Simultaneous Determination of Trace Heavy Metals Subsequent to Preconcentration
• 4.4.1 Experimental
• 4.4.2 Results and Discussion
• 4.4.3 Effect of Foreign Ions
• 4.4.4 Application of the Method
• 4.4.5 Conclusion
• 4.5 Interference in AAS

• 4.5.1 Physical Interference
• 4.5.2 Spectral Interference
• 4.6 Hydride and Cold Vapour Generation Technique/Kit (VGK)
• 4.7 Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry
• 4.7.1 Introduction
• 4.7.2 Atomization in a Graphite Furnace
• Heating Cycle
• 4.7.3 Drying Stage
• 4.7.4 Ashing Stage
• 4.7.5 Atomization Stage
• 4.7.6 Cleaning Cycle
• 4.7.7 Instrumentation
• 4.7.8 Graphite Tube Dimension
• 4.7.9 Choice of Graphite
• 4.7.10 Isothermal Atomization
• Platform Technique
• 4.7.11 Sample Loading
• 4.7.12 Background Correction in GF-AAS
• 4.7.13 Zeeman Background Correction

• 4.8 Direct Solid Sampling

This book covers a wide spectrum of destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques and recent developments in them for quantitation of trace elements.

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids, a Fascinating Class of Axially Chiral Biaryl Natural Products
• 3. Ancistrocladus, a Genus of Woody Lianas of the Monotypic Plant Family Ancistrocladaceae Widely Occurring in India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia
• 4.The Indian Liana Ancistrocladus heyneanus and Ancistrocladus hamatus from Sri Lanka: Early Studies and More Recent Discoveries
• Full Absolute Stereostructures of Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids Directly from Crude Extracts: Characterization of New Metabolites from Ancistrocladus griffithii by the HPLC-MS/MS-NMR-ECD Triad
• 6. Ancistrobenomine A, the First Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloid with a Hydroxymethylene Function at C-3, and Related 5,1'-Coupled Compounds
• 7. Ancistrocladus cochinchinensis from Central Vietnam, a Distinct Ancistrocladus Taxon? Metabolite Pattern und Phylogenetic Relationship to Ancistrocladus aff. tectorius from China
• 8.Widespread Throughout Southeast Asia: Ancistrocladus tectorius, a Rich Source of Unique, Structurally Most Diverse Mono- and Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids
• 9. Tables of the Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids and Related Compounds Isolated from Asian Ancistrocladus Species.

This book describes a unique class of secondary metabolites, the mono- and dimeric-naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids. They exclusively occur in lianas of the palaeotropical Ancistrocladaceae and Dioncophyllaceae plant families. Their unprecedented structures include stereogenic centers and rotationally hindered, and therefore stereogenic, axes. Extended recent investigations on six Ancistrocladus species from Asia, as reported in this contribution, shed light on their fascinating phytochemical productivity, with over 100 intriguing natural products. This high chemodiversity arises from a similarly unique biosynthesis from acetate-malonate units, following a novel polyketidic pathway to plant-derived isoquinoline alkaloids. Some of the compounds show most promising anti-parasitic activities. Additionally, strategies for the regio- and stereoselective total synthesis of the alkaloids, including the directed construction of the chiral axis, are also presented.

• Chapter 1. Introduction.-
• Chapter 2. Particle dynamics.-
• Chapter 3. Optical Feedback traps.-
• Chapter 4. Mpemba effect.-
• Chapter 5. Inverse Mpemba effect.-
• Chapter 6. Higher-order Mpemba effect.-
• Chapter 7. Conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The thesis presents a systematic study of the Mpemba effect in a colloidal system with a micron-sized particle diffusing in a water bath. While the Mpemba effect, where a system's thermal relaxation time is a non-monotonic function of the initial temperature, has been observed in water since Aristotle's era, the underlying mechanism of the effect is still unknown. Recent studies indicate that the effect is not limited to water and has been studied both experimentally and numerically in a wide variety of systems. By carefully designing a double-well potential using feedback-based optical tweezers, the author demonstrates that an initially hot system can sometimes cool faster than an initially warm system. The author also presents the first observation in any system of another counterintuitive effect-the inverse Mpemba effect-where the colder of the two samples reaches the thermal equilibrium at a hot temperature first. The results for both the observations agree with theoretical predictions based on the Fokker-Planck equation. The experiments reveal that, for carefully chosen conditions, a strong version of both of the effects are observed where a system can relax to the bath temperature exponentially faster than under typical conditions.
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• Principle, general features and scope of the reaction, recent advances, future prospects.- Structures, stability, and safety of diazonium salts.- Kinetics and mechanisms of aryldiazonium ions in aqueous solutions.- Iodonium salts as reagents for surface modification: from preparation to reactivity in surface-assisted transformations.- Control of the aryl layer growth.- Grafting of aryl radicals onto surfaces - a DFT study.- Modification of sp(2) carbon allotropes with diazonium salts - Focus on carbon nanotubes functionalization.- Covalent modification of graphite and graphene using diazonium chemistry.- Aryldiazonium Tetrachloroaurate(III) Salts: Synthesis, Structure, and Fundamental Applications.- Modification and uses of synthetic and biobased polymeric materials.- Surface modification of plasmonic nanomaterials with aryl diazonium salts.- Diazonium electroreduction and molecular electronics.- Modification of surfaces with calix[4]arene diazonium salts.- Diazonium salts and related compounds for biomedical applications.- On the use of diazonium salts in the design of catalytic hybrid materials and coatings.- Aryldiazonium Salts as Photoinitiators for Cationic and Free Radical Polymerizations.- Polymer surface science and adhesion using diazonium chemistry.- Diazonium-modification of plasmonic surfaces formed by laser ablation.- Diazonium salts and the related compounds for the design of biosensors.- Reinforced polymers: the emerging role of diazonium modification of fillers.- Diazonium salts for the preparation of carbon composites with a focus on applications of carbon fibers.- Diazonium salts and related compounds in electrochemical energy storage and conversion.- Recent patents and industrial applications.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume provides the latest developments in the field of surface science and technology based on diazonium coupling agents as well as their precursors (e.g. aromatic amines). It presents new concepts of surface chemistry of diazonium salts and discusses their novel and challenging applications. The latest advances on surface modification with diazonium salts are discussed and various promising alternative surface modifiers such as iodonium salts are examined. This book demonstrates the universality of diazonium salts in the surface treatment of classical and emergent materials and it will be a great tool for researcher and graduates working in this field.
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• Part I 1 1 Introduction to Atomic Scale Electrochemistry 3Marko M. Melander, Tomi Laurila, and Kari Laasonen 1.1 Background 3 1.2 The thermodynamics of electrified interface 4 1.2.1 Electrode 6 1.2.2 Electrical double layer 7 1.2.3 Solvation sheets 8 1.2.4 Electrode potential 8 1.3 Chemical interactions between the electrode and redox species 12 1.4 Reaction kinetics at electrochemical interfaces 13 1.4.1 Outer and inner sphere reactions 13 1.4.2 Computational aspects 16 1.4.3 Challenges 17 1.5 Charge transport 18 1.6 Mass transport to the electrode 18 1.7 Summary 19 References 20 Part II 25 2 Retrospective and Prospective Views of Electrochemical Electron Transfer Processes: Theory and Computations 27Renat R. Nazmutdinov and Jens Ulstrup 2.1 Introduction
• interfacial molecular electrochemistry in recent retrospective 27 2.1.1 An electrochemical renaissance 27 2.1.2 A bioelectrochemical renaissance 27 2.2 Analytical theory of molecular electrochemical ET processes 28 2.2.1 A Reference to molecular ET processes in homogeneous solution 28 2.2.2 Brief discussion of contemporary computational approaches 30 2.2.3 Molecular electrochemical ET processes and general chemical rate theory 31 2.2.4 Some electrochemical ET systems at metal electrodes 35 2.2.4.1 Some outer sphere electrochemical ET processes 35 2.2.4.2 Dissociative ET: the electrochemical peroxodisulfate reduction 38 2.2.5 d-band, cation, and spin catalysis 39 2.2.6 New solvent environments in simple electrochemical ET processes
• ionic liquids 40 2.2.7 Proton transfer, proton conductivity, and proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) 40 2.2.7.1 Some further notes on the nature of PT/PCET processes 44 2.2.7.2 The electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction, and the Tafel plot on mercury 44 2.3 Ballistic and stochastic (Kramers-Zusman) chemical rate theory 45 2.4 Early and recent views on chemical and electrochemical long-range ET 50 2.5 Molecular-scale electrochemical science 53 2.5.1 Electrochemical in situ STM and AFM 53 2.5.2 Nanoscale mapping of novel electrochemical surfaces 54 2.5.2.1 Self-assembled molecular monolayers (SAMs) of functionalized thiol [192-194] 54 2.5.3 Electrochemical single-molecule ET and conductivity of complex molecules 56 2.5.4 Selected cases of in situ STM and STS of organic and inorganic redox molecules 58 2.5.4.1 The viologens 58 2.5.4.2 Transition metal complexes as single-molecule in operando STM targets 59 2.5.5 Other single-entity nanoscale electrochemistry 61 2.5.5.1 Electrochemistry in low-dimensional carbon confinement 61 2.5.5.2 Electrochemistry of nano- and molecular-scale metallic nanoparticles 62 2.5.6 Elements of nanoscale and single-molecule bioelectrochemistry 63 2.5.6.1 A single-molecule electrochemical metalloprotein target
• P. aeruginosa azurin 63 2.5.6.2 Electrochemical SPMs of metalloenzymes, and some other "puzzles" 65 2.6 Computational approaches to electrochemical surfaces and processes revisited 67 2.6.1 Theoretical methodologies and microscopic structure of electrochemical interfaces 67 2.6.2 The electrochemical process revisited 68 2.7 Quantum and computational electrochemistry in retrospect and prospect 69 2.7.1 Prospective conceptual challenges in quantum and computational electrochemistry 70 2.7.2 Prospective interfacial electrochemical target phenomena 71 2.7.2.1 Some conceptual, theoretical, and experimental notions and challenges 71 2.7.2.2 Non-traditional electrode surfaces and single-entity structure and function 71 2.7.2.3 Semiconductor and semimetal electrodes 72 2.7.2.4 Metal deposition and dissolution processes 72 2.7.2.5 Chiral surfaces and ET processes of chiral molecules 72 2.7.2.6 ET reactions involving hot electrons (femto-electrochemistry) 73 2.8 A few concluding remarks 73 Acknowledgement 74 References 74 Part III 93 3 Continuum Embedding Models for Electrolyte Solutions in First-Principles Simulations of Electrochemistry 95Oliviero Andreussi, Francesco Nattino, and Nicolas Georg Hörmann 3.1 Introduction to continuum models for electrochemistry 95 3.2 Continuum models of liquid solutions 97 3.2.1 Continuum interfaces 98 3.2.2 Beyond local interfaces 103 3.2.3 Electrostatic interaction: polarizable dielectric embedding 105 3.2.4 Beyond electrostatic interactions 107 3.3 Continuum diffuse-layer models 109 3.3.1 Continuum models of electrolytes 109 3.3.2 Helmholtz double-layer model 110 3.3.3 Poisson-Boltzmann model 111 3.3.4 Size-modified Poisson-Boltzmann model 113 3.3.5 Stern layer and additional interactions 114 3.3.6 Performance of the diffuse-layer models 114 3.4 Grand canonical simulations of electrochemical systems 118 3.4.1 Thermodynamics of interfaces 119 3.4.2 Ab-initio based thermodynamics of electrochemical interfaces 121 3.4.3 Grand canonical simulations and the CHE approximation 123 3.5 Selected applications 126 Acknowledgments 129 References 129 4 Joint and grand-canonical density-functional theory 139Ravishankar Sundararaman and Tomás A. Arias 4.1 Introduction 139 4.2 JDFT variational theorem and framework 142 4.2.1 Variational principle and underlying theorem 142 4.2.2 Separation of effects and regrouping of terms 146 4.2.3 Practical functionals and universal form for coupling 147 4.3 Classical DFT with atomic-scale structure 148 4.3.1 Ideal gas functionals with molecular geometry 149 4.3.1.1 Effective ideal gas potentials 149 4.3.1.2 Integration over molecular orientations 150 4.3.1.3 Auxiliary fields 151 4.3.2 Minimal excess functionals for molecular fluids 152 4.4 Continuum solvation models from JDFT 157 4.4.1 JDFT linear response: nonlocal 'SaLSA' solvation 158 4.4.2 JDFT local limit: nonlinear continuum solvation 160 4.4.3 Hybrid semi-empirical approaches: 'CANDLE' solvation 163 4.5 Grand-canonical DFT 164 4.6 Conclusions 168 References 169 5 Ab initio modeling of electrochemical interfaces and determination of electrode potentials 173Jia-Bo Le, Xiao-Hui Yang, Yong-Bing Zhuang, Feng Wang, and Jun Cheng 5.1 Introduction 173 5.2 Theoretical background of electrochemistry 175 5.2.1 Definition of electrode potential 175 5.2.2 Absolute potential energy of SHE 178 5.3 Short survey of computational methods for modeling electrochemical interfaces 179 5.4 Ab initio determination of electrode potentials of electrochemical interfaces 180 5.4.1 Work function based methods 180 5.4.1.1 Vacuum reference 180 5.4.1.2 Vacuum reference in two steps 181 5.4.2 Reference electrode based methods 183 5.4.2.1 Computational standard hydrogen electrode 183 5.4.2.2 Computational standard hydrogen electrode in two steps 185 5.4.2.3 Computational Ag/AgCl reference electrode 187 5.5 Computation of potentials of zero charge 187 5.6 Summary 190 Acknowledgement 191 References 191 6 Molecular Dynamics of the Electrochemical Interface and the Double Layer 201Axel Groß 6.1 Introduction 201 6.2 Continuum description of the electric double layer 202 6.3 Equilibrium coverage of metal electrodes 204 6.4 Firs

Atomic-Scale Modelling of Electrochemical Systems A comprehensive overview of atomistic computational electrochemistry, discussing methods, implementation, and state-of-the-art applications in the field The first book to review state-of-the-art computational and theoretical methods for modelling, understanding, and predicting the properties of electrochemical interfaces. This book presents a detailed description of the current methods, their background, limitations, and use for addressing the electrochemical interface and reactions. It also highlights several applications in electrocatalysis and electrochemistry. Atomic-Scale Modelling of Electrochemical Systems discusses different ways of including the electrode potential in the computational setup and fixed potential calculations within the framework of grand canonical density functional theory. It examines classical and quantum mechanical models for the solid-liquid interface and formation of an electrochemical double-layer using molecular dynamics and/or continuum descriptions. A thermodynamic description of the interface and reactions taking place at the interface as a function of the electrode potential is provided, as are novel ways to describe rates of heterogeneous electron transfer, proton-coupled electron transfer, and other electrocatalytic reactions. The book also covers multiscale modelling, where atomic level information is used for predicting experimental observables to enable direct comparison with experiments, to rationalize experimental results, and to predict the following electrochemical performance. Uniquely explains how to understand, predict, and optimize the properties and reactivity of electrochemical interfaces starting from the atomic scale Uses an engaging "tutorial style" presentation, highlighting a solid physicochemical background, computational implementation, and applications for different methods, including merits and limitations Bridges the gap between experimental electrochemistry and computational atomistic modelling Written by a team of experts within the field of computational electrochemistry and the wider computational condensed matter community, this book serves as an introduction to the subject for readers entering the field of atom-level electrochemical modeling, while also serving as an invaluable reference for advanced practitioners already working in the field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is the first introduction/reference to the computer simulation of glass materials, which are growing in their applications such as telephone technology, construction materials, aerospace materials and more. Written by the leading experts and active practitioners from across the world, this book provides a comprehensive review of the fundamentals and practical applications of atomistic simulations of inorganic glasses. After providing a concise overview of both classical and first principles simulation methods, the second part of the book focuses on practical examples of the application of atomistic simulations in the research of different glass systems: silica, silicate, aluminosilicate, borate, chalcogenide and halide glasses. Up-to-date information will be provided on simulations (both classical and ab initio methods) of these glass systems, and current challenges facing these systems will be discussed. Students and researchers in the fields of materials science, particularly glass science and ceramic engineering, inorganic solid state chemistry, computational materials and materials modeling will benefit from this important new book.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• ANALYTICAL ASPECTS Laboratory Logistics Analytical Benefits Standard Operation Procedure Commercial Aspects Workflow concepts Sample Workflow Design Sample Processing Instrumental Concepts Sample Delivery Operational Aspects Sample Handling Extraction - Clean-up Filtration Concentration Derivatization Heating - Cooling Mixing Consumables
• ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS Dilution Regulated Methods Volatiles Residual solvents Semi-volatiles Phthalates Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons MCPD FAMEs Pesticides Extract clean-up Drugs Metabolomics PFOS/PFOA MOSH/MOAH Magnetic beads Doping steroids Flavors Pheromones On-line water Warfare agents Shale aldehydes
• MAINTENANCE Syringes Pipettes Hardware
• APPENDIX Glossary Solvent compatibility chart Syringe gauge chart Syringe needle styles.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

An essential guide to the proven automated sample preparation process While the measurement step in sample preparation is automated, the sample handling step is manual and all too often open to risk and errors. The manual process is of concern for accessing data quality as well as producing limited reproducibility and comparability. Handbook of Automated Sample Preparation for CG-MS and LC-MS explores the advantages of implementing automated sample preparation during the handling phase for CG-MS and LC-MS. The author, a noted expert on the topic, includes information on the proven workflows that can be put in place for many routine and regulated analytical methods. This book offers a guide to automated workflows for both on-line and off-line sample preparation. This process has proven to deliver consistent and comparable data quality, increased sample amounts, and improved cost efficiency. In addition, the process follows Standard Operation Procedures that are essential for audited laboratories. This important book: Provides the information and tools needed for the implementation of instrumental sample preparation workflows Offers proven and detailed examples that can be adapted in analytical laboratories Shows how automated sample preparation can reduce cost per sample, increase sample amounts, and produce faster results Includes illustrative examples from various fields such as chemistry to food safety and pharmaceuticals Written for personnel in analytical industry, pharmaceutical, and medical laboratories, Handbook of Automated Sample Preparation for CG-MS and LC-MS offers the much-needed tools for implementing the automated sample preparation for analytical laboratories.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Alkanes, composition, constitution, and configuration
• 2. Functional groups
• 3. Electronic structure of organic molecules
• 4. Alkenes and alkynes
• 5. Substitutions on saturated carbon atom
• 6. Nucleophilic additions
• 7. Stereochemistry, symmetry, and molecular chirality
• 8. Derivatives of carboxylic acids
• 9. Electrophilic substitutions
• 10. Pericyclic reactions
• 11. Organic natural products
• 12. Organic supramolecular and supermolecular structures.

This textbook is designed for students of biology, molecular biology, ecology, medicine, agriculture, forestry and other professions where the knowledge of organic chemistry plays an important role. The work may also be of interest to non-professionals, as well as to teachers in high schools. The book consists of 13 chapters that cover the essentials of organic chemistry, including - basic principles of structure and constitution of organic compounds, - the elements of the nomenclature, - the concepts of the nature of chemical bond, - introductions in NMR and IR spectroscopy, - the concepts and main classes of the organic reaction mechanisms, - reactions and properties of common classes or organic compounds, - and the introduction to the chemistry of the natural organic products followed by basic principles of the reactions in living cells. This second edition includes revisions and suggestions made by the readers of the first edition and the author's colleagues. In addition, it includes substantial changes compared to the first edition. The chapter on Cycloaddition has been completed by including the other pericyclic reactions (sigmatropic rearrangements, electrocyclic reactions). The chapter on Organic Natural Products has been extended to include new section covering the principles of organic synthesis. New chapter "Organic Supramolecular and Supermolecular Structures" is added. This chapter covers the basic knowledge about the molecular recognition, supramolecular structures, and the mechanisms of the enzyme catalyzed reactions. .
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• Introduction: Carbon Monoxide as Synthon in Organic Synthesis / Bartolo Gabriele
• Carbonylations Promoted by First Row Transition Metal Catalysts. Cobalt-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Jerome Volkman, Philippe Kalck
• Nickel-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Debarati Das, Bhalchandra M Bhanage
• Carbonylations Catalyzed by Other First Row Transition-Metal Catalysts (Manganese, Iron, Copper) / Chong-Liang Li, Hai Wang, Xiao-Feng Wu
• Carbonylations Promoted by Second Row Transition Metal Catalysts. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Helfried Neumann, Rajenahally V Jagadeesh
• Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Oreste Piccolo, Stefano Paganelli
• Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Jianming Liu, Chengtao Yue, Fuwei Li
• Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Carbonylations / Bartolo Gabriele, Nicola Della Ca', Raffaella Mancuso, Lucia Veltri, Ida Ziccarelli
• Carbonylations Catalyzed by Other Second-Row Transition Metal Catalysts / Francesca Foschi, Gianluigi Broggini
• Miscellaneous Carbonylation Reactions. Carbonylations Promoted by Third-Row Transition Metal Catalysts / Anthony Haynes
• Transition Metal-Free Carbonylation Processes / Lu Cheng, Binbin Liu, Fangning Xu, Wei Han
• Conclusions and Perspectives / Bartolo Gabriele.

• Preface ix Preface to the First Edition xi List of Contributors xiii Part I Asymmetric Organocatalysis 1 1 Asymmetric Enamine and Iminium Ion Catalysis 3 Yujiro Hayashi 2 Asymmetric Acid Organocatalysis 29 Takahiko Akiyama 3 Asymmetric Base Organocatalysis 81 Azusa Kondoh and Masahiro Terada 4 Asymmetric Phase-Transfer and Ion-Pair Organocatalyses 117 Edward Miller, Patrick J. Moon, and F. Dean Toste 5 Asymmetric Peptide Catalysis 157 Kazuaki Kudo 6 Asymmetric Carbene Catalysis: A Brief Highlight of Developments in the Past Decade 199 Jia-Lei Yan, Hongling Wang, and Yonggui Robin Chi 7 Asymmetric Hypervalent Iodine Catalysis 243 Muhammet Uyanik and Kazuaki Ishihara Part II Asymmetric Photochemical Reactions and Photoredox Catalysis 277 8 Asymmetric Visible-Light Photoredox Catalysis 279 Jiyuan Lyu, Aurelie Claraz, and Geraldine Masson 9 Asymmetric Photoredox Reactions without Photocatalysts 329 Dengke Ma, Thomas Hin-Fung Wong, and Paolo Melchiorre 10 Enantioselective Photochemical [2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions 355 Freya M. Harvey and Thorsten Bach Part III Asymmetric Synthesis Through C-H Bond Activation 385 11 Asymmetric C-H Functionalization of C(sp2)-H Bond 387 Uttam Dhawa, Tomasz Wdowik, and Lutz Ackermann 12 Asymmetric C-H Functionalization of C(sp3)-H Bond 429 Xiao Zhang, Yangyang Shen, Eva Bednar ova, and Tomislav Rovis Part IV Asymmetric Synthesis Through Carbon-Halogen Bond Formation and Enzyme Catalysis 491 13 Asymmetric Carbon-Halogen Bond Forming Reactions (Excluding C-H Activation Processes) 493 Santos Fustero, Attila M. Remete, Lorand Kiss, Mercedes Medio-Simon, Jorge Escorihuela, and Daniel M. Sedgwick 14 Enzyme-Catalyzed Asymmetric Synthesis 531 Gonzalo de Gonzalo and Andres R. Alcantara Part V Asymmetric Hydrogenation 559 15 Asymmetric Hydrogenation 561 Anton Vidal-Ferran, Arnald Grabulosa, Xavier Verdaguer, and Antoni Riera Part VI Asymmetric Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions Chapter 617 16 Asymmetric Nucleophilic Addition to Ketones and Ketimines and Conjugate Addition Reactions 619 Luo Ge and Syuzanna R. Harutyunyan 17 Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation, Allylation, and Related Reactions 661 Tyler J. Fulton, Yun E. Du, and Brian M. Stoltz 18 Asymmetric Carbometallations Including Carbocyclizations 705 Ken Tanaka Part VII Asymmetric Synthesis of Non-Centro- Chiral Compounds 727 19 Asymmetric Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds 729 Shaohua Xiang, Jun Kee Cheng, and Bin Tan 20 Asymmetric Synthesis of Planar Chiral and Helically Chiral Compounds 769 Takanori Shibata Part VIII Asymmetric Polymerization 803 21 Asymmetric Polymerization 805 Jie Li and Xiao-Bing Lu Part IX Asymmetric Catalysis in Continuous-Flow System 831 22 Continuous-Flow Chemistry in Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis 833 Haruro Ishitani, Yuki Saito, and Shu Kobayashi Index 869
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis Seminal text presenting detailed accounts of the most important catalytic asymmetric reactions known today This book covers the preparation of enantiomerically pure or enriched chemical compounds by use of chiral catalyst molecules. While reviewing the most important catalytic methods for asymmetric organic synthesis, this book highlights the most important and recent developments in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. Edited by two well-qualified experts, sample topics covered in the work include: Metal catalysis, organocatalysis, photoredox catalysis, enzyme catalysis C-H bond functionalization reactions Carbon-carbon bond formation reactions, carbon-halogen bond formation reactions, hydrogenations, polymerizations, flow reactions Axially chiral compounds Retaining the best of its predecessors but now thoroughly up to date with the important and recent developments in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, the 4th edition of Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis serves as an excellent desktop reference and text for researchers and students, from upper-level undergraduates all the way to experienced professionals in industry or academia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction and scope
• Part I: Physics and chemistry 2. The physics of molecular systems 3. Chemical concepts and their physical counterpart 4. A brief historical account
• Part II: Nuclear dynamics and chemical reactions 5. Reactive collisions 6. The potential-energy surface 7. Theoretical treatments 8. From theory to computing: collinear reactive scattering with real wavepackets 9. From reaction dynamics to chemical kinetics 10. Application: C + CH+ -> C2+ + H: an astrochemical reaction 11. Towards complexity
• Part III: Electronic structure and chemical bonding 12. The wavefunction and the electron density 13. From theory to computing: the Hartree-Fock model 14. The atom and the bond 15. From theory to computing: analyzing the electron-charge redistribution 16. Application: donation and backdonation in coordination chemistry 17. Relativity and chemistry
• Part IV: Chemistry and Computer Science 18. Scientific computing 19. Virtual reality 20. Data-driven chemistry 21. Towards open molecular science.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Chemistry at the Frontier with Physics and Computer Science: Theory and Computation shows how chemical concepts relate to their physical counterparts and can be effectively explored via computational tools. It provides a holistic overview of the intersection of these fields and offers practical examples on how to solve a chemical problem from a theoretical and computational perspective, going from theory to models, methods and implementation. Sections cover both sides of the Born-Oppenheimer approximation (nuclear dynamics and electronic structure), chemical reactions, chemical bonding, and cover theory to practice on three related physical problems (wavepacket dynamics, Hartree-Fock equations and electron-cloud redistribution). Drawing on the interdisciplinary knowledge of its expert author, this book provides a contemporary guide to theoretical and computational chemistry for all those working in chemical physics, physical chemistry and related fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part A
• 1. Synthesis and physical properties of 2-Oxoaldehydes and 2-Oxoacids.
• 2. Structure and spectral characteristics of 2-Oxoaldehydes and 2-Oxoacids
• 3. Applications of 2-Oxoaldehydes Part B
• 4. Applications of 2-Oxoacids
• 5. Summary.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Chemistry of 2-Oxoaldehydes and 2-Oxoacids offers complete coverage on 2-oxoaldehydes and 2-oxoacid, which to date have not been covered in a comprehensive manner. Novel reactions related to 2-oxoaldehydes and 2-oxoacids on keto and aldehydic groups (both participating separately or in combination), decarboxylative reactions, spectral analysis and diverse applications are explored. The book is divided into two parts, with the first outlining methods for the preparation and physical properties of 2-Oxoaldehydes, along with the structure, spectral characteristics and reactivity of 2-Oxoaldehydes. The second part covers the preparation and physical properties of 2-Oxoacids and the synthesis of many related reactions. This book is essential reading for researchers working on these types of reactions in organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, natural product chemistry and pharmaceutical chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.- Modern Spectroscopic Analysis Technology.- Basis of Matrix and Mathematical Statistics.- Preprocessing Methods in Spectroscopy Analysis.- Wavelength Variable Selection Method.- Spectral Dimensionality Reduction Method.- Linear Regression Method.- Non-Linear Regression Method.- Selection of Representative samples.- Outlier Detection Method.- Calibration Model Maintenance.- Pattern Recognition.- Evaluation of Model Performance.- Ways to Improve Model Predictive Ability.- Multi-spectral Fusion Technology.- Multi-way Resolution and Calibration.- Calibration Transfer Method.- Deep Learning Algorithms.- Chemometrics Software and Toolbox.- Discussions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book discusses chemometric methods for spectroscopy analysis including NIR, MIR, Raman, NMR, and LIBS, from the perspective of practical applied spectroscopy. It covers all aspects of chemometrics associated with analytical spectroscopy, including representative sample selection algorithm, outlier detection algorithm, model updating and maintenance algorithm and strategy and calibration performance evaluation methods.To provide a systematic and comprehensive overview the latest progress of chemometric methods including recent scientific research and practical applications are presented. In addition the book also highlights the improvement of classical algorithms and the extension of common strategies. It is therefore useful as a reference book for researchers engaged in analytical spectroscopy technology, chemometrics, analytical instruments and other related fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Mass Spectrometry for Bimolecular Analysis in a Clinical Laboratory
• System Performance Monitoring in Clinical Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Plasma/Serum Acylcarnitines for the Diagnosis of Certain Organic Acidurias and Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders
• Quantification of Plasma S-Adenosylmethionine and S-Adenosylhomocysteine Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantitation of Aldosterone in Serum or Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• Comprehensive Determination of Amino Acids for Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism
• Quantification of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC- MS/MS)
• Quantitation of Butyrylcarnitine, Isobutyrylcarnitine, and Glutarylcarnitine in Urine Using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS)
• Quantification of Free and Total Carnitine in Serum Using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Sensitive and Robust LC-MS/MS Analysis of Salivary Cortisol in Negative Mode
• Measurement of Urine Free Cortisol and Cortisone by LC-MS/MS
• Laboratory Diagnosis of Cerebral Creatine Deficiency Syndromes by Determining Creatine and Guanidinoacetate in Plasma and Urine
• Quantitation of Estradiol and Testosterone in Serum Using LC-MS/MS
• Quantitation of Fatty Acids in Serum/Plasma and Red Blood Cells by Gas Chromatography-Negative Chemical Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
• Quantitation of γ-Aminobutyric Acid in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• A Simple, Fast, and Reliable LC-MS/MS Method for the Measurement of Homovanillic Acid and Vanillylmandelic Acid in Urine Specimens
• Quantitation of Neuroblastoma Markers Homovanillic Acid (HVA) and Vanillylmandelic Acid (VMA) in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
• Quantification of 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid in Urine by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantitation of IgG Subclasses in Serum Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• Quantification of Insulin Analogs by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
• Differentiation of Common IGF-1 Variants Using HRAM-MS COM Determination with Follow-Up MS/MS Verification
• Monitoring and Identifying Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Variants by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry in a Clinical Laboratory
• Quantitation of Lactate in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Multiplex Lysosomal Enzyme Activity Assay on Dried Blood Spots Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Plasma Lysosphingolipid Biomarker Measurement by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Detection of 13C-Mannitol and Other Saccharides Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Evaluation of Intestinal Permeability, or Leaky Gut
• LC-MS/MS Method for High Throughput Analysis of Methylmalonic Acid in Serum, Plasma, and Urine: Method for Analyzing Isomers without Chromatographic Separation
• Quantitation of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate in Cerebrospinal Fluid Using Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Screening of Organic Acidurias by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
• Identification of Urine Organic Acids for the Detection of Inborn Errors of Metabolism Using Urease and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
• Quantitative Organic Acids in Urine by Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS)
• Quantification of Parathyroid Hormone and Its Fragments in Serum by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
• High Sensitivity Measurement of Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP) in Plasma by LC-MS/MS
• Quantitation of Phenylalanine in Dried Blood Spot using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Monitoring of Patients with Phenylketonuria (PKU)
• An Optimized Procedure for Proteomic Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles Using In-Stage Tip Digestion and DIA LC-MS/MS: Application to Liquid Biopsy in Cancer
• High-Throughput Plasma Proteomic Profiling
• Quantitation of Purine in Urine by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantitation of Pyrimidine in Urine by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantitation of Renin Activity in Plasma Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Method for the Quantification Steroids Androstenedione, Dehydroepiandrosterone, 11-Deoxycortisol, 17-Hydroxyprogesterone, and Testosterone
• A User-Friendly Sample Preparation Alternative for Manual and Automated LC-MS/MS Quantification of Testosterone
• Quantitation of Thyroglobulin in Serum Using SISCAPA and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)
• Quantitation of Free Thyroxine by Equilibrium Dialysis and Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantification of Tryptophan, Indole, and Indoxyl Sulfate in Urine Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Very Long-Chain Fatty Acids Quantification by Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
• Quantification of Very Long-Chain and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in Plasma by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• High Throughput Analysis of 25-OH-Vitamin D2 and D3 Using Multi-Channel Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
• Quantification of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D2 and D3 Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

This updated volume provides stepwise instructions for the analysis of numerous clinically important analytes by mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry offers clinical laboratory scientists a number of advantages including increased sensitivity and specificity, multiple component analysis, and limited need for specialized reagents. These techniques are essential in laboratory fields including endocrinology, biochemical genetics, drug analysis, proteomics, and pathogen identification. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and practical, Clinical Applications of Mass Spectrometry in Biomolecular Analysis: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is an ideal resource for clinical laboratory scientists who are already using or thinking of bringing mass spectrometry to their laboratories.

• Introduction.- Review of Combustion Thermodynamics and Kinetics.- Review of Combustion Phenomena.- Burners for Gaseous Fuels.- Burners for Liquid Fuels.- Solid Fuel Systems.- Alternative Fuels.- Numerical Modelling of Laminar Flames.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook is intended for post-graduate students in mechanical and allied engineering disciplines. It will also be helpful to scientists and engineers working in the areas of combustion to recapitulate the fundamental and generally applied aspects of combustion. This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamental aspects of combustion. It includes physical descriptions of premixed and non-premixed flames. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. A chapter on alternative renewable fuels has also been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels. Review questions have been provided at the end of each chapter which will help the students to evaluate their understanding of the important concepts covered in that chapter. Several standard text books have been cited in the chapters and are listed towards the end, as suggested reading, to enable the readers to refer them when required. The textbook will be useful for students in mechanical, aerospace and related fields of engineering. It will also be a good resource for professionals and researchers working in the areas of combustion technology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. General Introduction to Comprehensive Aryne Synthetic Chemistry
• 2. Methods of Generating Arynes
• 3. Electrophilic Couplings 3.1 Simple Arylation 3.2 Insertion into s-Bonds 3.3 Multicomponent Reactions 3.4 Molecular Rearrangements 4 Pericyclic Reactions Including [2+2], [3+2], and [4+2] Cycloadditions
• 5. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Reactions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Arynes have been important, well-recognized reactive intermediates in organic chemistry since the first speculation of their existence at the beginning of the 20th century. In recent years, synthetic chemistry with arynes has experienced a remarkable revival, leading to diverse new reactions that provide convenient and direct access to various aromatic compounds of high synthetic significance. Comprehensive Aryne Synthetic Chemistry summarizes the progress in the synthetic utilization of arynes for noncatalytic and transition metal-catalyzed reactions developed in the last 20 years. The book covers a broad range of topics including methods of generating arynes, regioselectivity, electrophilic couplings, pericyclic reactions, transition metal-catalyzed reactions, and cycloadditions. It is ideal for advanced students and researchers working in synthetic organic chemistry in academia and industry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to Computational and Data-Driven Chemistry Using AI Goal-directed generation of new molecules by AI methods Compounds based on structural database of X-ray crystallography Approaches using AI in Medicinal Chemistry Application of Machine learning algorithms for use in material chemistry Predicting Conformers of Flexible Metal Complexes using Deep Neural Network Predicting Activity and Activation Factor of Catalytic Reactions Using Machine Learning Convolutional Neural Networks for the Design and Analysis of Non-Fullerene Acceptors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Computational and Data-Driven Chemistry Using Artificial Intelligence: Volume 1: Fundamentals, Methods and Applications highlights fundamental knowledge and current developments in the field, giving readers insight into how these tools can be harnessed to enhance their own work. Offering the ability to process large or complex data-sets, compare molecular characteristics and behaviors, and help researchers design or identify new structures, Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds huge potential to revolutionize the future of chemistry. Volume 1 explores the fundamental knowledge and current methods being used to apply AI across a whole host of chemistry applications. Drawing on the knowledge of its expert team of global contributors, the book offers fascinating insight into this rapidly developing field and serves as a great resource for all those interested in exploring the opportunities afforded by the intersection of chemistry and AI in their own work. Part 1 provides foundational information on AI in chemistry, with an introduction to the field and guidance on database usage and statistical analysis to help support newcomers to the field. Part 2 then goes on to discuss approaches currently used to address problems in broad areas such as computational and theoretical chemistry; materials, synthetic and medicinal chemistry; crystallography, analytical chemistry, and spectroscopy. Finally, potential future trends in the field are discussed.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foundations. Historic Overview / Paul Geerlings
• Basic Functions / Frank De Proft
• Basic Formalism / Paul W Ayers, Shubin Liu
• Basic Principles / Debdutta Chakraborty, Pratim K Chattaraj
• Extensions. Conceptual DFT and Excited States / Frédéric Guégan, Lynda Merzoud, Henry Chermette, Christophe Morell
• Chemical Response Functions in (Quasi-)Degenerate States / Patrick Bultinck, Carlos Cárdenas
• Spin-Polarized CDFT / Eduardo Chamorro
• Finite Temperature Conceptual Density Functional Theory / José L Gázquez, Marco Franco-Pérez
• Chemical Reactivity in Time-Dependent Situations / Utpal Sarkar, Pratim Kumar Chattaraj
• Selectivity: An Electron Density Perspective / Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez, Ramón Alain Miranda-Quintana
• Charge Transfer Models in Conceptual DFT / Alberto Vela, José L Gázquez, Ulises Orozco-Valencia
• Reaction Electronic Flux / Luis Rincon, F Javier Torres
• Mechanical Force / Tom Bettens, Frank De Proft
• The Hard/Soft Acid/Base Rule: A Perspective from Conceptual Density-Functional Theory / Paul W Ayers, Menatalla Mohamed, Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh
• Information-Theoretic Approach / Chunying Rong, Donghai Yu, Shubin Liu
• The Linear Response Function / Paul Geerlings
• Valence-State Concepts and Implications for CDFT / László Szentpály, Romola A Bernard
• Chemical Information / Rubén Laplaza, Julen Munárriz, Julia Contreras-García
• Molecular Face / Dong-Xia Zhao, Hong Huang, Zhong-Zhi Yang
• Bridging Conceptual Density Functional and Valence Bond Theories / Thijs Stuyver, Sason Shaik
• Applications. A Conceptual Density Functional Theoretic View of Chemical Binding / Swapan K Ghosh
• Molecular Acidity, PCET, and Metal Specificity / Dongbo Zhao, Shubin Liu
• On the Mechanisms of Chemical Reactions / Soledad Gutiérrez-Oliva, Angie Carolay Forero-Girón, Nery Villegas-Escobar, Alejandro Toro-Labbé
• Application of Reactivity Indices in the Study of Polar D iels- A lder Reactions / Luis R Domingo, Mar Ríos-Gutiérrez
• Interaction Locality in Molecular Crystals / Kanupriya Verma, Tonglei Li
• A Conceptual DFT Approach Toward Analyzing Hydrogen Storage Potential / Arindam Chakraborty, Sukanta Mondal, Rakesh Parida, Santanab Giri, Pratim K Chattaraj
• The Fukui Function in Extended Systems: Theory and Applications / Carlos Cárdenas, Andrea Echeverry, Trinidad Novoa, Andrés Robles-Navarro, T Gomez, Patricio Fuentealba
• Fermi Softness: A Local Perspective on Surface Activity / Bing Huang, Lin Zhuang
• ABEEM Polarizable Force Field / Dong-Xia Zhao, Zhong-Zhi Yang
• Charge Transfer and Polarization in Force Fields: An Ab Initio Approach Based on the (Atom-Condensed) Kohn-Sham Equations, Approximated by Second-Order Perturbation Theory About the Reference Atoms (ACKS2) / Paul W Ayers
• Implementations. Realization of Conceptual Density Functional Theory and Information-Theoretic Approach in Multiwfn Program / Tian Lu, Qinxue Chen
• ChemTools: Gain Chemical Insight from Quantum Chemistry Calculations / Leila Pujal*, Alireza Tehrani*, Farnaz Heidar-Zadeh.

• Chapte
• r1: Fundamentals of Electrode Processes.- Chapte
• r2: Basic Voltammetry for Micro and Macroelectrodes.- Chapte
• r3: Advanced Voltammetry with Coupled Chemical Reactions.- Chapte
• r4: Hydrodynamic or Forced Convection Voltammetry.- Chapte
• r5: Electrochemical Cell Types and Applications.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides targeted support for students taking courses at the undergraduate level involving electrochemical methods and voltammetry, precision analytical techniques used in chemical engineering, chemical research and development, and pharmaceutical science. The learning method applied in this book, and the contents chosen, have been specifically tried-and-tested to support students preparing for exams, and for those having difficulty absorbing concepts and attaining an analytical understanding of their application. Through this book, "written for students by a student, " the author provides accessible learning resources that address students' needs when preparing for examinations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.- Preparation of conductive polymers.- Nanostructured conductive polymers.- Conductive polymer composite/hybrids.- Conductive polymers and their composites for biological application.- Energy technology based on conductive polymers.- Conductive polymers for sensors.- Application of conductive polymers in electronic devices.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides a comprehensive overview on the recent significant advancements of conductive polymers and their composites in terms of conductive mechanism, fabrication strategies, important properties, and various promising applications. The corresponding knowledge was systematically compiled in the logical order and demonstrated as seven chapters. The special structure, influencing factors of the conductivity, the charge carrier transport model, the wettability and classical categories of the conductive polymers are narrated. Both conventional and novel strategies undertaken to fabricate the conductive polymers are introduced, as provided the overall master of the progress. In comparison with the bulk counterpart, nanostructured conductive polymers with different dimensions such as nanospheres, nano-networks, nanotubes and nanowire arrays are produced through distinct methods, thus presenting unique and distinct performance endowed by the nanometer scale. The combination of conductive polymers with other functional materials results in a number of the composites with improved properties by synergistic effect. The superior performance of conductive polymers and their composites greatly facilitates their development toward various important applications in the advanced and sophisticated fields such as biological utilization, energy storage and sensors. Due to their excellent biocompatibility, conductive polymers and their composites stand out to be useful in the biological field including tissue engineering, drug delivery and artificial muscle. To meet the urgent demand of the energy storage, conductive polymers and their composites play an important role in the devices including supercapacitors, solar cells and fuel cells. Finally, development of conductive polymers and their composites in the modern industry is greatly enhanced by their applications in smart sensors such as conductometric sensors, gravimetric sensors, optical sensors, chemical sensors and biosensors. This book has significant value for researchers, graduate students, and engineers carrying out the fundamental research or industrial production of conductive polymers and their composites.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Conductive Polymers in Green Analytical Chemistry / Bahrani, Sonia, Health Policy Research Center, Health Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Hashemi, Seyyed Alireza, Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Mousavi, Seyyed Mojtaba, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan; Arjmand, Mohammad, Nanomaterials and Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Ghalamfarsa, Farideh, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Ghaedi, Mehrorang, Chemistry Department, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch001
• Properties of Conducting Polymers / Ghomi, Matineh, School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Varma, Rajender S., Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch002
• Preparation of Conducting Polymers/Composites / Ghomi, Matineh, School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, School of Chemistry, Damghan University, Damghan 36716-41167, Iran; Varma, Rajender S., Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelu 27, Olomouc 783 71, Czech Republic / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch003
• Cleanup and Remediation Based on Conductive Polymers / Yamini, Yadollah, Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran; Tajik, Mohammad, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Baharfar, Mahroo, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch004
• Sample Preparation with Conductive Polymers / Canpolat, Gurbet, Department of Chemistry, Siirt University, 56100 Siirt, Turkey; Dolak, İbrahim, Vocational School of Technical Sciences, Dicle University, 21280 Diyarbakır, Turkey; Hussain, Chaudhery Ghazanfar, Department of Education Lahore, Computer Science and Technology, Lahore 54840, Punjab, Pakistan; Keçili, Rüstem, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Yunus Emre Vocational School of Health Services, Anadolu University, 26470 Eskişehir, Turkey; Hussain, Chaudhery Mustansar, Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch005
• Use of Conductive Polymers in Separation/Identification Stage of Analysis / Kamalabadi, Mahdie, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Ghoorchian, Arash, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Amouzegar, Zahra, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Jalali Sarvestani, Mohammad Reza, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Jalal, Nahid Rezvani, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Asadi, Sepideh, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Khalili, Sina, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Afkhami, Abbas, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Madrakian, Tayyebeh, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran; Ahmadi, Mazaher, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch006
• Use of Conductive Polymers in Detection Stage of Analysis/Miniaturization Devices / Ghoorchian, Arash, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Amouzegar, Zahra, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Moradi, Mahdi, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Khalili, Sina, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Afkhami, Abbas, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Madrakian, Tayyebeh, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran; Ahmadi, Mazaher, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan 6517838695, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch007

• Application of Conductive Polymers in Electrochemistry / Ensafi, Ali A., Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran, Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States; Mousaabadi, Kimia Zarean, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; Fazel-Zarandi, Reyhaneh, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch008
• Nanoscale Sensors Based on Conductive Polymers / Hosseini, Seyede Somayeh, University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran; Salimi, Abdollah, University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran, Research Center for Nanotechnology, University of Kurdistan, 66177-15175 Sanandaj, Iran; Adeli, Mohsen, Department of Chemistry, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch009
• Molecularly Imprinted Conductive Polymers / Faridbod, Farnoush, Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran; Zoughi, Sheida, Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran; Alizadeh, Taher, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran; Ganjali, Mohammad Reza, Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14155-6455, Tehran, Iran, Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 1411713137, Tehran, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch010
• Chiral Conductive Polymers / Majidi, Mir Reza, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666 16471 Tabriz, Iran; Sohrabi, Hessamaddin, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666 16471 Tabriz, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch011

• Application of Conductive Polymer Nanocomposites / Beitollahi, Hadi, Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 76315-117, Iran; Dourandish, Zahra, Environment Department, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman 76315-117, Iran; Tajik, Somayeh, Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran; Jahani, Peyman Mohammadzadeh, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 7661771967, Iran / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ch012
• Editors' Biographies / http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2022-1405.ot001

"Conductive polymers have great potential for antistatic materials. Their key properties include high mechanical, thermal, and chemical stability, easy synthesis, and high synthetic tuneability, among others. This work provides an introduction to conductive polymers as well as descriptions of key applications in analytical chemistry, from sample preparation, integration, and detection. Chemists, materials scientists, environmental analysts, forensic scientists, and many others will find this volume useful."-- provided by publisher.

• 1. Batteries and charge storage devices based on p-conjugated polymeric materials
• 2. Renewable cathode materials dependent on conjugated polymer composite systems
• 3. Classification and application of redox-active polymer materials for energy storage nanoarchitectonics
• 4. The growth of organic electrode materials for energy storage applications
• 5. p-Conjugated polymeric materials for cutting-edge electrochemical energy storage devices
• 6. Nanoarchitectonics of conjugated polymers in supercapacitor applications
• 7. Current trends in flexible and wearable supercapacitors based on conjugated polymers
• 8. Conjugated polymer-based electrodes for flexible all-solid-state supercapacitors
• 9. Conjugated polymers for flexible energy harvesting and storage devices
• 10. Conjugated polymer and phase-change materials for energy storage and green buildings
• 11. Supercapacitors: a review on electrode materials and models based on conjugated polymers
• 12. Conjugated polymers for solar cell applications.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Conjugated Polymers for Next-Generation Applications, Volume Two: Energy Storage Devices describes the synthesis and characterization of varied conjugated polymeric materials and their key applications, including active electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors and lithium-ion batteries, along with new ideas of functional materials for next-generation high-energy batteries, a discussion of common design procedures, and the pros and cons of conjugated polymers for certain applications. The book's emphasis lies in the underlying electronic properties of conjugated polymers, their characterization and analysis, and the evaluation of their effectiveness for utilization in energy and electronics applications. This book is ideal for researchers and practitioners in the area of materials science, chemistry and chemical engineering.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Overviews of noble metal nanocrystals.- Advanced synthesis methods of noble metal nanocrystals.- Characterization methods for noble metal nanocrystals.- Applications of noble metal nanocrystals.- Electrocatalytic water splitting technology.- Conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book introduces readers to the preparation of metal nanocrystals and its applications. In this book, an important point highlighted is how to design noble metal nanocrystals at the atomic scale for energy conversion and storage. It also focuses on the controllable synthesis of water splitting electrode materials including anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and cathode hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the atomic level by defect engineering and synergistic effect. In addition, in-situ technologies and theoretical calculations are utilized to reveal the catalytic mechanisms of catalysts under realistic operating condition. The findings presented not only enrich research in the nano-field, but also support the promotion of national and international cooperation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Volume 1: A Cultural History of Chemistry in Antiquity Edited by Marco Beretta, University of Bologna, Italy Series Preface List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Introduction, Marco Beretta 1.Theory and Concepts: The Mythological Foundation of Chemical Theories in Ancient Civilizations, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 2.Practice and Experiment: The Conquest of Matter, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 3.Laboratories and Technology: From Temples to Workshops: Sites of Chemistry in Ancient Civilizations, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 4.Culture and Science: Gods, Myths and Religions, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 5.Society and Environment: The Alteration of the Ancient Landscape, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 6.Trade and Industry: The Circulation of Trade in the Mediterranean, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 7.Learning and Institutions: The Invention of Chemical Recipes, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta 8.Art and Representation: The Iconographic Imprinting of Ancient Chemical Arts, Sydney H. Aufrere, Cale Johnson, Matteo Martelli, Marco Beretta Notes Bibliography Index Volume 2: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Middle Ages Edited by Charles Burnett, Warburg Institute, University of London, UK, and Sebastien Moureau, FNRS, University of Louvain, Belgium Series Preface List of Illustrations Introduction, Sebastien Moureau. 1.Theory and Concepts: The Shared Heritage of Byzantine, Arabo-Muslim, and Latin Alchemy, Matteo Martelli, Sebastien Moureau and Jennifer M. Rampling 2.Practice and Experiment: Alchemical Operations in the Middle Ages, Sebastien Moureau and Nicolas Thomas 3.Laboratories and Technology: Alchemical Equipment in the Middle Ages, Nicolas Thomas and Sebastien Moureau 4.Culture and Knowledge: Alchemy's Scientific Contexts and Critiques, Regula Forster and Jean-Marc Mandosio with Antoine Calvet and Gabriele Ferrario 5.Society and Environment: The Social Position of the Alchemist, and Alchemy in the Court, in the Church and in Society, Charles Burnett with Antoine Calvet and Justine Bayley 6.Trade and Industry: Medieval Craftsmanship and Technology Transfer, Justine Bayley with Spike Bucklow 7.Learning and Institutions: Teaching the Art East and West, Regula Forster and Jean-Marc Mandosio with Antoine Calvet 8.Art and Representation: The Alchemical Image in the Islamic and Christian Middle Ages, Jennifer M. Rampling Notes Bibliography Contributor's List Index Volume 3: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Early Modern Age Edited by Bruce T. Moran, University of Nevada at Reno, USA List of Illustrations Series Preface Introduction: Chemistry, Shifting Meaning, and Shapes of Experience in the Early Modern Era, Bruce T Moran 1.Theory and Concepts: Conceptual Foundations of Early Modern Chymical Thought and Practice, Lawrence Principe 2.Practice and Experiment: Cultures of Chymical Analysis, Joel A. Klein 3.Laboratories and Technology: Chymical Practice and Sensory Experience, Donna Bilak 4.Culture and Science: The Development and Spread of Chemical "Knowledges" across Evolving Cultures and Communities, Andrew Sparling 5.Society and Environment: The Social Landscape of Early Modern Chemistry, William Eamon 6.Trade and Industry: Chemical Economies and the Business of Distillation, Tillmann Taape 7.Learning and Institutions: Chymical Cultures at Courts and Universities, Margaret Garber 8.Art and Representation: Skepticism and Curiosity for the Alchemist at Work, Elisabeth Berry Drago Notes Bibliography Notes on Contributors Volume 4: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century Edited by Matthew Eddy, University of Durham, UK, and Ursula Klein, Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Germany Series Preface List of Illustrations
• Introduction: The Core Concepts and Cultural Context of Eighteenth-Century Chemistry, Ursula Klein and Matthew Daniel Eddy 1.Theory and Concepts: Transformations of Chemical Ideas in the Eighteenth Century, Ursula Klein 2.Practice and Experiment: Operations, Skills, and Experience in Eighteenth-Century Chemistry, Victor Boantza 3.Laboratories and Technology, Marco Beretta 4.Culture and Knowledge: Chemistry in its Golden Age, Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent 5.Society and Environment: Chemistry and Daily Life during the Eighteenth Century, Matthew Daniel Eddy 6.Trade and Industry: An Era of New Chemical Industries and Technologies, Leslie Tomory 7.Learning and Institutions: Didactic Chemistry and Practical Instruction, John C. Powers 8.Art and Representation: Cultural Modalities of Chemistry in the Eighteenth Century, John R. R. Christie Notes Bibliography List of Contributors Index Volume 5: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century Edited by Peter J. Ramberg, Truman State University, USA List of Illustrations Series Preface Introduction: Creating Modern Chemistry, Peter J. Ramberg 1. Theory and Concepts: Atomism, Structure and Affinity, Trevor Levere 2. Practice and Experiment: Analysis, Synthesis and Paper Tools, Yoshiyuki Kikuchi 3. Laboratories and Technology: Continuity and Ingenuity in the Workplace, Amy A. Fisher 4. Science and Culture: Chemistry Spreads its Influence, Agusti Nieto Galan and Peter J. Ramberg 5. Society and Environment: Increased access for women, growing consumerism and emerging regulation, Peter Reed 6. Trade and Industry: New Demands, New Processes, and the Emergence of Science-Based Chemical Industry, Anthony S. Travis 7. Institutions and Learning: Emergence of Laboratory-Based Learning, Research Schools and Professionalization, Peter Reed 8. Art and Representation: The Rise of the "Mad Scientist, " Joachim Schummer Endnotes Bibliography Contributors List Index Volume 6: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Modern Age Edited by Peter J.T. Morris, Science Museum, UK Series Preface List of Illustrations List of Tables Introduction, Peter J.T. Morris 1.Theory and Concepts: Stability and Transformation in Chemical Problems and Explanation 1914 to the Present, Mary Jo Nye 2.Practice and Experiment: From Laboratory Research to Teaching and Policy Making, Jose Ramon Bertomeu-Sanchez and Antonio Garcia-Belmar 3.Laboratories and Technology: An Era of Transformations, Peter J.T. Morris 4.Culture and Science: Materials and Methods in Society, Carsten Reinhardt 5.Society and Environment: The Advance of Women and the International Regulation of Pollution, Peter Reed 6.Trade and Industry: The Growth, Diversification, and Dissolution of a Global Industry, Peter J.T. Morris and Anthony S. Travis 7.Learning and Institutions: Global Developments since 1914, Jeffrey Allan Johnson, Yasu Furukawa, and Lijing Jiang 8.Art and Representation: From the 'Mad Scientist' to Poison Gas and Chemical Pollution, Joachim Schummer Notes Bibliography Contributor's List Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

From prehistoric metal extraction to medieval alchemy to modern industry, chemistry has been central to our understanding and use of the physical world as well as to trade, warfare and medicine. In its turn, chemistry has been shaped by changing technologies, institutions and cultural beliefs. A Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first detailed and authoritative survey from antiquity to today, focusing on the West but integrating key developments in Egypt, Mesopotamia, and the Arabic-Islamic and Byzantine empires. Chapter titles are identical across each of the volumes. This gives the choice of reading about a specific period in one of the volumes, or following a theme across history by reading the relevant chapter in each of the six. The themes (and chapter titles) are: Theory and Concepts; Practice and Experiment; Sites and Technology; Culture and Knowledge; Society and Environment; Trade and Industry; Learning and Institutions; Art and Representation. The six volumes cover: 1 - Antiquity (3,000 BCE to 600 CE); 2 - Medieval Age (600 to 1500); 3 - Early Modern (1500 to 1700); 4 - Eighteenth Century (1700 to 1815); 5 - Nineteenth Century (1815 to 1914); 6 - Modern Age (1914 to the Present). The page extent for the pack is 1728pp. Each volume opens with an Introduction and concludes with Notes, Bibliography, and an Index. The Cultural Histories Series A Cultural History of Chemistry is part of The Cultural Histories Series. Titles are available both as printed hardcover sets for libraries needing just one subject or preferring a one-off purchase and tangible reference for their shelves, or as part of a fully-searchable digital library available to institutions by annual subscription or on perpetual access (see www.bloomsburyculturalhistory.com).
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• 1. Introduction to Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG)
• 2. DMRG approaches
• 3. Tensor product state and MPS/MPO/TNS
• 4. DMRG for semi-empirical quantum chemistry
• 5. DMRG for ab-initio quantum chemistry
• 6. DMRG-CASSCF
• 7. Post-DMRG
• 8. Relativistic DMRG
• 9. DMRG embedded in environments
• 10. DMRG in frequency space
• 11. tDMRG quantum dynamics.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG)-based Approaches in Computational Chemistry outlines important theories and algorithms of DMRG-based approaches and explores their use in computational chemistry. Beginning with an introduction to DMRG and DMRG-based approaches, the book goes on to discuss the key theories and applications of DMRG, from DMRG for semi-empirical and ab-initio quantum chemistry, to DMRG in embedded environments, frequency spaces and quantum dynamics. Drawing on the experience of its expert authors, sections detail recent ideas and key developments, providing an up-to-date view of current developments in the field for students and researchers in quantum chemistry.
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• Section I. Roles of regular and heavy water in biosciences
• Overview: background and applications
• Characteristics of deuterium oxide versus hydrogen oxide
• Section II. Molecular interactions of deuterium versus hydrogen oxide
• Deuterium bonding versus hydrogen bonding
• Hydrophobic interaction in D2O versus H2O
• Section III. Implications of deuterium oxide and deuteration in biological Systems
• Deuterium oxide and deuteration effects on biomolecules
• Effects of D2O and deuteration on biomembranes
• Section IV. Applications of D2O and deuteration to biochemical reactions
• Biochemical effects of deuterium oxide and deuteration Physical methods for investigating D2O and deuteration effects
• Section V. Exploration of deuterium oxide and deuteration in health-related research
• Living cells grown in deuterium oxide and deuteration
• Deuterium oxide and deuteration effects on health issues
• Section VI. Applications of deuterium oxide and deuteration to pharmacology
• Deuterium oxide effects on thermostability of vaccines
• Deuterium oxide and deuteration effects on pharmacology.
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This new book provides comprehensive coverage of the subjects of deuterium oxide and deuteration in biosciences, with an emphasis on the biochemical, biomedical, and pharmacological aspects. Deuterium oxide and deuteration effects also offer various implications for health-related issues, including diseases, vaccines and drugs. Organized in six sections, the chapter topics include the role of regular and heavy water in biosciences, and their implications to biomolecules, biochemical processes, health-related research, and pharmacology. Due to the broad scope, the book may be used as a supplemental text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses in the related fields of biochemistry, biology, biomedical sciences, biophysics, and pharmacology. Researchers and pharmaceutical industry professionals will also find the content useful in order to gain knowledge and better understand the implications of deuterium oxide and deuteration research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Spreading of Complex Fluids Drops
• Wetting and Contact Line Motion
• Evaporation of Ternary Sessile Drops
• Mathematical Models for the Evaporation of Sessile Droplets
• Deposition Control of Inkjet-printed Drops
• Spreading and Evaporation of Surfactant Drops
• Ink and Microelectronic Printing
• Drying of Complex Dairy Fluids
• Drying of Human Blood Drops
• Drying Processes in the Formation of Bloodstains at Crime Scenes
• Evaporation and Precipitation Dynamics of a Respiratory Droplet
• Spreading and Drying of Drops and Art
• Nanofluid Droplets Drying on Structured Surfaces and Evaporative Self-assembly.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Coffee rings, paint drying, blood splatter are all examples of complex fluids drying. Understanding the phenomena of complex fluid drops with respect to drying is important for technology and a lot of research in academia and industry is poured into this topic. This book addresses this industrially important area and provides a thorough grounding to the field. Addressing the fundamental underpinnings of wetting, spreading and drying, the book then takes the reader through key applications grouped into themes, including colloidal droplets (used in printing) and biological (e.g. bloodstain analysis for forensics). With a section on modelling and simulation to balance experiment with computational tools, this book will appeal to anyone working in complex fluids across classical fluid mechanics, soft matter, and chemical, biological and mechanical engineering.
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• Overview of electrode process
• Potentials and thermodynamics of cells
• Basic kinetics of electrode reactions
• Mass transfer by migration and diffusion
• Steady-state voltammetry at ultramicroelectrodes
• Transient methods based on potential steps
• Linear sweep and cyclic voltammetry
• Polarography, pulse voltammetry, and square-wave voltammetry
• Controlled-current techniques
• Methods involving forced convection- hyrdodynamic methods
• Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and ac voltammetry
• Bulk electrolysis
• Electrode reactions with coupled homogeneous chemical reactions
• Double-layer structure and adsorption
• Inner-sphere electrode reactions and electrocatalysis
• Electrochemical instrumentation
• Electroactive layers and modified electrodes
• Scanning electrochemical microscopy
• Single-particle electrochemistry
• Photoelectrochemistry and electrogenerated chemiluminescence
• In situ characterization of electrochemical systems

The latest edition of a classic textbook in electrochemistry The third edition of Electrochemical Methods has been extensively revised to reflect the evolution of electrochemistry over the past two decades, highlighting significant developments in the understanding of electrochemical phenomena and emerging experimental tools, while extending the book's value as a general introduction to electrochemical methods. This authoritative resource for new students and practitioners provides must-have information crucial to a successful career in research. The authors focus on methods that are extensively practiced and on phenomenological questions of current concern. This latest edition of Electrochemical Methods contains numerous problems and chemical examples, with illustrations that serve to illuminate the concepts contained within in a way that will assist both student and mid-career practitioner. Significant updates and new content in this third edition include: An extensively revised introductory chapter on electrode processes, designed for new readers coming into electrochemistry from diverse backgrounds New chapters on steady-state voltammetry at ultramicroelectrodes, inner-sphere electrode reactions and electrocatalysis, and single-particle electrochemistry Extensive treatment of Marcus kinetics as applied to electrode reactions, a more detailed introduction to migration, and expanded coverage of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy The inclusion of Lab Notes in many chapters to help newcomers with the transition from concept to practice in the laboratory The new edition has been revised to address a broader audience of scientists and engineers, designed to be accessible to readers with a basic foundation in university chemistry, physics and mathematics. It is a self-contained volume, developing all key ideas from the fundamental principles of chemistry and physics. Perfect for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking courses in electrochemistry, physical and analytical chemistry, this is also an indispensable resource for researchers and practitioners working in fields including electrochemistry and electrochemical engineering, energy storage and conversion, analytical chemistry and sensors.
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The electrophoresis techniques are used in medicine, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biology to separate soluble and insoluble proteins, nucleic acids, chromosomes, viruses, as well as lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes and other cell organelles, red cells, tissue cells, and parasites. This book provides a view over the old electrophoresis techniques, as well as the recent developments in electrophoresis. Electrophoresis Fundamentals is based on the recent book Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice published in 2020 by De Gruyter. The previous book combines theory and technical applications with troubleshooting and problem solving. While Electrophoresis is intended for specialists, Electrophoresis Fundamentals is a book for laboratory technicians, students, biochemists, general practitioners, and more.
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• Chapter 1. Early Youth.-
• Chapter 2. Parents.-
• Chapter 3. Gymnasium.-
• Chapter 4. Student Times.-
• Chapter 5. Munich.-
• Chapter 6. Erlangen.-
• Chapter 7. Wurzburg.-
• Chapter 8. Berlin Time.-
• Chapter 9. The Academy of Sciences.-
• Chapter 10. The Chemical Society.-
• Chapter 11. The Chemical Institute in the Georgenstrasse.
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This book is a translation of Emil Fischer's autobiography published in 1922 by Verlag von Julius Springer, Berlin, Germany. It is the first translation of this work into English, guiding the reader through the life of a man who was one of the greatest chemists of all time. Emil Fischer published very important papers on sugars, purines, and peptides. His proof of the stereo chemistry of glucose remains one of the great intellectual and practical achievements of science. The book is of great benefit to the current and future generations of chemists, giving them the chance to get to know Emil Fischer's life story.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)