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• Introduction
• Number Systems
• Algebraic Equations
• Scalar Calculus
• Vector Calculus.

This state of the art book takes an applications based approach to teaching mathematics to engineering and applied sciences students. The book lays emphasis on associating mathematical concepts with their physical counterparts, training students of engineering in mathematics to help them learn how things work. The book covers the concepts of number systems, algebra equations and calculus through discussions on mathematics and physics, discussing their intertwined history in a chronological order. The book includes examples, homework problems, and exercises. This book can be used to teach a first course in engineering mathematics or as a refresher on basic mathematical physics. Besides serving as core textbook, this book will also appeal to undergraduate students with cross-disciplinary interests as a supplementary text or reader.

• Negative Refraction of Electromagnetic and Electronic Waves in Uniform Media.- Anisotropic Field Distributions in Left-Handed Guided Wave Electronic Structures and Negative Refractive Bicrystal Heterostructures.- "Left-Handed" Magnetic Granular Composites.- Spatial Dispersion, Polaritons, and Negative Refraction.- Negative Refraction in Photonic Crystals.- Negative Refraction and Subwavelength Focusing in Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals.- Negative Refraction and Imaging with Quasicrystals.- Generalizing the Concept of Negative Medium to Acoustic Waves.- Experiments and Simulations of Microwave Negative Refraction in Split Ring and Wire Array Negative Index Materials, 2D Split-Ring Resonator and 2D Metallic Disk Photonic Crystals.- Super Low Loss Guided Wave Bands Using Split Ring Resonator-Rod Assemblies as Left-Handed Materials.- Development of Negative Index of Refraction Metamaterials with Split Ring Resonators and Wires for RF Lens Applications.- Nonlinear Effects in Left-Handed Metamaterials.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book deals with the subject of optical and electronic negative refraction (NR) and negative index materials NIM). Diverse approaches for achieving NR and NIM are covered, such as using photonic crystals, phononic crystals, split-ring resonators (SRRs) and continuous media, focusing of waves, guided-wave behavior, and nonlinear effects. It is perhaps the most comprehensive book on the new class of negative refraction materials, covering all aspects of negative refraction and negative index materials.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• 1. Introduction to Computer Simulation 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Theory, Modeling and Simulation in Physics 1.3 Reductionism in Physics 1.4 Basics of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations in Physics 1.5 Numerical Solution of Differential Equations: Mesh-Based vs. Particle Methods 1.6 The Role of Algorithms in Scientific Computing 1.7 Remarks on Software Design 1.8 Summary
• 2. Fundamentals of Statistical Physics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elementary Statistics 2.3 Introduction to Classical Statistical Mechanics 2.4 Introduction to Thermodynamics 2.5 Summary
• 3. Inter- and Intramolecular Short-Range Potentials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Quantum Mechanical Basis of Intermolecular Interactions 3.2.1 Perturbation Theory 3.3 Classical Theories of Intermolecular Interactions 3.4 Potential Functions 3.5 Molecular Systems 3.6 Summary
• 4. Molecular Dynamics Simulation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic Ideas of MD 4.3 Algorithms for Calculating Trajectories 4.4 Link between MD and Quantum Mechanics 4.5 Basic MD Algorithm: Implementation Details 4.6 Boundary Conditions 4.7 The Cutoff Radius for Short-Range Potentials 4.8 Neighbor Lists: The Linked-Cell Algorithm 4.9 The Method of Ghost Particles 4.10 Implementation Details of the Ghost Particle Method 4.11 Making Measurements 4.12 Ensembles and Thermostats 4.13 Case Study: Impact of Two Different Bodies 4.14 Case Study: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability 4.15 Case Study: Liquid-Solid Phase Transition of Argon
• 5. Advanced MD Simulation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Parallelization 5.3 More Complex Potentials and Molecules 5.4 Many Body Potentials 5.5 Coarse Grained MD for Mesoscopic Systems
• 6. Outlook on Monte Carlo Simulations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Metropolis Monte-Carlo Method 6.2.1 Calculation of Volumina and Surfaces 6.2.2 Percolation Theory 6.3 Basic MC Algorithm: Implementation Details 6.3.1 Case Study: The 2D Ising Magnet 6.3.2 Trial Moves and Pivot Moves 6.3.3 Case Study: Combined MD and MC for Equilibrating a Gaussian Chain 6.3.4 Case Study: MC of Hard Disks 6.3.5 Case Study: MC of Hard Disk Dumbbells in 2D 6.3.6 Case Study: Equation of State for the Lennard-Jones Fluid 6.4 Rosenbluth and Rosenbluth Method 6.5 Bond Fluctuation Model 6.6 Monte Carlo Simulations in Different Ensembles 6.7 Random Numbers Are Hard to Find
• 7. Applications from Soft Matter and Shock Wave Physics 7.1 Biomembranes 7.2 Scaling Properties of Polymers 7.3 Polymer Melts 7.4 Polymer Networks as a Model for the Cytoskeleton of Cells 7.5 Shock Wave Impact in Brittle Solids
• 8. Concluding Remarks A Appendix A.1 Quantum Statistics of Ideal Gases A.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein- and Fermi-Dirac Statistics A.3 Stirling's Formula A.4 Useful Integrals in Statistical Physics A.3 Useful Conventions for Implementing Simulation Programs A.4 Quicksort and Heapsort Algorithms A.4 Selected Solutions to Exercises Abbreviations Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This work is a needed reference for widely used techniques and methods of computer simulation in physics and other disciplines, such as materials science. Molecular dynamics computes a molecule's reactions and dynamics based on physical models; Monte Carlo uses random numbers to image a system's behaviour when there are different possible outcomes with related probabilities. The work conveys both the theoretical foundations as well as applications and "tricks of the trade", that often are scattered across various papers. Thus it will meet a need and fill a gap for every scientist who needs computer simulations for his/her task at hand. In addition to being a reference, case studies and exercises for use as course reading are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover page; Half title; LICENSE, DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY, AND LIMITED WARRANTY; Title Page; Copyright; Dedication; CONTENTS; Preface;
• Chapter 1: Introduction;
• Chapter 2: Finite Element Method-A Summary; Overview; FEM Formulation; Matrix Approach; Example 2.1: Analysis of a 2D Truss; General Procedure for Global Matrix Assembly; Example 2.2: Global Matrix for Triangular Elements; Weighted Residual Approach; Galerkin Method; Shape Functions; Convergence and Stability; Example2.3: Heat Transfer in a Slender Steel Bar; Exercise Problems; References;
• Chapter 3: COMSOL-A Modeling Tool for Engineers.

• OverviewCOMSOL Interface; COMSOL Modules; COMSOL Model Library and Tutorials; General Guidelines for Building a Model;
• Chapter 4: COMSOL Models for Physical Systems; Overview; Section 4.1: Static and Dynamic Analysis of Structures; Example 4.1: Stress Analysis for a Thin Plate Under Stationary Loads; Example 4.2: Dynamic Analysis for a Thin Plate: Eigenvalues and Modal Shapes; Example 4.3: Parametric Study for a Bracket Assembly: 3D Stress Analysis; Example 4.4: Buckling of a Column with Triangular Cross-section: Linearized Buckling Analysis.

• Example 4
• .5: Static and Dynamic Analysis for a 2D Bridge-support TrussExample 4
• .6: Static and Dynamic Analysis for a 3D Truss Tower; Section 4
• .2: Dynamic Analysis and Models of Internal Flows: Laminar and Turbulent; Example 4
• .7: Axisymmetric Flow in a Nozzle: Simplified Water-jet; Example 4
• .8: Swirl Flow Around a Rotating Disk: Laminar Flow; Example 4
• .9: Swirl Flow Around a Rotating Disk: Turbulent Flow; Example 4
• .10: Flow in a U-shape Pipe with Square Cross-sectional Area: Laminar Flow; Example 4
• .11: Double-driven Cavity Flow: Moving Boundary Conditions.

• Example 4
• .12: Water Hammer Model: Transient Flow AnalysisExample 4
• .13: Static Fluid Mixer Model; Section 4
• .3: Modeling of Steady and Unsteady Heat Transfer in Media; Example 4
• .14: Heat Transfer in a Multilayer Sphere; Example 4
• .15: Heat Transfer in a Hexagonal Fin; Example 4
• .16: Transient Heat Transfer Through a Nonprismatic Fin with Convective Cooling; Example 4
• .17: Heat Conduction Through a Multilayer Wall with Contact Resistance; Section 4
• .4: Modeling of Electrical Circuits; Example 4
• .18: Modeling an RC Electrical Circuit; Example 4
• .19: Modeling an RLC Electrical Circuit.

• Section 4
• .5: Modeling Complex and Multiphysics ProblemsExample 4
• .20: Stress Analysis for an Orthotropic Thin Plate; Example 4
• .21: Thermal Stress Analysis and Transient Response of a Bracket; Example 4
• .22: Static Fluid Mixer with Flexible Baffles; Example 4
• .23: Double Pendulum: Multibody Dynamics; Example 4
• .24: Multiphysics Model for Thermoelectric Modules; Example 4
• .25: Acoustic Pressure Wave Propagation in an Automotive Muffler; Exercise Problems; References; Suggested Further Readings; Trademark References; Index.

• Preface
• 1. Introduction to Computer Simulation 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Theory, Modeling and Simulation in Physics 1.3 Reductionism in Physics 1.4 Basics of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations in Physics 1.5 Numerical Solution of Differential Equations: Mesh-Based vs. Particle Methods 1.6 The Role of Algorithms in Scientific Computing 1.7 Remarks on Software Design 1.8 Summary
• 2. Fundamentals of Statistical Physics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elementary Statistics 2.3 Introduction to Classical Statistical Mechanics 2.4 Introduction to Thermodynamics 2.5 Summary
• 3. Inter- and Intramolecular Short-Range Potentials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Quantum Mechanical Basis of Intermolecular Interactions 3.2.1 Perturbation Theory 3.3 Classical Theories of Intermolecular Interactions 3.4 Potential Functions 3.5 Molecular Systems 3.6 Summary
• 4. Molecular Dynamics Simulation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic Ideas of MD 4.3 Algorithms for Calculating Trajectories 4.4 Link between MD and Quantum Mechanics 4.5 Basic MD Algorithm: Implementation Details 4.6 Boundary Conditions 4.7 The Cutoff Radius for Short-Range Potentials 4.8 Neighbor Lists: The Linked-Cell Algorithm 4.9 The Method of Ghost Particles 4.10 Implementation Details of the Ghost Particle Method 4.11 Making Measurements 4.12 Ensembles and Thermostats 4.13 Case Study: Impact of Two Different Bodies 4.14 Case Study: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability 4.15 Case Study: Liquid-Solid Phase Transition of Argon
• 5. Advanced MD Simulation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Parallelization 5.3 More Complex Potentials and Molecules 5.4 Many Body Potentials 5.5 Coarse Grained MD for Mesoscopic Systems
• 6. Outlook on Monte Carlo Simulations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Metropolis Monte-Carlo Method 6.2.1 Calculation of Volumina and Surfaces 6.2.2 Percolation Theory 6.3 Basic MC Algorithm: Implementation Details 6.3.1 Case Study: The 2D Ising Magnet 6.3.2 Trial Moves and Pivot Moves 6.3.3 Case Study: Combined MD and MC for Equilibrating a Gaussian Chain 6.3.4 Case Study: MC of Hard Disks 6.3.5 Case Study: MC of Hard Disk Dumbbells in 2D 6.3.6 Case Study: Equation of State for the Lennard-Jones Fluid 6.4 Rosenbluth and Rosenbluth Method 6.5 Bond Fluctuation Model 6.6 Monte Carlo Simulations in Different Ensembles 6.7 Random Numbers Are Hard to Find
• 7. Applications from Soft Matter and Shock Wave Physics 7.1 Biomembranes 7.2 Scaling Properties of Polymers 7.3 Polymer Melts 7.4 Polymer Networks as a Model for the Cytoskeleton of Cells 7.5 Shock Wave Impact in Brittle Solids
• 8. Concluding Remarks A Appendix A.1 Quantum Statistics of Ideal Gases A.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein- and Fermi-Dirac Statistics A.3 Stirling's Formula A.4 Useful Integrals in Statistical Physics A.3 Useful Conventions for Implementing Simulation Programs A.4 Quicksort and Heapsort Algorithms A.4 Selected Solutions to Exercises Abbreviations Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This work is a needed reference for widely used techniques and methods of computer simulation in physics and other disciplines, such as materials science. Molecular dynamics computes a molecule's reactions and dynamics based on physical models; Monte Carlo uses random numbers to image a system's behaviour when there are different possible outcomes with related probabilities. The work conveys both the theoretical foundations as well as applications and "tricks of the trade", that often are scattered across various papers. Thus it will meet a need and fill a gap for every scientist who needs computer simulations for his/her task at hand. In addition to being a reference, case studies and exercises for use as course reading are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• 1. Introduction to Computer Simulation 1.1 Historical Background 1.2 Theory, Modeling and Simulation in Physics 1.3 Reductionism in Physics 1.4 Basics of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations in Physics 1.5 Numerical Solution of Differential Equations: Mesh-Based vs. Particle Methods 1.6 The Role of Algorithms in Scientific Computing 1.7 Remarks on Software Design 1.8 Summary
• 2. Fundamentals of Statistical Physics 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Elementary Statistics 2.3 Introduction to Classical Statistical Mechanics 2.4 Introduction to Thermodynamics 2.5 Summary
• 3. Inter- and Intramolecular Short-Range Potentials 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Quantum Mechanical Basis of Intermolecular Interactions 3.2.1 Perturbation Theory 3.3 Classical Theories of Intermolecular Interactions 3.4 Potential Functions 3.5 Molecular Systems 3.6 Summary
• 4. Molecular Dynamics Simulation 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic Ideas of MD 4.3 Algorithms for Calculating Trajectories 4.4 Link between MD and Quantum Mechanics 4.5 Basic MD Algorithm: Implementation Details 4.6 Boundary Conditions 4.7 The Cutoff Radius for Short-Range Potentials 4.8 Neighbor Lists: The Linked-Cell Algorithm 4.9 The Method of Ghost Particles 4.10 Implementation Details of the Ghost Particle Method 4.11 Making Measurements 4.12 Ensembles and Thermostats 4.13 Case Study: Impact of Two Different Bodies 4.14 Case Study: Rayleigh-Taylor Instability 4.15 Case Study: Liquid-Solid Phase Transition of Argon
• 5. Advanced MD Simulation 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Parallelization 5.3 More Complex Potentials and Molecules 5.4 Many Body Potentials 5.5 Coarse Grained MD for Mesoscopic Systems
• 6. Outlook on Monte Carlo Simulations 6.1 Introduction 6.2 The Metropolis Monte-Carlo Method 6.2.1 Calculation of Volumina and Surfaces 6.2.2 Percolation Theory 6.3 Basic MC Algorithm: Implementation Details 6.3.1 Case Study: The 2D Ising Magnet 6.3.2 Trial Moves and Pivot Moves 6.3.3 Case Study: Combined MD and MC for Equilibrating a Gaussian Chain 6.3.4 Case Study: MC of Hard Disks 6.3.5 Case Study: MC of Hard Disk Dumbbells in 2D 6.3.6 Case Study: Equation of State for the Lennard-Jones Fluid 6.4 Rosenbluth and Rosenbluth Method 6.5 Bond Fluctuation Model 6.6 Monte Carlo Simulations in Different Ensembles 6.7 Random Numbers Are Hard to Find
• 7. Applications from Soft Matter and Shock Wave Physics 7.1 Biomembranes 7.2 Scaling Properties of Polymers 7.3 Polymer Melts 7.4 Polymer Networks as a Model for the Cytoskeleton of Cells 7.5 Shock Wave Impact in Brittle Solids
• 8. Concluding Remarks A Appendix A.1 Quantum Statistics of Ideal Gases A.2 Maxwell-Boltzmann, Bose-Einstein- and Fermi-Dirac Statistics A.3 Stirling's Formula A.4 Useful Integrals in Statistical Physics A.3 Useful Conventions for Implementing Simulation Programs A.4 Quicksort and Heapsort Algorithms A.4 Selected Solutions to Exercises Abbreviations Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This work is a needed reference for widely used techniques and methods of computer simulation in physics and other disciplines, such as materials science. Molecular dynamics computes a molecule's reactions and dynamics based on physical models; Monte Carlo uses random numbers to image a system's behaviour when there are different possible outcomes with related probabilities. The work conveys both the theoretical foundations as well as applications and "tricks of the trade", that often are scattered across various papers. Thus it will meet a need and fill a gap for every scientist who needs computer simulations for his/her task at hand. In addition to being a reference, case studies and exercises for use as course reading are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1: Introduction.
• 2: Finite Element Method (FEM)-A Summary.
• 3: COMSOL - A Modeling Tool For Engineers.
• 4: Modeling Single-Physics Problems.
• 5: Modeling Multi-Physics Problems.
• 6: Modeling Energy Systems With COMSOL.
• 7: Advanced Features Of COMSOL.
• Appendices.
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

COMSOL Multiphysics software is one of the most valuable software modeling tools for engineers and scientists. This book is designed for engineers from the fields of mechanical, electrical, and civil disciplines, and introduces multiphysics modeling techniques and examples accompanied by practical applications using COMSOL 4.x. The book includes a companion CD-ROM with files of over 25 models, images, and code. The main objective is to introduce readers to use COMSOL as an engineering tool for modeling by solving examples that could become a guide for modeling similar or more complicated problems. The objective is to provide a collection of examples and modeling guidelines through which readers can build their own models. Readers are assumed to be familiar with the principles of numerical modeling and the finite element method (FEM). The book takes a flexible-level approach for presenting the materials along with using practical examples. The mathematical fundamentals, engineering principles, and design criteria are presented as integral parts of examples. At the end of each chapter are references that contain more in-depth physics, technical information, and data; these are referred to throughout the book and used in the examples. "COMSOL for Engineers" could be used to complement another text that provides background training in engineering computations and methods. Examples provided in this book should be considered as "lessons" for which background physics could be explained in more detail. FEATURES Includes a companion CD-ROM with files of over 25 models, images, code Uses progressive approach in terms of examples and models.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Series Preface
• Preface
• Foreword
• List of Contributors
• Part One - Growth
• 1 Bulk Growth of Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT)
• P. Capper
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Phase Equilibria
• 1.3 Crystal Growth
• 1.4 Conclusions
• References
• 2 Bulk growth of CdZnTe/CdTe crystals
• A. Noda, H. Kurita and R. Hirano
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 High-purity Cd and Te
• 2.3 Crystal Growth
• 2.4 Wafer processing
• 2.5 Summary
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 3 Properties of Cd(Zn)Te (relevant to use as substrates)
• S. Adachi
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Structural Properties
• 3.3 Thermal Properties
• 3.4 Mechanical and Lattice Vibronic Properties
• 3.5 Collective Effects and Some Response Characteristics
• 3.6 Electronic Energy-band Structure
• 3.7 Optical Properties
• 3.8 Carrier Transport Properties
• References
• 4 Substrates for the Epitaxial growth of MCT
• J. Garland and R. Sporken
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Substrate Orientation
• 4.3 CZT Substrates
• 4.4 Si-based Substrates
• 4.5 Other Substrates
• 4.6 Summary and Comclusions
• References
• 5 Liquid phase epitaxy of MCT
• P. Capper
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Growth
• 5.3 Material Characteristics
• 5.4 Device Status
• 5.5 Summary and Future Developments
• References
• 6 Metal-Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (MOVPE) Growth
• C. M. Maxey
• 6.1 Requirement for Epitaxy
• 6.2 History
• 6.3 Substrate Choices
• 6.4 Reactor Design
• 6.5 Process Parameters
• 6.6 Metalorganic Sources
• 6.7 Uniformity
• 6.8 Reproducibility
• 6.9 Doping
• 6.10 Defects
• 6.11 Annealing
• 6.12 In-situ monitoring
• 6.13 Conclusions
• References
• 7 MBE growth of Mercury Cadmium Telluride
• J. Garland
• 7.1 Introduction
• 7.2 MBE Growth theory and Growth Modes
• 7.3 Substrate Mounting
• 7.4 In-situ Characterization Tools
• 7.5 MCT Nucleation and Growth
• 7.6 Dopants and Dopant Activation
• 7.7 Properties of MCT epilayers grown by MBE
• 7.8 Conclusions
• References
• Part Two - Properties
• 8 Mechanical and Thermal Properties
• M. Martyniuk, J.M. Dell and L. Faraone
• 8.1 Density of MCT
• 8.2 Lattice Parameter of MCT
• 8.3 Coefficient of Thermal Expansion for MCT
• 8.4 Elastic Parameters of MCT
• 8.5 Hardness and deformation characteristics of HgCdTe
• 8.6 Phase Diagrams of MCT
• 8.7 Viscosity of the MCT melt
• 8.8 Thermal properties of MCT
• References
• 9 Optical Properties of MCT
• J. Chu and Y. Chang
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Optical Constants and the Dielectric Function
• 9.3 Theory of Band-to-band Optical Transition
• 9.4 Near Band Gap Absorption
• 9.5 Analytic Expressions and Empirical Formulas for Intrinsic Absorption and Urbach Tail
• 9.6 Dispersion of the Refractive Index
• 9.7 Optical Constants and Related van Hover Singularities above the Energy Gap
• 9.8 Reflection Spectra and Dielectric Function
• 9.9 Multimode Model of Lattice Vibration
• 9.10 Phonon Absorption
• 9.11 Raman Scattering
• 9.12 Photoluminescence Spectroscopy
• References
• 10 Diffusion in MCT
• D. Shaw
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 Self-Diffusion
• 10.3 Chemical Self-Diffusion
• 10.4 Compositional Interdiffusion
• 10.5 Impurity Diffusion
• References
• 11 Defects in HgCdTe - Fundamental
• M. A. Berding
• 11.1 Introduction
• 11.2 Ab Initio calculations
• 11.3 Prediction of Native Point Defect Densities in HgCdgTe
• 11.4 Future Challenges
• References
• 12 Band Structure and Related Properties of HgCdTe
• C. R. Becker and S. Krishnamurthy
• 12.1 Introduction
• 12.2 Parameters
• 12.3 Electronic Band Structure
• 12.4 Comparison with Experiment
• Acknowledgments
• References
• 13 Conductivity Type Conversion
• P. Capper and D. Shaw
• 13.1 Introduction
• 13.2 Native Defects in Undoped MCT
• 13.3 Native Defects in Doped MCT
• 13.4 Defect Concentrations During Cool Down
• 13.5 Change of Conductivity Type
• 13.6 Dry Etching by Ion Beam Milling
• 13.7 Plasma Etching
• 13.8 Summary
• References
• 14 Extrinsic Doping
• D. Shaw and P. Capper
• 14.1 Introduction
• 14.2 Impurity Activity
• 14.3 Thermal Ionization Energies of Impurities
• 14.4 Segregation Properties of Impurities
• 14.5 Traps and Recombination Centers
• 14.6 Donor and Acceptor Doping in LWIR and MWIR MCT
• 14.7 Residual Defects
• 14.8 Conclusions
• References
• 15
• Structure and electrical characteristics of Metal/MCT interfaces
• R. J. Westerhout, C. A. Musca, Richard H. Sewell, John M. Dell, and L. Faraone
• 15.1 Introduction
• 15.2 Reactive/intermediately reactive/nonreactive categories
• 15.3 Ultrareactive/reactive categories
• 15.4 Conclusion
• 15.5 Passivation of MCT
• 15.6 Conclusion
• 15.7 Contacts to MCT
• 15.7 Surface Effects on MCT
• 15.8 Surface Structure of CdTe and MCT
• References
• 16 MCT Superlattices for VLWIR Detectors and Focal Plane Arrays
• James Garland
• 16.1 Introduction
• 16.2 Why HgTe-Based Superlattices
• 16.3 Calculated Properties
• 16.4 Growth
• 16.5 Interdiffusion
• 16.6 Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
• References
• 17 Dry Plasma Processing of Mercury Cadmium Telluride and related II- VIs
• Andrew Stolz
• 17.1 Introduction
• 17.2 Effects of Plasma Gases on MCT
• 17.3 Plasma Parameters
• 17.4 Characterization - Surfaces of Plasma Processed MCT
• 17.5 Manufacturing Issues and Solutions
• 17.6 Plasma Processes in Production of II-VI materials
• 17.7 Conclusions and Future Efforts
• References
• 18 MCT Photoconductive Infrared Detectors
• I. M. Baker
• 18.1 Introduction
• 18.2 Applications and Sensor Design
• 18.3 Photoconductive Detectors in MCT and Related Alloys
• 18.4 SPRITE Detectors
• 18.5 Conclusions on Photoconductive MCT Detectors
• Ackowledgements
• References
• Part Three - Applications
• 19 HgCdTe Photovoltaic Infrared Detectors
• I. M. Baker
• 19.1 Introduction
• 19.2 Advantages of the Photovoltaic Device in MCT
• 19.3 Applications
• 19.4 Fundamentals of MCT Photodiodes
• 19.5 Theoretical Foundations for MCT Array Technology
• 19.6 Manufacturing Technology for MCT Arrays
• 19.7 Towards "GEN III" Detectors
• 19.8 Conclusions and Future Trends for Photovoltaic NCT Arrays
• References
• 20 Nonequilibrium, dual-band and emission devices
• C. Jones and N. Gordon
• 20.1 Introduction
• 20.2 Nonequilibrium Devices
• 20.3 Dual-Band Devices
• 20.4 Emission devices
• 20.5 Conclusions
• References
• 21 HgCdTe Electron Avalanche Photodiodes (EAPDs)
• I. M. Baker and M. Kinch
• 21.1 Introduction and Applications
• 21.2 The Avalanche Multiplication Effect
• 21.3 Physics of MCT EAPDs
• 21.4 Technology of MCT EAPDs
• 21.5 Reported Performance of Arrays of MCT EAPDs
• 21.6 Laser-gated Imaging as a Practical Example of MCT EAPDs
• 21.7 Conclusions and Future Developments
• References
• 22 Room-temperature IR photodetectors
• Jozef Piotrowski and Adam Piotrowski
• 22.1 Introduction
• 22.2 Performance of Room-Temperature Infrared Photodetectors
• 22.3 MCT as a Material for Room-Temperature Photodetectors
• 22.4 Photoconductive Devices
• 22.5 Photoelectromagnetic, Magnetoconcentration and Dember IR Detectors
• 22.6 Photodiodes
• 22.7 Conclusions
• References
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Mercury Cadmium Telluride delivers a comprehensive treatment of both the growth techniques and fundamental properties of mercury cadmium telluride (MCT). It also presents information on the current developments in the use of this important material and includes contributions from many of the key groups working in the area from several countries, giving it a wide, international appeal. Edited by experts in the field of MCT, this reference is essential for researchers or postgraduates who want to check out a property value or read about a growth technique or device application.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Kinematics and vectors
• 2. Newton's laws, energy, and momentum
• 3. Rotational motion
• 4. Rotation matrices
• 5. Material properties - elasticity
• 6. Harmonic oscillators
• 7. Waves
• 8. The quantum puzzle
• 9. Quantum mechanics
• 10. Quantum electrons
• 11. Quantum electrons in solids
• 12. Thermal physics
• 13. Quantum statistics
• 14. Electromagnetic phenomena
• 15. Fluids.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Providing an overview of the foundations of engineering from a fundamental scientific and physical perspective, this book reinforces the basic scientific and mathematical principles which underpin a range of engineering disciplines and applications. It covers the basics of physics, including quantum physics, as well as some key topics in chemistry, making it a valuable resource for both students and professionals looking to gain a more coherent and interdisciplinary understanding of engineering systems. Throughout, the focus is on common features of physical systems (such as mechanical and electronic resonance), showing how the same underlying principles apply to different disciplines. Problems are provided at the end of each chapter including conceptual questions and examples to demonstrate the practical application of fundamental scientific principles. These include real-world examples, which are solvable using computational packages such as MATLAB.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Collective Excitations in Superlattice Structures
• Raman Spectroscopy of Vibrations in Superlattices
• Spectroscopy of Free Carrier Excitations in Semiconductor Quantum Wells
• Raman Studies of Fibonacci, Thue-Morse, and Random Superlattices
• Multichannel Detection and Raman Spectroscopy of Surface Layers and Interfaces
• Brillouin Scattering from Metallic Superlattices
• Light Scattering from Spin Waves in Thin Films and Layered Magnetic Structures
• Additional References with Titles
• Subject Index.

This book is the fifth in a series devoted to the theory and practice of inelastic light scattering (Raman and Brillouin) as applied to amorphous and crystalline solids. This volume is concerned with the investigation by these techniques of artificial periodic structures prepared by such gas-phase deposition techniques as Molecular Beam Epitaxy. The phenomena treated involve phonons, magnons, plasmons, and other electronic excitations. The book supplies theoretical background, information on modern experimental techniques such as multichannel detectors, and a number of experimental results.

• Collective Versus Statistical Aspects of Nuclear Motion.- Tests of Fundamental Symmetries in Compound-Nucleus Scattering.- Chaos in Nuclei.- Ericson Fluctuations Versus Conductance Fluctuations: Similarities and Differences.- Hot Nuclei - Landau Theory, Thermal Fluctuations and Dissipation.- Dissipation and Thermal Fluctuations in Heavy-Ion Collisions.- Multi-Dimensional Tunneling and Nuclear Fission.- Phase-Space Dynamics of Heavy-Ion Reactions.- Quantum Chaology: Our Knowledge and Ignorance.- True Quantum Chaos? An Instructive Example.- Toward the Fundamental Theory of Nuclear Matter Physics: The Microscopic Theory of Nuclear Collective Dynamics.- Mean Field Dynamics and Low-Lying Collective Excitations.- Rotational Motion in Warm Atomic Nuclei.- Collectivity and Chaoticity in Nuclear Dynamics.- Index of Contributors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"New Trends in Nuclear Collective Dynamics" emphasizes research toward understanding collective and statistical aspects of nuclear dynamics. Well-known lecturers from centers of nuclear research present reviews of recent developments. The topics covered are: -order and chaos in finite quantum systems -dissipation in heavy-ion collisions -collective motionsin warm nuclei -time-dependent mean-field theory with collision terms -nuclear fission and multi-dimensional tunneling -large-scale collective motion.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Contents
• Contributors
• Chapter 1: Simulation of Quantum Ballistic Transport in FinFETs
• 1.1 Introduction
• 1.2 Quantum Effects in FinFETs
• 1.2.1 Quantum Confinement
• 1.2.2 Quantum-Mechanical Tunneling
• 1.2.3 Ballistic Transport and Quantum Interference
• 1.3 Self-Consistent Field Method
• 1.4 The NEGF in Real-Space Representation
• 1.5 Computationally Efficient Methods in the Real Space
• 1.5.1 The Recursive GreenÂ?s Function Algorithm
• 1.5.2 The Contact Block Reduction Method
• 1.5.3 The Gauss Elimination Method

• 1.5.4 Computational Efficiency Comparison1.6 The NEGF in Mode-Space Representation
• 1.6.1 Coupled Mode-Space Approach
• 1.6.2 Partial-Coupled Mode-Space Approach
• 1.6.3 Validation of the PCMS Approach
• 1.7 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 2: Model for Quantum Confinement in Nanowires and the Application of This Model to the Study of Carrier Mobility in Na ...
• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Surface Energy
• 2.3 Thermodynamic Imbalance
• 2.4 Nanowire Surface Disorder
• 2.5 Quantum Confinement
• 2.6 Energy Band Gap as Function of Nanowire Diameter

• 2.7 Formula for Amorphicity2.8 Models for Carrier Scattering
• 2.9 Calculated Carrier Mobility
• 2.10 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 3: Understanding the FinFET Mobility by Systematic Experiments
• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Impact of Surface Orientation
• 3.3 Impact of Strain
• 3.4 Impact of Fin Doping
• 3.5 Impact of Gate Stack
• 3.6 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 4: Quantum Mechanical Potential Modeling of FinFET
• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 FinFET Structure
• 4.2.1 FinFET Design Parameters
• 4.3 Quantum Mechanical Potential Modeling

• 4.4 Threshold Voltage Modeling4.5 Source/Drain Resistance Modeling
• 4.6 Results and Discussion
• 4.7 Conclusion
• References
• Chapter 5: Physical Insight and Correlation Analysis of Finshape Fluctuations and Work-Function Variability in FinFET Devices
• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Modeling Approach
• 5.2.1 LER Modeling
• 5.2.2 WFV Modeling
• 5.3 Statistical Analysis of LER- and WFV-Induced Fluctuations
• 5.4 Correlation-Based Approaches for Variability Estimation
• 5.4.1 Correlations and Sensitivity Analysis

• 5.4.2 Simplified Approaches for Variability Estimation5.4.2.1 Threshold Voltage Variability
• 5.4.2.2 Drive Current Variability
• 5.4.3 Physical Insight of Fin LER-Induced Threshold Voltage Increase
• 5.5 Asymmetric Impact of Localized Fluctuations
• 5.5.1 Impact of Local Fin Thinning
• 5.5.2 Impact of Grain Location and Size
• 5.6 Conclusions
• References
• Chapter 6: Characteristic and Fluctuation of Multi-fin FinFETs
• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.1.1 Random Dopant Fluctuation
• 6.1.2 Reduction Techniques of Random Dopant Fluctuation

This book reviews a range of quantum phenomena in novel nanoscale transistors called FinFETs, including quantized conductance of 1D transport, single electron effect, tunneling transport, etc. The goal is to create a fundamental bridge between quantum FinFET and nanotechnology to stimulate readers' interest in developing new types of semiconductor technology. Although the rapid development of micro-nano fabrication is driving the MOSFET downscaling trend that is evolving from planar channel to nonplanar FinFET, silicon-based CMOS technology is expected to face fundamental limits in thenear future. Therefore, new types of nanoscale devices are being investigated aggressively to take advantage of the quantum effect in carrier transport. The quantum confinement effect of FinFET at room temperatures was reported following the breakthrough to sub-10nm scale technology in silicon nanowires. With chapters written by leading scientists throughout the world, "Toward Quantum FinFET" provides a comprehensive introduction to the field as well as a platform for knowledge sharing and dissemination of the latest advances. As a roadmap to guide further research in an area of increasing importance for the future development of materials science, nanofabrication technology, and nano-electronic devices, the book can be recommended for Physics, Electrical Engineering, and Materials Science departments, and as a reference on micro-nano electronic science and device design.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I.-AC IT SYSTEMS.-1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS.-2. GROUND INSULATION MEASUREMENT IN AC IT SYSTEMS.-3. INSULATION MONITORING SYSTEMS.-4. CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS OF INSULATION RESISTANCE PART II.-DC IT SYSTEMS.-5. EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS OF DC NETWORKS.-6. INSULATION RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT METHODS.-
• 7. DEVICES AND SYSTEMS FOR INSULATION DETERIORATION ALARMING.- 8. MODERN METHODS OF CONTINUOUS INSULATION MONITORING.-9. EARTH FAULT, LEAKAGE AND ELECTRIC SHOCK CURRENTS IN DC IT SYSTEMS PART III.-AC AND DC IT SYSTEMS.-10. EFFECTS OF AC AND DC IT SYSTEMS INSULATION FAILURES.-11. INSULATION MONITORS SETTINGS SELECTION.-12. AC/DC IT SYSTEMS.-13. EARTH FAULT LOCATION IN AC AND DC IT SYSTEMS.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Low voltage unearthed (IT) AC and DC systems are commonly applied for supply of power and control circuits in industry, transportation, medical objects etc. The main reasons for their use are high reliability and numerous advantages offered by isolating them against ground. Insulation level is a decisive factor for networks operational reliability and safety. Insufficient insulation-to-ground resistance can cause various disturbances. Though ground faults in IT systems do not make networks operation impossible, they may cause severe problems with their safe functioning. In this book the most important issues concerning normal operation and ground fault phenomena are described in concise form. Numerous methods of insulation resistance and capacitance measurement in live circuits are presented. Important other procedures of these parameters determination based on measurement and calculation are explained and reviews of selected insulation resistance measurement devices as well as earth fault locating systems are included. For the text understanding merely basic knowledge of electrical circuits theory is required. This book is addressed to electrical engineers, technicians and students of this specialty and may also serve as an academic handbook.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chaos in Laser Systems
• Semiconductor Lasers and Theory
• Theory of Optical Feedback in Semiconductor Lasers
• Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback
• Dynamics in Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Injection
• Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optoelectronic Feedback and Modulation
• Instability and Chaos in Various Laser Structures
• Chaos Control and Applications
• Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers
• Metrology Based on Chaotic Semiconductor Lasers
• Chaos Synchronization in Semiconductor Lasers
• Chaotic Communications in Semiconductor Lasers
• Physical Random Number Generations and Photonic Integrated Circuits for Chaotic Generators.

This third edition of "Semiconductor Lasers, Stability, Instability and Chaos" was significantly extended. In the previous edition, the dynamics and characteristics of chaos in semiconductor lasers after the introduction of the fundamental theory of laser chaos and chaotic dynamics induced by self-optical feedback and optical injection was discussed. Semiconductor lasers with new device structures, such as vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and broad-area semiconductor lasers, are interesting devices from the viewpoint of chaotic dynamics since they essentially involve chaotic dynamics even in their free-running oscillations. These topics are also treated with respect to the new developments in the current edition. Also the control of such instabilities and chaos control are critical issues for applications. Another interesting and important issue of semiconductor laser chaos in this third edition is chaos synchronization between two lasers and the application to optical secure communication. One of the new topics in this edition is fast physical number generation using chaotic semiconductor lasers for secure communication and development of chaos chips and their application. As other new important topics, the recent advance of new semiconductor laser structures is presented, such as quantum-dot semiconductor lasers, quantum-cascade semiconductor lasers, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers and physical random number generation with application to quantum key distribution. Stabilities, instabilities, and control of quantum-dot semiconductor lasers and quantum-cascade lasers are important topics in this field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Front Cover; Nanotechnology Cookbook: Practical, Reliable and Jargon-free Experimental Procedures; Copyright; Contents; Acknowledgements; Chapter1 Introduction; Chapter2 Safety; General Laboratory Procedure; Personal Safety Equipment; References; Chapter3 Common Analytical Techniques for Nanoscale Materials; Principles of Electron Microscopy; Transmission Electron Microscopy; Sample Preparation for Tem; Scanning Electron Microscopy; Sample Preparation in Sem; Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy; Atomic Force Microscopy; Powder X-Ray Diffraction; UV-Visible Spectroscopy.

• Dynamic Light Scattering and Zeta Potential MeasurementBet Surface Area Measurement; References; Chapter4 Chemical Techniques; The SOL-GEL Process; Coating Nanomaterials Using the Sol Gel Method; Using Sol Gel Dip Coating to form Thin Films, Thin Porous Films and Replicas; Replication of Oddly Shaped Morphologies Using Sol Gel Techniques; Mesoporous Inorganic Powders; Aerogels and Supercritical Drying; Applications of Aerogels; Monoliths and Glasses Containing Functional Biological Materials; Growing Zinc Oxide Nanorods; Cadmium Sulfide, Selenide and Telluride Quantum Dots.

• Making Gold and Silver ColloidsFerrofluids; Allotropes of Carbon; Metal Organic Frameworks; References; Chapter5 Physical Techniques; Chemical Vapour Deposition; Atomic Layer Deposition; Photolithography Patterning; Making Wire Tips for Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy; References; Chapter6 Biological Nanotechnology; Cloning and Gene Expression to Produce Proteins in Escherichia Coli; DNA Origami?; Keeping Bacteria Long Term in a Glycerol Stock; Testing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of an Antibiotic; References; Index.

The peculiarities of materials at the nanoscale demand an interdisciplinary approach which can be difficult for students and researchers who are trained predominantly in a single field. A chemist might not have experience at working with cell cultures or a physicist may have no idea how to make the gold colloid they need for calibrating an atomic force microscope. The interdisciplinary approach of the book will help you to quickly synthesize information from multiple perspectives. Nanoscience research is also characterized by rapid movement within disciplines. The amount of time it takes wading through papers and chasing down academics is frustrating and wasteful and our reviewers seem to suggest this work would give an excellent starting point for their work. The current source of published data is either in journal articles, which requires highly advanced knowledge of background information, or books on the subject, which can skim over the essential details of preparations. Having a cookbook to hand to flick through and from which you may select a preparation acts as a good source of contact both to researchers and those who supervise them alike. This book therefore supports fundamental nanoscience experimentation. It is by intention much more user-friendly than traditional published works, which too-frequently assumes state of the art knowledge. Moreover you can pick up this book and find a synthesis to suit your needs without digging through specialist papers or tracking someone down who eventually may or may not be able to help. Once you have used the recipe the book would then act as a reference guide for how to analyze these materials and what to look out for. This title includes 100+ detailed recipes for synthesis of basic nanostructured materials, enables readers to pick up the book and get started on a preparation immediately. It features high fidelity images that show how preparations should look rather than vague schematics or verbal descriptions. It is sequential and user-friendly by design, so the reader won't get lost in overly detailed theory or miss out a step from ignorance. This is a cookbook, by design and structure the work is easy to use, familiar and compact.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface. Acknowledgments. 1 Radionuclides and their Radiometric Measurement. 1.1 Radionuclides. 1.2 Modes of Radioactive Decay. 1.3 Detection and Measurement of Radiation. 2 Special Features of the Chemistry of Radionuclides and their Separation. 2.1 Small Quantities. 2.2 Adsorption. 2.3 Use of Carriers. 2.4 Utilization of Radiation in the Determination of Radionuclides. 2.5 Consideration of Elapsed Time. 2.6 Changes in the System Caused by Radiation and Decay. 2.7 The Need for Radiochemical Separations. 3 Factors Affecting Chemical Forms of Radionuclides in Aqueous Solutions. 3.1 Solution pH. 3.2 Redox Potential. 3.3 Dissolved Gases. 3.4 Ligands Forming Complexes with Metals. 3.5 Humic Substances. 3.6 Colloidal Particles. 3.7 Source and Generation of Radionuclides. 3.8 Appendix: Reagents Used to Adjust Oxidation States of Radionuclides. 4 Separation Methods. 4.1 Precipitation. 4.2 Solubility Product. 4.3 Ion Exchange. 4.4 Solvent Extraction. 4.5 Extraction Chromatography. 5 Yield Determinations and Counting Source Preparation. 5.1 The Determination of Chemical Yield in Radiochemical Analyses. 5.2 Preparation of Sources for Activity Counting. 5.3 Essentials in Chemical Yield Determination and in Counting Source Preparation. 6 Radiochemistry of the Alkali Metals. 6.1 Most Important Radionuclides of the Alkali Metals. 6.2 Chemical Properties of the Alkali Metals. 6.3 Separation Needs of Alkali Metal Radionuclides. 6.4 Potassium 40K. 6.5 Cesium 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs. 6.6 Essentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkali Metals. 7 Radiochemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metals. 7.1 Most Important Radionuclides of the Alkaline Earth Metals. 7.2 Chemical Properties of the Alkaline Earth Metals. 7.3 Beryllium 7Be and 10Be. 7.4 Calcium 41Ca and 45Ca. 7.5 Strontium 89Sr and 90Sr. 7.6 Radium 226Ra and 228Ra. 7.7 Essentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metals. 8 Radiochemistry of the 3d-Transition Metals. 8.1 The Most Important Radionuclides of the 3d-Transition Metals. 8.2 Chemical Properties of the 3d-Transition Metals. 8.3 Iron 55Fe. 8.4 Nickel 59Ni and 63Ni. 8.5 Essentials in 3-d Transition Metals Radiochemistry. 9 Radiochemistry of the 4d-Transition Metals. 9.1 Important Radionuclides of the 4d-Transition Metals. 9.2 Chemistry of the 4d-Transition Metals. 9.3 Technetium 99Tc. 9.4 Zirconium 93Zr. 9.5 Molybdenum 93Mo. 9.6 Niobium 94Nb. 9.7 Essentials in the Radiochemistry of 4-d Transition Metals. 10 Radiochemistry of the Lanthanides. 10.1 Important Lanthanide Radionuclides. 10.2 Chemical Properties of the Lanthanides. 10.3 Separation of Lanthanides from Actinides. 10.4 Lanthanides as Actinide Analogs. 10.5 147Pm and 151Sm. 10.6 Essentials of Lanthanide Radiochemistry. 11 Radiochemistry of the Halogens. 11.1 Important Halogen Radionuclides. 11.2 Physical and Chemical Properties of the Halogens. 11.3 Chlorine 36Cl. 11.4 Iodine 129I. 11.5 Essentials of Halogen Radiochemistry. 12 Radiochemistry of the Noble Gases. 12.1 Important Radionuclides of the Noble Gases. 12.2 Physical and Chemical Characteristics of the Noble Gases. 12.3 Measurement of Xe Isotopes in Air. 12.4 Determination of 85Kr in Air. 12.5 Radon and its Determination. 12.6 Essentials of Noble Gas Radiochemistry. 13 Radiochemistry of Tritium and Radiocarbon. 13.1 Tritium 3H. 13.2 Radiocarbon 14C. 13.3 Essentials of Tritium and Radiocarbon Radiochemistry. 14 Radiochemistry of Lead, Polonium, Tin, and Selenium. 14.1 Polonium 210Po. 14.2 Lead 210Pb. 14.3 Tin 126Sn. 14.4 Selenium 79Se. 14.5 Essentials of Polonium, Lead, Tin, and Selenium Radiochemistry. 15 Radiochemistry of the Actinides. 15.1 Important Actinide Isotopes. 15.2 Generation and Origin of the Actinides. 15.3 Electronic Structures of the Actinides. 15.4 Oxidation States of the Actinides. 15.5 Ionic Radii of the Actinides. 15.6 Major Chemical Forms of the Actinides. 15.7 Disproportionation. 15.8 Hydrolysis and Polymerization of the Actinides. 15.9 Complex Formation of the Actinides. 15.10 Oxides of the Actinides. 15.11 Actinium. 15.12 Thorium. 15.13 Protactinium. 15.14 Uranium. 15.15 Neptunium. 15.16 Plutonium. 15.17 Americium and Curium. 16 Speciation Analysis. 16.1 Considerations Relevant to Speciation. 16.2 Significance of Speciation. 16.3 Categorization of Speciation Analyzes. 16.4 Fractionation Techniques for Environmental Samples. 16.5 Analysis of Radionuclide and Isotope Compositions. 16.6 Spectroscopic Speciation Methods. 16.7 Wet Chemical Methods. 16.8 Sequential Extractions. 16.9 Computational Speciation Methods. 16.10 Characterization of Radioactive Particles. 17 Measurement of Radionuclides by Mass Spectrometry. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). 17.3 Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS). 17.4 Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS). 17.5 Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS). 17.6 Essentials of the Measurement of Radionuclides by Mass Spectrometry. 18 Sampling and Sample Pretreatment for the Determination of Radionuclides. 18.1 Introduction. 18.2 Air Sampling and Pretreatment. 18.3 Sampling Gaseous Components. 18.4 Atmospheric Deposition Sampling. 18.5 Water Sampling. 18.6 Sediment Sampling and Pretreatment. 18.7 Soil Sampling and Pretreatment. 18.8 Essentials in Sampling and Sample Pretreatment for Radionuclides. 19 Chemical Changes Induced by Radioactive Decay. 19.1 Autoradiolysis. 19.2 Transmutation and Subsequent Chemical Changes. 19.3 Recoil Hot Atom Chemistry. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• ch. 1.
• Modeling methodology using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 2. Materials properties using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 3. 0D electrical circuit interface modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 4. 1D modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 5. 2D modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 6. 2D axisymmetric modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 7. 2D simple mixed mode modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 8. 2D complex mixed mode modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 9. 3D modeling using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 10. Perfectly matched layer models using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x --ch. 11. Bioheat models using COMSOL Multiphysics 4.x.

• Each article in the Encyclopedia of Applied Physics contains: A detailed table of contents for quick access to desired information A glossary of unfamiliar terms A detailed list of works cited that provides an introduction to the literature of the field Suggestions for further reading which indicate more in-depth books and review articels Numerous cross-references Uniform terms, abbreviations, symbols and units.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Atmospheric ice
• biomimetic processing of ceramics
• capillary electrophoresis
• dating techniques
• interferometric techniques
• micromagnetics and micromagnetic devices
• negative hydrogen ion sources
• nitrides
• percolation processes
• periodic surfaces in physics, chemistry and biology
• photographic imaging - special techniques
• photographic imaging - stereoscopioc
• photography, digital
• photography, physics and technology
• quantum computing
• safety and health in the physical science laboratory
• semiconductors, isotopically engineered
• semiconductors, nitride
• silicides
• silicon, porous
• sun, structure of superfluidity: liquid helium systems/surfaces and interfaces of solids/symmetries and conservation laws/X-ray microscopy and microanalysis
• addenda - acoustical tomography/atmospheric structure/biological effects of electromagnetic and particle radiation/biological effects of sound and ultrasound/ characterization and analysis of materials/chemical analysis/computer databases/computer programming languages/cyclotrons/ display technology/ Earth, internal structure of the electroluminiscence/explosives/fusion, inertial confinement/fusion, magnetic confinement/mesoscopic systems/ modulators and demodulators, electrical/muonic, Mesonic and Baryonic atoms/neurobiophysics/Raman spectroscopy
• instrumentation seismology.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Capillary electrophoresis
• dating techniques
• interferometric techniques
• negative hydrogen ion sources
• photographic imaging - special techniques
• photography
• physics and technology
• safety and health in the physical science laboratory
• silicides
• silicon
• porous
• sun
• structure of superfluidity - liquid helium systems
• surfaces and interfaces of solids
• addenda - atmospheric structure
• biological effects of electromagnetic and particle radiation
• biological effects of sound and ultrasound
• characterization and analysis of materials
• chemical analysis
• cyclotrons
• display technology
• earth, internal structure of the fusion, inertial confinement
• fusion, magnetic confinement
• modulators and demodulators, electrical. (Part contents).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sonoluminescence. Sound Reproduction. Sources, Particle-Electron. Space Exploration. Space-Physics Instrumentation. Sparks, Arcs, and Other Electric Discharges. Special Functions. Spectrometers, Electron and Ion. Spectrometers, Gamma-Ray. Spectrometers, Infrared. Spectrometers, Mass. Spectrometers, Neutron. Spectrometers, X-Ray. Spectroscopy, Laser. Spectroscopy, Photoacoustic. Sputtering. SQUIDs. Statistical Data and Error Analysis. Statistical Mechanics, Classical. Statistical Mechanics, Quantum. Statistical Physics of Membranes and Lamellar Systems. Steam Engines. Steel.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Approaching physics from the standpoint of technical and industrial applications, this work covers applied physics. Each article contains: contents, glossary of unfamiliar terms, reference list, guide to further reading, cross-references and uniform terms, abbreviations, symbols and units.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
An annual update to the "Encyclopedia of Applied Physics", this volume presents some new keywords as well as updates to existing ones.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Intended for physicists, computer scientists, engineers, research institutes and universities, this cumulative index complements all 23 volumes of the "Encyclopedia of Applied Physics", a reference work which examines the field of physics through its technical and industrial applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The 23-volume Encyclopedia of Applied Physics - EAP - is a monumental first in scope, depth, and usability. It demonstrates the synergy between physics and technological applications. Information is presented according to the following subject areas: General Aspects; Mathematical and Information Techniques Measurement Sciences, General Devices and/or Methods Nuclear and Elementary Particle Physics Atomic and Molecular Physics Electricity and Magnetism Optics (classical and quantum) Acoustics Thermodynamics and Properties of Gases Fluids and Plasma Physics Condensed Matter: Structure and Mechanical Properties; Thermal, Acoustic, and Quantum Properties; Electronic Properties; Magnetic Properties; Dielectrical and Optical Properties; Surfaces and Interfaces Materials Science Physical Chemistry Energy Research and Environmental Physics Biophysics and Medical Physics Geophysics, Meteorology, Space Physics and Aeronautics EAP consists of 20 hardcover volumes arranged alphabetically. A cumulative subject index will be published after every three volumes, with a full index accompanying the complete work.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

A keyword index for the user of the Landolt-Boernstein data collection. This collection is a systematic and comprehensive collection of critically assessed data from all fields of physics and related fields, such as physical chemistry, biophysics, geophysics, astronomy, material science and technology. It also includes a bibliography of the individual volumes of the 6th ed. and of the New Series and a list of contents for each volume.

All with an interest in physics and related technologies; those interested in the history of modern physics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)