• Introduction I. The task of literary history II. Sources and earlier accounts of the literary history of the Arabs III. Division of the history of Arabic literature First Book. The national literature of the Arabs First Section. From the beginnings until the appearance of Muhammad
• Chapter 1. The Arabic language
• Chapter 2. The beginnings of poetry
• Chapter 3. Forms of Arabic poetry
• Chapter 4. General characteristics of ancient Arabic poetry
• Chapter 5. The transmission of Arabic poetry
• Chapter 6. The sources for our knowledge of ancient Arabic poetry
• Chapter 7. The six poets
• Chapter 8. Other poets of pre-Islamic times
• Chapter 9. Jewish and Christian poets before Islam
• Chapter 10. The beginnings of Arabic prose Second Section. Muhammad and his time
• Chapter 1. Muhammad the Prophet
• Chapter 2. The Qur'an
• Chapter 3. Labid and al-A'sha
• Chapter 4. Hassan b. Thabit
• Chapter 5. Ka'b b. Zuhayr
• Chapter 6. Mutammin b. Nuwayra
• Chapter 7. Al-Khansa'
• Chapter 8. Abu Mihjan and al-Hutay'a
• Chapter 9. Minor poets
• Chapter 10. Two forgeries Third Section. The period of the Umayyads
• Chapter 1. General characteristics
• Chapter 2. 'Umar b. Abi Rabi'a
• Chapter 3. Other poets in Arabia
• Chapter 4. Al-Akhtal
• Chapter 5. Al-Farazdaq
• Chapter 6. Jarir
• Chapter 7. Dhu l-Rumma
• Chapter 8. The rajaz poets
• Chapter 9. Minor poets
• Chapter 10. Prose writing at the time of the Umayyads Second Book. Islamic literature in the Arabic language First section. The Classical period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000
• Chapter 1. Introduction
• Chapter 2. Poetry A. The poets of Baghdad B. Poets of Iraq and the Jazira C. Poets from Arabia and Syria D. The circle of Sayf al-Dawla E. Egyptian and North African poets
• Chapter 3. Rhymed prose
• Chapter 4. Philology I. The School of Basra II. The School of Kufa III. The School of Baghdad IV. Linguistics in Persia and the East V. Linguistics in Egypt and Spain
• Chapter 4. Historiography
• 1. The life of Muhammad
• 2. Urban history
• 3. The history of the pre-Islamic Arabs
• 4. Imperial and world history
• 5. Cultural and literary history
• 6. The history of Egypt and North Africa
• 7. The history of Spain
• Chapter 5. Belles lettres in prose
• Chapter 6. Hadith
• Chapter 7. Fiqh
• 1. The Hanafis
• 2. The Malikis
• 3. The Shafi'is
• 4. The lesser schools
• 5. The Shi'a
• 1. The Zaydis
• 2. The Imamis
• Chapter 8. Sciences of the Qur'an
• 1. The reading of the Qur'an
• 2. Qur'anic exegesis
• Chapter 9. Dogmatics
• Chapter 10. Mysticism
• Chapter 11. The translators
• Chapter 12. Philosophy
• Chapter 13. Mathematics
• Chapter 14. Astronomy and astrology
• Chapter 15. Geography
• Chapter 16. Medicine
• Chapter 17. Natural and occult sciences
• Chapter 18. Encyclopaedias Second Section. The post-Classical period of Islamic literature from ca. 400/1000 until ca. 656/1258
• Chapter 1. Poetry A. Poets of Baghdad, Iraq, and the Jazira B. Persian poets C. Syrian poets D. Arabian poets E. Egyptian poets F. North African and Sicilian poets G. Spanish poets
• Chapter 2. Rhymed prose and stylistics
• Chapter 3. Philology
• 1. Philology in Iraq
• 2. Philology in Persia and neighbouring countries
• 3. Philology in Syria
• 4. Philology in South Arabia
• 5. Philology in Egypt
• 6. Philology in North Africa and Sicily
• 7. Philology in Spain
• Chapter 4. Historiography
• 1. Individual biographies
• 2. Histories of dynasties
• 3. Histories of individuals and genealogies
• 4. Local history A. Baghdad B. Damascus C. Jerusalem D. Aleppo E. Dunaysir F. South Arabia G. Jurjan H. Egypt I. The Maghrib J. Spain
• 5. Histories of the caliphs and world history
• 6. Histories of prophets
• Chapter 5. Belles lettres in prose
• Chapter 6. Hadith
• 1. Iraq, the Jazira, Syria, and Arabia
• 2. Persia
• 3. Egypt and North Africa
• 4. Spain
• Chapter 7. Fiqh
• 1. The Hanafis
• 2. The Malikis
• 3. The Shafi'is
• 4. The Hanbalis
• 5. The Zahiris and Almohads
• 6. The Shi'a A. The Zaydis B. The Imamis
• Chapter 8. The sciences of the Qur'an
• 1. The art of reading the Qur'an
• 2. Qur'anic exegesis
• Chapter 9. Dogmatics
• Chapter 10. Mysticism
• Chapter 11. Philosophy and politics
• Chapter 12. Mathematics
• Chapter 13. Astronomy
• Chapter 14. Geography and travelogues
• Chapter 15. Medicine
• Chapter 16. A. Natural sciences and technology B. Games, sports, and war C. Music
• Chapter 17. Occult sciences
• Chapter 18. Encyclopaedias and polyhistors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Note to the Reader Transcription Third Book: The Decline of Islamic Literature First Section From Mongol Rule Until the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selim I in the Year 1517 Introduction
• Chapter 1. Egypt and Syria
• Chapter 2. Iraq and al-Jazira
• Chapter 3. North Arabia
• Chapter 4. South Arabia
• Chapter 5. Iran and Turan
• Chapter 6. India
• Chapter 7. The Turks of Rum and the Ottomans
• Chapter 8. North Africa
• Chapter 9. Spain Second Section From the Conquest of Egypt by Sultan Selim I in 1517 to the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt in 1798
• Chapter 1. Egypt and Syria
• Chapter 2. Al-Jazira, Iraq, and Bahrain
• Chapter 3. North Arabia
• Chapter 4. South Arabia
• Chapter 5. Oman, East Africa, and Abyssinia
• Chapter 6. Iran and Turan
• Chapter 7. India
• Chapter 8. The Malay Archipelago
• Chapter 9. Rumelia and Anatolia
• Chapter 10. The Maghreb
• Chapter 11. The Sudan Third Section From the Napoleonic Expedition to Egypt Until the British Occupation
• Chapter 1. Egypt
• Chapter 2. Syria
• Chapter 3. Mesopotamia and Iraq
• Chapter 4. North Arabia
• Chapter 5. South Arabia
• Chapter 6. Oman
• Chapter 7. Persia
• Chapter 8. Afghanistan
• Chapter 9. India
• Chapter 10. Ceylon, Farther India, and the Malay Archipelago
• Chapter 11. Istanbul
• Chapter 12. Russia
• Chapter 13. The Maghreb
• Chapter 14. The Sudan Appendix. A Selective Listing of Authors of Unknown Place and Date, in Alphabetical Order
• 1 Poetry
• 2 Rhymed Prose and Popular Literature
• 3 Philology
• 4 Historiography
• 5 Hadith
• 6 Fiqh
• 7 Sciences of the Qur'an
• 8 Dogmatics and Polemics
• 9 Mysticism and Edifying Works
• 10 Philosophy and Politics
• 11 Mathematics and Astronomy
• 12 Geography and Cosmography
• 13 Medicine
• 14 Eroticism
• 15 Natural Sciences and Technology
• 16 Alchemy
• 17 Music
• 18 Sports
• 19 Occult Sciences
• 20 Encyclopaedias.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Note to the Reader Transcription Introduction I The Task of Literary History II Sources and Earlier Accounts of the Literary History of the Arabs III Division of the History of Arabic Literature First Book: The National Literature of the Arabs First Section From the Beginnings until the Appearance of Muhammad
• Chapter 1. The Arabic Language
• Chapter 2. The Beginnings of Poetry
• Chapter 3. The Forms of Arabic Poetry
• Chapter 4. The Nature of Ancient Arabic Poetry
• Chapter 5. The Transmission of Arabic Poetry
• Chapter 6. Sources for our Knowledge of Ancient Arabic Poetry
• Chapter 7. The Six Poets
• Chapter 8. Other Poets of Pre-Islamic Times
• Chapter 9. Jewish and Christian Poets before Islam
• Chapter 10. The Beginnings of Arabic Prose Second Section Muhammad and His Time
• Chapter 1. Muhammad the Prophet
• Chapter 2. The Qur'an
• Chapter 3. Labid and al-A'sha
• Chapter 4. Hassan b. Thabit
• Chapter 5. Ka'b b. Zuhayr
• Chapter 6. Mutammim b. Nuwayra
• Chapter 7. Al-Khansa'
• Chapter 8. Abu Mihjan and al-Khutay'a
• Chapter 9. Minor Poets
• Chapter 10. Pseudo-'Alid Literature Third Section The Period of the Umayyads
• Chapter 2. 'Umar b. Abi Rabi'a
• Chapter 3. Other Poets in Arabia
• Chapter 4. Al-Akhtal
• Chapter 5. Al-Farazdaq
• Chapter 6. Jarir
• Chapter 7. Dhu l-Rumma
• Chapter 9. Minor Poets
• Chapter 10. Prose Writing at the Time of the Umayyads Second Book: Islamic Literature in the Arabic Language First Section The Classical Period from ca. 750 until ca. 1000
• Chapter 2. Poetry Chapter 2a. Rhymed Prose
• Chapter 3. Philology
• Chapter 4. Historiography
• Chapter 5. Popular Literature in Prose and Works for General Education
• Chapter 6. Hadith
• Chapter 7. Fiqh
• Chapter 8. Qur'anic Sciences
• Chapter 9. Dogmatics
• Chapter 10. Mysticism
• Chapter 12. Philosophy
• Chapter 13. Mathematics
• Chapter 14. Astronomy and Astrology
• Chapter 15. Geography
• Chapter 16. Medicine
• Chapter 17. Natural and Occult Sciences, Varia
• Chapter 18. Encyclopaedias Second Section The post-Classical Period of Islamic Literature, from ca. 400/1000 until ca. 656/1258 Introduction
• Chapter 1. Poetry
• Chapter 2. Rhymed Prose and Stylistics
• Chapter 3. Philology
• Chapter 4. Historiography
• Chapter 5. Belles lettres in Prose
• Chapter 6. Hadith
• Chapter 7. Fiqh
• Chapter 8. Qur'anic sciences
• Chapter 9. Dogmatics
• Chapter 10 Mysticism
• Chapter 11. Philosophy and Politics
• Chapter 12. Mathematics
• Chapter 13. Astronomy
• Chapter 14. Travelogues and Geographies
• Chapter 15. Medicine
• Chapter 16. Natural Sciences and Technology
• Chapter 16. Appendix
• Chapter 17. Occult Sciences
• Chapter 18. Encyclopedias and Polyhistors Addenda & Corrigenda.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The present English translation reproduces the original German of Carl Brockelmann's Geschichte der Arabischen Litteratur (GAL) as accurately as possible. In the interest of user-friendliness the following emendations have been made in the translation: Personal names are written out in full, except b. for ibn; Brockelmann's transliteration of Arabic has been adapted to comply with modern standards for English-language publications; modern English equivalents are given for place names, e.g. Damascus, Cairo, Jerusalem, etc.; several erroneous dates have been corrected, and the page references to the two German editions have been retained in the margin, except in the Supplement volumes, where new references to the first two English volumes have been inserted.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Endorsed by academics worldwide, the Oxford Arabic Dictionary is the most authoritative English-Arabic / Arabic-English dictionary ever published. Based on real modern evidence and computational analysis of hundreds of millions of words of both English and Modern Standard Arabic (the standardized variety of Arabic used in writing and in most formal speech), the dictionary boasts more than 130,000 words and phrases and 200,000 translations. This up-to-date resource has been designed for both Arabic and English native speakers and includes the latest vocabulary from computing, business, the media, and the arts, across both languages. The organization and layout have been designed for maximum clarity and ease of use. The most commonly used sense of each word is shown first, helping you to identify and understand the correct meaning, and more than 70,000 real-life example phrases help you interpret meaning and usage accurately. All Arabic text is shown with vowels to aid the learner of Arabic in pronunciation and comprehension and the Arabic-English section of the dictionary is usefully organised by root, which are listed alphabetically. The dictionary is also packed with extra features including tables of Arabic verbs, Arabic numbers, dates, and years, and irregular English verbs. Produced using the unique dictionary resources of Oxford University Press with an international team of expert advisors, the Oxford Arabic Dictionary is a ground-breaking work, essential for any serious student of Arabic and English, as well as academics, professionals, business people, teachers, and translators.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)