• Preface
• Abbreviations
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Introduction
• Preliminaries
• The Old Frisian Runic Corpus Edition
• Runology and Runological Practice : From Autopsy to Interpretation
• What is Runology?
• Runological Methodology and Uncertainty Factors
• Transliteration Principles Applied in this Edition
• Compiling a Corpus of Frisian Runic Inscriptions : Research Overview
• Beginnings of a Frisian Runic Corpus
• The Previous Main Editions of the Frisian Runic Corpus
• Individual Articles, Short Checklists and Analyses of the Frisian Runic Corpus
• Problems and Methodological Approach to this Edition
• Methodological Problems
• Find Situation-Dependent, Material-Inherent Problems
• Step-by-Step Approach and Structure of this Edition
• Germanic Language Models and Periodization
• Some Terminological Definitions : Dialect, Language and Culture
• From the North-West Germanic Continuum to the West-Germanic Individual Languages
• Old-English and Old-Frisian against the Backdrop of the Germanic Languages
• The 'Anglo-Frisian' Model
• The 'Ingvaeonic' or North Sea Germanic Model
• The Convergence Model
• North-Sea Germanic Sound Changes and Runic Innovations
• From the Common Germanic fupark to the Old-English fufrorc
• Phase I in Detail : North Sea Germanic Innovations
• Linguistic Chronology and Periodization of Old English and Old Frisian
• Old English Periodization
• Old Frisian Periodization
• Historical and Archaeological Framework
• Archaeological Chronology and Periodization of the Merovingian Period
• Historical Sources on the Early Frisians
• Etymology of the Ethnonym
• History I : Frisians in the Early Classical Sources (lst-4th century)
• History II : Frisians in Late Classical Sources (5th-7th centuries)
• Archaeological Survey : Frisia from the 4th to the 10th Century
• Area of Interest and Preservation Conditions
• Iron Age Origins
• Roman Period
• Migration Period and Beyond : Continuity or Discontinuity?
• From AD 700 to AD 1100 : Frisia and North Sea Connections
• Linguistic Analyses
• Phonological Discussion of the OFRC
• Representation of Vowels in Stressed Syllables
• Evidence for CGmc and North-Sea Gmc Compensatory Lengthening (No. 73, 53), Rounding of WGmc *a (No. 55), Nasalization of WGmc *ā (No. 53)
• Evidence for the split of WGmc *ā (No. 52, 54), Gmc *ai (No. 58) and Gmc *au (No. 78)
• Comparison of Stressed Vowels in the OFRC to Evidence from Early Runic and the OERC
• Representation of Vowels in Unstressed Syllables in the OFRC
• Rune no. 2 ... in Final, Unstressed Position
• Rune no. 2 ... in Medial, Unstressed Position
• Rune no. 2 ... as Parasite Vowel
• Rune no. 25 ... in Final, Unstressed Position
• Rune no. 26 ... in Final, Unstressed Position
• Rune no. 24 ... in Medial, Unstressed Position
• Comparison of Unaccented Vowels in the OFRC to Evidence from Early Runic and the OERC
• Graphemic Discussion of the OFRC
• Theoretical Preliminaries and Reconstruction of the Frisian fuporc Rows
• Graphemic Analysis of Selected Forms
• Types and Sub-Types of Runes no. 4 F ōs and no. 25 F āc
• Types and Sub-Types of No. 6 ... ċēn and No. 9 N hægel
• Other Variants in the OERC and OFRC : Rune no. 12, Gmc *jāra, OE gē(a)r
• Manuscript Evidence for the 'Ominous' Runes on Westeremden B :...
• Pragmatic Discussion of the OFRC
• Previous Approaches to the Pragmatic Interpretation of Runic Inscriptions
• Theoretical Preliminaries : Structural Consequences and Communicative Context of Written Communication
• Inscription-Types, Formulae and Communicative Intentions
• The OFRC Edition
• Kantens Comb Case
• AMAY Bone Comb
• Ferwerd Comb Case
• Hoogebeintum Comb
• Toornwerd Comb
• Oostum Bone Comb
• Coins and Bracteates
• Wurt Hitzum-A Bracteate
• Skanomodu Solidus Pendant
• Schweindorf Solidus Pendant
• Harungen Solidus
• Folkestone Tremissis : Glasgow Tremissis
• Midlum Sceat
• Metal Objects
• Bergakker Scabbard Mount
• Wijnaldum Gold Pendant
• Borgharen Belt Buckle
• Yew Objects
• Arum Yew Sword
• Britsum Yew-Stick
• Westeremden A
• Westeremden B
• Bone Objects
• Bernsterburen Tau Staff : Rasquert Sword-Handle Hamwic Bone
• Hantum Bone Plate
• Wijnaldum A Bone
• A Frisian or North-Sea Corpus?
• Summary
• Results
• Bibliography
• Dictionaries and Grammars
• Corpora, Editions and Databases
• References
• Register

The scattered research history of the Old Frisian runic inscriptions dating to the early Medieval period (ca. AD 400-1000) calls for a comprehensive and systematic reprocessing of these objects within their socio-cultural context and against the backdrop of the Old English Runic tradition. This book presents an annotated edition of 24 inscriptions found in the modern-day Netherlands, England and Germany. It provides the reader with an introduction to runological methodology, a linguistic commentary on the features attested in the inscriptions, and a detailed catalogue which outlines the find history of each object and summarizes previous and new interpretations supplemented by pictures and drawings. This book additionally explores the question of Frisian identity and an independent Frisian runic writing tradition and its relation to the contemporary Anglo-Saxon runic culture. In its entirety, this work provides a rich basis for future research in the field of runic writing around the North Sea and may therefore be of interest to scholars of historical linguistics and early Medieval history and archaeology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

"This thesis is a collection of four studies on pronominal anaphora resolution with a focus on first language (L1) attrition and prosody. In Study I, we explored the temporariness of attrition effects on anaphora resolution in L1 Italian speakers who moved to Sweden after puberty (i.e., late bilinguals). An experimental group of 20 late Italian-Swedish bilinguals and a control group of 21 Italian monolinguals completed a self-paced interpretation task twice, and we measured response preferences and response times. In Study II, we investigated how L1 Italian and L1 Swedish speakers use pause features and prominence cues to resolve globally ambiguous anaphora sentences, and whether their patterns in the use of prosody mirror the divergent coreference patterns in the two languages. 28 L1 Italian speakers and 28 L1 Swedish speakers completed a speech production task, in which we analyzed the inter-clausal pause length and the pronoun's degree of prosodic prominence, and a control interpretation task, in which we considered response preferences. Study III represents a continuation of Study II, since we examined a group of 18 late Italian-Swedish bilinguals, who completed the same experimental tasks of Study II. Study IV is a theoretical investigation, in which we discussed previous inconsistent findings on anaphora resolution in light of the interplay between hierarchical structure and linear order of a sentence. The results of the four studies suggest, first, that anaphora resolution may also affect null pronouns, and that task-learning effects should be taken into account for further research on L1 re-immersion. Second, they suggest that inter-clausal pause and prosodic prominence of pronouns are likely to break the canonical coreference pattern, both in a null subject language and in a non-null subject language. Third, the findings also reveal that L1 attrition affects prominence patterns and pause features in pronoun resolution. In particular, the longer the residence in the foreign language (FL) environment, the higher the probability that late bilinguals adapt to the FL patterns when they use prosody to resolve anaphora sentences. Fourth, both monolinguals and bilinguals are sensitive to the interplay between hierarchical structure and linear order of anaphora. However, they employ different strategies to interpret an anaphora sentence, in which hierarchical structure and linear order favor different antecedents. The implications of the findings are discussed in light of the role of processing and cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in L1 attrition, as well as in light of the use of prosodic cues to resolve an anaphoric reference, both in relation to the Null Subject Parameter and in relation to L1 attrition.."--Abstract