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• Introduction
• Egypt
• Tunisia
• Libya
• Yemen
• Reckoning with transitional justice
• Conclusion.

The dramatic uprisings that ousted the long-standing leaders of several countries in the Arab region set in motion an unprecedented period of social, political and legal transformation. The prosecution of political leaders took centre stage in the pursuit of transitional justice following the `Arab Spring'. Through a comparative case study of Egypt, Libya, Tunisia and Yemen, this book argues that transitional justice in the Arab region presents the strongest challenge yet to the transitional justice paradigm. This paradigm is built on the underlying assumption that transitions constitute a shift from non-liberal to liberal democratic regimes, where often legal measures are taken to address atrocities committed during the prior regime. The book is guided by two principal questions: first, what trigger and driving factors led to the decision of whether or not to prosecute former political leaders? And second, what shaping factors affected the content and extent of decisions regarding prosecution? In answering these questions, the book enhances our understanding of how transitional justice is pursued by different actors in varied contexts. In doing so, it challenges the predominant understanding that transitional justice uniformly occurs in liberalising contexts and calls for a re-thinking of transitional justice theory and practice. Using original findings generated from almost 50 interviews across 4 countries, this research builds on the growing critical literature that claims that transitional justice is an under-theorised field and needs to be developed to take into account non-liberal and complex transitions. It will be stimulating and thought-provoking reading for all those interested in transitional justice and the `Arab Spring'. 'Beginning with the striking image of former Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak in the docks in 2011, Aboueldahab analyzes the role of transitional justice processes in relation to the political developments of the Arab Spring. She makes a compelling case for a fundamental rethinking of those approaches to fighting impunity that have become mainstreamed in the international human rights community; this book also challenges assumptions and theories regarding the notion of `liberalizing' political transitions. Drawing from four country contexts (Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and Yemen) this book demonstrates that human rights goals were undermined because the international community and key national actors ignored the socio-legal histories that shaped the paths and horizons of political change. This book is an important contribution to the study of international criminal law, transitional justice, and the broader field of political transition.' Vasuki Nesiah, Associate Professor of Practice, New York University `This very timely and perceptive study provides rigorous empirical evaluation of the post-transition prosecution strategies in the Arab region. It demonstrates both the complexity of and contrasts between the cases, but also highlights their divergence from the transitional justice field as it is generally understood. By exploring the broader political shifts and the local political dynamics of prosecutions, Noha Aboueldahab challenges common misconceptions about whose interests prosecutions serve in these contexts. In doing so, she questions the assumptions of transitional justice more broadly.' Hugo van der Merwe, Director of Research, The Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation and Editor-in-Chief of the International Journal of Transitional Justice 'In this book Aboueldahab presents an in depth empirical analysis of the dynamics of transitional justice in the Arab spring. In so doing she highlights not only the practical difficulties faced but provides an insightful commentary on some of the core tensions of transitional justice itself. The book will be an invaluable resource for those seeking to understand the successes and failures of transitional justice and its application to non-liberal transitions.' Dr Catherine Turner, Assistant Professor, Durham Law School.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1. INTRODUCTION Types of System Regulating Access to Land The Israeli Land System The Palestinian Citizens of Israel: Some General Background Objectives, Methodology and Structure
• PART 2 ISRAELI REGULATION OF PALESTINIAN ACCESS TO LAND
• 1. Dispossession Purchase, Seizure and Expropriation of Palestinian Land The Israeli Land Law and Changes to the System of Land Tenure Summary of Palestinian Land Losses Conclusions
• 2. The Concept of 'Israeli Lands' The concept of Public Land under Ottoman and British Rule The Zionist Concept of National Land The Israeli Reorganisation of the Land Regime The Roles of the Jewish National Fund and Jewish Agency were Continued and Enhanced The Post 1948 Debate in Israel on Nationalisation of Lands Inherent Inequality of the Israeli Land System Conclusions
• 3. Administration of Israel Lands: Policy towards the Arab Sector The Israel Lands Council and Israel Lands Authority Rural Settlement and the Role of the Jewish Agency Conclusions
• 4. Why a Rights Based Approach? Access to Land in International Context International Human Rights Standards and Access to Land Group Rights: The Usefulness of the Notions of Minority Rights and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples The Status and Implementation of International Human Rights Norms in Israeli Law Conclusions
• 5. Conclusion Appendixes
• 1. Criteria announced by the Minister of Housing under the Housing Loans Law 1992, regarding those entitled to Housing Loans and Grants.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The struggle for land has been a key element of the conflict between Jews and Arabs in Palestine for the past hundred years. While international attention focuses on Israeli settlements in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, legally outside Israel's boundaries, there is another dimension to the land question altogether. Nearly one fifth of Israel's population is Palestinian. This work examines how Israeli land policy today inhibits access to land for its own Arab citizens even within the 1948 boundaries of the state of Israel. The authors - one a Palestinian lawyer and Israeli citizen, the other a British international human rights lawyer who worked in Israel for many years - examine the system of land ownership, the acquisition and administration of public land, and the control of land use through planning and housing regulations. The book shows how the law is used to discriminate against non-Jewish citizens and restrict Israeli Palestinians' access to land. It demonstrates that Israeli land policies breach international human rights standards and that these standards could be used as a basis to challenge discriminatory policies.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations Notes on the Contributors Part I: International Water Law: Overview
• Chapter 1: A Survey of Challenges and Trends in the Context of International Water Law Rudiger Wolfrum / Adele J. Kirschner
• Chapter 2: International Groundwater Law in the Euphrates and Tigris Region Kerstin Mechlem
• Chapter 3: Governing International Watercourses: Implications of the Human Right to Water Pierre Thielboerger Part II: The Use of Waters of the Euphrates and Tigris
• Chapter 4: Transboundary Water Relations in the Euphrates and Tigris Region Aysegul Kibaroglu
• Chapter 5: Sharing and Protecting the Euphrates and Tigris: Legal Status Quo Adele J. Kirschner / Katrin Tiroch
• Chapter 6: Advantages of Marketable Water Rights in the Euphrates and Tigris Basin Evin Wick
• Chapter 7: Dams on Euphrates and Tigris: Impact and Regulation Through International Law Nicolas Bremer
• Chapter 8: Hydrology Dr. Johannes Cullmann Part III: Comparative Analysis of National Water Laws in the Euphrates and Tigris Region and European Union Water Law
• Chapter 9: Water Law in Iraq: The Present Model for Water Resources Protection Yadgar Kamal Ahmmad Chapter
• Chapter 10: Water Management Laws in the Syrian Arab Republic Rana Kharouf-Gaudig
• Chapter 11: Legal Context in Water Management Policy in Turkey: Evolution of a Complex Framework in Three Stages Vakur Sumer
• Chapter 12: EU Water Law and its Relevance for the Euphrates and Tigris Region Ulrich Beyerlin Part IV: International Experience from other Regions of the World: Comparative Perspectives
• Chapter 13: Procedural System of Transboundary Water Cooperation in the Aral Sea Basin Dinara Ziganshina
• Chapter 14: The Jordan River: Legal and Institutional Aspects Marwan Haddad
• Chapter 15: The Amazon River Basin: Features, History and Legal Framework Lilian Del Castillo-Laborde
• Chapter 16: International Cooperation to Protect the Rhine River: Lessons to be Learnt for the Euphrates and Tigris Region? Katrin Tiroch
• Chapter 17: Sovereignty Revisited - Examining the Rules of International Law that Govern Transboundary Water Resources with a Focus on Upstream/Downstream State Practice - Possible Lessons Learned for the Euphrates-Tigris Patricia Wouters Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Water Law and Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach builds on the increased attention for international water governance questions in the UN International Year of Water Cooperation (2013) to evaluate various management issues related to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, with particular attention to the legal governing framework. Alongside contributions by legal scholars from the respective riparian countries on the national water law, the book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on political, hydrological and environmental aspects of water management in the region. Additionally, the overall legal implications of water sharing and water resource management are addressed analyzed, in a critical overview. Finally, Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach serves as a comprehensive analysis of modern water law in its inclusion of comparative studies of legal and institutional aspects of water management systems in other international river basins. Legal scholars, political scientists, specialists in conflict resolution, economists and policy-makers will find an essential new work in Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A survey of challenges and trends in the context of international water law / Rüdiger Wolfrum and Adele J. Kirschner
• International groundwater law in the Euphrates and Tigris region / Kerstin Mechlem
• Governing international watercourses : implications of the human right to water / Pierre Thielborger
• Transboundary water relations in the Euphrates and Tigris region / Aysegül Kibaroglu
• Sharing and protecting the Euphrates and Tigris : legal status quo / Adele J. Kirschner and Katrin Tiroch
• Advantages of marketable water rights in the Tigris and Euphrates basin / Evin Wick
• Dams on Euphrates and Tigris : impact and regulation through international law / Nicolas Bremer
• Hydrology / Johannes Cullmann
• Water law in Iraq : the present model for water resources protection / Yadgar Kamal Ahmmad
• Water management laws in the Syrian Arab Republic / Rana Kharouf-Gaudig
• Legal context in water management policy in Turkey : evolution of a complex framework in three stages / Vakur Sümer
• EU water law and its relevance for the Euphrates and Tigris region / Ulrich Beyerlin
• Procedural system of transboundary water cooperation in the Aral Sea basin / Dinara Ziganshina
• The Jordan River : legal and institutional aspects / Marwan Haddad
• The Amazon River Basin : features, history and legal framework / Lilian del Castillo-Laborde
• International cooperation to protect the Rhine River : lessons to be learned for the Euphrates and Tigris region? / Katrin Tiroch
• Sovereignty revisited : examining the rules of international law that govern transboundary water resources with a focus on upstream-downstream state practice, possible lessons learned for the Euphrates-Tigris / Patricia Wouters.

Water Law and Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach builds on the increased attention for international water governance questions in the UN International Year of Water Cooperation (2013) to evaluate various management issues related to the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, with particular attention to the legal governing framework. Alongside contributions by legal scholars from the respective riparian countries on the national water law, the book offers a unique interdisciplinary perspective on political, hydrological and environmental aspects of water management in the region. Additionally, the overall legal implications of water sharing and water resource management are addressed analyzed, in a critical overview. Finally, Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach serves as a comprehensive analysis of modern water law in its inclusion of comparative studies of legal and institutional aspects of water management systems in other international river basins. Legal scholars, political scientists, specialists in conflict resolution, economists and policy-makers will find an essential new work in Water Law in the Euphrates-Tigris Region: A Comparative and Interdisciplinary Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Moslem arbitration law-- Algeria-- Bahrain-- Egypt-- Iraq-- Jordan-- Kuwait-- Lebanon-- Libya-- Morocco-- Oman-- Qatar-- Saudi Arabia-- Sudan-- Syria-- Tunisia-- UAE-- Yemen-- Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration (1987)-- the Riyadh Arab Convention on Judicial Co-operation.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Introducing and explaining the concepts of arbitration in Moslem law, this volume provides detailed commentary on the law and practice of arbitration throughout the Arab world, and also sets out the law as it is seen in each relevant Arab state. Practitioners are thus able to look up the arbitration systems and practice of Arab countries, whilst understanding the deeper influences of Moslem law on this subject. In addition the book covers several pan-Arabic conventions on Arab or international arbitration.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Islamic law and arbitration
• Arbitration in Algeria
• Arbitration in Egypt
• Arbitration in Iraq
• Arbitration in the Hashemite kingdom of Jordan
• Arbitration in Kuwait
• Arbitration in Lebanon
• Arbitration in Libya
• Arbitration in Morocco
• Arbitration in Oman
• Arbitration in Qatar
• Arbitration in Saudi Arabia
• Arbitration in Sudan
• Arbitration in Syria
• Arbitration in Tunisia
• Arbitration in the United Arab Emirates
• Arbitration in Yemen
• The Amman Arab Convention on Commercial Arbitration (1987)
• The Riyadh Arab Convention on Judicial Cooperation.

• Theoretical framework
• Definition of citizenship
• The methodology
• Citizenship in the Jordanian legislation and in women's practice
• Citizenship in the Bahraini legislation and in women's practice in a comparative perspective
• Appendix A: Pilot research in Jordan
• Appendix B: Jordan field research
• Appendix C: Bahrain Field Research Report 9-19/ 4/ 2010
• Appendix D: Interviews questions.

This study presents an account of the exercise of extraterritorial jurisdiction by Britain in the Arab Gulf States during the period before they gained full sovereignty and independence. This work provides a valuable analysis of the working of the British Court System in the Arab context. The material is based on the author's original research among the juridical records of the British Court for Bahrain and on interviews with judges and lawyers of the period. This publication is priced as a specialised academic monograph and is a relevant acquisition for law libraries and Middle East history collections.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to the question of Palestinian refugees and the second edition
• A historical overview of the Palestinian refugee question
• Palestinian refugees : a distinctive normative and institutional regime
• On the application of international law to Palestinian refugees
• Seventy years of exile : Palestinian refugees around the world
• The status of Palestinian refugees in the Middle East and North Africa : unpacking an unsettling solidarity
• Palestinian 'diaspora' in Europe, the Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Africa
• Focusing on specific rights
• Protection of Palestinian refugees
• The quest for durable solutions

The Palestinian refugee question, resulting from the events surrounding the birth of the state of Israel seventy years ago, remains one of the largest and most protracted refugee crises of the post-WWII era. Numbering over six million in the Middle East alone, Palestinian refugees' status varies considerably according to the state or territory 'hosting' them, the UN agency assisting them and political circumstances surrounding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict these refugees are naturally associated with. Despite being foundational to both the experience of the Palestinian refugees and the resolution of their plight, international law is often side-lined in political discussions concerning their fate. This compelling new book, building on the seminal contribution of the first edition (1998), offers a clear and comprehensive analysis of various areas of international law (including refugee law, human rights law, humanitarian law, the law relating to stateless persons, principles related to internally displaced persons, as well as notions of international criminal law), and probes their relevance to the provision of international protection for Palestinian refugees and their quest for durable solutions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book deals with two different pragmatic approaches to textual communication: (i) the mainstream approach followed by the 'Ash'ari s, Hanafi s and Mu'tazili s, (ii) the salafite approach followed mainly by the Hanbali s, defended and elaborated by Ibn Taymiyyah. One of the primary aims of the book is to explore and formulate several Muslim legal theorists' pragmatic theories, communicative principles and linguistic views, construct them in the form of models and set them within a general uniform framework. Another aim is to reveal a corpus of information and data which, though highly relevant to modern pragmatics, is still unknown. This study, which can be seen as an extensive introduction to 'medieval Islamic pragmatics', is the first attempt to examine the approaches followed by the Salafi s or the mainstream from a pragmatic viewpoint. There has been no attempt to explain the principles and the strategies utilised by the medieval Sunni Muslim legal theorists in their account of how communication works and how successful interpretation is achieved. Of course, a lot of work has been done on different Islamic sects and their different positions over the interpretati of the Quran and Sunnah, but these studies fall short of delving into the underlying communicative principles that motivate their differences over interpretation. The author's formulation of the Muslim legal theorists' views is enhanced by setting up a reliable theoretical foundation and by delving into their underlying philosophical principles. This involves relating the legal theorists' insights into interpretation and communication to their relevant ontological, epistemological and theological outlooks, and comparing these insights with their modern pragmatic counterparts.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book deals with two different pragmatic approaches to textual communication: (i) the mainstream approach followed by the 'Ash'ari s, Hanafi s and Mu'tazili s, (ii) the salafite approach followed mainly by the Hanbali s, defended and elaborated by Ibn Taymiyyah. One of the primary aims of the book is to explore and formulate several Muslim legal theorists' pragmatic theories, communicative principles and linguistic views, construct them in the form of models and set them within a general uniform framework. Another aim is to reveal a corpus of information and data which, though highly relevant to modern pragmatics, is still unknown. This study, which can be seen as an extensive introduction to 'medieval Islamic pragmatics', is the first attempt to examine the approaches followed by the Salafi s or the mainstream from a pragmatic viewpoint. There has been no attempt to explain the principles and the strategies utilised by the medieval Sunni Muslim legal theorists in their account of how communication works and how successful interpretation is achieved. Of course, a lot of work has been done on different Islamic sects and their different positions over the interpretati of the Quran and Sunnah, but these studies fall short of delving into the underlying communicative principles that motivate their differences over interpretation. The author's formulation of the Muslim legal theorists' views is enhanced by setting up a reliable theoretical foundation and by delving into their underlying philosophical principles. This involves relating the legal theorists' insights into interpretation and communication to their relevant ontological, epistemological and theological outlooks, and comparing these insights with their modern pragmatic counterparts.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: Methodology and structure
• Security markets and their benefits
• Arab securities markets
• Recent Arab interest in regulating its domestic securities markets
• Securities regulation, investor protection and disclosure when offering shares to the public
• Relevance of international regulatory standards to Arab securities markets
• Shari'a's juridical risks in the context of Arab securities regulation
• Securities disclosure under Shari'a : selected comparative aspects with the UK general law, particularly under the principle of caveat emptor
• The Jordanian regime for public offers before 1997
• The Jordanian regulatory regime for public offers and equiting listing after the 1997 regime
• Liability for fraudulent or negligent misstatements under the Jordanian general law : selected comparative aspects with the UK general law
• Regulatory liability for misleading or inaccurate disclosure : selected comparative aspects with the UK.

• Historical development of the Banking System in the Gulf Arab States-- developments of the legal systems of the Gulf Arab States-- documnentary letters of credit-- finance of international trade under the Islamic banking system-- legal relaitonships between the parties to the Murabaha-- finance of internaitnal trade in practice-- the problems which the Islamic banks face in investing funds in their respective countries-- fraud in international trade as it affects the Gulf Arab States-- countertrade-- Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This work examines the Islamic banking system in the Arabian Gulf area and its value in financing international trade there. The book evaluates and explains existing laws, relevant Shariah principles, Hadith and Fatawa, any deficiencies in these laws, and the current empirical practices of the Islamic banks and their customers. The author concludes thate, even though banking management and technological standards are lacking in certain respects, the Islamic banking system is the preferred system in the Gulf area. The book addresses the methods of financing and investing in international trade, and associated problems, under both the Islamic and conventioanl systems, and the challenges which fraud, countertrade and Electronic Funds Transfer are now presenting.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• On imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism
• Terrorism and counter-terrorism at the international level : a challenge in the postcolonial world
• Terrorism and counter-terrorism in the Arab world
• The colonial and neo-colonial experience in Egypt
• Counter-terrorism in Egypt
• The colonial and neo-colonial experience in Tunisia
• Counter-terrorism in Tunisia
• Conclusions.

The threat of personal harm and destruction from terrorist attacks is nowhere near as great as in Arab nations. However, are counter-terrorism laws in the Arab world formulated and enforced to protect or oppress? Colonialism, Neo-Colonialism, and Anti-Terrorism Law in the Arab World examines the relationship between Western influence and counter-terrorism law, focusing on the Arab world, which is, on the one hand, a hostile producer of terrorist organizations, and on the other, a leader in countering 'terrorism'. With case studies of Egypt and Tunisia, Alzubairi traces the colonial roots of the use of coercion and extra-legal measures to protect the ruling order, which are now justified in both the West and the Arab world in the name of counter-terrorism. Colonialism, Neo-Colonialism, and Anti-Terrorism Law in the Arab World provides important lessons for counter-terrorism, not just in these countries but also elsewhere in the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Producing, handling and archiving evidence in Mediterranean societies
• 'Men like the Franks' : dealing with diversity in Medieval norms and courts
• Ottoman legal attitudes towards diversity.

"Breaching the Bronze Wall deals with the idea that the word of honorable Muslims constituted proof and with the concept that written documents and the word of non-Muslims were inferior. Foreign merchants in cities like Istanbul, Damascus or Alexandria could barely prove any claim, as neither their contracts nor their words were of any value if countered by Muslims. Francisco Apellániz explores how both groups labored to overcome these 'biases against non-Muslims' in the courts and markets of Mamluk Egypt and Syria of the 14th and 15th centuries, and how the Ottoman conquest (1517) imposed a new, orthodox view on the problem. The book dives into the Middle Eastern archive and the Ottoman Dīvān, and scrutinizes the intricacies of sharia and the handling of these intracacies by consuls, dragomans, qaḍīs and other legal actors"-- Provided by publisher.

• al-Juzʼ 1. Imārāt al-ʻArabīyah al-Muttaḥidah - al-Kuwayt - al-Baḥrayn - ʻUmān.

• الجزء 1. امارات العربية المتحدة - الكويت - البحرين - عمان.

Professor Ballantyne urges anyone who wants to do business in the Arab countries to acquaint themselves, from the very first, with the facts of the legal position there, rather than rely on what others tell them to be the case on the basis of the way in which the law has, or has not, been enforced in the past. It is essential to conduct business on the basis of a water-tight contract, drawn in Arabic, which includes, where appropriate, clauses concerning arbitration and choice of law which do not conflict with any enactment in the local law which may exclude the efficacy of these clauses, and which takes advantage of any concessions or exemptions which may be available. Also, business people in Arab countries are urged to be extremely careful in choosing local representatives, companies or directors, and to ensure that the terms they lay down about the control that their shareholders exercise are observed. In this essential volume, which gathers together many of Professor Ballantyne's earlier writings along with essays on recent developments, the background for such an exercise of prudence is provided to the reader. The book is indispensable to businessmen comtemplating doing business in the Arab world, and to students of Arab commercial life. Professor Ballantyne is also the author of Commercial Law in the Arab Middle East and Legal Development in Arabia.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part one: the purposes of Arab constitutions
• Introduction: constitutions in a nonconstitutional world
• Early constitutional documents in the Middle East
• Constitutions and Arab monarchies
• Republican constitutions
• Conclusion to part one: the purposes of Arab constitutions
• Part two: constitutional possibilities in the Arab world
• Introduction: constitutions and constitutionalism
• Parliamentarism and constitutional possibilities in the Arab world
• Judicial review in Arab constitutional systems
• Islamic constitutionalism
• Conclusion: lessons from the Arab constitutional experience.

The collapse of authoritarian regimes and the global resurgence of liberal democracy has led to a renewed interest in constitutions and constitutionalism among scholars and political activists alike. This book uses the Arab experience to explain the appeal of constitutional documents to authoritarian regimes and assesses the degree to which such constitutions can be used in the effort to make the regimes more accountable.-- Provided by Publisher.

• Preface-- Glossary--
• 1. Arab courts in comparative perspective--
• 2. The creation and operation of the modern Egyptian legal system, 1876-1937--
• 3. Egyptian courts, 1937-1971: centralization, authoritarianism and socialism--
• 4. Egyptian courts, 1971-1996: the re-emergence of liberal legality--
• 5. Legal reform in the Arab states of the Gulf--
• 6. The legal system and the rule of law in Kuwait and Qatar--
• 7. Popular uses of the courts--
• 8. Business and the courts-- Conclusion-- Bibliography-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Nathan Brown's penetrating account of the development and operation of the courts in the Arab world is based on fieldwork in Egypt and the Gulf. The book addresses several important questions. Why, for example, did Egypt's political leaders construct an independent judicial system that limited their own authority? And why does such a system appeal to Arab rulers outside Egypt? While most accounts stress the role of imperialism or liberal ideology, the author maintains that the primary purpose of the system is to provide support for the officially sanctioned order. The model offers similar attractions for other Arab rulers. From the theoretical perspective, the book will contribute to the debates about liberal legality, political change and the relationship between law and society in the developing world. It will be read by scholars of the Middle East, law students and those interested in the history of law and its evolution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface-- Glossary--
• 1. Arab courts in comparative perspective--
• 2. The creation and operation of the modern Egyptian legal system, 1876-1937--
• 3. Egyptian courts, 1937-1971: centralization, authoritarianism and socialism--
• 4. Egyptian courts, 1971-1996: the re-emergence of liberal legality--
• 5. Legal reform in the Arab states of the Gulf--
• 6. The legal system and the rule of law in Kuwait and Qatar--
• 7. Popular uses of the courts--
• 8. Business and the courts-- Conclusion-- Bibliography-- Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Nathan Brown's penetrating account of the development and operation of the courts in the Arab world is based on fieldwork in Egypt and the Gulf. The book addresses several important questions. Why, for example, did Egypt's political leaders construct an independent judicial system that limited their own authority? And why does such a system appeal to Arab rulers outside Egypt? While most accounts stress the role of imperialism or liberal ideology, the author maintains that the primary purpose of the system is to provide support for the officially sanctioned order. The model offers similar attractions for other Arab rulers. From the theoretical perspective, the book will contribute to the debates about liberal legality, political change and the relationship between law and society in the developing world. It will be read by scholars of the Middle East, law students and those interested in the history of law and its evolution.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• The contemporary Middle East
• Minority identities in the Middle East : religious minorities
• Minority identities in the Middle East : ethno-national and other minorities
• Minority rights in Iraq
• Minority rights in Syria
• Minority rights in Lebanon
• Conclusion.

Within the Middle East there are a wide range of minority groups outside the mainstream religious and ethnic culture. This book provides a detailed examination of their rights as minorities within this region, and their changing status throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The rights of minorities in the Middle East are subject to a range of legal frameworks, having developed in part from Islamic law, and in recent years subject to international human rights law and institutional frameworks. The book examines the context in which minority rights operate within this conflicted region, investigating how minorities engage with (or are excluded from) various sites of power and how state practice in dealing with minorities (often ostensibly based on Islamic authority) intersects with and informs modern constitutionalism and international law. The book identifies who exactly can be classed as a minority group, analysing in detail the different religious and ethnic minorities across the region. The book also pays special attention to the plight of minorities who are spread between various states, often as the result of conflict. It assesses the applicable domestic legislative instruments within the three countries investigated as case studies: Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, and highlights key domestic remedies that could serve as models for ensuring greater social cohesion and greater inclusion of minorities in the political life of these countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• The contemporary Middle East
• Minority identities in the Middle East : religious minorities
• Minority identities in the Middle East : ethno-national and other minorities
• Minority rights in Iraq
• Minority rights in Syria
• Minority rights in Lebanon
• Conclusion.

Within the Middle East there are a wide range of minority groups outside the mainstream religious and ethnic culture. This book provides a detailed examination of their rights as minorities within this region, and their changing status throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. The rights of minorities in the Middle East are subject to a range of legal frameworks, having developed in part from Islamic law, and in recent years subject to international human rights law and institutional frameworks. The book examines the context in which minority rights operate within this conflicted region, investigating how minorities engage with (or are excluded from) various sites of power and how state practice in dealing with minorities (often ostensibly based on Islamic authority) intersects with and informs modern constitutionalism and international law. The book identifies who exactly can be classed as a minority group, analysing in detail the different religious and ethnic minorities across the region. The book also pays special attention to the plight of minorities who are spread between various states, often as the result of conflict. It assesses the applicable domestic legislative instruments within the three countries investigated as case studies: Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon, and highlights key domestic remedies that could serve as models for ensuring greater social cohesion and greater inclusion of minorities in the political life of these countries.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part One: The Classical Contractual Islamic System.
• 1. The Moral Order, Obstacle to Contractual Liberty.
• 2. The Moral Order as an Instrument for the Protection of the Autonomy of the Will. Part Two: The Moral Rule of Islamic Law in the Procedures of Legal Business Matters.
• 1. The Adoption by Present-Day Muslim Countries of Western-Style Legal Procedures.
• 2. The Divergence between the Demands of the Islamic Moral Order and Legal Procedures in Business: The Application of the Prohibition of Riba in Practice.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This text shows the influence of traditional Islamic law in modern legislation and, though not written from a strictly Islamic point of view, it shows how Islamic law endeavours to protect the interests of all parties to a contract. The work includes references to Islamic banking.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)