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• List of figures
• List of tables
• List of contributors
• Table of cases
• Introduction : A mosaic of resistance and accommodation / Sufyan Droubi and Cecilia Juliana Flores Elizondo
• Part I : The mosaic of states
• 1. Constructing the Calvo Doctrine : claims to universality and charges of particularism / Philip Burton
• 2. Calvo Doctrine and the South American mosaic : members, dissidents and an outsider / Magdalena Bas
• 3. Pluralist approaches to dispute settlement mechanisms / Henrique Choer Moraes and Facundo Pérez Aznar
• 4. The Brazilian Cooperation and Facilitation Investment Agreement as a model for Latin America / Leonardo V. P. de Oliveira and Marcus Spangenberger
• 5. Foreign investment and regullatory governance : a critical approach to investment facilitation debate / Luciana Ghiotto
• 6. Domestic courts in the mosaic of states : transformative constitutionalism and fair and equitable treatment / René Ureña and María Angélica Prada-Uribe
• Part II : The mosaic of non-state actors
• 7. Corporations and international investment law in Latin America / Claus von Wobeser
• 8. Sociedad Civil Transnacional y Derecho Internacional Comercial y de Inversiones / Adoración Guamán
• 9. Latin America, indigenous peoples and investments : resistance and accommodation / Sufyan Droubi, Cecilia Flores Elizondo and Raphael Heffron
• Part III : The mosaic of narratives
• 10. International investment and human rights in Latin America : a quest for balance / Rodrigo Polanco Lazo and Felipe Ferreira Catalán
• 11. ISDS and human rights : a Latin American dialectic / Farouk El-Hosseny, Patrick Devine and Ilan Brun-Vargas
• 12. Inversiones internacionales y el derecho humano al agua : análisis desde una nueva perspectiva interdisciplinaria / Javier Echaide
• 13. Investor's need to obtain social license : a sustainable development argument in investor-state dispute settlement / Sebastián Preller-Bórquez
• 14. International Investment Law in Latin America : universalizing resistance / Fabian Cardenas and Jean d'Aspremont
• Index

Latin America has been a complex laboratory for the development of international investment law. While some governments and non-state actors have remained true to the Latin American tradition of resistance towards the international investment law regime, other governments and actors have sought to accommodate said regime in the region. Consequently, a profusion of theories and doctrines, too often embedded in clashing narratives, has emerged. In Latin America, the practice of international investment law is the vivid amalgamation of the practice of governments sometimes resisting and sometimes welcoming mainstream approaches; the practice of lawyers assisting foreign investors from outside and within the region; and the practice of civil society, indigenous peoples and other actors in their struggle for human rights and sustainable development. Latin America and international investment law describes the complex roles that governments have played vis-a-vis foreign investors and investments; the refreshing but clashing forces that international organizations, corporations, civil society, and indigenous peoples have brought to the field; and the contribution that Latin America has made to the development of the theory and practice of international investment law, notably in fields in which the Latin American experience has been traumatic: human rights and sustainable development. Latin American scholars have been contributing to the theory of international investment law for over a century; resting on the shoulders of true giants, this volume aims at pushing this contribution a little further. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Working in New Political Spaces: The Checkered History of Latin American Judicialization Sandra Botero, Daniel Brinks, and Ezequiel Gonzalez Ocantos
• 2. Critical Disconnects: Progressive Jurisprudence and Tenacious Impunity in Mexico Janice Gallagher and Jorge Contesse
• 3. When Winning in the Courts is Not Enough: Abortion and the Limits of Legal Mobilization Without Grassroots Involvement in Peru Camila Gianella
• 4. Forms of Countermovement and Counter-Reform in Latin America: Judicial Backlash or Resources and Political and Legal Opportunities? Alba Ruibal
• 5. Backlash against State Strengthening Reforms: The Rise and Fall of the CICIG in Guatemala Rachel E. Bowen
• 6. Backlash against Corporate Accountability for Grave Human Rights Violations in Colombia Laura Bernal-Bermudez
• 7. Courting Judicial Legitimacy: An Experimental Study of the Colombian Constitutional Court Sofia Forero-Alba and Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Raga
• 8. Family Ties and Nepotism in the Mexican Federal Judiciary Julio Rios-Figueroa
• 9. Judicial Corruption: The Constitutional Court of Ecuador in Comparative Perspective Santiago Basabe-Serrano
• 10. Kickbacks, Crackdown, and Backlash: Legal Accountability in the Lava Jato Investigation Luciano Da Ros and Matthew M. Taylor
• 11. Turning Corruption Trials into Political Tools in the Name of Transparency: The Lava Jato Case Mariana Mota Prado and Marta Rodriguez Machado
• 12. Fighting Corruption, Dismantling Democracy: Antagonism, Communication, and the Political Use of Lava Jato in Brazil Joao Guilherme Bastos dos Santos and Esther Solano Gallego
• 13. Prosecutorial Agency, Backlash and Resistance in the Peruvian Chapter of Lava Jato Viviana Baraybar and Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Latin America was one of the earliest and most enthusiastic adopters of what has come to be known as the judicialization of politics - the use of law and legal institutions as tools of social contestation to curb the abuse of power in government, resolve policy disputes, and enforce and expand civil, political, and socio-economic rights. Almost forty years into this experiment, The Limits of Judicialization brings together a cross-disciplinary group of scholars to assess the role that law and courts play in Latin American politics. Featuring studies of hot-button topics including abortion, state violence, judicial corruption, and corruption prosecutions, this volume argues that the institutional and cultural changes that empowered courts, what the editors call the 'judicialization superstructure, ' often fall short of the promise of greater accountability and rights protection. Illustrative and expansive, this volume offers a truly interdisciplinary analysis of the limits of judicialized politics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Working in New Political Spaces: The Checkered History of Latin American Judicialization Sandra Botero, Daniel Brinks, and Ezequiel Gonzalez Ocantos
• 2. Critical Disconnects: Progressive Jurisprudence and Tenacious Impunity in Mexico Janice Gallagher and Jorge Contesse
• 3. When Winning in the Courts is Not Enough: Abortion and the Limits of Legal Mobilization Without Grassroots Involvement in Peru Camila Gianella
• 4. Forms of Countermovement and Counter-Reform in Latin America: Judicial Backlash or Resources and Political and Legal Opportunities? Alba Ruibal
• 5. Backlash against State Strengthening Reforms: The Rise and Fall of the CICIG in Guatemala Rachel E. Bowen
• 6. Backlash against Corporate Accountability for Grave Human Rights Violations in Colombia Laura Bernal-Bermudez
• 7. Courting Judicial Legitimacy: An Experimental Study of the Colombian Constitutional Court Sofia Forero-Alba and Juan Carlos Rodriguez-Raga
• 8. Family Ties and Nepotism in the Mexican Federal Judiciary Julio Rios-Figueroa
• 9. Judicial Corruption: The Constitutional Court of Ecuador in Comparative Perspective Santiago Basabe-Serrano
• 10. Kickbacks, Crackdown, and Backlash: Legal Accountability in the Lava Jato Investigation Luciano Da Ros and Matthew M. Taylor
• 11. Turning Corruption Trials into Political Tools in the Name of Transparency: The Lava Jato Case Mariana Mota Prado and Marta Rodriguez Machado
• 12. Fighting Corruption, Dismantling Democracy: Antagonism, Communication, and the Political Use of Lava Jato in Brazil Joao Guilherme Bastos dos Santos and Esther Solano Gallego
• 13. Prosecutorial Agency, Backlash and Resistance in the Peruvian Chapter of Lava Jato Viviana Baraybar and Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Latin America was one of the earliest and most enthusiastic adopters of what has come to be known as the judicialization of politics - the use of law and legal institutions as tools of social contestation to curb the abuse of power in government, resolve policy disputes, and enforce and expand civil, political, and socio-economic rights. Almost forty years into this experiment, The Limits of Judicialization brings together a cross-disciplinary group of scholars to assess the role that law and courts play in Latin American politics. Featuring studies of hot-button topics including abortion, state violence, judicial corruption, and corruption prosecutions, this volume argues that the institutional and cultural changes that empowered courts, what the editors call the 'judicialization superstructure, ' often fall short of the promise of greater accountability and rights protection. Illustrative and expansive, this volume offers a truly interdisciplinary analysis of the limits of judicialized politics.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The right to health in action : an introduction
• The elusive search for the minimum core of the right to health
• The political economy of the right to health : a terrain for contestation
• The judicialization of health care in the Global South
• Health system reform and the rise of litigiousness in Brazil and Colombia
• The HIV/AIDS pandemic and the plight of vulnerable patients : understanding the first wave of litigiousness in Brazil and Colombia (1990-2000)
• Riding a second wave (2000-2020) : the downstream approach and the rise of "high-cost patients"
• A case study of patients' organizations : between good causes and hidden clients
• Stopping a litigation epidemic : lessons from Colombia and Brazil's highest courts
• The promise of the right to health, and why we have to keep it : closing reflections

This forward-looking book provides an in-depth analysis of the major transformations of the right to health in Latin America over the past decades, marked by the turn towards the pharmaceuticalisation of health care. Everaldo Lamprea-Montealegre investigates how health-based litigation has deepened inequalities in the global South, exploring the practices of key actors that are reclaiming the right to health in the region. Taking a deep dive into the health care systems of Brazil and Colombia, Local Maladies, Global Remedies illustrates how transnational pharmaceutical companies are influencing the litigation of health rights, from moulding doctors' preferences for branded drugs to controlling the availability of cheaper generics and bio-similars. The book deploys a wide range of theoretical perspectives and insights from socio-legal literature to map out the practices of stakeholders that are reclaiming the right to health in Latin America. Its concluding remarks propose a set of remedies to help alleviate the challenges faced by global South countries when trying to guarantee their population's right to health, ultimately calling for a major shift of decision-making responsibilities from a local to a global level. The wide-ranging, interdisciplinary scope of this cutting-edge book will benefit scholars, practitioners, policymakers, and students operating at the intersections between socio-legal studies, sociology, health anthropology, public health, globalisation, and human rights.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Constitutions
• 1: Juan F. Gonzalez Bertomeu: Argentina
• 2: Joshua Braver: Bolivia
• 3: Virgilio Afonso da Silva and Thomaz Pereira: Brazil
• 4: Domingo Lovera Parmo: Chile
• 5: Antonio Barreto-Rozo: Colombia
• 6: Bruce M. Wilson and Olman Rodriguez Loaiza: Costa Rica
• 7: Julio Cesar Guanche: Cuba
• 8: Daniela Salazar: Ecuador
• 9: Francisca Pou Gimenez: Mexico
• 10: Daniel Mendonca y Juan Carlos Mendonca: Paraguay
• 11: Camila Gianella Malca and Ursula Baertl Espinoza: Peru
• 12: Gianella Bardazano: Uruguay
• 13: Ana Cristina Nunez M. and Rogelio Perez-Perdomo: Venezuela Part II Constitutional Controversies A. Comparing Constitutions in Latin America
• 14: Roberto Gargarella: Latin American Constitutional Traditions
• 15: Gabriel L. Negretto: Participatory Constitution-Making in Latin America: Consequences for Institutional Design
• 16: Julio Rios-Figueroa and Andrea Pozas-Loyo: Authoritarian Constitutionalism
• 17: Javier Couso: Latin American New Constitutionalism
• 18: Helena Alviar Garcia: Foreign Capital and Constitutions B. Institutions
• 19: Marcelo Alegre and Nahuel Maisley: Presidentialism and Hyper-Presidentialism
• 20: Fernando Limongi and Jose Cheibub: Elections
• 21: Matthew M.Taylor: Courts and Judicial Independence
• 22: Gretchen Helmke: Courts and Judicial Manipulation
• 23: Diana Kapiszewski and Katja Newman: Judicialization of Politics
• 24: Diana Rodriguez Franco and Cesar Rodriguez Garavito: Strategic Litigation and Social Change
• 25: Luciana Gross Cunha: Access to Justice
• 26: Marta Arretche: Federalist and Unitary States
• 27: Gabriela Lotta and Vanessa Elias de Oliveira: Local Government
• 28: Rogerio Arantes and Claudio Couto: Constitutions and Public Policies
• 29: Dawisson Belem Lopes and Mario Schettino Valente: Constitutions and Foreign Affairs
• 30: Alejandro Chehtman: Constitutions and International Law C. Rights
• 31: Laura Clerico: Proportionality and Balancing
• 32: Maria Paula Saffon: Property and Land
• 33: Ramiro Alvarez Ugarte: Freedom of expression
• 34: Diego Werneck Arguelhes and Luiz Fernando Marrey Moncau: Privacy
• 35: Ramiro Alvarez Ugarte: Right to Information and Transparency
• 36: Deisy Ventura and Camila Baraldi: Immigration and Citizenship
• 37: Leonardo Avritzer and Claudia Feres Faria: Political Participation and Democratic Innovation
• 38: Angel R. Oquendo: Due Process
• 39: Maira Machado: Prisoners Rights
• 40: Octavio Luiz Motta Ferraz: Equality
• 41: Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra: Sex Equality
• 42: Tanya Kateri Hernandez: Race Discrimination
• 43: Daniel M. Brinks: Social Rights
• 44: Alicia Ely Yamin: The Right to Health
• 45: Danielle H. Rached and Conrado Hubner Mendes: Environment
• 46: Agustina Ramon Michel: Abortion
• 47: Daniel Bonilla Maldonado: Multicultural Constitutions Part III Comparative Viewpoints
• 48: Jackie Dugard: A View from South Africa
• 49: Shylashri Shankar: Judicial Independence in Latin America: A View from Asia
• 50: Tom Ginsburg: Latin American Constitutionalism: A US Perspective
• 51: Siri Gloppen: A View from Northern Europe
• 52: Michaela Hailbronner: A View from Western Europe
• 53: Latin America: The Shifting Constitutional Continenta.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Constitutional law in Latin America embodies a mosaic of national histories, political experiments, and institutional transitions. No matter how distinctive these histories and transitions might be, there are still commonalities that transcend the mere geographical contiguity of these countries. This Handbook depicts the constitutional landscape of Latin America by shedding light on its most important differences and affinities, qualities and drawbacks, and by assessing its overall standing in the global enterprise of democratic constitutionalism. It engages with substantive and methodological conundrums of comparative constitutional law in the region, drawing meaningful comparisons between constitutional traditions. The volume is divided into two main parts. Part I focuses on exploring the constitutions for seventeen jurisdictions, offering a comprehensive country-by-country critique of the historical foundations, institutional architecture, and rights-based substantive identity of each constitution. Part II presents comparative analyses on the most controversial constitutional topics of the region, exploring central concepts in institutions and rights. The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America is an essential resource for scholars and students of comparative constitutional law, and Latin American politics and history Written by leading experts, it comprehensively examines constitutions, controversies, institutions, and constitutional rights in Latin America.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I Constitutions
• 1: Juan F. Gonzalez Bertomeu: Argentina
• 2: Joshua Braver: Bolivia
• 3: Virgilio Afonso da Silva and Thomaz Pereira: Brazil
• 4: Domingo Lovera Parmo: Chile
• 5: Antonio Barreto-Rozo: Colombia
• 6: Bruce M. Wilson and Olman Rodriguez Loaiza: Costa Rica
• 7: Julio Cesar Guanche: Cuba
• 8: Daniela Salazar: Ecuador
• 9: Francisca Pou Gimenez: Mexico
• 10: Daniel Mendonca y Juan Carlos Mendonca: Paraguay
• 11: Camila Gianella Malca and Ursula Baertl Espinoza: Peru
• 12: Gianella Bardazano: Uruguay
• 13: Ana Cristina Nunez M. and Rogelio Perez-Perdomo: Venezuela Part II Constitutional Controversies A. Comparing Constitutions in Latin America
• 14: Roberto Gargarella: Latin American Constitutional Traditions
• 15: Gabriel L. Negretto: Participatory Constitution-Making in Latin America: Consequences for Institutional Design
• 16: Julio Rios-Figueroa and Andrea Pozas-Loyo: Authoritarian Constitutionalism
• 17: Javier Couso: Latin American New Constitutionalism
• 18: Helena Alviar Garcia: Foreign Capital and Constitutions B. Institutions
• 19: Marcelo Alegre and Nahuel Maisley: Presidentialism and Hyper-Presidentialism
• 20: Fernando Limongi and Jose Cheibub: Elections
• 21: Matthew M.Taylor: Courts and Judicial Independence
• 22: Gretchen Helmke: Courts and Judicial Manipulation
• 23: Diana Kapiszewski and Katja Newman: Judicialization of Politics
• 24: Diana Rodriguez Franco and Cesar Rodriguez Garavito: Strategic Litigation and Social Change
• 25: Luciana Gross Cunha: Access to Justice
• 26: Marta Arretche: Federalist and Unitary States
• 27: Gabriela Lotta and Vanessa Elias de Oliveira: Local Government
• 28: Rogerio Arantes and Claudio Couto: Constitutions and Public Policies
• 29: Dawisson Belem Lopes and Mario Schettino Valente: Constitutions and Foreign Affairs
• 30: Alejandro Chehtman: Constitutions and International Law C. Rights
• 31: Laura Clerico: Proportionality and Balancing
• 32: Maria Paula Saffon: Property and Land
• 33: Ramiro Alvarez Ugarte: Freedom of expression
• 34: Diego Werneck Arguelhes and Luiz Fernando Marrey Moncau: Privacy
• 35: Ramiro Alvarez Ugarte: Right to Information and Transparency
• 36: Deisy Ventura and Camila Baraldi: Immigration and Citizenship
• 37: Leonardo Avritzer and Claudia Feres Faria: Political Participation and Democratic Innovation
• 38: Angel R. Oquendo: Due Process
• 39: Maira Machado: Prisoners Rights
• 40: Octavio Luiz Motta Ferraz: Equality
• 41: Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra: Sex Equality
• 42: Tanya Kateri Hernandez: Race Discrimination
• 43: Daniel M. Brinks: Social Rights
• 44: Alicia Ely Yamin: The Right to Health
• 45: Danielle H. Rached and Conrado Hubner Mendes: Environment
• 46: Agustina Ramon Michel: Abortion
• 47: Daniel Bonilla Maldonado: Multicultural Constitutions Part III Comparative Viewpoints
• 48: Jackie Dugard: A View from South Africa
• 49: Shylashri Shankar: Judicial Independence in Latin America: A View from Asia
• 50: Tom Ginsburg: Latin American Constitutionalism: A US Perspective
• 51: Siri Gloppen: A View from Northern Europe
• 52: Michaela Hailbronner: A View from Western Europe
• 53: Latin America: The Shifting Constitutional Continenta.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Constitutional law in Latin America embodies a mosaic of national histories, political experiments, and institutional transitions. No matter how distinctive these histories and transitions might be, there are still commonalities that transcend the mere geographical contiguity of these countries. This Handbook depicts the constitutional landscape of Latin America by shedding light on its most important differences and affinities, qualities and drawbacks, and by assessing its overall standing in the global enterprise of democratic constitutionalism. It engages with substantive and methodological conundrums of comparative constitutional law in the region, drawing meaningful comparisons between constitutional traditions. The volume is divided into two main parts. Part I focuses on exploring the constitutions for seventeen jurisdictions, offering a comprehensive country-by-country critique of the historical foundations, institutional architecture, and rights-based substantive identity of each constitution. Part II presents comparative analyses on the most controversial constitutional topics of the region, exploring central concepts in institutions and rights. The Oxford Handbook of Constitutional Law in Latin America is an essential resource for scholars and students of comparative constitutional law, and Latin American politics and history Written by leading experts, it comprehensively examines constitutions, controversies, institutions, and constitutional rights in Latin America.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction to the Politics of Investment Treaties --Policy Horizons --The Contested History of Investment Treaties in Latin America --Argentina : Pragmatic Opposition --Ecuador : Paradigmatic Change --Peru : Reluctant Reform --Conclusion

International investment law is at a crossroads. Civil society groups, prominent think tanks, and international organisations are calling for widespread reform. At the centre of controversy are international investment agreements (IIAs) and investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS). Over 1,000 legal claims have been brought by foreign investors under IIAs since the mid-1990s, resulting in multi-million dollar fines imposed against governments for policies related to the environment, natural resource governance, and access to basic services among other areas of public concern. Governments targeted by investor claims are pursuing a variety of reforms that range from the incremental to paradigm-shifting. These different responses raise important questions about the politics of infringement and reform: Why do governments infringe on IIAs despite the costs of doing so? Why do some governments heavily targeted by investor claims pursue more substantive reforms than others? This book provides a timely examination of infringement and reform in Latin America, where governments felt the sting of investor claims sooner and with greater frequency than in other regions. It focuses on Peru, Argentina, and Ecuador, countries that responded very differently to waves of investor claims. Based on interviews with government officials, and international lawyers as well as an extensive analysis of legal transcripts, detailed case study chapters examine the conditions that prompted investor claims and the factors that inform country's reform agendas. In doing so, the book illustrates the conditions under which IIAs constrain state behaviour and how different belief systems produce different responses to external pressures for treaty compliance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• La consulta previa en contextos extractivistas : evidencia para el debate desde América Central / Claire Wright, María Fernanda Márquez Culebra
• La consulta previa como gobernanza multinivel del desarrollo en América Latina / Walid Tijerina, Verónica A. Cuevas Pérez
• Procesos de participación indígena dentro de las consultas previas, libres e informadas en países latinoamericanos : de los modelos formales al consentimiento, la autonomía y la libre determinación / Amanda Romero Medina, Luis Alejandro Rodríguez Cruz
• Consulta previa, libre e informada : reflexiones sobre la efectividad del primer protocolo para la implementación del proceso de consulta previa en Juchitán de Zaragoza / Carlos Francisco Rodríguez Sámano, José Fredman Mendoza Ibarra
• La consulta previa, libre e informada : mecanismo de derechos y participación política en los planes de desarrollo gubernmentales : análisis desde Nuevo León / Víctor Néstor Aguirre Sotelo, Kate del Rosario Rodríguez Alejandro, Verónica A. Cuevas Pérez

• Part I. Proportionality and Processes of constitutionalization: 1. The Standard Reasonableness Test and Proportionality in Argentina: a matter of interactions Laura Clerico and Federico de Fazio
• 2. Proportionality in the case law of the constitutional court of Ecuador Daniela Salazar Marin and Ramiro Avila Santamaria
• 3. Proportionality and human rights in Mexico Arturo Barcena Zubieta
• 4. Proportionality and the construction of democracy: notes from the Peruvian jurisprudence Pedro Grandez Castro
• 5. Proportionality in the case law of the Chilean constitutional court Veronica Undurraga and Pascual Cortes
• Part II. Proportionality in Social Rights and Equality-based Adjudication: 6. Socio-economic rights in the Colombian constitutional jurisprudence: proportionality and the prohibition of retrogressive measures Magdalena Correa Heano and Alejandra Osorio Alvis
• 7. Progressive realization, non-retrogression, and maximum of available resources. Agreements and disagreements between the Inter-American court and the United Nations ESCR committee Julieta Rossi
• 8. Proportionality in the adjudication of equality and non-discrimination cases in the Inter-American system Silvia Serrano
• 9. Transformation and its limits: proportionality, courts, and social rights in Brazil Virgilio Afonso da Silva and Paula Gorzoni
• Part III. Proportionality, Between Transformation and the Status Quo: 10. Between exception and transition: proportionality and necessity in the Colombian quest for peace Antonio Barreto Rozo and Jorge Gonzalez-Jacome
• 11. Proportionality and state Ius Puniendi, Mary Beloff
• 12. Distributional analysis as an alternative to proportionality analysis in judicial decision-making Isabel Cristina Jaramillo Sierra
• 13. Proportionality, social justice, and democracy Martin Aldao
• 14. Unilateralism, dialogue, and false necessity: the distribution of the burden of proof in proportionality analysis Francisca Pou-Gimenez
• Epilogue. The elephant in the room Jamal Greene.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is the first book on proportionality in Latin American constitutional law. Leading scholars in the region explore how proportionality analysis has become a key part of the constitutional law of a region where, almost paradoxically, constitutions with clear transformative intentions coexist with the highest indicators of social inequality in the world. In this book, scholars, practitioners and students will find a fascinating account of how proportionality has been a central concept in Latin America's constitutional struggles to curtail excessive uses of state power. The book illustrates how, more recently, proportionality has played an important role in national processes of constitutionalization and transitional justice, and how its current uses in the domain of social rights endow it with a distinctive meaning and role in regional constitutionalism. This pioneering book opens up the space for a much needed global conversation on how Latin America has decisively contributed to comparative constitutional law.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Tables and figures
• Acknowledgments
• Introduction : Voluntary and forced migration in Latin America : law and policy reforms / Natalia Caicedo Camacho and Luisa Feline Freier
• 1. Migration legislation and policy in Argentina / Lucila Nejamkis and Lila García
• 2. Advances and setbacks in Brazilian migration policy and legislation / José Antônio Peres Gediel and Soledad Castillo Jara
• 3. Immigration legal regulations in Chile : a critical analysis / Jaime Bassa Mercado and Fernanda Torres Villarubia
• 4. Immigration policies and legislation in Colombia / Natalia Caicedo Camacho
• 5. The limits of regularity and irregularity in Ecuador's Organic Law on Human Mobility / Javier Arcentales Illescas and Gardenia Chávez Núñez
• 6. Mexican immigration legislation and policy / Felipe Sánchez Nájera
• 7. Immigration legislation in Peru : between the promotion of human rights and national security / Luisa Feline Freier and Valeria Aron Said
• 8. The legal status of the immigrant in international law and the inter-American human rights system / Laura García Juan
• 9. The development of Latin American regional integration and its implications for states' migration policies / Natalia Caicedo Camacho
• 10. Migration regimes in South America : the South American Conference on Migration / Cristián Doña Reveco and Mayra Feddersen
• Conclusion : The evolution, common features, and trends of migration policies and reforms in Latin America / Natalia Caicedo Camacho, David Moya, Karlos Castilla, Alba Alonso
• Contributors
• Index

Latin America provides a compelling case for the study of migration policies and laws, with several factors - including both internal and interregional migration and refugee flows, the region's progressive approach to the management of human mobility, and several forced displacement crises of the contemporary era - offering unique insights. Despite the region's heterogeneous migration flows and unique immigration and refugee laws, the academic literature has thus far lacked in-depth explorations of migration policy in Latin America. Voluntary and Forced Migration in Latin America presents a comparative analysis of the migration legislation of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru. For each country, the collection provides a historical overview of the evolution of migration legislation, an analysis of the migration flows and types of migrant profiles, and an examination of the country's current immigration, asylum, and nationality legislation. The primary regional and international mechanisms that facilitate a normative approach to voluntary and forced migration, as well as to migrant and refugee rights, are also thoroughly interrogated. Situating itself in the often progressive immigration policies of Latin America, Voluntary and Forced Migration in Latin America offers alternative solutions for other countries facing migration challenges in different contexts.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Los procesos constituyentes en democracia son hitos políticos y sociales con el potencial de hacer cambios profundos en la dirección de los sistemas políticos de los países que los viven. Latinoamérica ha tenido seis procesos constituyentes que dieron origen a nuevas constituciones y hechos por gobiernos democráticamente electos después del periodo de transiciones que comenzó en los setenta: Colombia en 1991, Argentina en 1994, Ecuador en 1998 y 2008, Venezuela en 1999 y Bolivia en el 2009. Todos estos procesos fueron realizados por Asambleas Constituyentes; sin embargo, los antecedentes que las motivan y las características propias de los procedimientos que las gobiernan, en particular aquellos sobre participación y representación, difieren en tal grado, que los resultados sobre las distintas dimensiones de la democracia también difieren entre los distintos casos. El presente libro ofrece una explicación sobre por qué hay algunos procesos constituyentes más exitosos que otros, medido respecto del impacto en el desarrollo democrático una vez terminado el proceso. Basándose principalmente en las experiencias de Colombia, Venezuela y Bolivia, la autora concluye que el proceso constituyente en sí mismo es importante, ya que, independiente del texto de la nueva constitución, durante éste las y los actores que estarán a cargo de la implementación de la nueva constitución se reposicionan de tal manera que fortalecen o debilitan los contrapesos con los que el poder se ejerce. En consecuencia, si el Ejecutivo es muy protagónico durante el proceso constituyente, éste tendrá más capacidad de concentrar el poder durante el periodo de implementación de la nueva constitución. Por el contrario, si la o las oposiciones logran tener un rol importante, el poder se equilibrará de mejor manera con posterioridad al proceso

• Introduction to the use of cultural expert witness testimony in Latin America / Leila Rodriguez
• Judicial representations of culture / Marcos Guevara Berger
• The value of judicial evidence / Esther Sánchez Botero
• Reflections on anthropological expert testimony in the context of the Mapuche indigenous movement's emergence : culture, racism, and law in the neoliberal era / Paulo Castro Neira and Yerko Castro Neira
• Black communities in the face of the founding norm in Mexico / Víctor Hugo Villanueva Gutiérrez
• Cultural and normative conflicts over homosexual relationships and the educator profession : an enlightening judgement / Esther Sánchez Botero
• Religious minorities, ideology, and gender-based violence : expert testimony in a case in Chihuahua, Mexico / Víctor Hugo Villanueva Gutiérrez
• Anthropological expert testimony and Guatemalan asylum-seekers in the United States / Leila Rodriguez
• Interpreting cultural expert testimony in an indigenous community in Costa Rica / Yumi Nukada
• Anthropological expert testimony perceived by the subjects of the testimony : the case of Peru / Iván Rivasplata Caballero
• Dilemmas and controversies surrounding socio-cultural anthropological expert testimony in Chile and Latin America / Marcelo Berho Castillo
• Contradictions and dilemmas of anthropological expert testimony / Robert Morales Urra
• Challenges in the provision of cultural expert testimony / Bohián Perez Stefanov and Sonnia Romero Gorski

In Latin America, as early as 1975 testimony given under oath by anthropologists has been applied in the civil law systems in a number of Latin American countries. Called peritajes antropologicos culturales, this testimony can come in the form of written affidavits and/or oral testimony. These experts build bridges of intercultural dialogue, which overcome language and cultural barriers that have historically limited equal access to justice for indigenous and ethnic people all over the word. Culture as Judicial Evidence in Latin America summarizes the current state of this work in six countries: Mexico, Costa Rica, Peru, Chile, Colombia, and Uruguay, and lays out the challenges and dilemmas involved in the creation and use of cultural expert testimony. Organized into three sections, the book advances a framework for the use of cultural evidence, and presents readers with nine case studies based on trials in six individual countries. These countries have implemented legal reform, constitutional amendments and the adoption of international legislation to create the legal frameworks that enable this new form of legal evidence to be admissible in Latin American courts. The contributing authors are cultural anthropologists with vast experience researching the impact of cultural expert witness testimony. A forward-looking final section examines the dilemmas and challenges of this work that remain to be solved. .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introducción
• Faltas y delitos electorales en Argentina : ¿jurisdicción penal o electoral?
• De la norma a su aplicación : desarrolo del derecho penal electroal en Colombia
• Justicia electoral Costarricense : repaso histórico de sus antecedentes y respaldo documenatrio de la realidad vigente y retos a seguir
• Justicia penal electoral en Chile : delitos, procedimientors y sanciones
• La justicia penal electoral en el Ecuador
• Justicia penal electoral en el Salvador
• Conflictividad y delitos electorales en Guatemala
• Evolución institucional de los delitos electorales y la fiscalía electoral en México
• La justicia penal electoral en Panamá
• Evolución de la justicia penal electoral en el Paraguay
• Justicia penal electoral en la República Dominica : libertad del sufragio y perspectivas para la calidad democrática