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• Foreword / by Tung Chee-Hwa
• part I. Understanding the trade war : history, facts and potential impacts. Historical highlights of China-U.S. relations
• The reality of the China-U.S. trade balance
• How serious are the impacts?
• part II. Competitors and partners : challenges and opportunities for China and the U.S. Economic complementarities
• Economic competition
• Why is there a technological gap?
• Enhancing mutual economic interdependence
• part III. Beyond the trade war. The long-term forces at work
• The way forward.

Some people might believe in the 'Thucydides Trap' that, as a rising power challenges the dominance of an established power, a China-U.S. trade war will be inevitable. Being the largest and the second largest trading nations globally, the U.S. and China are, in fact, each other's most important partner in trade. In this book, Lau looks through various economic statistics of the past few decades and shows us that while the real effects of the China-U.S. trade war in 2018 are not negligible, they are relatively manageable for both nations. There is no need to panic despite psychological effects on the Chinese stock markets and on the Renminbi exchange rate. Behind the trade war is the potential economic and technological competition between China and the U.S., which is likely to become the 'new normal'. It is up to each government battle against the rise of xenophobia, with the facts that China-U.S. economic collaboration is a potentially positive-sum game through better coordination and fully utilising each other's currently underutilised resources. Balancing China-U.S. trade and enhancing economic interdependence is actually possible.
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What extremism is, how extremist ideologies are constructed, and why extremism can escalate into violence

Drawing on two decades of government efforts to secure the homeland, experts offer crucial strategic lessons and detailed recommendations for homeland security.For Americans, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, crystallized the notion of homeland security. But what does it mean to secure the homeland in the twenty-first century? What lessons can be drawn from the first two decades of US government efforts to do so? In Beyond 9/11, leading academic experts and former senior government officials address the most salient challenges of homeland security today.The contributors discuss counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and critical infrastructure protection; border security and immigration; transportation security; emergency management; combating transnational crime; protecting privacy in a world of increasingly intrusive government scrutiny; and managing the sprawling homeland security bureaucracy. They offer crucial strategic lessons and detailed recommendations on how to improve the U.S. homeland security enterprise

• I. Introduction
• 1. EU-Africa relations in the twenty-first century: evolution and explanations - Maurizio Carbone II. Actors and contexts
• 2. The European Union as an actor in Africa: internal coherence and external legitimacy - Fredrik Soederbaum
• 3. The EU's Africa policy between the US and China: interests, altruism, and cooperation - Gorm Rye Olsen
• 4. Locating the EU's strategic behaviour in Sub-Saharan Africa: an emerging strategic culture? - Richard G. Whitman and Toni Haastrup
• 5. Africa's place in international relations: domestic politics, global linkages - Ian Taylor
• 6. African regionalism: external influences and continental shaping forces - Mary Farrell III. Policies and partnerships
• 7. Foreign aid, coordination, and ownership in EU-Africa relations - Maurizio Carbone
• 8. EU human rights and democracy promotion in Africa: normative power or realist interests? - Gordon Crawford
• 9. Economic Partnership Agreements and Africa: losing friends and failing to influence - Christopher Stevens
• 10. Unfulfilled expectations? The EU's agricultural and fisheries policies and Africa - Alan Matthews
• 11. Out of Africa: the energy-development nexus - Amelia Hadfield
• 12. Climate change and the EU-Africa Strategy: coherence, leadership, and the 'greening' of development - Simon Lightfoot
• 13. The EU-Africa migration partnership: the limits of the EU's external dimension of migration in Africa - Tine Van Criekinge
• 14. Work in progress: the social dimension of EU-Africa relations - Jan Orbie IV. Conclusion
• 15. European policies, African impact and international order: (re)evaluating the EU-Africa relationship - Michael Smith Index
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The European Union in Africa: Incoherent policies, asymmetrical partnership, declining relevance? provides a comprehensive analysis of EU-Africa relations since the beginning of the twenty-first century and includes contributions from leading experts in the field of EU external relations. It seeks to explain how the relationship evolved through discussion of a number of different policies and agreements, ranging from established areas such as aid, agriculture, trade and security, to new areas such as migration, climate change, energy and social policies. This book successfully challenges a number of widely-held assumptions on the role of the EU in Africa, and at the same time sheds light on the role and identity of the EU in the international arena. It will be of great interest to students and scholars in the field of EU external relations as well as practitioners of international development. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Why are religious terrorists so lethal? Hezbollah
• The Taliban
• Hamas
• The lethality of religious radicals
• What motivates terrorists? The afterlife and other myths
• Terrorist organizations, why so few?
• Internal economies and organizational efficiency
• What's coming?
• The defection constraint
• Origins of the Taliban
• trade routes and defection
• Coordinated assault
• Terrorism and defection: Hamas
• The Jewish underground: terrorists who overreached
• Hezbollah and suicide attacks
• The Mahdi army in Iraq
• Sects, prohibitions, and mutual aid: the organizational secrets of religious radicals
• Prohibitions and sacrifices: the benign puzzles
• Where are the dads?
• Mutual aid
• Prohibitions and clubs
• Evidence
• Fertility
• Pronatalist prohibitions
• Radical Islam and fertility
• Sect, Subsidy, and Sacrifice: Subsidized sacrifice
• Madrassas
• Subsidized prohibitions and fertility
• How many radical Islamists?
• The Hamas model: why religious radicals are such effective terrorists: The "Hamas model"
• Origins of the model
• Hamas
• Social Service provision by the Taliban, Hezbollah, and al-Sadr
• Why religious radicals are such lethal terrorists
• Terrorist clubs
• Evidence
• When terrorists fail
• Clubs and violence without religion
• Gratuitous cruelty
• Objections
• Why suicide attacks?
• Rebels, insurgents, and terrorists
• Suicide attacks
• Evidence
• Coreligionists are soft targets
• Clubs
• Alternative explanations
• The future of suicide attacks
• Constructive counterterrorism: How terrorist clubs succeed
• Constructive counterterrorism
• What's wrong with the old-fashioned methods?
• Where to start?
• The Malayan Precedent
• Religious radicals and violence in the modern world: Radical Christians, benign and violent
• The supernatural and credibility
• Markets and denominations
• Jewish and Muslim denominations
• What's wrong with religion in government? Competition and pluralism
• Not about us
• What's our role?
• Analytical Appendix: The defection constraint
• Clubs, loyalty, and outside options
• Suicide attacks vs. hard targets
• Protecting hard targets by improving outside options.

Applying fresh tools from economics to explain puzzling behaviors of religious radicals: Muslim, Christian, and Jewish; violent and benign.
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How do radical religious sects run such deadly terrorist organizations? Hezbollah, Hamas, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and the Taliban all began as religious groups dedicated to piety and charity. Yet once they turned to violence, they became horribly potent, executing campaigns of terrorism deadlier than those of their secular rivals. In Radical, Religious, and Violent, Eli Berman approaches the question using the economics of organizations. He first dispels some myths: radical religious terrorists are not generally motivated by the promise of rewards in the afterlife (including the infamous seventy-two virgins) or even by religious ideas in general. He argues that these terrorists (even suicide terrorists) are best understood as rational altruists seeking to help their own communities. Yet despite the vast pool of potential recruits -- young altruists who feel their communities are repressed or endangered -- there are less than a dozen highly lethal terrorist organizations in the world capable of sustained and coordinated violence that threatens governments and makes hundreds of millions of civilians hesitate before boarding an airplane. What's special about these organizations, and why are most of their followers religious radicals? Drawing on parallel research on radical religious Jews, Christians, and Muslims, Berman shows that the most lethal terrorist groups have a common characteristic: their leaders have found a way to control defection. Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban, for example, built loyalty and cohesion by means of mutual aid, weeding out "free riders" and producing a cadre of members they could rely on. The secret of their deadly effectiveness lies in their resilience and cohesion when incentives to defect are strong.These insights suggest that provision of basic social services by competent governments adds a critical, nonviolent component to counterterrorism strategies. It undermines the violent potential of radical religious organizations without disturbing free religious practice, being drawn into theological debates with Jihadists, or endangering civilians.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The Chinese and U.S. economies have been locked in an uncomfortable embrace since the late 1970s. Although the relationship initially arose out of mutual benefits, in recent years it has taken on the trappings of an unstable codependence, with the two largest economies in the world losing their sense of self, increasing the risk of their turning on one another in a destructive fashion. In Unbalanced: The Codependency of America and China Stephen Roach, senior fellow at Yale University and former chairman of Morgan Stanley Asia, lays bare the pitfalls of the current China-U.S. economic relationship. He highlights the conflicts at the center of current tensions, including disputes over trade policies and intellectual property rights, sharp contrasts in leadership styles, the role of the Internet, the recent dispute over cyberhacking, and more. A firsthand witness to the Asian financial crisis of the late 1990s, Roach likely knows more about the U.S.-China economic relationship than any other Westerner. Here he discusses: * Why America saving too little and China saving too much creates mounting problems for both* How China is planning to re-boot its economic growth model by moving from an external export-led model to one of internal consumerism with a new focus on service industries* How America, shows a disturbing lack of strategy, preferring a short-term reactive approach over a more coherent Chinese-style planning framework* The way out: what America could do to turn its own economic fate around and position itself for a healthy economic and political relationship with China In the wake of the 2008 crisis, both unbalanced economies face urgent and mutually beneficial rebalancings. Unbalanced concludes with a recipe for resolving the escalating tensions of codependence. Roach argues that the Next China offers much for the Next America-and vice versa.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface PART I: Framework of Cooperation
• Chapter 1: Arab-Latin American Relations in the 21st Century: An Introduction. Fehmy Saddy
• Chapter 2: Arab-Latin American Dialogue: A Brazilian Perspective. Celso Amorim
• Chapter 3: Reflections on Mercosur-Arab Countries Bi-regional Preferential Trade and Investment Agreements. Felix Pena
• Chapter 4: Arab-Latin American Inter-regional Cooperation in Culture and Education. Cecilia Baesa and Elena Lazarou PART II: Trade Relations
• Chapter 5: MENA-Latin American Trade Relations: An Arab Perspective. Ayah El Said
• Chapter 6: Latin American-MENA Trade Relations: A Brazilian Perspective. Michel Abdo Alaby PART III: Food Security
• Chapter 7: Food Security in the Middle East: Theory and Practice. Fehmy Saddy
• Chapter 8: Water Resources and Agriculture in the Middle East. Faisal Awawdeh
• Chapter 9: Sharing Food Resources with MENA Countries. Cesar Borges de Sousa
• Chapter 10: Arab Fertilizers for Latin American Agriculture. TK
• PART IV: Energy Cooperation
• Chapter 11: Energy Cooperation with Latin America: An Arab Perspective. TK
• Chapter 12: Energy Cooperation with Arab Countries: A Latin American Perspective. TK PART V: Finance and Investment
• Chapter 13: Arab-Latin American Participation Finance. Fehmy Saddy
• Chapter 14: Brazilian Business Culture: A Practical Guide. Fehmy Saddy PART VI: Technical Cooperation
• Chapter 15: Agricultural Research and Innovation. Mauricio Lopes
• Chapter 16: Mineral Resources Development: the Chilean Experience. Juan Carlos Guajardo
• Chapter 17: Healing Skins and Souls: Brazil's Answer to Wars in the Middle East. Joao Marcelo Ramalhor
• Chapter 18: New Frontiers in Immunology Sciences. Jorge Kalil.
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With the growing importance of emerging markets the focus of analysts has begun to concentrate on the contribution of Latin America and the Middle East to the global economy, and the relations between these two regions. This has become ever more important with the trend in Latin America to diversify their trade relations and establish closer economic and political ties with other emerging economies, including the Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. The Arab World and Latin America examines the relations between these two regions, highlighting the often-overlooked cultural similarities, as well as exploring the political and economic ties that are being developed. As relations with and between countries in the Global South become ever more important for trade and investment, both politically and economically, this volume offers vital analyses for researchers of international relations as well as the politics and culture of the Middle East and Latin America.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The stability of the former Soviet states is threatened by their precarious geopolitical position within a turbulent economic and political environment. Swords and Sustenance explores the complex economic dimension of national security for two key post-Soviet countries, Belarus and Ukraine--that is, how they have dealt with the challenges posed by internal economic and political reform and their relationships with Russia and the West.The book first examines how differing commitments to economic and political reform (reform is largely absent in Belarus) affect Belarusian and Ukrainian approaches to security. It then considers the central role of Russia, and how Russian interests and policies toward Belarus and Ukraine limit the two countries' foreign and domestic policy choices. Two chapters discuss the national security implications for Belarus and Ukraine of two key economic factors in their foreign policy: energy trade (in the form of oil, gas, and pipelines) and military-industrial cooperation (including the sale of arms). Finally, the book considers the relationships of Belarus and Ukraine with regional and global institutions and explores the policies of the EU, NATO, and the United States toward Belarus and Ukraine

• 1. Empirical Puzzle, Arguments and Research Design
• 2. Brazil: Context and Trade Liberalization
• 3. Brazil: Dispute Settlement and Conclusions
• 4. India: Context and Trade Liberalization
• 5. India: Dispute Settlement and Conclusions
• 6. Conclusions, Revised Framework and Implications.
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As emerging powers deepen their involvement in world trade and global governance, it is crucial to explore the what and the why of their strategic choices vis-a-vis the World Trade Organization. This book does just that, examining the trade policy decisions of two emerging power states, Brazil and India, since 2001. In this timely work, Laura Carsten Mahrenbach develops a broad-based analytical framework which addresses trade policy within EP states, in their regions and on the global level. The findings underline the importance of examining domestic factors when trying to understand strategic decisions by emerging powers. They also have important implications for our understanding of the role of emerging power states in global (trade) governance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• 1. African Strategic Minerals in the International System
• 2. The Exploitation of Africa's Strategic Minerals: Some Theoretical Explanations Revisited
• 3. Africa's Strategic Minerals and the North-South System
• 4. The International Politics of Africa's Uranium
• 5. Uranium, South Africa's Nuclear Capability and World Peace
• 6. Uranium, African States and Nuclear Proliferation
• 7. Africa's Strategic Minerals in Perspective Index.
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This important study examines the role of Africa's strategic mineral resources in global defense and in the international economic system. Beginning with an overview of the situation as a whole, the author discusses the role of transnational corporations in the exploitation of Africa's mineral resources and explains the implications of the theories of Matthew Effect, dependency, core-periphery, and imperialism. Among the issues Ogunbadejo considers are the political economy of strategic minerals; the political significance of American, European, and Soviet dependence on these minerals vis-a-vis their relations with the producer nations; and the impact of geopolitical considerations on U.S./South African relations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: shifting the economic development agenda
• Economic development and the urban system
• Uneven development: geographical specialisation and inter-dependency
• An advanced organic economy: the textile industries
• A mineral-based energy economy: coal-using industries
• The service sector and urban hierarchies
• Spatial integration and the urban system
• Conclusions: the integration of local, regional, national and international economies
• Sources of urban population totals for north-west England in the 1770s
• Probate records as sources of occupational information.

• Paths to peace and prosperity / Bruce Bueno de Mesquita
• The political economy of warfare / Edward L. Glaeser
• Globalization and insecurity: reviewing some basic issues / Michelle R. Garfinkel, Stergios Skaperdas, Constantinos Syropoulos
• Investing in regimes with stationary or roving bandits / Kai A. Konrad
• A gravity model of globalization, democracy, and transnational terrorism / S. Brock Blomberg, B. Peter Rosendorff
• The factionalization of terror groups / Ethan Bueno de Mesquita
• Urban structure in a climate of terror / Stephen Sheppard
• War in Iraq versus containment / Steven J. Davis, Kevin M. Murphy, Robert H. Topel
• Using household data to study the economic consequences of violent conflict: the case of Rwanda / Marijke Verpoorten.

Guns and Butter examines the causes and consequences of war from a political economy perspective, taking as its premise that a consideration of the incentives and constraints faced by individuals and groups is paramount in understanding conflict decision making. The chapter authors -- leading economists and political scientists -- believe that this perspective offers deeper insights into war and peace choices than the standard state-centric approach. Their contributions offer both theoretical and empirical support for the political economy perspective on conflict. Several broad themes cut across the chapters: war as an equilibrium phenomenon rather than an exogenous process; the interaction of politics, economics, and institutions and its effect on the frequency and severity of conflicts; the cost of fighting; and the often innovative character of conflict. Topics addressed include theoretical aspects of the ways in which domestic politics affects the decision to go to war; globalization and its effect on the net supply of terrorism; open markets and the likelihood of war and domestic insecurity; the costs of going to war in Iraq as compared to the costs of containment; the economic effects of the Rwandan genocide at a household level; and the evolving industrial organization of terrorist groups. ContributorsBrock Blomberg, Bruce Bueno de Mesquita, Ethan Bueno de Mesquita, Steven J. Davis, Michelle R. Garfinkel Edward Glaeser, Gregory D. Hess, Kai Konrad, Kevin M. Murphy, Peter Rosendorff, Stephen Sheppard, Stergios Skaperdas, Constantinos Syropoulos, Robert H. Topel, Marijke Verpoorten.
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• 1. Strategic aspects of fighting in alliances / Kai A. Konrad
• 2. Fiscal equalization and political conflict / Maria Cubel
• 3. Natural resources, social conflict, and poverty trap / Davide Fiaschi
• 4. A game of thrones : power structure and the stability of regimes / Ruixue Jia and Pingham Liang
• 5. The probability of a military rule in Africa, 1970 to 2007 / Raul Caruso, Jacopo Costa, and Robert Ricciuti
• 6. Sociopolitical conflict and economic performance in Bolivia / Jose Luis Evia, Roberto Laserna, and Stergios Skaperdas
• 7. Occupational choices and insurgency in Afghanistan's provinces / Vincenzo Bove and Leandro Elia
• 8. Social unrest in the wake of IMF structural adjustment programs / Caleb Stroup and Ben Zissimos
• 9. Social preferences of ex-combatants : survey and experimental evidence from postwar Tajikistan / Alessandra Cassar, Pauline Grosjean, and Sam Whitt.

Economists offer a rational-choice perspective on conflict, using approaches that range from the game theoretic to the experimental. Modern economics has largely ignored the issue of outright conflict as an alternative way of allocating goods, assuming instead the existence of well-defined property rights enforced by an undefined third party. And yet even in ostensibly peaceful market transactions, conflict exists as an outside option, sometimes constraining the outcomes reached through voluntary agreement. In this volume, economists offer a crucial rational-choice perspective on conflict, using methodological approaches that range from the game theoretic to the experimental. Several chapters use the recently developed contest success function to model conflict, examining such topics as alliance formation, regional conflicts under fiscal federalism, coups d'etat in developing countries, and the correlation between conflict and economic growth in Bolivia. Other chapters consider subjects that include the link between occupational choices and antigovernment activity in Afghanistan, social unrest and the IMF's Structural Adjustment Program, and the effect of Tajikistan's civil war on ex-combatants' capacity for trust and cooperation. Taken together, these contributions show that economics needs a theory of conflict to understand both outright conflict and transactions in the shadow of conflict. But beyond this, they show that the study of conflict also needs the rigorous, methodology-based perspectives of economics. Contributors Vincenzo Bove, Raul Caruso, Alessandra Cassar, Jacopo Costa, Maria Cubel, Leandro Elia, Jose Luis Evia, Davide Fiaschi, Pauline Grosjean, Ruixue Jia, Kai A. Konrad, Roberto Laserna, Pinghan Liang, Roberto Ricciuti, Stergios Skaperdas, Caleb Stroup, Karl Warneryd, Sam Whitt, Ben Zissimos.
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• Introduction Policy Framing Analysis Biotechnology: the Creation of a Policy Field Policy Reframing The Transformation of the Policy Conflict The Framing of EU Biotechnology Conclusion Literature.
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Falk Daviter explores how the framing of policy issues on the EU agenda affects policy choices. Tracing the political decision making process in the field of EU biotechnology over more than twenty years, this book explains the seemingly erratic policy dynamics that characterise this highly contested area of EU policy-making. It argues that the key to understanding which political interests and ideas find expression in EU policy-making is to focus on the framing of the issues at stake. Policy Framing in the European Union introduces the conceptual and theoretical tenets of policy framing analysis and shows how this analytical lens can offer a unique perspective on current issues in the study of EU politics and policy-making.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Sanctions, globalization, and American preeminence
• Influencing Iran
• Inhibiting Iraq
• Limiting Libya
• Sanctioning Sudan
• Shrewd sanctions: economic tools and U.S. foreign policy.

Policymakers will need all the tools at their disposal to craft an effective response to international terrorism and to protect and promote other U.S. interests in the coming decades. In this quest to shape the right strategies for the challenges ahead, economic instruments will play a central role. O'Sullivan, an expert on the use of positive and negative tools of economic statecraft, argues that in the post-September 11th international climate, the United States will be even more willing to use its economic power to advance its foreign policy goals than it has in the past. This impulse, she argues, can lead to a more effective foreign policy given the many ways in which sanctions and incentives can forcefully advance U.S. interests. But a recalibration of these tools -sanctions in particular -is necessary in order for them to live up to their potential. Critical to such a reassessment is a thorough understanding of how the post-cold war international environment -globalization and American primacy in particular -has influenced how sanctions work. O'Sullivan addresses this issue in a thorough examination of sanctions-dominated policies in place against Iran, Iraq, Libya, and Sudan. Her findings not only highlight the many ways in which sanctions have often been poorly suited to achieve their goals in the past, but also suggest how policymakers might use these tools to better effect in the future. This book will provide a valuable resource for policymakers groping to find the right set of instruments to address both the old and the new challenges facing the United States. It will also serve as an important resource to those interested in U.S. policy toward 'rogue' states and in the status of the sanctions debate between policymakers and scholars.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface and Acknowledgments Financial Governance and the State Forging Financial Governance Extending Financial Governance Financial Governance and the Great Freeze Global Politics and Financial Governance Power and Governance in the Global Financial System Conclusion: Global Governance and National Responsibility Guide to Further Reading Select Chronology of Financial Crises and Collapses.
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The financial crisis prompted many to ask how financial systems from America and Iceland to Russia and Hungary could have been so misgoverned that their near collapse plunged the entire world into recession. Randall Germain assesses what needs to be done, and by whom, to avoid a repitition of what he calls the 'great freeze'.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Is it Africa's turn?
• Forum: Robert H. Bates ; Ken Banks ; Olu Ajakaiye ; Rosamond Naylor ; David N. Weil ; Jeremy M. Weinstein ; Smita Singh ; Paul Collier ; Rachel Glennerster
• Real progress.

Signs of hope in sub-Saharan Africa: modest but steady economic growth and the spread of democracy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Signs of hope in sub-Saharan Africa: modest but steady economic growth and the spread of democracy. By the end of the twentieth century, sub-Saharan Africa had experienced twenty-five years of economic and political disaster. While "economic miracles" in China and India raised hundreds of millions from extreme poverty, Africa seemed to have been overtaken by violent conflict and mass destitution, and ranked lowest in the world in just about every economic and social indicator. Working in Busia, a small Kenyan border town, economist Edward Miguel began to notice something different starting in 1997: modest but steady economic progress, with new construction projects, flower markets, shops, and ubiquitous cell phones. In Africa's Turn? Miguel tracks a decade of comparably hopeful economic trends throughout sub-Saharan Africa and suggests that we may be seeing a turnaround. He bases his hopes on a range of recent changes: democracy is finally taking root in many countries; China's successes have fueled large-scale investment in Africa; and rising commodity prices have helped as well. Miguel warns, though, that the growth is fragile. Violence and climate change could derail it quickly, and he argues for specific international assistance when drought and civil strife loom. Responding to Miguel, nine experts gauge his optimism. Some question the progress of democracy in Africa or are more skeptical about China's constructive impact, while others think that Miguel has underestimated the threats represented by climate change and population growth. But most agree that something new is happening, and that policy innovations in health, education, agriculture, and government accountability are the key to Africa's future. Contributors Olu Ajakaiye, Ken Banks, Robert Bates, Paul Collier, Rachel Glennerster, Rosamond Naylor, Smita Singh, David N. Weil, and Jeremy M. Weinstein.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Towards an applied theory of violence prevention
• Reporting and warning about deadly possibilities
• Organizing against ethnoreligious violence in Ahmedabad
• Overcoming gang violence in Chicago
• Counteracting ethnoreligious violence in Sri Lanka
• Crowdsourcing during post-election violence in Kenya
• Foisting tribal violence in East Africa
• Comparing the approaches
• How to intervene effectively
• What to do when violence prevention is unlikely to work
• Concerns about misallocation of resources
• Future directions and recommendations.

How technology and community organizing can combine to help prevent violence, with examples from Chicago to Sri Lanka. Tunisian and Egyptian protestors famously made use of social media to rally supporters and disseminate information as the "Arab Spring" began to unfold in 2010. Less well known, but with just as much potential to bring about social change, are ongoing local efforts to use social media and other forms of technology to prevent deadly outbreaks of violence. In The Technology of Nonviolence, Joseph Bock describes and documents technology-enhanced efforts to stop violence before it happens in Africa, Asia, and the United States. Once peacekeeping was the purview of international observers, but today local citizens take violence prevention into their own hands. These local approaches often involve technology-including the use of digital mapping, crowdsourcing, and mathematical pattern recognition to identify likely locations of violence-but, as Bock shows, technological advances are of little value unless they are used by a trained cadre of community organizers. After covering general concepts in violence prevention and describing technological approaches to tracking conflict and cooperation, Bock offers five case studies that range from "low-tech" interventions to prevent ethnic and religious violence in Ahmedebad, India, to an anti-gang initiative in Chicago that uses Second Life to train its "violence interrupters." There is solid evidence of success, Bock concludes, but there is much to be discovered, developed, and, most important, implemented.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)