• Why are religious terrorists so lethal? Hezbollah
• The Taliban
• Hamas
• The lethality of religious radicals
• What motivates terrorists? The afterlife and other myths
• Terrorist organizations, why so few?
• Internal economies and organizational efficiency
• What's coming?
• The defection constraint
• Origins of the Taliban
• trade routes and defection
• Coordinated assault
• Terrorism and defection: Hamas
• The Jewish underground: terrorists who overreached
• Hezbollah and suicide attacks
• The Mahdi army in Iraq
• Sects, prohibitions, and mutual aid: the organizational secrets of religious radicals
• Prohibitions and sacrifices: the benign puzzles
• Where are the dads?
• Mutual aid
• Prohibitions and clubs
• Evidence
• Fertility
• Pronatalist prohibitions
• Radical Islam and fertility
• Sect, Subsidy, and Sacrifice: Subsidized sacrifice
• Madrassas
• Subsidized prohibitions and fertility
• How many radical Islamists?
• The Hamas model: why religious radicals are such effective terrorists: The "Hamas model"
• Origins of the model
• Hamas
• Social Service provision by the Taliban, Hezbollah, and al-Sadr
• Why religious radicals are such lethal terrorists
• Terrorist clubs
• Evidence
• When terrorists fail
• Clubs and violence without religion
• Gratuitous cruelty
• Objections
• Why suicide attacks?
• Rebels, insurgents, and terrorists
• Suicide attacks
• Evidence
• Coreligionists are soft targets
• Clubs
• Alternative explanations
• The future of suicide attacks
• Constructive counterterrorism: How terrorist clubs succeed
• Constructive counterterrorism
• What's wrong with the old-fashioned methods?
• Where to start?
• The Malayan Precedent
• Religious radicals and violence in the modern world: Radical Christians, benign and violent
• The supernatural and credibility
• Markets and denominations
• Jewish and Muslim denominations
• What's wrong with religion in government? Competition and pluralism
• Not about us
• What's our role?
• Analytical Appendix: The defection constraint
• Clubs, loyalty, and outside options
• Suicide attacks vs. hard targets
• Protecting hard targets by improving outside options.

Applying fresh tools from economics to explain puzzling behaviors of religious radicals: Muslim, Christian, and Jewish; violent and benign.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
How do radical religious sects run such deadly terrorist organizations? Hezbollah, Hamas, Lashkar-e-Taiba, and the Taliban all began as religious groups dedicated to piety and charity. Yet once they turned to violence, they became horribly potent, executing campaigns of terrorism deadlier than those of their secular rivals. In Radical, Religious, and Violent, Eli Berman approaches the question using the economics of organizations. He first dispels some myths: radical religious terrorists are not generally motivated by the promise of rewards in the afterlife (including the infamous seventy-two virgins) or even by religious ideas in general. He argues that these terrorists (even suicide terrorists) are best understood as rational altruists seeking to help their own communities. Yet despite the vast pool of potential recruits -- young altruists who feel their communities are repressed or endangered -- there are less than a dozen highly lethal terrorist organizations in the world capable of sustained and coordinated violence that threatens governments and makes hundreds of millions of civilians hesitate before boarding an airplane. What's special about these organizations, and why are most of their followers religious radicals? Drawing on parallel research on radical religious Jews, Christians, and Muslims, Berman shows that the most lethal terrorist groups have a common characteristic: their leaders have found a way to control defection. Hezbollah, Hamas, and the Taliban, for example, built loyalty and cohesion by means of mutual aid, weeding out "free riders" and producing a cadre of members they could rely on. The secret of their deadly effectiveness lies in their resilience and cohesion when incentives to defect are strong.These insights suggest that provision of basic social services by competent governments adds a critical, nonviolent component to counterterrorism strategies. It undermines the violent potential of radical religious organizations without disturbing free religious practice, being drawn into theological debates with Jihadists, or endangering civilians.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Intro
• INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND HUMAN AID
• Copyright
• Contents
• Contributors
• Acknowledgements
• 1 Justice in a Complex World: An Introduction
• 2 The (Difficult) Universality of Economic and Social Rights
• 3 Economic Justice and theMinimally Good Human Life Account of Needs
• 4 Toward Another Kind of Development Practice
• 5 Three Approaches to Global Health Care Justice: Rejecting the Positive/Negative rights distinction
• 6 Restitution and Distributive Justice
• 7 Narrow versus Comprehensive Justification in Humanitarian Aid: A Case Study of the CERF
• 8 Global Justice and the Mission of the European Union
• Index.

Are global standards of aid, assistance and redistribution achievable in practice? These 8 essays assesses fields including humanitarian and development aid, the slave trade, health care assistance, reparations for historical injustices, the UN Central Emergency Response Fund and the global responsibility of the EU.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This volume offers an interdisciplinary and global perspective on aspects of security and defence, with a special focus on the protection of social infrastructures in the face of various forms of violence. It examines some multi-faceted solutions and stresses the need to approach the problem from many disciplines. The optimistic conclusion from this work is that there are concrete and specific ways to address conflict and violence, and the importance of being alert in order to prevent their eventual negative consequences. This work integrates and synthesises theory, research, and public policy analysis in an effort to solve the complex questions and problems presented by this topic, and focuses on a range of topics, including militia and police, law, diplomacy, aggression and conflict studies, and psychology. This encourages a broader perspective and thought-process global collaboration and cooperation, and an integrated synthesis of knowledge. It broadens the conceptualisation of the phenomena under discussion and links them with tangible examples. This book represents an important resource for researchers and students of security and defence, violence, and peace, as well as anyone with an interest in studying methods of protecting critical infrastructures and more specifically of probable the most important social infrastructure, the people, reducing the threats of terrorism from a psychological approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Food Aid Politics: The Old and the New
• 2. Past and Present Food Assistance Trends
• 3. Donor Policies on the Question of Tying
• 4. U.S. Debates on Tied Food Aid
• 5. The GMO Controversy
• 6. Food Aid at the WTO
• 7. The 2007-2008 Food Crisis and the Global Governance of Food Aid
• 8. Conclusion: Prospects for the Future of Food Aid PoliticsReferences Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Food aid has become a contentious issue in recent decades, with sharp disagreements over genetically modified crops, agricultural subsidies, and ways of guaranteeing food security in the face of successive global food crises. In Hunger in the Balance, Jennifer Clapp provides a timely and comprehensive account of the contemporary politics of food aid, explaining the origins and outcomes of recent clashes between donor nations-and between donors and recipients.She identifies fundamental disputes between donors over "tied" food aid, which requires that food be sourced in the donor country, versus "untied" aid, which provides cash to purchase food closer to the source of hunger. These debates have been especially intense between the major food aid donors, particularly the European Union and the United States. Similarly, the EU's rejection of GMO agricultural imports has raised concerns among recipients about accepting GMO foodstuffs from the United States. For the several hundred million people who at present have little choice but to rely on food aid for their daily survival, Clapp concludes, the consequences of these political differences are profound.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• 1. Anti-terrorism policy in the UK: historical trends and contemporary issues
• 2. Citizenship and security
• 3. Framing and evaluating anti-terrorism policy
• 4. The impacts of anti-terrorism on citizenship
• 5. Less, more, or otherwise (in)secure? Anti-terrorism powers and vernacular (in)securities
• 6. Framing the security/anti-terrorism nexus Conclusion Bibliography Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book explores how different publics make sense of and evaluate anti-terrorism powers within the UK, and the implications of this for citizenship and security. Drawing on primary empirical research, the book argues that whilst white individuals are not unconcerned about the effects of anti-terrorism, ethnic minority citizens (including, but not only those identifying as Muslim) believe that anti-terrorism powers have impacted negatively on their citizenship and security. This book thus offers the first systematic engagement with 'vernacular' or 'everyday' understandings of anti-terrorism policy, citizenship and security. It argues that while transformations in anti-terrorism frameworks impact on public experiences of security and citizenship, they do not do so in a uniform, homogeneous, or predictable manner. At the same time, public understandings and expectations of security and citizenship themselves shape how developments in anti-terrorism frameworks are discussed and evaluated. This important new book will be of interest to researchers and students working in a wide range of disciplines including Political Science, International Relations, Security Studies and Sociology. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Cover; Contents; Preface;
• CHAPTER 1 Introduction;
• CHAPTER 2 Ordinary Perpetrators and Modernity: The Situationist Consensus;
• CHAPTER 3 Widening Circles of Identification and Disidentification;
• CHAPTER 4 The Transformations of Violence in Human History;
• CHAPTER 5 Rwanda: Self-Destructive Destruction;
• CHAPTER 6 Genocidal Regimes and the Compartmentalization of Society;
• CHAPTER 7 The Four Modes of Mass Annihilation: Case Histories;
• CHAPTER 8 Genocidal Perpetrators and the Compartmentalization of Personality;
• CHAPTER 9 Conclusion; Notes; Bibliography; Index; A; B; C; D; E; F; G; H; I; J; K; L; M.

• NO; P; R; S; T; U; V; W; Y; Z.

An incisive exploration of why acts of mass annihilation take place and how people become mass killers By historical standards, the early years of the twenty-first century have been remarkably peaceful. Only rarely are people killed by their own kind, and only very, very rarely are they killed by other animals, microorganisms excepted. Nevertheless, even though the statistics should reassure, many people worry about lone killers, murderous gangs, and terrorist bands. At the same time, most people are vaguely aware that even in this relatively calm era, wars have made countless victims. Yet mass violence against unarmed civilians has claimed three to four times as many lives in the past century as war: one hundred million at least, and possibly many more. These large-scale killings have required the efforts of hundreds of thousands of perpetrators. Such men (and almost all were males) were ready to kill, indiscriminately, for many hours a day, for days and weeks at a stretch, and sometimes for months or even years. Unlike common criminals who work outside the mainstream of society, in secret, on their own or with a few accomplices, mass murderers almost always worked in large teams, with full knowledge of the authorities and on their orders. Without exception, they operated within a supportive social context, most often firmly embedded in the institutions of the ruling regime. Unlike terrorists, the mass murderers usually did not want their deeds to be widely known. How people are enrolled in the service of evil is a question that lies at the heart of this trenchant book. The subject here is mass annihilation-that is, massive, asymmetric violence at close range, where killers and victims are in direct confrontation. Abram de Swaan offers a taxonomy of mass violence that focuses on the rank-and-file perpetrators, examining how murderous regimes recruit them and create what De Swaan calls the "killing compartments" that make possible the worst abominations without apparent moral misgiving, without a sense of personal responsibility, and, above all, without pity. De Swaan wonders where extreme violence comes from and where it goes-seemingly without a trace-when the wild and barbaric gore is over. And what about the perpetrators themselves? Are they merely and only the product of external circumstance? Or is there something in their makeup that helps them become mass murderers? Drawing on a wide range of disciplines, including sociology, anthropology, political science, history, and psychology, De Swaan sheds light on an urgent and seemingly intractable pathology that continues to poison peoples all over the world.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgments
• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Provisional Irish Republican Army
• 3. Fatah and Black September
• 4. Al Qa'ida
• 5. The Egyptian Islamic Group
• 6. Failure in Embryonic Terrorist Groups
• 7. Terrorism and Counterintelligence Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Protecting information, identifying undercover agents, and operating clandestinely-efforts known as counterintelligence-are the primary objectives of terrorist groups evading detection by intelligence and law enforcement officials. Some strategies work well, some fail, and those tasked with tracking these groups are deeply invested in the difference. Discussing the challenges terrorist groups face as they multiply and plot international attacks, while at the same time providing a framework for decoding the strengths and weaknesses of their counterintelligence, Blake W. Mobley provides an indispensable text for the intelligence, military, homeland security, and law enforcement fields. He outlines concrete steps for improving the monitoring, disruption, and elimination of terrorist cells, primarily by exploiting their mistakes in counterintelligence. A key component of Mobley's approach is to identify and keep close watch on areas that often exhibit weakness. While some counterintelligence pathologies occur more frequently among certain terrorist groups, destructive bureaucratic tendencies, such as mistrust and paranoia, pervade all organizations. Through detailed case studies, Mobley shows how to recognize and capitalize on these shortcomings within a group's organizational structure, popular support, and controlled territory, and he describes the tradeoffs terrorist leaders make to maintain cohesion and power. He ultimately shows that no group can achieve perfect secrecy while functioning effectively and that every adaptation or new advantage supposedly attained by these groups also produces new vulnerabilities.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Iraq sanctions-regime killings
• Iraq invasion-occupation
• The Darfur wars and killings
• Bosnia and Herzegovina
• Kosovo
• Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo
• Israel: Sabra and Shatila
• Israel: The Gaza invasion of December 2008-January 2009
• Croatia's Operation Storm
• Dasht-e-Leili (Afghanistan)
• Turkey's Kurds vs. Iraq's Kurds
• Indonesia and East Timor Liquiçá
• El Salvador and Guatemala.

In this impressive book, Edward S. Herman and David Peterson examine the uses and abuses of the word "genocide." They argue persuasively that the label is highly politicized and that in the United States it is used by the government, journalists, and academics to brand as evil those nations and political movements that in one way or another interfere with the imperial interests of U.S. capitalism. Thus the word "genocide" is seldom applied when the perpetrators are U.S. allies (or even the United States itself), while it is used almost indiscriminately when murders are committed or are alleged to have been committed by enemies of the United States and U.S. business interests. One set of rules applies to cases such as U.S. aggression in Vietnam, Israeli oppression of Palestinians, Indonesian slaughter of so-called communists and the people of East Timor, U.S. bombings in Serbia and Kosovo, the U.S. war of "liberation" in Iraq, and mass murders committed by U.S. allies in Rwanda and the Republic of Congo. Another set applies to cases such as Serbian aggression in Kosovo and Bosnia, killings carried out by U.S. enemies in Rwanda and Darfur, Saddam Hussein, any and all actions by Iran, and a host of others. With its careful and voluminous documentation, close reading of the U.S. media and political and scholarly writing on the subject, and clear and incisive charts, The Politics of Genocide is both a damning condemnation and stunning expos of a deeply rooted and effective system of propaganda aimed at deceiving the population while promoting the expansion of a cruel and heartless imperial system.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Networks of Power in the Information Society
• 2. Theorizing about Cyberspace
• 3. Evolution of Blockades in Different Domains
• 4. Cyber Attacks on Estonia
• 5. The Georgia-Russia War
• 6. Comparing Cyber Blockades
• 7. Conclusion Glossary BibliographyIndex.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Cyber Blockades is the first book to examine the phenomena of blockade operations in cyberspace, large-scale attacks on infrastructure or systems that aim to prevent an entire state from sending or receiving electronic data. Cyber blockades can take place through digital, physical, and/or electromagnetic means. Blockade operations have historically been considered acts of war, thus their emergence in cyberspace has significant implications for international law and for our understanding of cyber warfare. The author defines and explains the emerging concept of "cyber blockades" and presents a unique comparison of blockade operations in five different domains-on land, at sea, in the air, in space, and in cyberspace-identifying common elements as well as important distinctions. Alison Lawlor Russell's framework for defining cyber blockades, understanding how they occur, and considering the motivations of actors who employ them is applied with in-depth analysis of the cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 and on Georgia during the 2008 Georgia-Russia War. Blockade operations have occurred in cyberspace and will doubtlessly be used again in the future, by both state and non-state actors alike, because of the unique advantages of this type of attack. This book offers recommendations for policymakers contemplating or confronted by such attacks. Cyber Blockades is also a must-read for scholars and students of security studies, terrorism, substate groups, and the future of warfare.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
Cyber Blockades is the first book to examine the phenomena of blockade operations in cyberspace, large-scale attacks on infrastructure or systems that aim to prevent an entire state from sending or receiving electronic data. The author defines and explains the emerging concept of "cyber blockades" and presents a unique comparison of blockade operations in five different domains-on land, at sea, in the air, in space, and in cyberspace-identifying common elements as well as important distinctions. Alison Lawlor Russell's framework for defining cyber blockades, understanding how they occur, and considering the motivations of actors who employ them is applied with in-depth analysis of the cyber attacks on Estonia in 2007 and on Georgia during the 2008 Georgia-Russia War. This book has significant implications for our understanding of cyber warfare and international law and is a must-read for cyber security policymakers and scholars and students of security studies, terrorism, substate groups, and the future of warfare.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction: human rights and new challenges of protecting forced migrants / David Hollenbach
• New realities of protection in a human rights framework
• Rethinking the international refugee regime in light of human rights and the global common good / Susan F. Martin
• Normative responses : religion, human rights, gender and culture
• Justice for the displaced : the challenge of a Christian understanding / Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator
• Human rights as a framework for advocacy on behalf of the displaced : the approach of the Catholic Church / Silvano Tomasi
• No easy road to freedom : engendering and enculturating forced migration / M. Brinton Lykes
• Protecting rights at the border : denial of asylum and systemic responses
• Human rights as a challenge to national policies that exclude refugees : two case studies from Southeast Asia / Frank Brennan
• Loving humanity while accepting people : a critique and a cautious affirmation of the "political" in U.S. asylum and refugee law / Daniel Kanstroom
• Closed borders, human rights, and democratic legitimation / Arash Abizadeh
• Protection in the face of conflict and war
• The experience of displacement by conflict : the plight of Iraqi refugees / Maryanne Loughry
• The ethics and policy of war in light of displacement / J. Bryan Hehir
• Reinserting never into never again : political innovations and the responsibility to protect / Thomas G. Weiss
• Protection in response to economic need and environmental crises
• Economic and environmental displacement : implications for durable solutions / Mary M. Delorey
• Refugees or economic migrants : Catholic thought on the moral roots of the distinction / Christopher Llanos.

Throughout human history people have been driven from their homes by wars, unjust treatment, earthquakes, and hurricanes. The reality of forced migration is not new, nor is awareness of the suffering of the displaced a recent discovery. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees estimates that at the end of 2007 there were 67 million persons in the world who had been forcibly displaced from their homesincluding more than 16 million people who had to flee across an international border for fear of being persecuted due to race, religion, nationality, social group, or political opinion. Driven from Home advances the discussion on how best to protect and assist the growing number of persons who have been forced from their homes and proposes a human rights framework to guide political and policy responses to forced migration. This thought-provoking volume brings together contributors from several disciplines, including international affairs, law, ethics, economics, and theology, to advocate for better responses to protect the global communityas most vulnerable citizens.".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction / Paul K. Davis and Kim Cragin
• The root causes of terrorism / Darcy M.E. Noricks
• Why and how some people become terrorists / Todd C. Helmus
• How do terrorists generate and maintain support? / Christopher Paul
• The economics of terrorism and counterterrorism : what matters and is rational-choice theory helpful? / Claude Berrebi
• Organizational decisionmaking by terrorist groups / Brian A. Jackson
• How does terrorism end? / Gaga Gvineria
• Disengagement and deradicalization : processes and programs / Darcy M.E. Noricks
• Social-science foundations for strategic communications in the Global War on Terrorism / Michael Egner
• Cross-cutting observations and some implications for policymakers / Kim Cragin
• Representing social-science knowledge analytically / Paul K. Davis
• Conclusions / Paul K. Davis and Kim Cragin.

Employs an interdisciplinary, social science approach to various counterterrorism questions, problems, and policies.

• Introduction
• 1. The 'five techniques' of interrogation and the Aden Emergency, 1963-67
• 2. Aden: Results and reactions
• 3. 'The troubles', policy-making and interrogation, 1969-71
• 4. The Government's response: Banning the 'five techniques'
• 5. The 'five techniques', intelligence and security in Northern Ireland
• 6. Basra, Iraq, September 2003
• 7. The impact of the reoccurrence of the 'five techniques' Conclusion Bibliography Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Interrogation, Intelligence and Security examines the origins and effects of a group of interrogation techniques known as the 'five techniques'. Through its in-depth analysis the book reveals how British forces came to use these controversial methods. Focusing on the British colony of Aden (1963-67), the height of 'the troubles' in Northern Ireland (1971), and the conflict in Iraq (2003), the book explores the use of hooding to restrict vision, white noise, stress positions, limited sleep and a limited diet. There are clear parallels between these three case studies and the use of controversial interrogation techniques today. Readers will be able to make informed judgements about whether, on the basis of the results of these cases, interrogation techniques that might be described as torture can be justified. This book will be of particular interest to security professionals, academics and members of the public interested in the torture debate, intelligence, the military, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, foreign policy and law enforcement. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction, by Andrew Lakoff
• 1. Beyond Calculation: A Democratic Response to Risk, by Sheila Jasanoff
• 2. Private Choices, Public Harms: The Evolution of National Disaster Organizations in the United States, by Patrick S. Roberts
• 3. Strange Brew: Private Military Contractors and Humanitarians, by P.W. Singer
• 4. Risking Health: HIV/AIDS and the Problem of Access to Essential Medicines, by Heinz Klug
• 5. Constructing Carbon Markets: Learning from Experiments in the Technopolitics of Emissions Trading Schemes, by Donald MacKenzie List of Contributors.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Government plays a critical role in mitigating individual and collective vulnerability to disaster. Through measures such as disaster relief, infrastructure development, and environmental regulation, public policy is central to making societies more resilient. However, the recent drive to replace public institutions with market mechanisms has challenged governmental efforts to manage collective risk. The contributors to this volume analyze the respective roles of the public and private sectors in the management of catastrophic risk, addressing questions such as: How should homeland security officials evaluate the risk posed by terrorist attacks and natural disasters? Are market-based interventions likely to mitigate our vulnerability to the effects of climate change? What is the appropriate relationship between non-governmental organizations and private security firms in responding to humanitarian emergencies? And how can philanthropic efforts to combat the AIDS crisis ensure ongoing access to life-saving drugs in the developing world? More generally, these essays point to the way thoughtful policy intervention can improve our capacity to withstand catastrophic events.Additional Columbia / SSRC books on the Privatization of Risk and its Implications for Americans Bailouts: Public Money, Private ProfitEdited by Robert E. Wright Health at Risk: America's Ailing Health System-and How to Heal ItEdited by Jacob S. Hacker Laid Off, Laid Low: Political and Economic Consequences of Employment InsecurityEdited by Katherine S. Newman Pensions, Social Security, and the Privatization of RiskEdited by Mitchell A. Orenstein.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 9780719074646; 9780719074646; Copyright; Contents; Tables; Abbreviations; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction; 2 A question of JHA objectives; 3 A question of objectives:police co-operation and counter terrorism; 4 A question of commonality; 5 A question of credibility: legislation, agencies and the implementation gap; 6 A question of credibility: information exchange; 7 Looking back, looking forward; Index.

This volume examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, questioning both the effectiveness and legitimacy of the EU's efforts in these two critically important security areas. Given the importance of such developments to the wider credibility of the EU as a security actor, this volume adopts a more structured analysis of key stages of the implementation process. These include the establishment of objectives, both at the wider level of internal security c.

• 9780719074646; 9780719074646; Copyright; Contents; Tables; Abbreviations; Acknowledgements; 1 Introduction; 2 A question of JHA objectives; 3 A question of objectives:police co-operation and counter terrorism; 4 A question of commonality; 5 A question of credibility: legislation, agencies and the implementation gap; 6 A question of credibility: information exchange; 7 Looking back, looking forward; Index.

This volume examines the underlying foundations on which the European Union's counter-terrorism and police co-operation policies have been built since the inception of the Treaty on European Union, questioning both the effectiveness and legitimacy of the EU's efforts in these two critically important security areas. Given the importance of such developments to the wider credibility of the EU as a security actor, this volume adopts a more structured analysis of key stages of the implementation process. These include the establishment of objectives, both at the wider level of internal security c.

• List of tables Acknowledgements Introduction
• 1. Policies and practices: international, European and national frameworks
• 2. Migration contexts, demographic and social characteristics: refugee women in Britain and France
• 3. Refugee women in Britain
• 4. Refugee women in France
• 5. Refugees, gender and citizenship in Britain and France
• 6. Refugee women and NGOs Conclusion Index
• .
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book is about the lives of refugee women in Britain and France. Who are they? Where do they come from? What happens to them when they arrive, while they wait for a decision on their claim for asylum, and after the decision, whether positive or negative? It shows how laws and processes designed to meet the needs of men fleeing political persecution often fail to protect women from persecution in their home countries and fail to meet their needs during and after the decision-making process. It portrays refugee women as resilient, resourceful and potentially active participants in British and French social, political and cultural life. It exposes the obstacles that make active participation difficult. The book is an authoritative and thorough synthesis of all available material on refugee women in Britain and France. The style is accessible and highly readable, making this an ideal book for academics, students and interested readers. -- .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• An average of six cases a year
• Who are these homegrown terrorists?
• What did they intend to do?
• No terrorist-prone personality
• The 1970s saw greater terrorist violence
• Are we doing this right?
• Recruitment will continue
• A chronology of the cases.

Between 9/11 and the end of 2009, 46 publicly reported cases of domestic radicalization and recruitment to jihadist terrorism occurred in the United States, 13 of them in 2009. Most of the would be jihadists recruited themselves into the terrorist role, assisting foreign terrorist organizations, joining jihad fronts abroad, and plotting attacks. The terrorist threat has pushed law enforcement toward prevention rather than post-event apprehension.

• Introduction
• How terrorist groups end
• Policing and Japan's Aum Shinrikyo
• Politics and the FMLN in El Salvador
• Military force and Al Qa'ida in Iraq
• The limits of America's Al Qa'ida strategy
• Ending the 'war' on terrorism.

All terrorist groups eventually end. But how? Most modern groups have ended because they joined the political process or local police and intelligence agencies arrested or killed key members. This has significant implications for dealing with al Qa'ida and suggests fundamentally rethinking post-9/11 U.S. counterterrorism strategy: Policing and intelligence, not military force, should form the backbone of U.S. efforts against al Qa'ida.

• Ch.
• 1. Introduction
• ch.
• 2. What drives al Qaeda's choice of targets?
• ch.
• 3. Hypothesis testing: quantitative and qualitative measures
• ch.
• 4. Hypothesis testing: Al Qaeda statements and expert observations
• ch.
• 5. Ramifications for al Qaeda attack planning the United States.

Governments spend billions to protect against terrorism. Might it help to understand what al Qaeda would achieve with each specific attack? This book examines various hypotheses of terrorist targeting: is it (1) to coerce, (2) to damage economies, (3) to rally the faithful, or (4) a decision left to affiliates? This book analyzes past attacks, post hoc justifications, and expert opinion to weigh each hypothesis.

• Introduction
• Assessing terrorist threats
• Terrorist groups' capabilities
• Terrorist groups as dynamic entities
• Conclusion
• Appendix: Trends in terrorist attacks.

As the war on terrorism wages on, our nation's policymakers will continue to face the challenge of assessing threats that various terrorist groups pose to the U.S. homeland and our interests abroad. In addition, the struggle against terrorism likely will be in constant competition with other U.S. international policy issues that come to the fore. As part of the RAND Corporation's yearlong "Thinking Strategically About Combating Terrorism" project, the authors of this report develop a way to assess, analyze, and prioritize the danger posed by various terrorist organizations around the world. The authors also look at how different terrorist groups adapt and change over time, emphasizing that understanding these changes may help policymakers identify terrorists' greatest vulnerabilities. Of course, the very nature of terrorism creates a difficulty in predicting new and emerging threats; however, by establishing these types of parameters, the report creates a fresh foundation of threat analysis on which future counterterrorism strategy may build.