• La justice et l'enrichissement
• Le libéralisme économique
• La question de l'obligation dans le Traité de la nature humaine
• Probabilité et certitude
• La formation du jugement moral : la sympathie et ses limites
• La justice, vertu artificielle
• La promesse comme premier remède aux inconvénients du troc
• Les règles des jeux
• Le jeu théâtral et la construction du spectateur impartial : la distanciation et la politique
• Le jeu des modèles, l'amour du système et le désir illimité de richesses
• "The vert violent attack I had made upon the whole commercial system of Great Britain"
• Le capitalisme : les effets économiques du système mercantile
• Le principe sur lequel se fonde le système mercantile
• Le système mercantile, résultat non intentionnel de l'action humaine
• Le "désir incessant d'améliorer son sort", remède (en Grande-Bretagne) au système mercantile
• Le coeur du système mercantile : l'exclusif colonial et les compagnies privilégiées
• Les effets politiques du système mercantile : la tyrannie des boutiquiers
• L'apoplexie du corps politique
• Le système de la liberté naturelle existe-t-il ? Le cas des colonies anglaises d'Amérique du Nord
• La difficile naissance de l'empire colonial
• L'intérêt de l'empire est-il l'intérêt des marchands et manufacturiers ?
• Le marché et l'accumulation du capital
• L'économie de marché : un état "primitif" des sociétés ?
• L'anonymat des rapports marchands : le langage des marchandises
• L'état primitif des sociétés est-il le stade de la chasse et de la cueillette ?
• La division du travail
• La richesse réelle et la valeur
• L'accumulation du capital
• Le capital et l'état avancé des sociétés
• La dynamique de l'accumulation du capital et la "main invisible"
• Les désordres de l'accumulation du capital
• La dépendance salariale
• Histoire du banquier, du prêteur et du faiseur de projets : la monnaie et la finance dans l'économie capitaliste.

"Les défenseurs comme les critiques du capitalisme nous présentent habituellement Adam Smith comme le fondateur d'une doctrine selon laquelle la libre compétition des intérêts individuels engendrerait spontanément le maximum de bien-être collectif. Cette idée n'est pas partagée par les spécialistes de son oeuvre car elle ne résiste pas à la critique historique. Ce livre montre notamment que la pensée d'Adam Smith a peu de rapports avec le libéralisme contemporain et que, par exemple, la fameuse "main invisible" n'y désigne pas les vertus autorégulatrices du marché. Smith est en réalité le premier auteur à proposer une analyse du capitalisme dont il découvre les trois dimensions : produit de l'histoire (la société commerciale), construction politique et intellectuelle (le système mercantile) et processus économique (l'accumulation du capital). Le capitalisme, à certaines conditions, permet l'enrichissement très inégal de tous, explique Smith, mais le système mercantile est injuste, car il est partial : il confond l'intérêt des marchands et l'intérêt général. Or, dit Smith, l'intérêt des marchands est "le plus souvent contraire" au bien commun. C'est ce que son analyse économique cherche à prouver. Le système mercantile est aussi responsable de la construction par la Grande-Bretagne d'un vaste empire colonial qui met en péril son régime constitutionnel remarquable hérité de la révolution de 1688 et qui risque de conduire à de nouvelles tyrannies. Quelles institutions permettront de tirer avantage du capitalisme en préservant la société des désastres que nourrit la logique mercantile ? Telle est la question ultime de Smith, dont l'oeuvre ainsi resituée dans son contexte originel s'avère d'une étonnante actualité."--Page 4 of cover.

• Introduction: Anthropological, theoretical, and historical contexts of removal / Terrance Weik
• "We can fly no farther": colonialism and displacement among the Piscataway of Southern Maryland / Alex J. Flick and Julia A. King
• Mapping Chickasaw removal / Terrance Weik
• Whitewashing an African American landscape: the impact of industrial capitalism on the removal of rural people / Stefan Woehlke and Matthew Reeves
• Worth(less): value and destruction in a nineteenth- and twentieth-century quarry town / Adam Fracchia
• Removal and remembering: archaeology and the legacies of displacement in Southern Appalachia / Audrey Horning
• Creating a community in confinement: the development of neighborhoods in Amache, a World War II Japanese-American internment camp / April Kamp-Whittaker and Bonnie J. Clark
• Topographies of removal: rethinking the archaeology of prisons / Maria Theresia Starzmann
• The Janus face of removal / Charles E. Orser.

This edited volume brings together people seeking to understand what happens when human beings are forced out of their homes, and away from their usual places of work, play, worship, and well being. It illustrates how archaeologists are situated among the anthropologists and other scholars who are investigating the catalysts, dynamics, and meanings of removal.

A timely and incisive look at austerity measures that succeed "and those that don (TM)t Fiscal austerity is hugely controversial. Opponents argue that it can trigger downward growth spirals and become self-defeating. Supporters argue that budget deficits have to be tackled aggressively at all times and at all costs. In this masterful book, three of today (TM)s leading policy experts cut through the political noise to demonstrate that there is not one type of austerity but many. Looking at thousands of fiscal measures adopted by sixteen advanced economies since the late 1970s, Austerity assesses the relative effectiveness of tax increases and spending cuts at reducing debt. It shows that spending cuts have much smaller costs in terms of output losses than tax increases. Spending cuts can sometimes be associated with output gains in the case of expansionary austerity and are much more successful than tax increases at reducing the growth of debt. The authors also show that austerity is not necessarily the kiss of death for political careers as is often believed, and provide new insights into the recent cases of European austerity after the financial crisis. Bringing needed clarity to one of today (TM)s most challenging subjects, Austerity charts a sensible approach based on data analysis rather than ideology.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction and background--
• 2. Carl Menger and the structure of production--
• 3. Boehm-Bawerk's labor arithmetic--
• 4. Austrian capital theory (ACT) and Austrian business cycle theory (ABCT)--
• 5. Hayek's capital theory--
• 6. Ludwig Lachmann's kaleidic world of capital heterogeneity--
• 7. Ludwig von Mises's 'capital from a financial perspective'--
• 8. Capital in the aggregate production function--
• 9. Capital in a simple financial framework--
• 10. Conclusion - the entrepreneur adds value by capitalizing resources.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This Element presents a new framework for Austrian capital theory, starting from the notion that capital is value. Capital is the value attributed by the valuer at any moment in time to the combination of production-goods and labor available for production. Capital is the result obtained by calculating the current value of a business-unit or business-project that employs resources over time. It is the result of a (subjective) entrepreneurial calculation process that relates the flow of consumptions goods to the value of the productive resources that will produce those consumptions goods. The entrepreneur is a ubiquitous calculating presence. In a review of the development of Austrian capital theory, by Carl Menger, Eugen von Boehm-Bawerk, Ludwig von Mises, Friedrich Hayek, Ludwig Lachmann as well as recent contributions, the Element incorporates the seminal contributions into the new framework in order to provide a more accessible perspective on Austrian capital theory.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements Note on Transliteration and Translation Introduction
• 1. Mente: Consumer Grievances
• 2. "Needs, " Rights, and Protection
• 3. Consumer Activism?
• 4. Consumption as Civic Engagement
• 5. Consumer Politics after State Socialism Epilogue: "Enough is Enough."--The Moral Commitment of the State Appendix. Notes on Fieldwork: An East Asian Ethnographer in Eastern Europe Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Balkan Blues explores how a state transitions from the collectivized production and distribution of socialism to the consumer-focused culture of capitalism. Yuson Jung considers the state as an economic agent in upholding rights and responsibilities in the shift to a global market. Taking Bulgaria as her focus, Jung shows how impoverished Bulgarians developed a consumer-oriented society and how the concept of "need" adapted in surprising ways to accommodate this new culture. Different legal frameworks arose to ensure the rights of vulnerable or deceived consumers. Consumer advocacy NGOs and government officers scrambled to navigate unfamiliar EU-imposed models for consumer affairs departments. All of these changes involved issues of responsibility, accountability, and civic engagement, which brought Bulgarians new ways of viewing both their identities and their sense of agency. Yet these opportunities also raised questions of inequality, injustice, and social stratification. Jung's study provides a compelling argument for reconsidering of the role of the state in the construction of 21st-century consumer cultures.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Example: Mortality Rates for Maori
• Our Approach to Demographic Estimation and Forecasting
• Outline of the Rest of the Book
• References and Further Reading
• Demographic Foundations
• Demographic Foundations
• References and Further Reading
• Demographic Individuals
• Attributes
• Events
• The Lexis Diagram
• Twelve Fictitious Individuals
• References and Further Reading
• Demographic Arrays
• Population Counts
• Death Counts
• Movements
• Alternative Representations of Changing Statuses
• Non-Demographic Events
• Exposure
• Age, Period, and Cohort
• Rates, Proportions, Means, and Ratios
• Super-Population and Finite-Population Quantities
• Collapsing Dimensions
• References and Further Reading
• Demographic Accounts
• Demographic Systems
• Demographic Accounts
• An Account with No Region and No Age
• An Account with Region but Not Age
• An Account with Age But Not Region
• Movements Accounts and Transitions Accounts*
• Mathematical Description of the Demographic Accounting Identities*
• References and Further Reading
• Demographic Data
• Traditional Data Sources
• New Data Sources
• Data Quality and Model Choice
• References and Further Reading
• 3. Bayesian Foundations
• Bayesian Foundations
• Bayesian Statistics
• The Features of a Bayesian Data Analysis
• References and Further Reading
• Bayesian Model Specification
• Using Probability Distributions to Quantify Uncertainty
• Posterior as Compromise Between Likelihood and Prior
• Standard Probability Distributions
• Poisson Distribution
• Binomial Distribution
• Normal Distribution
• Half-t Distribution
• Exchangeability
• Partial Exchangeability
• Exchangeability within Groups
• Exchangeable Residuals
• Exchangeable Increments
• Pooling Information
• Hierarchy
• Incorporating External Information
• Priors
• Covariates
• Embedding the Model in a Larger Model
• References and Further Reading
• Bayesian Inference and Model Checking
• Computation
• Summarizing the Posterior Distribution
• Summary Measures
• Calculating Posterior Summaries
• Derived Distributions
• Posterior Distribution for Derived Quantities
• Posterior Predictive Distribution
• Missing Data
• Forecasting
• Model Checking
• Responsible Modellers Check and Revise their Models
• Held back Data
• Replicate Data
• *Simulation and Calibration
• References and Further Reading
• Inferring Arrays from Reliable Data
• Inferring Demographic Arrays from Reliable Data
• Summary of the Framework of Part III
• Applications
• References and Further Reading
• Infant Mortality in Sweden
• The Infant Mortality Rate
• Modelling Infant Mortality Rates in Swedish Counties
• Model
• Likelihood
• Model for Underlying Infant Mortality Rates
• Prior for the Region Effect
• Prior for Time Effect
• Prior for Intercept
• Prior for Standard Deviation
• Summary
• Results
• Infant Mortality Rates
• Intercept, Region Effects, and Time Effects
• Prior for Time Effect
• Standard Deviations
• Model Checking
• Model Predictions versus Direct Estimates
• Regional Variation in Slopes
• Summarizing Results via Probabilities
• Forecasting
• Constructing the Forecasts
• Results: Exploding Credible Intervals for Forecasting
• A Partial Solution
• References and Further Reading
• Life Expectancy in Portugal
• Mortality Rates
• The Log Function
• Life Expectancy
• Age, Sex, and Time Effects
• Interactions
• Models
• Likelihood
• Model for Mortality Rates
• Prior for Age Effect
• Prior for Time Effect
• Prior for Age-Time Interaction
• Prior for Sex-Time Interaction
• Priors for Other Terms
• Summary
• Model Choice Using Heldback Data
• Estimating and Forecasting with the Baseline and Alternative
• Models
• Comparing the Forecasts with the Heldback Data
• Results
• Forecasting of Life Expectancy for -
• *Obtaining Forecasts of Life Expectancy
• References and Further Reading
• Health Expenditure in the Netherlands
• A Simple Expenditure Projection
• Expenditure Projections for the Netherlands
• A Statistical Model for Per Capita Expenditures
• Model Checking via Replicate Data
• Revised Expenditure Projections
• Forecasting Policy Outcomes
• References and Further Reading
• Inferring Arrays from Unreliable Data
• Inferring Demographic Arrays from Unreliable Data
• Summary of the Framework
• Data Models
• Applications
• References and Further Reading
• Internal Migration in Iceland
• Internal Migration in Iceland
• Continentalization by Random Rounding to Base Three
• Overview of Model
• System Model
• Data Model
• Estimation
• Results for Unconfidentialized Migration Counts
• Results for Migration Rates
• Forecasting
• References and Further Reading
• Fertility in Cambodia
• Data
• Overview of Model
• System Model
• Data Models
• Census
• Demographic and Health Survey
• Results
• Revised Model
• Final Model
• References and Further Reading
• Inferring Accounts
• Inferring Demographic Accounts
• Summary of Our Approach
• Applications
• The Role of Demographic Accounts in Official Statistical Systems
• References and Further Reading
• Population in New Zealand
• Input Data for the National Demographic Account
• Model for National Demographic Account
• Overview
• Account
• System Models
• Data Models
• Estimation
• Results for the National Demographic Account
• Sensitivity Tests for the National Demographic Account
• Input Data for the Regional Demographic Account
• Model for the Regional Demographic Account
• System Models
• xii Contents
• Data Models
• Results for the Regional Demographic Account
• References and Further Reading
• Population in China
• Input Data
• Model
• Overview
• Account
• System Models
• Data Models
• Estimation and Forecasting
• Results
• References and Further Reading
• Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Bayesian Demographic Estimation and Forecasting presents three statistical frameworks for modern demographic estimation and forecasting. The frameworks draw on recent advances in statistical methodology to provide new tools for tackling challenges such as disaggregation, measurement error, missing data, and combining multiple data sources. The methods apply to single demographic series, or to entire demographic systems. The methods unify estimation and forecasting, and yield detailed measures of uncertainty. The book assumes minimal knowledge of statistics, and no previous knowledge of demography. The authors have developed a set of R packages implementing the methods. Data and code for all applications in the book are available on www.bdef-book.com. "This book will be welcome for the scientific community of forecasters...as it presents a new approach which has already given important results and which, in my opinion, will increase its importance in the future." ~Daniel Courgeau, Institut national d'etudes demographiques.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction : L'autre Benjamin Constant
• "Le commerce et l'industrie ont changé la face du monde"
• Jean-Baptiste Say et Benjamin Constant frères d'armes dans le combat libéral
• La profession de foi de Benjamin Constant : "Liberté en tout"
• La tendance vers l'égalité constitue la perfectibilité de l'espèce humaine
• La pacification par les échanges
• La propriété et la liberté : "Voilà ce qu'il faut"
• De l'agriculture à l'industrie
• Une nouvelle propriété qui libère et protège l'individu
• Pour l'industrie mais contre "le papisme industriel"
• L'Etat : plutôt garant que gérant
• L'intervention de l'Etat dans l'économie est source d'arbitraire et de pertes
• L'impôt doit porter sur les revenus, jamais sur le capital
• L'excès des lois mène au despotisme
• "Le budget est l'arme du peuple contre les abus"
• Les dettes publiques : un mal inévitable
• Transparence des comptes publics : dans le sillage de Necker
• Population : Constant contre Malthus
• Benjamin Constant et la question sociale
• Prêt à intérêt : dans la lignée de Turgot et de Bentham
• L'innovation est libératrice
• Défense et éloge de la classe industrieuse "centre des lumières pratiques"
• Conclusion : Ne pas dissoudre l'humain dans l'économique
• Biographie commentée de Benjamin Constant.

"Connu d'un large public surtout pour son roman Adolphe, "un petit livre de durée qui traverse les âges sans ride ni poussière" selon Albert Thibaudet, Benjamin Constant est aussi, juste après Turgot et Condorcet et avant Tocqueville, l'un des grands penseurs politiques de l'école libérale française. Cela dit, il existe aussi un autre Benjamin Constant, moins connu que le romancier ou le constitutionnaliste, mais tout aussi important, c'est le Benjamin Constant économiste. Il est le sujet de ce livre. Benjamin Constant a connu des économistes, lu des économistes, médité, approuvé ou critiqué des économistes. Très jeune, en Ecosse, il rencontre Adam Smith. À Paris, en 1800, il siège au Tribunat de Bonaparte à côté du futur économiste Jean-Baptiste Say. En Suisse, à Coppet, dans la constellation des intellectuels qui gravitent autour de Germaine de Staël, il a de longs entretiens avec Necker. À Coppet encore, il rencontre souvent Sismondi. Rien de surprenant si dans ses discours de parlementaire ou dans son oeuvre d'écrivain politique, il a largement participé, et avec éclat, à l'élaboration des traits fondamentaux du libéralisme économique. Un libéralisme qui, selon lui, doit viser à concilier l'efficacité dans la production des richesses avec l'égalité et la justice dans leur répartition. Une telle ambition n'est-elle pas encore et toujours d'actualité ?"--Page 4 of cover.

A history of major financial crises-and how taxpayers have been left with the bill In the 1930s, battered and humbled by the Great Depression, the U.S. financial sector struck a grand bargain with the federal government. Bankers gained a safety net in exchange for certain curbs on their freedom: transparency rules, record-keeping and antifraud measures, and fiduciary responsibilities. Despite subsequent periodic changes in these regulations, the underlying bargain played a major role in preserving the stability of the financial markets as well as the larger economy. By the free-market era of the 1980s and 90s, however, Wall Street argued that rules embodied in New Deal-era regulations to protect consumers and ultimately taxpayers were no longer needed-and government agreed. This engaging history documents the country's financial crises, focusing on those of the 1920s, the 1980s, and the 2000s, and reveals how the two more recent crises arose from the neglect of this fundamental bargain, and how taxpayers have been left with the bill.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Method and Data
• 3. Empirical Results
• 4. Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Throughout the history of economic thought, interest in business cycles and economic crises has sometimes been observed to rise during times of crises, recessions and depressions. However, the treatment of this topic in the literature has generally been merely anecdotal. This book presents a bibliometric and econometric analysis of the development of business cycle and crises theory and its connection to economic developments, particularly since the early 20th century. The book explores the connection between economic development and the literature, utilising systematic bibliometric and rigorous econometric methods and drawing its data from a wide range of sources. This volume provides quantitative answers to questions which have not previously been subject to a precise and comprehensive empirical analysis. This book will be of great interest to historians of economic thought for its novel treatment of a much-discussed topic, and its well-founded and transparent results.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements
• Introduction. Foundations of Direct Democracy and A New Solidarity Contract
• 1. On the Priority of Wage Labor
• 2. Robert Owen and Utopian Thought
• 3. A Democratic Capitalism? Ricardian Socialism and Beyond
• 4. Marx's Critique of Political Economy and Class Analysis
• 5. The Conundrum of Marx's Theory of Value
• 6. A Moral Theory of Justice and A Democratic Economy
• Conclusion: Against Capital: Unruly Democracy and Popular Economics
• References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

While there are signs of recovery from recent economic collapses, relatively few protective measures are in place in the United States to prevent future crises and widespread destruction of livelihoods around the globe. This book, a follow-up and further development of Martin's and Torres' ideas in their acclaimed Savage State: Welfare Capitalism and Inequality, contains a synthesis and critique of economic theory with historical case studies and new discourse on American globalism and its failures to provide for the economic security of millions of people. Since the original publication over ten years ago, there has been a resurgence in radical political economy and critical theory. Instead of "demonizing" the market, Capitalism and Critique draws lessons from the new directions in social theory and seeks clear solutions for future modes of capitalism.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

A vivid look at how India has developed the idea of entrepreneurial citizens as leaders mobilizing society and how people try to live that promise Can entrepreneurs develop a nation, serve the poor, and pursue creative freedom, all while generating economic value? In Chasing Innovation, Lilly Irani shows the contradictions that arise as designers, engineers, and businesspeople frame development and governance as opportunities to innovate. Irani documents the rise of "entrepreneurial citizenship" in India over the past seventy years, demonstrating how a global ethos of development through design has come to shape state policy, economic investment, and the middle class in one of the world's fastest-growing nations. Drawing on her own professional experience as a Silicon Valley designer and nearly a decade of fieldwork following a Delhi design studio, Irani vividly chronicles the practices and mindsets that hold up professional design as the answer to the challenges of a country of more than one billion people, most of whom are poor. While discussions of entrepreneurial citizenship promise that Indian children can grow up to lead a nation aspiring to uplift the poor, in reality, social, economic, and political structures constrain whose enterprise, which hopes, and which needs can be seen as worthy of investment. In the process, Irani warns, powerful investors, philanthropies, and companies exploit citizens' social relations, empathy, and political hope in the quest to generate economic value. Irani argues that the move to recast social change as innovation, with innovators as heroes, frames others--craftspeople, workers, and activists--as of lower value, or even dangers to entrepreneurial forms of development. With meticulous historical context and compelling stories, Chasing Innovation lays bare how long-standing power hierarchies such as class, caste, language, and colonialism continue to shape opportunity in a world where good ideas supposedly rule all.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• Empire of law
• Coding land
• Cloning legal persons
• Minting debt
• Enclosing nature's code
• A code for the globe
• The masters of the code
• A new code?
• Capital rules by law.

A compelling explanation of how the law shapes the distribution of wealth Capital is the defining feature of modern economies, yet most people have no idea where it actually comes from. What is it, exactly, that transforms mere wealth into an asset that automatically creates more wealth? The Code of Capital explains how capital is created behind closed doors in the offices of private attorneys, and why this little-known fact is one of the biggest reasons for the widening wealth gap between the holders of capital and everybody else. In this revealing book, Katharina Pistor argues that the law selectively "codes" certain assets, endowing them with the capacity to protect and produce private wealth. With the right legal coding, any object, claim, or idea can be turned into capital-and lawyers are the keepers of the code. Pistor describes how they pick and choose among different legal systems and legal devices for the ones that best serve their clients' needs, and how techniques that were first perfected centuries ago to code landholdings as capital are being used today to code stocks, bonds, ideas, and even expectations-assets that exist only in law. A powerful new way of thinking about one of the most pernicious problems of our time, The Code of Capital explores the different ways that debt, complex financial products, and other assets are coded to give financial advantage to their holders. This provocative book paints a troubling portrait of the pervasive global nature of the code, the people who shape it, and the governments that enforce it.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• List of Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction
• 1 * The Rise of the Anglo Fantasy Past Mobility, Memory, and Racial Hierarchies in Inland Southern California, 1870-1900
• 2 * On the Move and Fixed in Place Japanese Immigrants in the Multiracial Citrus Belt, 1882-1920
• 3 * From Mexican Settlers to Mexican Birds of Passage Relational Racial Formation, Citrus Labor, and Immigration Policy, 1914-1930
• 4 * "Del Fotingo Que Era Mio" Mexican and Dust Bowl Drivers in Metropolitan Los Angeles, 1930-1945
• 5 * From Citrus Belt to Inland Empire Mobility vs. Retrenchment, 1945-1970 Conclusion The Reemergence of the Anglo Fantasy Past Notes Bibliography Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

There are few places where mobility has shaped identity as widely as the American West, but some locations and populations sit at its major crossroads, maintaining control over place and mobility, labor and race. In Collisions at the Crossroads, Genevieve Carpio argues that mobility, both permission to move freely and prohibitions on movement, helped shape racial formation in the eastern suburbs of Los Angeles and the Inland Empire throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. By examining policies and forces as different as historical societies, Indian boarding schools, bicycle ordinances, immigration policy, incarceration, traffic checkpoints, and Route 66 heritage, she shows how local authorities constructed a racial hierarchy by allowing some people to move freely while placing limits on the mobility of others. Highlighting the ways people of color have negotiated their place within these systems, Carpio reveals a compelling and perceptive analysis of spatial mobility through physical movement and residence.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword
• Acknowledgement
• 1. Introduction
• 2. An Outline of the Data Economy
• 3. The Search for Data
• 4. The Analysis of Data
• 5. The Legal Contours of the Data Economy
• 6. Redefining the Data Economy
• 7. Implications for the Future
• Selected Bibliography
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"The data economy" is a term used by many, but properly understood by few. Even more so the concept of "big data". Both terms embody the notion of a digital world in which many transactions and data flows animate a virtual space. This is the unseen world in which technology has become the master, with the hand of the human less visible. In fact, however, it is human interaction in and around technology that makes data so pervasive and important - the ability of the human mind to extract, manipulate and shape data that gives meaning to it. This book outlines the findings and conclusions of a multidisciplinary team of data scientists, lawyers, and economists tasked with studying both the possibilities of exploiting the rich data sets made available from many human-technology interactions and the practical and legal limitations of trying to do so. It revolves around a core case study of Singapore's public transport system, using data from both the private company operating the contactless payment system (EZ-Link) and the government agency responsible for public transport infrastructure (Land Transport Authority). In analysing both the possibilities and the limitations of these data sets, the authors propose policy recommendations in terms of both the uses of large data sets and the legislation necessary to enable these uses while protecting the privacy of users.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction.-
• 1. Introduction to African Digital Entrepreneurship-- Nasiru D. Taura, Elvira Bolat and Nnamdi O. Madichie.-
• 2. Innovation Hubs in Africa: What Do They Really Do for Digital Entrepreneurs?-- Nicolas Friederici.-
• 3. Renegotiating Legitimacy in the Digital Age: Insights from Nigeria-- Nasiru D. Taura, Obiajulu Christopher Ede and Oladokun Ogunniyi.-
• 4. The African New Media Digital Revolution: Selected Cases from Nigeria-- Elvira Bolat.-
• 5. The Impact of New Media (Digital) and Globalisation on Nollywood-- Nnamdi O. Madichie, Dele O. Ajakaiye and Vanessa Ratten.-
• 6. Shifting Cultural Capital: Kenyan Arts in Digital Spaces-- Paula Callus.- Part V. Inclusive Technology: Gender Inequality, Poverty and Digital Ecosystems.-
• 7. Technopreneurship: A Discursive Analysis of the Impact of Technology on the Success of Women Entrepreneurs in South Africa-- Bridget Irene.-
• 8. The Nature of Corporate Digital Agricultural Entrepreneurship in Ghana-- George Acheampong.-
• 9. Agri-tech Opportunities at the Bottom of the Pyramid: How Big Is the Opportunity and How Little Has Been Exploited? Selected Cases from Nigeria-- Ali Mihammad Garba.-10. What Next for Digital Entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa?-- Nnamdi O. Madichie, Nasiru D. Taura and Elvira Bolat.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This pioneering collection seeks to understand why and how some digital enterprises in Africa progress while others firms either stagnate or regress. Using a range of detailed case studies, it addresses the challenges and barriers that are in place and how some outstanding digital firms deal with operating in a hostile business environment. While digital platforms have created equal access for small businesses, many digital entrepreneurs in Africa continue to struggle with local environments replete with corruption, and other economic inefficiencies. The contributions move the debate forward by addressing the challenges, opportunities, and prospects of digital enterprise in Africa. Placing special emphasis on how African new entrant digital firms are shaping the landscape and forging a new beginning for Africa, this book offers entrepreneurial perspectives to both researchers and policy-makers seeking to support and stimulate entrepreneurship in the new era.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Acknowledgements Introduction: Working with a "New" Marcuse
• Chapter 1. The Necessity of a New World System Today: Racial Equality, Women's Equality, Liberation of Labor, Restoration of Nature, Leisure, Abundance, and Peace
• Chapter 2. The Trajectory of Marcuse's Philosophy
• Chapter 3. The Activist Political Legacy of One-Dimensional Man
• Chapter 4. A Foundation for Ethics in Commonwealth Labor
• Chapter 5. Dialectics Rising: Science, Philosophy, Marxism, Marcuse
• Chapter 6. What Makes Critical Theory Critical? Reclaiming the Critique of Commodity Fetishism
• Chapter 7. Ecology and Revolution Epilogue Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A timely addition to Henry Giroux's Critical Interventions series, Ecology and Revolution is grounded in the Frankfurt School critical theory of Herbert Marcuse. Its task is to understand the economic architecture of wealth extraction that undergirds today's intensifying inequalities of class, race, and gender, within a revolutionary ecological frame. Relying on newly discovered texts from the Frankfurt Marcuse Archive, this book builds theory and practice for an alternate world system. Ecology and radical political economy, as critical forms of systems analysis, show that an alternative world system is essential - both possible and feasible - despite political forces against it. Our rights to a commonwealth economy, politics, and culture reside in our commonworks as we express ourselves as artisans of the common good. It is in this context, that Charles Reitz develops a GreenCommonWealth Counter-Offensive, a strategy for revolutionary ecological liberation with core features of racial equality, women's equality, liberation of labor, restoration of nature, leisure, abundance, and peace.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Introduction-- 1.1. Concepts of stochastic dominance-- 1.2. Applications of stochastic dominance-- 1.3. Outline of subsequent chapters--
• 2. Tests of stochastic dominance: basic results-- 2.1. Introduction-- 2.2. Null of dominance against non-dominance-- 2.3. Null of non-dominance against dominance-- 2.4. Null of equality against dominance-- 2.5. Empirical examples--
• 3. Tests of stochastic dominance: further results-- 3.1. SD tests with improved power-- 3.2. Program evaluation and stochastic dominance-- 3.3. Some issues of SD tests-- 3.4. Empirical examples--
• 4. Stochastic dominance with covariates-- 4.1. Introduction-- 4.2. Conditional stochastic dominance at fixed values of covariates-- 4.3. Conditional stochastic dominance at all values of covariates-- 4.4. Stochastic monotonicity-- 4.5. Empirical examples--
• 5. Extensions of stochastic dominance-- 5.1. Multivariate stochastic dominance-- 5.2. Analysis of economic inequality and poverty-- 5.3. Analysis of portfolio choice problems-- 5.4. Weaker notions of stochastic dominance-- 5.5. Related concepts of stochastic dominance--
• 6. Some further topics-- 6.1. Distributional overlap measure-- 6.2. Generalized functional inequalities-- 6.3. Distributions with measurement errors-- 6.4. SD tests with many covariates-- 6.5. Robust forecasting comparisons--
• 7. Conclusions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book offers an up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of stochastic dominance and its related concepts in a unified framework. A method for ordering probability distributions, stochastic dominance has grown in importance recently as a way to measure comparisons in welfare economics, inequality studies, health economics, insurance wages, and trade patterns. Whang pays particular attention to inferential methods and applications, citing and summarizing various empirical studies in order to relate the econometric methods with real applications and using computer codes to enable the practical implementation of these methods. Intuitive explanations throughout the book ensure that readers understand the basic technical tools of stochastic dominance.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)