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One hundred and fifty years of sustained archaeological investigation has yielded a more complete picture of the ancient Near East. The Old Testament in Archaeology and History combines the most significant of these archaeological findings with those of modern historical and literary analysis of the Bible to recount the history of ancient Israel and its neighboring nations and empires.Eighteen international authorities contribute chapters to this introductory volume. After exploring the history of modern archaeological research in the Near East and the evolution of "biblical archaeology" as a discipline, this textbook follows the Old Testament's general chronological order, covering such key aspects as the exodus from Egypt, Israel's settlement in Canaan, the rise of the monarchy under David and Solomon, the period of the two kingdoms and their encounters with Assyrian power, the kingdoms' ultimate demise, the exile of Judahites to Babylonia, and the Judahites' return to Jerusalem under the Persians along with the advent of "Jewish" identity.Each chapter is tailored for an audience new to the history of ancient Israel in its biblical and ancient Near Eastern setting.The end result is an introduction to ancient Israel combined with and illuminated by more than a century of archaeological research. The volume brings together the strongest results of modern research into the biblical text and narrative with archaeological and historical analysis to create an understanding of ancient Israel as a political and religious entity based on the broadest foundation of evidence. This combination of literary and archaeological data provides new insights into the complex reality experienced by the peoples reflected in the biblical narratives.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• SECTION I
• 1. The Aramaic Targumim: Translation and Interpretation
• 2. Converse Translation: A Targumic Technique
• 3. The Preposition ("Before"): A Pseudo-Anti-Anthropomorphism in the Targums
• 4. Palestinian Targum and Synagogue Mosaics
• 5. The Translation of Anthropomorphisms and Anthropopathisms in the Targumim
• 6. Associative and Complementary Translation in the Targumim
• SECTION II
• 7. A Fragment-Targum of Onqelos from the Cairo Genizah
• 8. Serugin (Shorthand) of Onqelos from the Cairo Genizah
• 9. New Fragments of Palestinian Targum from the Cairo Genizah
• . 10 Complementary Fragments from the Cairo Genizah
• 11. The Targumic Tosefta to Exodus 15:2
• 12. New Fragments of Targum to Esther from the Cairo Genizah
• 13. Introductory Poems (R'shuyot) to the Targum of the Haftarah in Praise of Jonathan Ben Uzziel
• SECTION III
• 14. Four Notes on the Triennial Lectionary Cycle
• 15. Not to be Translated in Public
• 16. Text and Vorlage in Neofiti I
• 17. Deut 31:7:
• or ?
• 18. The Notation of Parasot in MS Neofiti I
• 19. Notes on the Printed Edition of MS Neofiti I
• 20. Elias Levita and MS Neofiti I
• 21. The Messiah "That Leadeth Upon a Cloud, " in the Fragment-Targum to the Pentateuch?
• 22. An Updated Bibliography of Manuscripts and Editions of Palestinian Targum to the Pentateuch From the Cairo Genizah Afterword, Stefan Reif Bibliography of Michael L. Klein.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

During his life, Michael Klein played a key role in helping establish the foundation for the modern study of the Targums. He was known for his thorough studies of targumic translation techniques and for his editions of the Fragment Targums and the Cairo Geniza fragments of Palestinian Targums. This collection of his essays brings together some of his writings on translation technique and studies on the Cairo Geniza material on Targums Onqelos and Jonathan, as well as the Writings. Essays on the Palestinian Targums feature as well, with studies of Targum Neofiti and Geniza discoveries that occurred after his edition. It begins with a Foreward by Avigdor Shinan and Rimon Kasher and ends with a personal tribute by Stefan Reif.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Defining Targum
• The seven rules of Targum
• Rabbinic literature
• Pentateuchal Targums : the basics
• The sources of the Palestinian Targums
• Targum Onqelos and the Targums of Israel
• The pentateuchal Targums in rabbinic literature
• Dating the Targums of israel
• Targum Jonathan of the Prophets : its development as revealed by the Targum of Isaiah
• Targum Jonathan : Former and Latter Prophets
• Targums to the Writings
• Aramaic in Judaism
• Targums and translation in the history of rabbinic literature
• Targum as scripture and hidden interpretation
• Ancient scripture translations
• Comparing the Targums and the New Testament
• The Aramaic retroversion of Jesus sayings
• Typologies of Memra and the Fourth Gospel
• Genesis in the Targumim and in early Jewish and Christian interpretation
• Beyond the rabbinic world.

The value and significance of the targums --translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic, the language of Palestinian Jews for centuries following the Babylonian Exile--lie in their approach to translation: within a typically literal rendering of a text, they incorporate extensive exegetical material, additions, and paraphrases. These alterations reveal important information about Second Temple Judaism, its interpretation of its bible, and its beliefs. This remarkable survey introduces critical knowledge and insights that have emerged over the past forty years, including targum manuscripts discovered this century and targums known in Aramaic but only recently translated into English. Prolific scholars Flesher and Chilton guide readers in understanding the development of the targums, their relationship to the Hebrew Bible, their dates, their language, their place in the history of Christianity and Judaism, and their theologies and methods of interpretation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Section I: Getting Started
• 1 Introduction
• 2 Defining Targum
• 3 The Seven Rules of Targum
• 4 Rabbinic Literature
• Section II: The Pentateuchal Targums
• 5 Pentateuchal Targums: The Basics
• 6 Sources of the Palestinian Targums
• 7 Targum Onqelos and the Targums of Israel
• 8 The Pentateuchal Targums in Rabbinic Literature
• 9 Dating the Targums of Israel
• Section III: The Targums of the Prophets and the Writings
• 10 Targum Jonathan of the Prophets: Its Development as Revealed by the Targum of Isaiah
• 11 Targum Jonathan: Former and Latter Prophets
• 12 Targums to the Writings
• Section IV: The Targums in Late-Antique Judaism
• 13 Aramaic in Judaism
• 14 Targums and Translation in the History of Rabbinic Literature
• 15 Targum as Scripture and Hidden Interpretation
• 16 Ancient Scripture Translations
• Section V: The Targums and Early Christianity
• 17 Comparing the Targums and the New Testament
• 18 The Aramaic Retroversion of Jesus Sayings
• 19 The Fourth Gospel and Targumic Memra
• Section VI: Conclusions and Prospects
• 20 Genesis 22 in the Targumim and in Early Jewish and Christian Interpretation
• 21 Targums in the Rabbinic World and Beyond Appendix A: The Parallel Expansions of Genesis 28-50 Appendix B: A Guide to Babylonian Pointing Glossary 501 Bibliography 511 Index 541.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This remarkable survey introduces critical knowledge and insights that have emerged over the past forty years, including targum manuscripts discovered this century and targums known in Aramaic but only recently translated into English. Prolific scholars Flesher and Chilton guide readers in understanding the development of the targums; their relationship to the Hebrew Bible; their dates, language, and place in the history of Christianity and Judaism; and their theologies and methods of interpretation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part 1 Origins and chronology: ancient synagogues - problems and perspectives, D. Urman-- Palestinian synagogues before 70 AD - a review of the evidence, P. Flesher-- on the archeological origins of the ancient Galilean synagogoues - a reconsideration, Y. Tsafrir-- the chronology of the Galilean synagogues, D. Groh.
• Part 2 Synagoguess in the Diaspora: the Diaspora synagogue - archeological and epigraphical evidence since Sukenik, T. Kraabel-- the Diaspora synagogues, L. Michael White-- synagogues in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt as community centres, A. Kasher-- synagogues in Talmudic Babylonia - traditions and reality, I. Gafni-- synagogues with a historic association in Talmudic Babylonia, A. Oppenheimer-- religion and art at the Dura Europas synagogue, P. Flesher.
• Part 3 Synagogue functions: the synagogue and Beth Ha-Midrash - are they one and the same?, D. Urman-- Bet Keneset, Bet Midrash and Bet Din in the system of the Mishnah, P. Flesher-- communal functions of the synagogue in Eretz-Israel during the Mishnaic and Talmudic periods, Z. Safrai-- synagogues and ritual bath during the second temple and the period of the Mishnah and Talmud, R. Reich-- ambiguity in ancient synagogues - chancel screens and sacred space, J. Branham.
• Part 4 Sites and findings: synagogue structures in Southern Judea and the Hebron mountains, D. Amit-- synagogue structures in the Bet Shean Valley, V. Tzaferis-- synagogue structures in Ramat Issachar, Z. Gal-- synagogue structures in the Galilee and the Golan, D. Urman-- the synagogue and the study-hall at Meroth, Z. Ilan-- the synagogue at Hirbet-Sumaqa on Mount Carmel, S. Dar-- the mosaics of Gaza in antiquity, A. Ovadiah-- article on ancient synagogue mosaics, A. Ovadiah.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The origins of the synagogue remain shrouded in mystery and its development in its early centuries is only slightly better understood. This text brings together over 20 essays from Israeli, British and American scholars to explore the development of the ancient synagogue. Combining original articles with the best of earlier studies - including nine articles translated from Hebrew for the first time - this collection presents a critical picture of the early synagogue and the scholarly discussions surrounding it. This book focuses on two central questions. First, what were the origins of the earliest synagogues, and where did they achieve the greatest growth in the early centuries? Second, what role did the early synagogue play within the Jewish community?
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
The origins of the synagogue remain shrouded in mystery, and little is known about its development in its early centuries. This book brings together over 20 essays by Israeli, British and American scholars to explore the development of the ancient synagogue. Combining original articles with earlier studies, including nine articles translated from Hebrew, this collection presents a critical picture of the early synagogue and the scholarly discussions concerning it. The book focuses on two central questions: what were the origins of the earliest synagogues, and where did they achieve the greatest growth in the early centuries?, and what role did the early synagogue play within the Jewish community?
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• v. 1. Textual and contextual studies in the Pentateuchal targums
• v. 2. Targum and Peshitta.