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Online 1. City of San Francisco and its vicinity, California (Raster Image) [2021]
- United States Coast Survey (Creator)
- Stanford University. Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis, 2021
- Description
- Map
- Summary
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This layer is a georeferenced image of an 1853 map of San Francisco by the United States Coast Survey. A scanned version of this map was georeferenced as part of the Imagined San Francisco project.
This project traces the history of urban planning in San Francisco, placing special emphasis on unrealized schemes. Rather than using visual material simply to illustrate outcomes, Imagined San Francisco uses historical plans, maps, architectural renderings, and photographs to show what might have been. By enabling users to layer a series of urban plans, the project presents the city not only as a sequence of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power. Savvy institutional actors--like banks, developers, and many public officials--understood that in some cases to clearly articulate their interests would be to invite challenges. That means that textual sources like newspapers and municipal reports are limited in what they can tell researchers about the shape of political power. Urban plans, however, often speak volumes about interests and dynamics upon which textual sources remain silent. Mortgage lenders, for example, apparently thought it unwise to state that they wished to see a poor neighborhood cleared, to be replaced with a freeway onramp. Yet visual analysis of planning proposals makes that interest plain. So in the process of showing how the city might have looked, Imagined San Francisco also shows how political power actually was negotiated and exercised. - Collection
- Imagined San Francisco
Online 2. Haggadah of the War for the day of Pesach [2021]
- Hagadah delah gerrah. English
- ʻAli, Nisim Sh. Ṭ (Nisim Shem Ṭov), author.
- עלי, נסים ׁש״ט.
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource
- Also online at
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Online 3. Map Of San Francisco From the Latest Surveys. Engraved Expressly For The San Francisco Directory. 1873. Lith Britton & Rey. S.F (Raster Image) [2021]
- Langley, Henry G. (Creator)
- Stanford University. Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis, 2021
- Description
- Map
- Summary
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This layer is a georeferenced image of a map from the 1873 San Francisco Directory. A scanned version of this map was georeferenced as part of the Imagined San Francisco project.
This project traces the history of urban planning in San Francisco, placing special emphasis on unrealized schemes. Rather than using visual material simply to illustrate outcomes, Imagined San Francisco uses historical plans, maps, architectural renderings, and photographs to show what might have been. By enabling users to layer a series of urban plans, the project presents the city not only as a sequence of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power. Savvy institutional actors--like banks, developers, and many public officials--understood that in some cases to clearly articulate their interests would be to invite challenges. That means that textual sources like newspapers and municipal reports are limited in what they can tell researchers about the shape of political power. Urban plans, however, often speak volumes about interests and dynamics upon which textual sources remain silent. Mortgage lenders, for example, apparently thought it unwise to state that they wished to see a poor neighborhood cleared, to be replaced with a freeway onramp. Yet visual analysis of planning proposals makes that interest plain. So in the process of showing how the city might have looked, Imagined San Francisco also shows how political power actually was negotiated and exercised. - Collection
- Imagined San Francisco
- Washington, D.C. : Office of the Secretary of Defense, [January 8, 2021-January 11, 2021]
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource (2 text files (3 pages each)) Digital: text file.
- Summary
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"The purpose of this memorandum is to memorialize the planning and execution timeline for the Washington, D.C., National Guard's involvement in the January 6, 2021 First Amendment Protests in Washington, D.C." Late in the afternoon on January 11, 2021, the Defense Department changed the title of its January 8 memorandum and reissued it "to more appropriately reflect the characterization of the events at the U.S. Capitol on January 6." The retitled summary is the "January 6, 2021 Violent Attack at the U.S. Capitol" and the introduction changed to: "This timeline is intended to memorialize the planning and execution efforts of the Department of Defense to address the Violent Attack at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021." The original memorandum was signed by US Navy Captain David Soldow, Executive Secretary. The updated memorandum was unsigned
- Collection
- Government Information United States Federal Collection
- Also online at
- United States. Department of Justice. Evaluation and Inspections Division, author.
- [Washington, D.C.] : Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, 2021
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource (iv, 88 pages) : color illustration
- Summary
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Review of the Department of Justice’s planning and implementation of Its "Zero Tolerance" policy for immigration offenses involving illegal entry and attempted illegal entry into the United States and its coordination with the Departments of Homeland Security and Health and Human Services. The Inspector General report concluded that President Donald Trump, ex-Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, then-Attorney General Jeff Sessions, and other senior officials were woefully unprepared when U.S. agents started seizing thousands of migrant children from their asylum-seeking parents and relatives who were often imprisoned in concentration camps after entering the United States, first in a 2017 DOJ pilot program and then nationwide the following year. The report, based on interviews with dozens of DOJ officials and a review of over 200,000 emails and other electronic files, directly implicates Trump in the disastrous policy. It also found that senior administration officials were "fully aware" that the policy would result in children being separated from their families but pressed ahead with it anyway
- Collection
- Government Information United States Federal Collection
- Also online at
- Burnham, Daniel Hudson (Creator)
- Stanford University. Center for Spatial and Textual Analysis, 2021
- Description
- Map
- Summary
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This layer is a georeferenced image of a 1905 San Francisco city plan by Daniel Burnham. This plan appears in "Report on a Plan for San Francisco." A scanned version of this map was georeferenced as part of the Imagined San Francisco project.
This project traces the history of urban planning in San Francisco, placing special emphasis on unrealized schemes. Rather than using visual material simply to illustrate outcomes, Imagined San Francisco uses historical plans, maps, architectural renderings, and photographs to show what might have been. By enabling users to layer a series of urban plans, the project presents the city not only as a sequence of material changes, but also as a contingent process and a battleground for political power. Savvy institutional actors--like banks, developers, and many public officials--understood that in some cases to clearly articulate their interests would be to invite challenges. That means that textual sources like newspapers and municipal reports are limited in what they can tell researchers about the shape of political power. Urban plans, however, often speak volumes about interests and dynamics upon which textual sources remain silent. Mortgage lenders, for example, apparently thought it unwise to state that they wished to see a poor neighborhood cleared, to be replaced with a freeway onramp. Yet visual analysis of planning proposals makes that interest plain. So in the process of showing how the city might have looked, Imagined San Francisco also shows how political power actually was negotiated and exercised. - Collection
- Imagined San Francisco
Online 7. 100 Foot Contour Lines, Placer County, California, 2020 [2020]
- Placer County Geographic Information Systems (Creator)
- Auburn, Calif., US : Placer County Geographic Information Systems, 2020
- Description
- Map — 48.264
- Summary
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100 ft contour lines in Placer County, California. The contour data was derived from 1:24000 USGS digital elevation models. This layer is part of a collection of public geospatial datasets produced by the Placer County GIS Division.
- Collection
- Placer County, California, GIS Maps and Data
Online 8. 20 Foot Contour Lines, Placer County, California, 2020 [2020]
- Placer County Geographic Information Systems (Creator)
- Auburn, Calif., US : Placer County Geographic Information Systems, 2020
- Description
- Map — 192.367
- Summary
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20 ft contour lines in Placer County, California. The contour data was derived from 1:24000 USGS digital elevation models. This layer is part of a collection of public geospatial datasets produced by the Placer County GIS Division.
- Collection
- Placer County, California, GIS Maps and Data
Online 9. 2D materials for logic and memory integration [2020]
- Wang, Ching-Hua, author.
- [Stanford, California] : [Stanford University], 2020
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource
- Summary
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Today's data-driven applications, such as big data analytics, neural networks, and machine learning, require huge memory and computing resources. The latency and energy incurred for data movement between processing unit and memory has become a significant limitation (known as the "memory wall") as traditional techniques such as caching are no longer effective for the data-intensive applications that dominate modern computing. Solving the "memory wall" problem requires future computer technology to directly integrate memory and transistor devices with high density vertical interconnect accesses (vias) to provide parallel, high bandwidth memory access. However, the high temperature of silicon processing is not compatible with this 3D monolithic integration. A desired low temperature integration can be achieved by using two-dimensional (2D) materials which have intrinsically layered and flat atomic structures, because devices made of 2D materials can be fabricated at lower temperatures. This thesis introduces three exploratory studies on advancing 2D materials for developing 3D monolithic integrated systems. First, I focused on improving transistor performance and studied high-mobility 2D material black phosphorous (BP) transistors using various metals as the contact metal. This work achieved unipolar n-type BP transistors by using ultra-low work function metals, demonstrating record high n-type current. Furthermore, the study revealed the physical mechanisms of controlling doping and de-pinning effects for n- and p- type BP transistors. Beyond transistor studies, I then demonstrated the first 3D sequential monolithic integrated two levels of 1-transistor-1-resistor (1T1R) memory cells. The cell is fabricated entirely using 2D materials: hexagonal-Boron Nitride (hBN) serves as the resistive switching memory cell and monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) serves as the channel material for the transistor selector. In order to achieve a high-density memory array, a two-terminal selector with a high nonlinear current-voltage characteristic is necessary. I developed a new two-terminal selector utilizing a 2D material heterostructure with an H-shape energy barrier. This new device design in theory should have high on-state current density and virtually unlimited endurance due to its quantum tunneling mechanism. Our results characterized the first out-of-plane current through an ultra-thin (3 monolayer) heterojunction and provide the critical foundation for a high endurance selector using a 2D heterojunction. Due to the transferable feature of 2D materials, these processes can be easily adopted for 3D monolithic integrated transistors and memories in multiple logic and memory layers connected vertically by fine-grained nanoscale vias, thereby overcoming the "memory wall.".
- Also online at
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Online 10. A Centriole-less Pericentriolar Material Serves as the Base of C. elegans Sensory Cilia [2020]
- Eskinazi, Sani (Author)
- June 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Cilia are complex sensory and motile organelles found on almost all cells of the body. Sensory cilia act as the cell’s antennae, detecting and managing external signals. Perturbation of cilia related genes leads to a large scope of diseases, ciliopathies, such as retinal degeneration and polycystic kidney disease. While the assembly of cilia by basal bodies, which are re-purposed centrioles, is shared among unicellular organisms and animal cells, in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans basal bodies are necessary for ciliogenesis, but are degraded upon cilia maturation. This raises the question of how ciliary microtubules are maintained in the absence of the basal bodies from which they are templated. We used CRISPR-generated endogenously tagged alleles to assess the localization of centrosomal proteins. Surprisingly, although the base of cilia lacks an association with centriole proteins or the PCM protein SPD-2/CEP192, SPD-5, ZYG-9/XMAP-215 and the conserved microtubule nucleating γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC) localize to this region. We named this previously unidentified structure the “centriole-less PCM.” Confocal microscopy revealed distinct subdomains of the centriole-less PCM, with a subset of proteins localizing closer to the ciliary axoneme and others localizing closer to the dendrites, a region nucleating the assembly of dynamic microtubules into the cell body, confirming that the base of cilia is a microtubule organizing center (MTOC). Using tissue-specific degradation, we tested the role of SPD-5 at the base of cilia at different time points in development. Degradation of SPD-5 after cilia maturation did not grossly impact cilia structure or function. However, degradation of SPD-5 during ciliogenesis perturbed cilia structure, suggesting that SPD-5 is required to maintain the axoneme in the absence of a canonical basal body. Moreover, SPD-5 is necessary for γ-TuRC localization at the ciliary base and nucleating dynamic microtubules into the cell body of the neuron. Unlike at the centrosome, the localization and regulation of SPD-5 appears to be independent of mitotic kinases. The presence of a RFX-type transcription factor binding site in the promoter region of SPD-5 indicates a pressure to maintain its expression in ciliated neurons. Thus, I propose that, in the absence of a canonical basal body, SPD-5 maintains the cilia structure while also recruiting the γ-TuRC, which imparts MTOC function to the centriole-less PCM.
- Collection
- Undergraduate Theses, Department of Biology, 2019-2020
- Barry, Erin (Author)
- August 20, 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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The Pigeon Point Formation, northern California, and the Gold Beach Terrane, southwestern Oregon, are Late Cretaceous allochthonous terranes that outcrop along the Pacific Coast of the United States. Both are characterized by upper Cretaceous deep-water sequences overlain by or including near the top units of fine- to very fine-grained, uppermost Cretaceous sandstone deposited in a storm-dominated shelf setting. Previous studies have suggested that both terranes originated as far south as southern California and have since been translated north by right lateral displacement along the San Andreas Fault System. In this study we use provenance analyses, including sandstone petrography, detrital zircon (DZ) geochronology, and major- and trace-element mudstone geochemistry to determine the provenance of both terranes and estimate whether they were once part of a single Late Cretaceous submarine depositional system. Sandstone petrography and mudstone geochemistry show that both terranes are arc derived; however, the Pigeon Point Formation has a more evolved, felsic source while the Gold Beach Terrane is sourced from more juvenile parent rocks that are mafic in character. Key differences are also seen in the detrital zircon signatures from both terranes. Both terranes contain abundant Late Cretaceous zircons; however, the Gold Beach Terrane contains abundant Early to Late Jurassic zircons whereas the Pigeon Point Formation does not. All of the observations in this study indicate that the two terranes do not share the same provenance and were not once part of the same Late Cretaceous submarine depositional system. Based on our observations, we conclude that the Pigeon Point Formation was likely sourced mainly from the Cretaceous Sierra Nevada Batholith and the Gold Beach Terrane from Klamath Mountains and Sierran Foothills Belt as well as the main Sierra Nevada Batholith. Thus, the Pigeon Point Formation likely originated as far south as southern California, whereas the Gold Beach Terrane likely originated close to its present location.
- Collection
- Master's Theses, Stanford Earth
Online 12. A Deficit of Due Process: Racial Bias within Death Penalty Sentencing in Harris County, Texas [2020]
- Cooper, Bella (Author)
- May 14, 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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This project researches racial bias within the death penalty in Harris County, Texas. Although Harris County has greatly limited its use of the death penalty in recent years, the area was once regarded as the “capital of capital punishment.” This thesis analyzes crime and legal data to determine if a relationship exists between race and death sentences. The data is collected from the FBI’s Supplementary Homicide Reports and the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. Utilizing data that centers around the type of crime committed, victim characteristics, and defendant characteristics, this research examines if a racial bias exists among all death penalty eligible cases within this prominent county. Overall, this study displays a causal relationship between the race of the defendant and the sentence received in Harris County, Texas. Between 1976 and 2016, a minority defendant is 1.58 times more likely to be sentenced to the death penalty compared to a white defendant. Furthermore, a Black defendant, compared to a white defendant, is 1.82 times more likely to receive a death sentence between 1976 and 2016. Prior to the 2005 legislation that allowed sentences of life without the possibility of parole in capital murder cases, a Black defendant was 1.56 times more likely to be sentenced to death. Following the 2005 life-without-parole law, this disparity drastically increased by 5.42 times to an odds ratio of 8.45.
- Collection
- Stanford University, Department of Economics, Honors Theses
Online 13. A Dynamic Model of Censorship [2020]
- Sun, Yiman (Author)
- Stanford (Calif.) : Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics, 2020
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource
- Summary
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We model censorship as a dynamic game between an agent and an evaluator. Two types of public news, good and bad news, are informative about the agent’s ability. However, the agent can hide bad news from the evaluator, at some cost, and will do so if and only if this secures her a significant increase in tenure. Thus, the evaluator faces a bandit problem with endogenous news processes. When bad news is conclusive, the agent always censors when the public belief is sufficiently high, but below a threshold, she entirely or partially stops censoring. The possibility of censorship hurts the evaluator and the good agent, and it may also hurt the bad agent. However, when bad news is inconclusive, we show that the good agent censors bad news more aggressively than the bad agent does. This improves the quality of public information and may benefit all players.
- Collection
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics (SITE) Archive
Online 14. A Framework for Identifying Local and Universal Symptoms of Emerging Structural Violence: A Case Study in Berlin [2020]
- Rosenkranz, Anna Cecilia (Author)
- May 26, 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Berlin currently faces a housing crisis and is forced to use alternative modes of housing such as converted warehouse spaces for the large number of refugees that began arriving in 2015. While these solutions might prove effective as temporary facilities, the scarcity of housing availability has necessitated the utilization of these spaces on a more permanent basis. The adequacy of these unintentionally designed living environments is called into question. Poor health often arises as a symptom of distress from inadequate housing. If the initial issue prompting illness is not addressed early enough, the health problems can accumulate and become a chronic disease burden that may impede the ability to work and access quality medical attention, only resulting in larger medical issues. Inadequate living spaces that are created by greater social structures, and house vulnerable or marginalized populations who are being afflicted by housing related illness, are a function of structural violence, a medical anthropological term. Using the temporary refugee housing in Berlin as a case study, this research forges a methodology to identify symptoms of emerging structural violence through qualitative data collected from interviews. Physical health disparities, such as anaphylaxis, weight loss and sleep deprivation, as well as mental health disparities such as a higher prevalence of PTSD and depression were most commonly observed and flagged as potential symptoms of emerging structural violence. If it is possible to identify local symptoms of emerging structural violence in a vulnerable space, it is easier to remedy the problem and mitigate greater future conflict.
- Collection
- Stanford University Urban Studies Capstone Projects and Theses
Online 15. A Novel 3-D Culture System for Modeling Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease [2020]
- Maxim, Demetrios (Author)
- June 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the world’s most common monogenic disorder. It is characterized by mutations in the PKD1 and PKD2 genes that cause cyst formation in kidney epithelial cells and bilaterally enlarge the kidney, leading to renal failure by age 60. While gene therapy to correct the underlying mutations in PKD1 and PKD2 could someday serve as a cure for ADPKD in the future, it is limited by the lack of a simple and inexpensive model with a clear phenotypic readout. Here, we describe a novel immortalized 3-D cell model for modeling cyst formation in vitro that shows rapid cyst formation in response to inducible Pkd2 knockout (KO). The cell line for this model was created by crossing the temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 (SV40) “Immortomouse” with a homozygous, Tet-On, Pkd2-inducible KO mouse and then isolating kidney tubular epithelial cells. The temperature-sensitivity of the SV40 transgene allows this cell line to renew indefinitely at 33 °C, but revert to a primary-like state upon transfer to 37 °C. Cells in this primary-like state were seeded into a modified 3-D Matrigel culture system to initiate cyst formation and treated with doxycycline (DOX) to induce Pkd2 KO. Although the wild-type (WT) cells also developed cyst-like structures, the Pkd2 KO cysts grew significantly faster after DOX treatment than the WT controls (p < 0.001), demonstrating that cyst growth in our model was Pkd2 KO specific. This is the first immortalized, inducible cell culture system described in the PKD field with a cystic size phenotype that varies between WT and PKD KO, and will be extremely useful for testing various gene therapy cures for ADPKD in a simple, low-cost, in vitro environment.
- Collection
- Undergraduate Theses, Department of Biology, 2019-2020
Online 16. A Novel Approach to Detect Heavy Metals and Investigate Internal Exposome-Based Immunological Changes in Children Exposed to Air Pollution [2020]
- Smith, Eric (Author)
- June 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Ambient air pollution exposure has been shown to be associated with a dysregulated immune response but there are still significant gaps in our knowledge that limit our understanding of specific pollutant-immune responses. For this reason, sensitive methods are needed to more clearly detect and link immunologic changes from exposure to specific pollutants. Due to the large number of constituents in air pollution, it is difficult to assign particular immune changes to all of them. We therefore suggest the novel application of CyTOF to monitor, record and gate toxic heavy metal exposure, in channels that were once disregarded as contamination only to identify possible immune system responses to single air pollutants. This pilot study uses this quantification method to simultaneously perform cell phenotyping and heavy metal pollutant detection, primarily lead (Pb). 36 samples from children aged 6-8 years old, recruited from a 20-km radius in Fresno, were analyzed using a novel application of CyTOF analysis. Samples were stained with a dendritic cell and monocyte panel and run using the Helios CyTOF instrument with expanded channel monitoring. These expanded channels did not have any metal-conjugated-antibodies added. It is hypothesized that quantification of environmental heavy metals during analysis may reveal varying internal exposure, allowing for subsequent grouping. Samples were analyzed using FlowJo software and the statistical software programs R and Prism. The percentage of 208Pb associated with each samples’ live cells varied between samples and allowed for the grouping of low (n=17) and high (n=15) 208Pb groups. The total percentage of myeloid Dendritic Cells (mDCs), HLA-DR+ mature mDCs (mature mDCs), and common DCs (cDC1s) that were CCR7+ was significantly reduced in the high 208Pb group (P=.018, P=.0055, P=.0248,). PD-L1, CD68, and CD206 were also found to be reduced in HLA-DR+ mature mDCs and cDC1s in the high 208Pb group (Mature mDCs: P=.0042 P=.0089, P=.0137, cDC1s: P=.007, P=.0072, and P=.0135). The detection of lead levels was found to vary in PBMCs, demonstrating a potential CyTOF-based method to monitor internal pollutants. In addition, the statistically significant reduction in DC markers between low and high 208Pb groups demonstrated potential immune modulation mechanisms by lead, that direct future follow-up analyses. Further pilot studies are needed to validate CyTOF’s accuracy in monitoring environmental heavy metals.
- Collection
- Undergraduate Theses, Department of Biology, 2019-2020
Online 17. A Partnership to Strengthen Early Childhood Mental Health Consultation in San Francisco [2020]
- Branning, Kelly (Author)
- 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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This report was compiled for The Primary School’s San Francisco Early Childhood Education team. The goal of the report is to understand the implementation of the Early Childhood Mental Health Initiative at Wu Yee Children’s Services sites in San Francisco. The report was informed by qualitative interviews with individuals across Wu Yee sites, including the Kirkwood location that is piloting a new mental health consultation model. Ultimately, implementation of the consultation program varied greatly from site to site, with the most success reported out of the Kirkwood pilot. Kirkwood stakeholders reported clear expectations for the consultation program, a site-wide culture of collaboration, and high satisfaction with the changes made in the pilot implementation versus the previous implementation. Across other sites, the data indicate that prioritizing clear communication across stakeholders and consistent expectations for consultants may result in site-level improvements, including increased capacity to support children’s social and academic needs and improved socio-emotional outcomes for children. The Primary School team may use this report to conduct further research about the implementation of child mental health services. For example, more information is needed to determine if there are key differences among providers that impact their efficacy as mental health partners. In addition, data suggest that a range of interpretation during implementation may occur when request for quote (RFQ) language is flexible or vague.
- Collection
- Policy, Organization Leadership Studies (POLS) Program Field Projects, Graduate School of Education
Online 18. A Phenome-wide association study of a contemporary polygenic risk score for Coronary Artery Disease in the Women’s Health Initiative [2020]
- Parham, Matthew (Author)
- June 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Introduction Polygenic risk scores (PRS) show promise in their ability to predict and improve the treatment of many facets of coronary artery disease (CAD). The basic components of the PRS are known to involve genetic risk related to traditional risk factors. However, associations with carefully adjudicated subtypes of CAD and other health traits have not been adequately tested or documented. Methods We conducted a phenome wide association study in 24,693 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative with genetic data and a host of health outcomes, traits, and biomarkers related to cardiovascular disease, cancers, and fractures. Our main exposure variable is a PRS for CAD named ‘meta-GRS’ incorporating 1.7 million genetic variants. We conducted linear and logistic regressions according to variable type. Results We found strong significant associations between the PRS and clinical CAD whose magnitude was proportional to the severity of presentation of CAD. We also found statistically significant associations of lower magnitude with other complications of the atherosclerosis. We were able to convincingly extend risk factor observations to include 3 important lifestyle factors (diet, physical activity and smoking), 2 EKG measures that have well-established associations with CAD (LVH and QT interval), an extensive array of LDL and HDL subfractions, multiple biomarkers related to insulin resistance (insulin, glucose, SHGB, leptin), a biomarker of plaque inflammation (Lp-PLA2), and a family history of risk factors of CAD combined with a decrease in parental longevity. Unexpectedly, we found an elevated genetic risk of CAD modestly protects against cancers and hip fractures and increases red blood cell measures. Conclusion We confirm that the meta-GRS PRS largely reflects genetic predisposition to CAD and risk factors for CAD. A graded association with presentation subtypes of CAD suggest a strong relationship with burden of coronary atherosclerosis. Further investigation is required to determine the mechanism behind other associations observed including a somewhat unexpected modest protection against all cancers.
- Collection
- Epidemiology & Clinical Research Masters Theses
Online 19. A Q-Theory of Inequality [2020]
- Gouin-Bonenfant, Emilien (Author)
- Stanford (Calif.) : Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics, 2020
- Description
- Book — 1 online resource
- Summary
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We study the effect of interest rates on top wealth inequality. While lower rates decrease the average growth rate of existing fortunes, they increase the growth rate of new fortunes by making it cheaper to raise capital. We develop a sufficient statistic approach to express the effect of interest rates on the Pareto exponent of the wealth distribution: it depends on the average equity issuance and leverage of individuals reaching the top. Quantitatively, we find that the secular decline in real interest rates has been a major contributor to the rise in top wealth inequality in the U.S.
- Collection
- Stanford Institute for Theoretical Economics (SITE) Archive
- Hugh Zhang (Author)
- June 11, 2020
- Description
- Book
- Summary
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Simple adaptive procedures that converge to correlated equilibria are known to exist for normal form games (Hart and Mas-Colell 2000), but no such analogue exists for extensive-form games. Leveraging inspiration from Zinkevich et al. (2008), we show that any internal regret minimization procedure designed for normal-form games can be efficiently extended to finite extensive-form games of perfect recall. Our procedure converges to the set of forgiving correlated equilibria, a refinement of various other proposed extensions of the correlated equilibrium solution concept to extensive-form games (Forges 1986a; Forges 1986b; von Stengel and Forges 2008). In a forgiving correlated equilibrium, players receive move recommendations only upon reaching the relevant information set instead of all at once at the beginning of the game. Assuming all other players follow their recommendations, each player is incentivized to follow her recommendations regardless of whether she has done so at previous infosets. The resulting procedure is completely decentralized: players need neither knowledge of their opponents’ actions nor even a complete understanding of the game itself beyond their own payoffs and strategies.
- Collection
- Stanford University, Department of Economics, Honors Theses