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• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Photocatalysis: The Principles
• 3 Practical Aspects of Photocatalysis
• 4 Photocatalytic Oxidative C-C Bond Formation
• 5 Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
• 6 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
• 7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
• 8 Copper-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Mediated Organic Transformations
• 9 Gold in Photocatalysis
• 10 Palladium in Photocatalysis
• 11 Nickel in Photocatalysis
• 12 Acridinium Dyes and Quinones in Photocatalysis
• 13 Flavins in Photocatalysis
• 14 Organic Dyes in Photocatalytic Reductive C-H Arylations
• 15 Silicates in Photocatalysis
• 16 Photocatalytic Cycloadditions
• 17 Photocatalytic Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation
• 18 Photocatalytic Introduction of Fluorinated Groups
• 19 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis
• 20 Photocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of photocatalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade and it is time to clarify its impact on organic synthesis. This volume is an opportunity to provide the defining and current reference work for this field. A primary objective is to collect together the most useful, practical, and reliable methods for photocatalysis and to introduce them to a larger audience. The fundamental concepts of photophysics are introduduced and laboratory set-ups are described, enabling newcomers to the field to instantly apply these new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for comprehensive coverage, solutions for challenging transformations in synthesis applying visible light and suitable dyes are presented. A team of pioneers and leaders in the field has been assembled, who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Scope, limitations, and mechanism of the reactions are covered and key experimental procedures are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue
• Silence
• Movement 1, Earth : carbon, the element of crystals
• Movement 2, Air : carbon, the element of cycles
• Movement 3, Fire : carbon, the element of stuff
• Movement 4, Water : carbon, the element of life
• Finale : earth, air, fire, and water.

Carbon is everywhere: in the paper of this book and the blood of our bodies. It's with us from beginning to end, present in our baby clothes and coffin alike. We live on a carbon planet, and we are carbon life. No other element is so central to our well-being; yet, when missing or misaligned, carbon atoms can also bring about disease and even death. At once ubiquitous and mysterious, carbon holds the answers to some of humanity's biggest questions. Where did Earth come from? What will ultimately become of it-and of us? With poetic storytelling, earth scientist Robert M. Hazen explores the universe to discover the past, present, and future of life's most essential element. We're not only "made of star stuff, " as Carl Sagan famously observed, but "Big Bang stuff, " too. Hazen reveals that carbon's grand symphony began with a frenzied prelude shortly after the dawn of creation, bringing new attention to the tiny number of Big Bang-created carbon atoms that often get overlooked. In minutes, violently colliding protons and neutrons improbably formed the first carbon atoms, which can still be found within our bodies. His book then unfolds in four movements, building momentum as he explores carbon as the element of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. He visits the famed volcanic crater Solfatara di Pozzuoli near Naples, where venting carbon dioxide and other noxious fumes condense into beautiful crystals. He climbs the cliffs of the Scottish Highlands and delves deep into the precious-metal mines of Namibia, journeying toward Earth's mysterious core in search of undocumented carbon structures. Hazen often asks us to pause and consider carbon's role in climate change and what we can do about it, for our lives and this element are inextricably intertwined. With prose that sparkles like a diamond, Symphony in C tells the story of carbon, in which we all have a part.
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• Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and the Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 27 Carbohydrates Chapter 28 Lipids Chapter 29 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 30 Pericyclic Reactions Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers (Available online).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Smith's Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new fifth edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled "teaching" illustrations. The fifth edition features a modernized look with updated chemical structures throughout. Because of the close relationship between chemistry and many biological phenomena, Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics presents an approach to traditional organic chemistry that incorporates the discussion of biological applications that are understood using the fundamentals of organic chemistry. See the New to Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics section for detailed content changes. Don't make your text decision without seeing Organic Chemistry, 5th edition by Janice Gorzynski Smith and Heidi Vollmer-Snarr! .
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Organic Chemistry Literature. Abstracting and Other Current Awareness Services. Principal Electronic Dictionaries. Useful Reference Works and Review Series. Patents, Including Patent Awareness Services. Cheminformatics Companies. Primary Journals. Endnotes. Nomenclature Fundamentals . IUPAC Nomenclature. CAS Nomenclature. Types of Name. Constructing a Systematic Name. Nomenclature of Ring Systems. Ring Systems (General). Bridged Ring Systems. Spiro Compounds. Heterocyclic Ring Systems. Ring Assemblies. Ring Fusion Names. Nomenclature of Individual Classes of Compound. Carbohydrates. Alditols and Cyclitols. Amino Acids and Peptides. Natural Products (General). Steroids. Lipids. Carotenoids. Lignans. Nucleotides and Nucleosides. Tetrapyrroles. Organoboron Compounds. Organophosphorus (and Organoarsenic) Compounds. Azo and Azoxy Compounds. Labelled Compounds. Tautomeric Compounds. Acronyms and Miscellaneous Terms Used in Describing Organic Molecules. Abbreviations and Acronyms for Reagents and Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry. Glossary of Miscellaneous Terms and Techniques Used in Nomenclature, Including Colloquial Terms. Stereochemistry. The Sequence Rule: R and S. Graphical and Textual Representations of Stereochemistry. Chiral Molecules with No Centres of Chirality. E and Z. The D, L-System. Descriptors and Terms Used in Stereochemistry. Graphical Representation of Organic Compounds. Zigzag Natta Projection. Stereochemistry. CAS Numbers, InChI, and Other Identifiers. CAS Registry Numbers. InChI. Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES). Molecular Formulae. The Hill System. Chemical Abstracts Conventions.Checking Molecular Formulae. Chemical Hazard Information for the Laboratory. Hazard and Risk Assessment. Physical and Reactive Chemical Hazards. Health Hazards. Handling and Storage of Chemicals. Hazardous Reaction Mixtures. Disposal of Chemicals. Solvents. Peroxide- Forming Chemicals. Further Literature Sources. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Mass Spectrometry. Introduction. Ionisation Techniques and Mass Spectrometer Systems. Interpreting Mass Spectra and Molecular Mass. Sample Introduction and Solvent Systems for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry. Common Adducts and Contaminants in Mass Spectra. MALDI Matrices. Fragment Ions and Neutral Losses. Natural Abundance and Isotopic Masses of Selected Isotopes and Nuclear Particles. Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Commonly Used in Mass Spectrometry. Crystallography. Introduction. Definitions.Crystallographic Point Groups. Space Groups. Reciprocal Lattice. Examples of Organic Crystals. CIF Data Format. Bragg's Law and the X-Ray Spectrum. Crystal Specimen Preparation for X-Ray Analysis. Chromatographic Chiral Separation. Types of Molecular Interactions. Diastereomeric Compounds and Complexes. Chiral Mobile Phases. Chiral Stationary Phases. Laboratory Data and SI Units. Solvents. Buffer Solutions. Acid and Base Dissociation Constants. Resolving Agents. Freezing Mixtures. Materials Used for Heating Baths. Drying Agents. Pressure-Temperature Nomograph. SI Units. Languages. A German-English Dictionary. Russian and Greek Alphabets. SI Units. Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• The Organic Chemistry Literature Abstracting and Other Current Awareness Services Principal Electronic Dictionaries and Chemical Compound Databases Reference Works and Review Series Patent Literature on the Web
• Primary Journals Electronic Sources for Chemistry Journals Leading Publishers of Chemistry Journals and Chemical Information
• Nomenclature Fundamentals Introduction IUPAC Nomenclature General Principles of Nomenclature Chemical Abstracts (CAS) Nomenclature Types of Name Constructing a Systematic Name Azo and Azoxy Compounds Tautomeric Compounds Nomenclature Algorithms
• Nomenclature of Ring Systems Ring Systems (General) Bridged Ring Systems Heterocyclic Ring Systems Spiro Compounds Ring Assemblies Ring Fusion Names
• Stereochemistry The Sequence Rule: R and S Graphical and Textual Representations of Stereochemistry Chiral Molecules with No Centres of Chirality E and Z The d, l-System Descriptors and Terms Used in Stereochemistry
• Graphical Representation of Organic Compounds Zigzag Natta Projection Stereochemistry
• Structure and Nomenclature of Some Individual Classes of Compounds Carbohydrates Alditols and Cyclitols Amino Acids and Peptides Nucleotides and Nucleosides Steroids Lipids Organoboron Compounds Organophosphorus (and Organoarsenic) Compounds Labelled Compounds
• Infrared and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy Infrared Spectroscopy Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Common Nuclei Used in NMR Chemical Shift Data Coupling Constants Modern NMR Techniques for Structural Elucidation of Small Molecules Determination of Structure by a Combination of IR and NMR
• Mass Spectrometry Introduction Ionisation Techniques and Mass Spectrometer Systems Interpreting Mass Spectra and Molecular Mass Sample Introduction and Solvent Systems for Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Common Adducts and Contaminants in Mass Spectra MALDI Matrices Fragment Ions and Neutral Losses Natural Abundance and Isotopic Masses of Selected Isotopes and Nuclear Particles Glossary of Abbreviations and Terms Commonly Used in Mass Spectrometry
• Crystallography Introduction Definitions Crystallographic Point Groups Space Groups Reciprocal Lattice Examples of Organic Crystals CIF Data Format Bragg's Law and the X-ray Spectrum Crystal Specimen Preparation for X-ray Analysis
• Chemical Hazard Information for the Laboratory Hazard and Risk Assessment Physical and Reactive Chemical Hazards Health Hazards of Chemicals Handling and Storage of Chemicals Hazardous Reaction Mixtures Disposal of Chemicals Solvents Peroxide-Forming Chemicals Reactive Inorganic Reagents Including Strong Acids and Bases COSHH Assessments for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory Further Literature Sources of Hazard Information
• Abbreviations and Acronyms for Reagents and Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry
• Glossary of Miscellaneous Terms and Techniques Used in Nomenclature, Including Colloquial Terms
• Representation of Organic Compounds: Molecular Formulae, CAS Registry Numbers and Linear Notations Molecular Formulae CAS Registry Numbers InChI (TM) Simplified Molecular-Input Line-Entry System
• Laboratory Data and SI Units Solvents Buffer Solutions Acid and Base Dissociation Constants Resolving Agents Freezing Mixtures Materials Used for Heating Baths Drying Agents Properties of Common Gases Pressure-Temperature Nomograph SI Units Further Reading on SI Units Websites
• Languages German-English Dictionary Russian and Greek Alphabets
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Launched in 1995 as a companion to the Dictionary of Organic Compounds, the Organic Chemist's Desk Reference has been essential reading for laboratory chemists who need a succinct guide to the 'nuts and bolts' of organic chemistry - the literature, nomenclature, stereochemistry, spectroscopy, hazard information, and laboratory data. This third edition reflects changes in the dissemination of chemical information, revisions to chemical nomenclature, and the adoption of new techniques in NMR spectroscopy, which have taken place since publication of the last edition in 2011. Organic chemistry embraces many other disciplines - from material sciences to molecular biology - whose practitioners will benefit from the comprehensive but concise information brought together in this book. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition contains the very latest data that chemists need access to for experimentation and research.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1. Introduction
• * Nomenclature, Structure, and Stability * Generation of Carbocations * The Non-Classical Ion Controversy * Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution * Elimination reactions * Rearrangement Reactions of Carbocations * References
• Chapter 2. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution - SN1
• * Introduction *-Activated Alcohols-Bronsted Acids *-Activated Alcohols-Lewis Acids * Alkylation of Aldehydes and Ketones * Glycosylation * Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation * Electrophilic Fluorination Using Fluoronium Ion * Miscellaneous SN1-related Reactions * References
• Chapter 3. Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution - SN2
• * Construction of Quaternary Stereogenic Centers * Sulfur Chemistry * Organometallic Chemistry * Macrocyclization * Glycosylation * Nucleoside Analogues *N-Alkylation * Cyclotetraphosphazenes * Conformationally Locked Tetrahydropyran Ring * The Ionic Liquid Effect * Silver Chemistry * References Chapter 4. Electrophilic Addition to Alkenes
• * Introduction * Cyclopropanation * Hydroboration/Oxidation * The Pauson-Khand Reaction * Prins Reaction * Schmidt Reaction * Halogenation * Oxymercuration/Reduction * Epoxidation * Gold-Catalyzed Alkyne Hydration * Conclusion * References
• Chapter 5. Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• * Introduction * Nitration * Halogenation * Friedel-Crafts Alkylation * Friedel-Crafts Acylation * Applications of Friedel-Crafts Reaction on Total Synthesis * Miscellaneous Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions * References
• Chapter 6. Fragmentation and Rearrangement Reactions
• * Claisen Rearrangements * Cope Rearrangements * Cope Rearrangements * Aldehyde (or Ketone) Formation Rearrangements * Carboxylic Acid Formation Rearrangements * Alcohol Formation Rearrangements * Amine Formation Rearrangement * Amides * Hydrocarbon Rearrangements * Oxacyclic, Carbocyclic, Oxazoles, Tetrahydrapuran and Tetrahydropuran Formation Rearrangements * Rearrangements resulting in less common functional groups * Fragmentations * References.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Carbocation chemistry is not only fundamental to the advancement of organic chemistry, it also has found widespread applications in organic synthesis. It is not an exaggeration to say that carbocation chemistry is part of the foundation of organic chemistry. Carbocation Chemistry: Applications in Organic Synthesis provides a panoramic view of carbocation chemistry with an emphasis on synthetic applications. This book is an invaluable tool for organic, medicinal and analytical chemists, including those working in biochemistry as well as the petroleum, plastics and pharmaceutical industries. It is also suitable for upper level undergraduates and graduates in organic chemistry, biochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Separation and purification of mixtures
• Modification of sp3 carbon
• Substitution at non-aryl sp2 carbon
• Addition at non-aryl sp2 carbon
• Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
• Transition Metal Catalysed Substitution
• Addition to sp carbon
• Preparation of alkenes
• Peryciclic reactions
• Radical reactions
• Oxidations
• Reductions
• Rearrangements
• Biotransformations
• Polymerization reactions
• Other transformations
• Chiral Resolutions--.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This expansive and practical textbook contains organic chemistry experiments for teaching in the laboratory at the undergraduate level covering a range of functional group transformations and key organic reactions.The editorial team have collected contributions from around the world and standardized them for publication. Each experiment will explore a modern chemistry scenario, such as: sustainable chemistry; application in the pharmaceutical industry; catalysis and material sciences, to name a few. All the experiments will be complemented with a set of questions to challenge the students and a section for the instructors, concerning the results obtained and advice on getting the best outcome from the experiment. A section covering practical aspects with tips and advice for the instructors, together with the results obtained in the laboratory by students, has been compiled for each experiment. Targeted at professors and lecturers in chemistry, this useful text will provide up to date experiments putting the science into context for the students.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Foreword vii Preface ix Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Alkenyl Electrophiles 1 Kevin H. Shaughnessy, Engelbert Ciganek, and Rebecca B. DeVasher
• Index 675.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The metal-catalyzed amination of aryl and alkenyl electrophiles has developed into a widely used methodology for the synthesis of natural products, active pharmaceutical ingredients, agricultural chemicals, and materials for molecular electronics. Copper catalysts promote the coupling of a wide range of nitrogen nucleophiles, including amines, amides, and heteroaromatic nitrogen compounds with aryl and alkenyl halides. The reactivity profile of copper catalysts is complementary to that of palladium catalysts in many cases. Copper catalysts are highly effective with less nucleophilic nitrogen nucleophiles, such as amides and azoles, whereas palladium catalysts are more effective with more nucleophilic amine nucleophiles. Copper is an attractive alternative to palladium due to its significantly lower cost. In addition, high activity palladium catalysts require expensive and often air-sensitive ligands, whereas the modern copper systems use relatively stable and inexpensive diamine or amino acid ligands. Copper-catalyzed C N coupling reactions are tolerant of a wide range of functional groups and have been applied to the synthesis of a variety of complex natural products. Significant work has also been done to understand the mechanism of these reactions. Current mechanistic understanding of these methodologies is covered in this monograph. The contents of the book are taken from the comprehensive review of the topic in the Organic Reactions series. Optimal experimental conditions for the amination of aryl and alkenyl halides with all classes of nitrogen nucleophiles are presented. Specific experimental procedures from the literature are provided for the major classes of copper-catalyzed C N coupling reactions. A tabular survey of all examples of Cu-catalyzed arylation and alkenylation of nitrogen nucleophiles is presented in 35 tables organized by nitrogen nucleophile and electrophilic coupling partner. The literature is covered through December 2015 and provides 300 recent citations to supplement the 680 citations of the original hardbound chapter. These latest literature references have been collected in separate sections according to the sequence of the tables in the tabular survey section. In each of the sections, the individual citations have been arranged in alphabetic order of the author names. Copper-Catalyzed Amination of Aryl and Alkenyl Electrophiles is intended to provide organic chemists with an accessible, but detailed, introduction to this important class of transformations.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The iconic chemistry handbook-extensively updated and thoroughly up to date The standard reference for chemists for more than 70 years, this resource contains vast amounts of facts, data, tabular material, and experimental findings in every area of chemistry. Included in this fully updated compendium are listings of the properties of more than 4,000 organic and 1,400 inorganic compounds. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, 17th Edition, is divided into six sections-general information and conversion tables, spectroscopy, inorganic chemistry, organic chemistry, petroleum and petroleum products, biomass and biofuels, and environmental science. Existing tables have been thoroughly overhauled and new tables have been added that cover the properties of coal, minerals, natural gas, oil shale, and petroleum. * Features equations that allow you to calculate important values such as temperature and pressure * Contains newly expanded sections on timely topics, including the properties of petroleum products, the environmental properties of chemicals, and proper clean-up methods * Includes updated viscosity, thermal conductivity, critical constants, explosion limits, and vapor density data.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• A review of general chemistry : electrons, bonds, and molecular properties
• Molecular representations
• Acids and bases
• Alkanes and cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical reactivity and mechanisms
• Alkyl halides : nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions
• Addition reactions of alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and phenols
• Ethers and epoxides; thiols and sulfides
• Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
• Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
• Conjugated pi systems and pericyclic reactions
• Aromatic compounds
• Aromatic substitution reactions
• Aldehydes and ketones
• Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
• Alpha carbon chemistry : enols and enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to organometallic compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino acids, peptides, and proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic polymers.

Organic Chemistry, 3rd Edition is not merely a compilation of principles, but rather, it is a disciplined method of thought and analysis. Success in organic chemistry requires mastery in two core aspects: fundamental concepts and the skills needed to apply those concepts and solve problems. Readers must learn to become proficient at approaching new situations methodically, based on a repertoire of skills. These skills are vital for successful problem solving in organic chemistry. Existing textbooks provide extensive coverage of, the principles, but there is far less emphasis on the skills needed to actually solve problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• CHAPTER 1 BOND-LINE DRAWINGS 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 5 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 7 1.4 More Exercises 7 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 9 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 13 CHAPTER 2 RESONANCE 18 2.1 What is Resonance? 18 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 19 2.3 The Two Commandments 21 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 24 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 26 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures Step by Step 30 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures by Recognizing Patterns 34 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 43 CHAPTER 3 ACID BASE REACTIONS 49 3.1 Factor 1 What Atom is the Charge On? 50 3.2 Factor 2 Resonance 53 3.3 Factor 3 Induction 56 3.4 Factor 4 Orbitals 59 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 60 3.6 Other Factors 63 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 64 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 65 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 66 CHAPTER 4 GEOMETRY 69 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 69 4.2 Geometry 72 4.3 Lone Pairs 76 CHAPTER 5 NOMENCLATURE 77 5.1 Functional Group 78 5.2 Unsaturation 80 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 81 5.4 Naming Substituents 84 5.5 Stereoisomerism 88 5.6 Numbering 90 5.7 Common Names 95 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 96 CHAPTER 6 CONFORMATIONS 97 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 98 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 102 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 105 6.4 Placing Groups On the Chair 108 6.5 Ring Flipping 112 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 119 6.7 Don t Be Confused by the Nomenclature 122 CHAPTER 7 CONFIGURATIONS 123 7.1 Locating Stereocenters 123 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Stereocenter 126 7.3 Nomenclature 134 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 138 7.5 Diastereomers 143 7.6 Meso Compounds 144 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 147 7.8 Optical Activity 152 CHAPTER 8 MECHANISMS 154 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 154 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 154 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 157 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 159 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 164 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 169 CHAPTER 9 SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS 173 9.1 The Mechanisms 173 9.2 Factor 1 The Electrophile (Substrate) 175 9.3 Factor 2 The Nucleophile 178 9.4 Factor 3 The Leaving Group 180 9.5 Factor 4 The Solvent 183 9.6 Using All Four Factors 185 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 186 CHAPTER 10 ELIMINATION REACTIONS 188 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 188 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 189 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 191 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 194 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 195 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 196 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 196 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 197 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 199 10.10 Predicting the Products 202 CHAPTER 11 ADDITION REACTIONS 206 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 206 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 208 11.3 Adding H and H 216 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 219 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 226 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 230 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 233 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 238 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 245 11.10 Adding OH and OH, ANTI 250 11.11 Adding OH and OH, SYN 253 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 255 CHAPTER 12 ALKYNES 258 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 258 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 261 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 262 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 264 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 268 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 273 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 278 CHAPTER 13 ALCOHOLS 280 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 280 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 281 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 283 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 286 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 287 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 294 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 298 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 300 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 303 13.10 Converting an Alcohol Into an Ether 305 CHAPTER 14 ETHERS AND EPOXIDES 308 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 308 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 310 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 313 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 314 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 316 CHAPTER 15 SYNTHESIS 323 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 324 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 336 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 337 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 338 Answer Key 339 Index 000.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

* Helps develop the skills needed to solve a variety of problem types. * Presents the fundamental topics clearly with an informal, friendly tone. * Describes the how-to of problem solving, including approaching problems strategically. * Discusses the relationship between concepts and puts topics in context. * Covers important areas such as resonance, nomenclature, conformations, substitution reactions, synthesis and more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties
• Molecular Representations
• Acids and Bases
• Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• Stereoisomerism
• Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms
• Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Reactions
• Addition Reactions of Alkenes
• Alkynes
• Radical Reactions
• Synthesis
• Alcohols and Phenols
• Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides
• Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
• Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions
• Aromatic Compounds
• Aromatic Substitution Reactions
• Aldehydes and Ketones
• Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives
• Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates
• Amines
• Introduction to Organometallic Compounds
• Carbohydrates
• Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• Lipids
• Synthetic Polymers.

• Introduction
• Chapter 1. Brief Organic Review
• Chapter 2. Bioorganic Reactions
• Chapter 3. Biosynthesis of Carbohydrates and Amino Acids
• Chapter 4. The Terpenoid Pathway: Products from Mevalonic Acid and Deoxyxylulose Phosphate.
• Chapter 5. The Acetate Pathway: Biosynthesis of Polyketides and Related Compounds. Fatty Acids: Multiples of
• Chapter 6. The Shikimate Pathway: Biosynthesis of Phenolic Products from Shikimic Acid
• Chapter 7. Biosynthesis of Alkaloids and Related Compounds
• Chapter 8. Organic Synthesis in the Laboratory Some Final Thoughts Study Problems Appendix Suggested Further Readings.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Over the last three decades, the interface between chemistry and biology has grown increasingly dynamic, resulting in the rapid expansion of communication and collaboration amongst research scientists, faculty and students in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry, biology, bioengineering, and beyond. This is due in part to society's growing demand for scientists, engineers and practitioners who can bring a more interdisciplinary approach to their work. For this reason, new elective courses at the undergraduate level that address topics crossing the traditional boundaries of chemistry and biology are increasingly necessary, as are courses that can provide traditional chemistry students with additional insight into the fundamental role that chemistry plays in the function and evolution of biological systems. Morrow's book builds on the foundation of a one-year introductory course in organic chemistry, focusing on familiar organic chemical processes associated with the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites, with special emphasis on the latter group. Ultimately, it brings to undergraduate science majors the opportunity to develop a deeper understanding of fundamental mechanistic organic chemistry within a meaningful biological context that goes far beyond the usual boxed essays or supplemental problems that increasingly crowd the margins of many introductory organic chemistry textbooks. The book offers ideal support for courses in chemistry, biochemistry, biology, pre-medicine and bioengineering programs.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface to the Third Edition xi Preface to the Second Edition xiii Preface to the First Edition xv
• 1 Reading Nomenclature 1 1.1 Acyclic Polyfunctional Molecules 2 1.2 Monocyclic Aliphatic Compounds 3 1.3 Bridged Polycyclic Structures 4 1.4 Fused Polycyclic Compounds 6 1.5 Spiro Compounds 10 1.6 Monocyclic Heterocyclic Compounds 12 1.7 Fused ]Ring Heterocyclic Compounds 14 1.8 Bridged and Spiro Heterocyclic Compounds 19 Resources 20 Problems 21 References 22
• 2 Accessing Chemical Information 25 2.1 Databases 25 2.2 Chemical Literature 26 2.3 Synthetic Procedures 29 2.4 Health and Safety Information 30 Problems 32 References 33
• 3 Stereochemistry 35 3.1 Representations 35 3.2 Vocabulary 37 3.3 Property Differences Among Stereoisomers 40 3.4 Resolution of Enantiomers 44 3.5 Enantioselective Synthesis 47 3.6 Reactions at a Stereogenic Atom 49 3.6.1 Racemization 49 3.6.2 Epimerization 50 3.6.3 Inversion 51 3.6.4 Retention 51 3.6.5 Transfer 52 3.7 Relative and Absolute Configuration 53 3.8 Topism 56 Resources 59 Problems 60 References 65
• 4 Mechanisms and Predictions 69 4.1 Reaction Coordinate Diagrams and Mechanisms 69 4.2 The Hammond Postulate 71 4.3 Methods for Determining Mechanisms 72 4.3.1 Identification of Products and Intermediates 72 4.3.2 Isotope Tracing 73 4.3.3 Stereochemical Determination 74 4.3.4 Concentration Dependence of Kinetics 75 4.3.5 Isotope Effects in Kinetics 85 4.3.6 Temperature Effects on Kinetics 87 4.3.7 Substituent Effects on Kinetics 90 4.4 Representative Mechanisms 95 4.4.1 Reactions in Basic Solution 96 4.4.2 Reactions in Acidic Solution 100 4.4.3 Free ]Radical Reactions 103 4.4.4 Molecular Rearrangements 106 Resources 108 Problems 109 References 120
• 5 Electron Delocalization, Aromatic Character, and Pericyclic Reactions 123 5.1 Molecular Orbitals 124 5.2 Aromatic Character 130 5.3 Pericyclic Reactions 135 5.3.1 Cycloaddition Reactions 137 5.3.2 Electrocyclic Reactions 142 5.3.3 Sigmatropic Reactions 147 Resources 152 Problems 152 References 158
• 6 Functional Group Transformations 163 6.1 Carboxylic Acids and Related Derivatives 164 6.1.1 Carboxylic Acids 164 6.1.2 Carboxylic Esters 166 6.1.3 Carboxylic Amides 168 6.1.4 Carboxylic Acid Halides 168 6.1.5 Carboxylic Anhydrides 169 6.1.6 Nitriles 169 6.1.7 O rtho Esters 170 6.2 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Derivatives 171 6.2.1 Aldehydes 171 6.2.2 Ketones 174 6.2.3 Imines and Enamines 175 6.2.4 Acetals 175 6.2.5 Vinyl Ethers 177 6.3 Alcohols 179 6.4 Ethers 179 6.5 Alkyl Halides 181 6.5.1 Alkyl Chlorides and Alkyl Bromides 182 6.5.2 Alkyl Iodides 184 6.5.3 Alkyl Fluorides 184 6.6 Amines 185 6.7 Isocyanates 187 6.8 Alkenes 187 6.9 Reductive Removal of Functionality 190 Resources 191 Problems 191 References 198
• 7 Carbon Carbon Bond Formation 205 7.1 Carbon Carbon Single Bond Formation 206 7.1.1 Reactions in Basic Solution 206 7.1.2 Reactions in Acidic Solution 214 7.1.3 O rganometallic Coupling Reactions 217 7.2 Carbon Carbon Double ]Bond Formation 218 7.3 Multibond Processes 222 Resources 224 Problems 224 References 230
• 8 Planning Multistep Syntheses 235 8.1 Retrosynthetic Analysis 235 8.2 Disconnection at a Functional Group or Branch Point 236 8.3 Cooperation for Difunctionality 244 8.4 Ring Closure 250 8.5 Acetylide Alkylation and Addition 253 8.6 T he Diels Alder Reaction 255 8.7 T he Claisen Rearrangement 259 8.8 Synthetic Strategies 263 8.9 Final Note 265 Resources 266 Problems 266 References 271
• 9 Physical Influences on Reactions 277 9.1 Unimolecular Reactions 278 9.2 Homogenous Two ]Component Reactions 279 9.3 Temperature Effects 280 9.4 Pressure Effects 281 9.5 Solvent Effects 282 9.6 Biphasic Reactions 283 9.6.1 Phase Transfer Catalysis 283 9.6.2 Increasing Solubility 286 9.6.3 Increasing Surface Area 287 9.6.4 Ultrasound 287 9.7 Reactions on Chemical Supports 288 9.8 Using Unfavorable Equilibria 291 9.9 Green Chemistry 293 Resources 294 Problems 294 References 295
• 10 Survey of Organic Spectroscopy 299 10.1 Electromagnetic Radiation 299 10.2 Ultraviolet Spectroscopy 300 10.2.1 Origin of the Signals 300 10.2.2 Interpretation 302 10.2.3 Visible Spectroscopy 302 10.3 Infrared Spectroscopy 303 10.3.1 Origin of the Signals 304 10.3.2 Interpretation 304 10.4 Mass Spectrometry 305 10.4.1 Origin of the Signals 306 10.4.2 Interpretation 307 10.5 N MR Spectroscopy 309 10.5.1 Origin of the Signals 309 10.5.2 Interpretation of Proton NMR Spectra 311 10.6 Carbon NMR Spectra 323 10.6.1 General Characteristics 323 10.6.2 Interpretation of 13C NMR Spectra 325 10.7 Correlation of 1H and 13C NMR Spectra 327 Resources 329 Problems 329 References 333 Appendix A 337 Appendix B 341 Index 347.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents key aspects of organic synthesis stereochemistry, functional group transformations, bond formation, synthesis planning, mechanisms, and spectroscopy and a guide to literature searching in a reader-friendly manner. Helps students understand the skills and basics they need to move from introductory to graduate organic chemistry classes Balances synthetic and physical organic chemistry in a way accessible to students Features extensive end-of-chapter problems Updates include new examples and discussion of online resources now common for literature searches Adds sections on protecting groups and green chemistry along with a rewritten chapter surveying organic spectroscopy.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written for the laboratory that accompanies the sophomore/junior level courses in Organic Chemistry, Zubrick provides students with a valuable guide to the basic techniques of the Organic Chemistry lab. The book will help students understand and practice good lab safety. It will also help students become familiar with basic instrumentation, techniques and apparatus and help them master the latest techniques such as interpretation of infrared spectroscopy. The guide is mostly macroscale in its orientation.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Structure and Bonding. 2. Polar Covalent Bonds
• Acids and Bases. 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry. 4. Organic Compounds: Cycloalkanes and Their Stereochemistry 5. Stereochemistry at Tetrahedral Centers. 6. An Overview of Organic Reactions. 7. Alkenes: Structure and Reactivity. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning I: The Chiral Drug Thalidomide 8. Alkenes: Reactions and Synthesis. 9. Alkynes: An Introduction to Organic Synthesis. 10. Organohalides. 11. Reactions of Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitutions and Eliminations. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning II: From Mustard Gas to Alkylating Anticancer Drugs 12. Structure Determination: Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy. 13. Structure Determination: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. 14. Conjugated Compounds and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. 15. Benzene and Aromaticity. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning III: Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) 16. Chemistry of Benzene: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution. 17. Alcohols and Phenols. 18. Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides. Preview of Carbonyl Chemistry. 19. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition Reactions. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning IV: SSRIs 20. Carboxylic Acids and Nitriles. 21. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Reactions. 22. Carbonyl Alpha-Substitution Reactions. 23. Carbonyl Condensation Reactions. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning V: Thymine in DNA 24. Amines and Heterocycles. 25. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates. 26. Biomolecules: Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning VI: Melatonin and Serotonin 27. Biomolecules: Lipids. 28. Biomolecules: Nucleic Acids. 29. The Organic Chemistry of Metabolic Pathways. 30. Orbitals and Organic Chemistry: Pericyclic Reactions. 31. Synthetic Polymers. Practice Your Scientific Analysis and Reasoning VII: The Potent Antibiotic of Endiandric Acid C.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Master organic chemistry with the help of this proven best-seller! John McMurry's Organic Chemistry is consistently praised as the most clearly written book available for the course. In John McMurry's words: "I wrote this book because I love writing. I get great pleasure and satisfaction from taking a complicated subject, turning it around until I see it clearly from a new angle, and then explaining it in simple words." Through his lucid writing and ability to show the beauty and logic of organic chemistry, McMurry makes learning enjoyable. The highest compliment that can be given to a chemistry book applies to McMurry: It works!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 1.4 Lone Pairs
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 2.2 IR Spectra 2.3 Wavenumber 2.4 Signal Intensity 2.5 Signal Shape 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 3.3 Integration 3.4 Multiplicity 3.5 Pattern Recognition 3.6 Complex Splitting 3.7 No Splitting 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 4.2 Nitration 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 4.4 Sulfonation 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 4.6 Directing Effects 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 4.9 Synthesis Strategies
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 5.3 Elimination-Addition 5.4 Mechanism Strategies
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of CO Bonds 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 6.8 Some Important Exceptions to the Rule 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 7.2 General Rules 7.3 Acid Halides 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 7.5 Esters 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 7.7 Synthesis Problems
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 8.1 Alpha Protons 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 8.4 Making Enolates 8.5 Haloform Reaction 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 8.7 Aldol Reactions 8.8 Claisen Condensation 8.9 Decarboxylation 8.10 Michael Reactions
• Chapter 9 Amines 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 9.2 Preparation of Amines through SN2 Reactions 9.3 Preparation of Amines through Reductive Amination 9.4 Acylation of Amines 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 10.2 The Dienophile 10.3 The Diene 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions Answer Key Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Readers continue to turn to Klein's Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, 4th Edition because it enables them to better understand fundamental principles, solve problems, and focus on what they need to know to succeed. The fourth edition explores the major principles in the field and explains why they are relevant. It is written in a way that clearly shows the patterns in organic chemistry so that readers can gain a deeper conceptual understanding of the material. Topics are presented clearly in an accessible writing style along with numerous hands-on problem solving exercises.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface ix Acknowledgments xi
• 1 Introduction to Practical Functional Group Synthesis 1
• 1.1 General Approaches for Designing Syntheses 1 1.2 New Versions of Classic Organic Reactions 6 1.3 Solvent Selection and Solvent Free Reactions 7 1.4 Operational Simplicity 11 1.5 Metal Catalyzed Transformations 12 1.6 Organocatalysis 16 1.7 Microwave and Ultrasound Assisted Chemistry 17 1.8 Sustainability 25 1.9 Asymmetric Synthesis 32 References 33
• 2 Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds 37
• 2.1 Preparation of Alcohols, Ethers, and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp3) Bonds 37 2.2 Preparation of Phenols, Aryl Ethers, and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 57 2.3 Preparation of Vinyl Ethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 84 2.4 Preparation of Alkynyl Ethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Oxygen Carbon(sp) Bonds 114 References 117
• 3 Synthesis of Amines, Amides, and Related Compounds 123
• Alkylamines 123 3.1 Synthesis of Alkylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp3) Bond Forming Reactions 123 3.2 Synthesis of Arylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp2) Bond Forming Reactions 150 3.3 Synthesis of Vinylamines and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp2) Bond Forming Reactions 191 3.4 Synthesis of Ynamides and Related Compounds through Nitrogen Carbon(sp) Bond Forming Reactions 207 References 213
• 4 Synthesis of Organophosphines, Phosphonates, and Related Compounds 219
• 4.1 Introduction to the Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds Generated through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon Bonds 219 4.2 Synthesis of Alkylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp3) Bonds 220 4.3 Synthesis of Arylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp2) Bonds 338 4.4 Synthesis of Vinylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp2) Bonds 398 4.5 Synthesis of Alkynylphosphines and Related Compounds through the Formation of Phosphorus Carbon(sp) Bonds 441 References 454
• 5 Synthesis of Thioethers, Sulfones, and Related Compounds 471
• 5.1 Synthesis of Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp3) Bonds 471 5.2 Synthesis of Aryl Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp2) Bonds 481 5.3 Synthesis of Vinyl Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp2) Bonds 498 5.4 Synthesis of Thioethers and Related Compounds through the Formation of Sulfur Carbon(sp) Bonds 506 References 510
• 6 Synthesis of Organoboronic Acids, Organoboronates, and Related Compounds 515
• 6.1 Synthesis of Alkylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp3) Bonds 515 6.2 Synthesis of Arylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp2) Bonds 526 6.3 Synthesis of Vinylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp2) Bonds 538 6.4 Synthesis of Alkynylboronates and Related Compounds through the Formation of Boron Carbon(sp) Bonds 549 References 552
• 7 Synthesis of Organohalides 557
• 7.1 Synthesis of Alkyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp3) Bonds 557 7.2 Synthesis of Aryl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 590 7.3 Synthesis of Vinyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp2) Bonds 628 7.4 Synthesis of Alkynyl Halides through the Formation of Halogen Carbon(sp) Bonds 655 References 670 Index 679.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A practical handbook for chemists performing bond forming reactions, this book features useful information on the synthesis of common functional groups in organic chemistry. Details modern functional group synthesis through carbon-heteroelement (N, O, P, S, B, halogen) bond forming reactions with a focus on operational simplicity and sustainability. Summarizes key and recent developments which are otherwise scattered across journal literature into a single source Contains over 100 detailed preparations of common functional groups Included 25 troubleshooting guides with suggestions and potential solutions to common problems. Complements the text in enhanced ebook editions with tutorial videos where the author provides an introduction to microwave assisted chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction. WELCOME TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. Laboratory Safety. Organization of the Textbook. Advance Preparation. Budgeting Time. Purpose. PART I: INTRODUCTION TO BASIC LABORATORY TECHNIQUES. Experiment 1. Solubility. Experiment 2. Crystallization. Experiment 3. Extraction. Experiment 4. A Separation and Purification Scheme. Experiment 4A. Extractions with a Separatory Funnel. Experiment 4B. Extractions with a Screw-Cap Centrifuge Tube Experiment 5. Chromatography. Experiment 5A. Thin-Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5B. Selecting the Correct Solvent for Thin-Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5C. Monitoring a Reaction with Thin Layer Chromatography. Experiment 5D. Column Chromatography. Experiment 6. Simple and Fractional Distillation Experiment 7. Infrared Spectroscopy and Boiling-Point Determination Essay. Aspirin. Experiment 8. Acetylsalicylic Acid. Essay. Analgesics. Experiment 9. Acetaminophen. Essay. Identification of Drugs. Experiment 10.TLC Analysis of Analgesic Drugs. Essay. Caffeine. Experiment 11. Isolation of Caffeine. Experiment 11A. Extraction of Caffeine from Tea. Experiment 11B. Isolation of Caffeine from a Tea Bag. Essay. Esters--Flavors and Fragrances. Experiment 12: Isopentyl Acetate (Banana Oil). Essay, Terpenes and Phenylpropanoids. Experiment 13. Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves. Essay. Stereochemical Theory of Odor. Experiment 14. Spearmint and Caraway Oil: (+)- and (-)- Carvones. Essay.The Chemistry of Vision. Experiment 15. Isolation of Chlorophyll and Carotenoid Pigments from Spinach. Essay: Ethanol and Fermentation Chemistry. Experiment 16. Ethanol from Sucrose. PART II: INTRODUCTION TO MOLECULAR MODELING. Essay: Molecular Modeling and Molecular Mechanics. Experiment 17. An Introduction to Molecular Modeling. Experiment 17A. The Conformations of n-Butane: Local Minima. Experiment 17B. Cyclohexane Chair and Boat Conformations. Experiment 17C. Substituted Cyclohexane Rings (Critical Thinking Exercise). Experiment 17D. cis- and trans-2-Butene. Essay: Computational Chemistry - Ab initio and Semiempirical Methods. Experiment 18. Computational Chemistry. Experiment 18A. Heats of Formation: Isomerism, Tautomerism, and Regioselectivity. Experiment 18B. Heats of Reactions: SN1 Reaction Rates. Experiment 18C. Density-Electrostatic Potential. Maps: Acidities of Carboxylic Acids. Experiment 18D. Density -Electrostatic Potential Maps: Carbocations. Experiment 18E. Density -LUMO Maps: Reactivities of Carbonyl Groups. PART III: PREPARATIONS AND REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS. Experiment 19. Reactivities of Some Alkyl Halides. Experiment 20. Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions: Competing Nucleophiles Experiment 20A. Competing Nucleophiles with 1-Butanol or 2-Butanol. Experiment 20B. Competing Nucleophiles with 2-Methyl-2-Propanol. Experiment 20C. Analysis. Experiment 21. Synthesis of n-Butyl Bromide and t-Pentyl Chloride. Experiment 21A. n-Butyl Bromide. Experiment 21B. t-Pentyl Chloride. Experiment 22. 4-Methylcyclohexen Essay. Fats and Oils. Experiment 23. Methyl Stearate from Methyl Oleate. Essay: Soap Experiment 24. Preparation of Soap. Essay: Petroleum and Fossil Fuels. Experiment 25. Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Gasolines. Essay: Biofuels. Experiment 26. Biodiesel. Experiment 26A. Biodiesel from Coconut Oil. Experiment 26B. Biodiesel from Other Oils. Experiment 26C. Analysis of Biodiesel. Essay: Green Chemistry. Experiment 27. Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate
• Optical Purity Determination. Experiment 27A. Chiral Reduction of Ethyl Acetoacetate. Experiment 27B. NMR Determination of the Optical Purity of Ethyl (S)-3-Hydroxybutanoate. Experiment 28. Nitration of Aromatic Compounds Using a Recyclable Catalyst. Experiment 29. Reduction of Ketones Using Carrots as Biological Reducing Agents Experiment 30. Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine and Determination of Optical Purity. Experiment 30A. Resolution of (+/-)-alpha-Phenylethylamine. Experiment 30B. Determination of Optical Purity Using NMR and a Chiral Resolving Agent. Experiment 31. An Oxidation-Reduction Scheme: Borneol, Camphor, Isoborneol. Experiment 32. Multistep Reaction Sequences: The Conversion of Benzaldehyde to Benzilic Acid. Experiment 32A. Preparation of Benzoin by Thiamine Catalysis. Experiment 32B. Preparation of Benzil. Experiment 32C. Preparation of Benzilic Acid. Experiment 33. Triphenylmethanol and Benzoic Acid. Experiment 33A. Triphenylmethanol. Experiment 33B. Benzoic Acid. Experiment 34. Aqueous-Based Organozinc Reactions. Experiment 35. Sonogashira Coupling of Iodosubstituted Aromatic Compounds with Alkynes Using a Palladium Catalyst. Experiment 36. Grubbs Catalyzed Metathesis of Eugenol with 1,4-Butenediol to Prepare a Natural Product. Experiment 37. The Aldol Condensation Reaction: Preparation of Benzalacetophenones (Chalcones). Experiment 38. A Green Enantioselective Aldol Condensation Reaction. Experiment 39. Preparation of an ?, ?-Unsaturated Ketone via Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions. Experiment 40. Preparation of Triphenylpyridine. Experiment 41. 1,4-Diphenyl-1,3-Butadiene. Experiment 42. Relative Reactivities of Several Aromatic Compounds. Experiment 43. Nitration of Methyl Benzoate. Essay: Synthetic Dyes. Experiment 44. Preparation of Methyl Orange. Experiment 45. Preparation of Indigo. Experiment 46. Formulation of a Paint and Art Project. Essay. Local Anesthetics. Experiment 47. Benzocaine. Essay. Pheromones: Insect Attractants and Repellants. Experiment 48. N, N-Diethyl-m-toluamide: The Insect Repellent "OFF." Essay: Sulfa Drugs. Experiment 49. Sulfa Drugs: Preparation of Sulfanilamide. Essay: Polymers and Plastics. Experiment 50. Preparation and Properties of Polymers: Polyester, Nylon, and Polystyrene. Experiment 50A. Polyesters. Experiment 50B. Polyamide (Nylon). Experiment 50C. Polystyrene. Experiment 50D. Infrared Spectra of Polymer Samples. Experiment 51. Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) Using a Grubbs Catalyst: A Three Step Synthesis of a Polymer. Experiment 51A. Diels-Adler Reaction. Experiment 51B. Conversion of the Diels-Adler Adduct to the Diester. Experiment 51C. Synthesizing the Polymer by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization ROMP) Essay. Diels-Alder Reaction and Insecticides. Experiment 52. The Diels-Alder Reaction of Cyclopentadiene with Maleic Anhydride. Experiment 53. Diels-Adler Reaction with Anthracine-9-Methanol. Experiment 54. Photoreduction of Benzophenone and Rearrangement of Benzpinacol to Benzopinacolone. Experiment 54A. Photoreduction of Benzophenone. Experiment 54B. Synthesis of ?-Benzopinacolone: The Acid-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Benzpinacol. Essay. Fireflies and Photochemistry. Experiment 55. Luminol. Essay. The Chemistry of Sweeteners. Experiment 56. Carbohydrates. Experiment 57. Analysis of a Diet Soft Drink by HPLC. Part IV: IDENTIFICATION OF ORGANIC SUBSTANCES. Experiment 58. Identification of Unknowns. Experiment 58A. Solubility Tests. Experiment 58B. Tests for the Elements (N, S, X). Experiment 58C. Tests for Unsaturation. Experiment 58D. Aldehydes and Ketones. Experiment 58E. Carboxylic Acids. Experiment 58F. Phenols. Experiment 58G. Amines. Experiment 58H. Alcohols. Experiment 58I. Esters. PART V: PROJECT-BASED EXPERIMENTS. Experiment 59. Preparation of a C-4 or C-5 Acetate Ester. Experiment 60. Competing Nucleophiles in SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Investigations Using 2-Pentanol and 3-Pentanol. Experiment 61. Friedel-Crafts Acylation. Experiment 62. The Analysis of Antihistamine Drugs by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Experiment 63. Carbonation of an Unknown Aromatic Halide. Experiment 64. The Aldehyde Enigma. Experiment 65. Synthesis of Substituted Chalcones: A Guided-Inquiry Experience. Experiment 66. Green Epoxidation of Chalcones. Experiment 67. Cyclopropanation Reactions of Chalcones. Experiment 68. Michael and Aldol Condensation Reactions. Experiment 69. Esterification Reactions of Vanillin: The Use of NMR to Determine a Structure. PART VI: THE TECHNIQUES. Technique 1. Laboratory Safety. Technique 2. The Laboratory Notebook, Calculations, and Laboratory Records. Technique 3. Laboratory Glassware: Care and Cleaning. Technique 4. How to Find Data for Compounds: Handbooks and Catalogues. Technique 5. Measurement of Volume and Weight. Technique 6. Heating and Cooling Methods. Technique 7. Reaction Methods. Technique 8. Filtration. Technique 9. Physical Constants of Solids: The Melting Point. Technique 10. Solubility. Technique 11. Crystallization: Purification of Solids. Technique 12. Extractions, Separations, and Drying Agents. Technique 13. Physical Constants of Liquids: The Boiling Point and Density. Technique 14. Simple Distillation. Technique 15. Fractional Distillation, Azeotropes. Technique 16. Vacuum Distillation, Manometers. Technique 17. Sublimation. Technique 18. Steam Distillation. Technique 19. Column Chromatography. Technique 20. Thin-Layer Chromatography. Technique 21. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Technique 22. Gas Chromatography. Technique 23. Polarimetry. Technique 24. Refractometry. Technique 25. Infrared Spectroscopy. Technique 26. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (Proton NMR). Technique 27. Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Technique 28. Mass Spectrometry. Technique 29. Guide to the Chemical Literature Appendix 1: Tables of Unknowns and Derivatives. Appendix 2: Procedure for Preparing Derivatives. Appendix 3: Index of Spectra.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Featuring new experiments, a new essay, and new coverage of nanotechnology, this organic chemistry laboratory textbook offers a comprehensive treatment of laboratory techniques including small scale and some microscale methods that use standard-scale ("macroscale") glassware and equipment. The book is organized based on essays and topics of current interest and covers a large number of traditional organic reactions and syntheses, as well as experiments with a biological or health science focus. Seven introductory technique-based experiments, thirteen project-based experiments, and sections on green chemistry and biofuels spark students' interest and engage them in the learning process. Instructors may choose to offer Cengage Learning's optional Premium Website, which contains videos on basic organic laboratory techniques.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Synthesis of Pyrroles and N-Vinylpyrroles by the Reaction of Ketones (Ketoximes) with Acetylenes Heterocyclization of ketoximes with acetylene Regioselectivity of the reaction Substituted acetylenes in reactions with ketoximes Vinyl halogenides and dihalogenethanes as synthetic equivalents of acetylene Intermediate stages and side reactions delta-Carbolines from 3-acylindoles and acetylene Reaction of ketoximes with acetylene in the presence of ketones. One-pot assembly of 4-methylen-3-oxa-1-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes Transformations of aldoximes in the systems MOH/DMSO and MOH/DMSO/acetylene Mechanism of pyrrole synthesis from ketoximes and acetylene Novel Aspects of NH- and N-Vinylpyrroles Reactivity Reaction with the participation of the pyrrole ring Reactions with participation of the vinyl group Conclusions References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

During the last 30 years, knowledge of the essential role that pyrrole structures play in the chemistry of living organisms, drug design, and the development of advanced materials has increased. Correspondingly, research on the diverse issues of synthetic, theoretical, and applied chemistry has snowballed. Devoted to the latest achievements of this field, Chemistry of Pyrroles covers the discovery and development of a novel, facile, and highly effective method for the construction of the pyrrole ring from ketones (ketoximes) and acetylene in superbase catalytic systems (Trofimov reaction). It provides cutting-edge details on the preparation of valuable but previously inaccessible pyrrole compounds. It includes approximately 1,000 structures of novel pyrrole compounds, their yields, and physical-chemical characteristics. The authors analyze conditions of typical syntheses, limitations of their applicability, and possibility of vinyl chloride or dichloroethane application instead of acetylene. They examine chemical engineering aspects of the first synthesis of tetrahydroindole and indole from commercially available oxime of cyclohexanone and acetylene. In addition, the book discusses new facets of pyrroles and N-vinyl pyrroles reactivity in the reactions with the participation of both the pyrrole ring and N-vinyl groups. The book provides condensed, clear-cut information on novel syntheses of substituted pyrroles as key structural units of living matter (chlorophyll and hemoglobin), pharmaceuticals, and monomers for optoelectronic materials. It includes tables that provide references to original works, forming a guide to a variety of the reactions and synthesized compounds discussed. With coverage of the broad range of pyrrole chemistry and methods for their synthesis, it provides both a theoretical and an experimental basis for drug design.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidations Manganese Systems Iron and Ruthenium Systems Titanium Systems Systems Based on Other Metals Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfoxidations Vanadium Systems Titanium Systems Iron Systems Systems Based on Other Metals Miscellaneous Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Oxidations Cis-Dihydroxylations of Olefins Baeyer-Villiger Oxidations Oxidative Kinetic Resolution of Secondary Alcohols and Desymmetrization of Meso-Diols Enantioselective Aerobic Oxidative Coupling of 2-Naphthols Enantioselective C-H Oxidations Organocatalytic Asymmetric Oxidations Epoxidations Miscellaneous Oxidations Fe- and Mn-Based Synthetic Models of Non-Heme Oygenases: Stereospecific C-H Oxidations Iron Systems Manganese Systems Active Species and Mechanisms of Non-Heme Fe- and Mn-Catalyzed Oxidations Iron Systems Manganese Systems Industrial Perspective General Remarks Some Examples Outlook.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Catalysis plays a vital role in chemical, petroleum, agriculture, polymer, electronics, pharmaceutical, and other industries. Over 90 percent of chemicals originate from catalytic processes. Toughening economic and environmental constraints have proven to be a challenge for meeting the demand of novel efficient and sustainable regio- and stereoselective catalyst systems. Environmentally Sustainable Catalytic Asymmetric Oxidations provides a comprehensive overview of existing ecologically friendly catalyst systems for various asymmetric oxidation processes. Topics include: * A survey of existing transition metal-based catalyst systems for asymmetric epoxidations (AEs) with O2 and H2O2 * Asymmetric sulfoxidations with H2O2 on chiral metal complexes * An overview of various transition metal-catalyzed oxidative transformations with H2O2 or O2 used as the terminal oxidant * Organocatalytic asymmetric oxidations * Catalytic processes of stereospecific oxidations of C-H functional groups * The role that oxoiron(V) intermediates play in chemo- and stereoselective oxidations catalyzed by non-heme iron complexes The book concludes with a discussion of the opportunities and problems associated with the industrial application of stereoselective processes of catalytic oxidation with H2O2 and O2. It also provides examples of processes with industrial potential. Some of the catalysts presented in this book may serve as promising alternatives for existing catalysts-progressively replacing them in manufacturing processes and ultimately making the chemical industry greener and cleaner.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Designed to supplement existing organic textbooks, Hybrid Retrosynthesis presents a relatively simple approach to solving synthesis problems, using a small library of basic reactions along with the computer searching capabilities of Reaxys and SciFinder. This clear, concise guide reviews the essential skills needed for organic synthesis and retrosynthesis, expanding reader knowledge of the foundational principles of these techniques, whilst supporting their use via practical methodologies. Perfect for both graduate and post-graduate students, Hybrid Retrosynthesis provides new applied skills and tools to help during their organic synthesis courses and future careers, whilst simultaneously acting as useful resource for those setting tutorial and group problems, and as a helpful go-to guide for organic chemists involved in either industry or academia. * Ideal revision and hands on learning guide for organic synthesis * Clearly explains the principles and practice of retrosynthesis, which is often not covered in other books * Encourages readers to practice their synthetic knowledge supported by real life examples.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Addressing a dynamic aspect of organic chemistry, this book describes synthetic strategies and applications for multicomponent reactions including key routes for synthesizing complex molecules. Illustrates the crucial role and the important utility of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) to organic syntheses Compiles novel and efficient synthetic multicomponent procedures to give readers a complete picture of this class of organic reactions Helps readers to design efficient and practical transformations using multicomponent reaction strategies Describes reaction background, applications to synthesize complex molecules and drugs, and reaction mechanisms.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 A Review of General Chemistry: Electrons, Bonds, and Molecular Properties 2 Molecular Representations 3 Acids and Bases 4 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes 5 Stereoisomerism 6 Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms 7 Substitution Reactions 8 Alkenes: Structure and Preparation via Elimination Reactions 9 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 10 Alkynes 11 Radical Reactions 12 Synthesis 13 Alcohols and Phenols 14 Ethers and Epoxides
• Thiols and Sulfides 15 Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry 16 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 17 Conjugated Pi Systems and Pericyclic Reactions 18 Aromatic Compounds 19 Aromatic Substitution Reactions 20 Aldehydes and Ketones 21 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives 22 Alpha Carbon Chemistry: Enols and Enolates 23 Amines 24 Carbohydrates 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Lipids 27 Synthetic Polymers.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

In Organic Chemistry, 2nd Edition, Dr. David Klein builds on his unique skills-based approach, including all of the concepts typically covered in an organic chemistry textbook, but placing special emphasis on skills development to support these concepts. This emphasis upon skills development provides two-semester Organic Chemistry students with a greater opportunity to develop proficiency in the key skills necessary to succeed in organic chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE ORGANIC LABORATORY
• Essay: Introduction to the Organic Laboratory 1. Safety in the Laboratory 2. Protecting the Environment 3. Laboratory Notebooks and Prelaboratory Information PART II: CARRYING OUT CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• Essay: Carrying Out Chemical Reactions 4. Laboratory Glassware 5. Measurements and Transferring Reagents 6. Heating and Cooling Methods 7. Carrying out Organic Reactions 8. Computational Chemistry PART III: BASIC METHODS FOR SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, AND ANALYSIS
• Essay: Intermolecular Forces in Organic Chemistry 9. Filtration 10. Extraction 11. Drying Organic Liquids and Recovering Reaction Products 12. Boiling Points and Distillation 13. Refractometry 14. Melting Points and Melting Ranges 15. Recrystallization 16. Sublimation 17. Optical Activity and Enantiomeric Analysis PART IV: CHROMATOGRAPHY
• Essay: Modern Chromatographic Separations 18. Thin-Layer Chromatography 19. Liquid Chromatography 20. Gas Chromatography
• PART V: SPECTROMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION METHODS
• Essay: The Spectrometric Revolution 21. Infrared Spectroscopy 22. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 23. 13C and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 24. Mass Spectrometry 25. Ultraviolet and Visible Spectroscopy 26 . Integrated Spectrometry Problems PART VI: DESIGNING AND CARRYING OUT ORGANIC EXPERIMENTS 27. Using the Literature of Organic Chemistry 28. Designing a Chemical Reaction.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Laboratory Techniques in Organic Chemistry" is the most comprehensive and detailed presentation of the lab techniques organic chemistry students need to know. Compatible with any organic chemistry lab manual or set of experiments, it combines specific instructions for three different kinds of laboratory glassware: miniscale, standard taper microscale, and Williamson microscale. It is written to provide effective support for guided-inquiry and design-based experiments and projects, as well as for traditional lab experiments.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Safety first, last, and always
• Keeping a notebook
• Interpreting a handbook
• Jointware.

This book presents the basic techniques of the organic chemistry laboratory with an emphasis on doing the work correctly the first time. New to this edition are discussions on safety in the laboratory with new consideration of the addition of such technology as the iPad, Nook, Kindle, and even text messaging. Updated discussion is added on Microscale; a number of NMR spectra have been added, with basic interpretation and suggestions on presentation of the data; and lastly, presentation of a more modern outline of the instrumentation of HPLC is included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of "Organic""Chemistry"follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)
This package includes a physical copy of Organic Chemistry, 7th edition by Paula Bruice as well as access to the eText and MasteringChemistry. All of Paula Bruice's extensive revisions to the Seventh Edition of Organic Chemistry follow a central guiding principle: support what modern students need in order to understand and retain what they learn in organic chemistry for successful futures in industry, research, and medicine. In consideration of today's classroom dynamics and the changes coming to the 2015 MCAT, this revision offers a completely new design with enhanced art throughout, reorganization of materials to reinforce fundamental skills and facilitate more efficient studying. MyLab and Mastering from Pearson improve results for students and educators. Used by over ten million students, they effectively engage learners at every stage. With proven success, Mastering has helped students make strides in learning for over 10 years. MasteringChemistry has immersive content and tools that are so engaging that Ann Verner, at the University of Toronto Scarborough, Canada, said, "MasteringChemistry is the best online chemistry homework program that I have used. The structure of the questions and the hints motivate the students to continue working on the problems, and the immediate feedback increases their confidence." With MasteringChemistry, students gain knowledge that they will use throughout their lives, and universities gain a partner deeply committed to helping students and educators achieve their goals. For students *Pearson eText gives you access to an eBook that can be used on the go, and allows you to highlight, search and take notes as you read online. Access to the eBook depends on the package you have bought. * You can work through the problems at your own pace, opening hints if you need help. If you make an error, you are given feedback based on that specific mistake so you can learn from it. *PhET simulations let you to get hands on to understand how the theory and daily life link up. These fun, interactive, research-based simulations of physical phenomena come from the PhET(TM) project at the University of Colorado. For educators *Online assignments, tests, quizzes can be easily created and assigned to students. *Gradebook: Assignments are automatically graded and visible at a glance. Register now to benefit from these resources. A student access code card is included with your textbook at a reduced cost. To register with your code, visit www.masteringchemistry.com. For educator access, contact your Pearson account manager. To find out who your account manager is, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk/replocator For more instructor resources available with this title, visit www.pearsoned.co.uk.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written by two expert teachers, the Fifth Edition of Organic Chemistry is written to support all kinds of learners whether students read the book, or use it as a reference. New Visualize, Understand, Draw sections help students draw molecules well, visualize how they are formed, and understand why reactions occur. The Fifth Edition has been revised to be more accessible, with a focus on the basics and more opportunities for problem-solving practice, while the robust media package helps students visualize organic chemistry.".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Structure Determines Properties 2 Alkanes and Cycloakanes: Introduction to Hydrocarbons 3 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Introduction to StereoChemistry 4 Alcohols and Alkyl Halides: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms 5 Structure and Preparation of Alkenes: Elimination Reactions 6 Addition Reactions of Alkenes 7 Chirality 8 Nucleophilic Substitution 9 Alkynes 10 Conjugation in Alkadienes and Allylic Systems 11 Arenes and Aromaticity 12 Electrophilic and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 13 Spectroscopy 14 Organometallic Compounds 15 Alcohols, Diols, and Thiols 16 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides 17 Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group 18 Carboxylic Acids 19 Acid Derivatives 20 Enols and Enolates 21 Amines 22 Phenols 23 Carbohydrates 24 Lipids 25 Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins 26 Nucleosides, Nucleotides, and Nucleic Acids 27 Synthetic Polymers
• Appendix 1 Physical Properties
• Appendix 2 Answers to In-Text Problems GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"A Market Leading, Traditional Approach to Organic Chemistry" For nine editions, "Organic Chemistry" has been designed to meet the needs of the "mainstream, " two-semester, undergraduate organic chemistry course. This best-selling text gives students a solid understanding of organic chemistry by stressing how fundamental reaction mechanisms function and reactions occur.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Machine generated contents note: 1.The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure
• 2. Families of Carbon Compounds : Functional Groups, Intermolecular Forces, and Infrared (IR)
• 3. An Introduction to Organic Reactions and Their Mechanisms: Acids and Bases
• 4. Nomenclature and Conformations of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereochemistry: Chiral Molecules
• 6. Ionic Reactions : Nucleophilic Substitution & Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
• 7. Alkenes & Alkynes I: Properties & Synthesis. Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
• 8. Alkenes & Alkynes II: Addition Reactions
• 9. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass Spectroscopy: Tools for Structure Determination
• 10. Radical Reactions
• 11. Alcohols & Ethers
• 12. Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds : Oxidation-Reduction & Organometallic Compounds
• 13. Conjugated Unsaturated Systems
• 14. Aromatic Compounds
• 15. Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
• 16. Aldehydes & Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition to the Carbonyl Group
• 17. Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives: Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination at the Acyl Carbon
• 18. Reactions at the [alpha] Carbon of Carbonyl Compounds: Enols and Enolates
• 19. Condensation and Conjugate Addition Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds : More Chemistry of Enolates
• 20. Amines
• 21. Phenols & Aryl Halides: Nucleophilic Aromatic SubstitutionSpecial Topic G: Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming and Other Reactions of Transition Metal Organometallic Compounds
• 22. Carbohydrates
• 23. Lipids
• 24. Amino Acids & Proteins
• 25. Nucleic Acids & Protein Synthesis .

"Now in a new edition, this book continues its tradition of excellence in teaching and preparing students for success in the organic classroom and beyond. A central theme of the authors' approach to organic chemistry is to emphasize the relationship between structure and reactivity. To accomplish this, the text is organized in a way that combines the most useful features of a functional group approach with one largely based on reaction mechanisms. Emphasizing mechanisms and their common aspects as often as possible, this book shows students what organic chemistry is, how it works, and what it does in living systems and the physical world around us"-- Provided by publisher.

• Preface Prologue Chapter 1 Structure and Bonding Chapter 2 Acids and Bases Chapter 3 Introduction to Organic Molecules and Functional Groups Chapter 4 Alkanes Chapter 5 Stereochemistry Chapter 6 Understanding Organic Reactions Chapter 7 Alkyl Halides and Nucleophilic Substitution Chapter 8 Alkyl Halides and Elimination Reactions Chapter 9 Alcohols, Ethers, and Epoxides Chapter 10 Alkenes Chapter 11 Alkynes Chapter 12 Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 13 Mass Spectrometry and Infrared Spectroscopy Chapter 14 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Chapter 15 Radical Reactions Chapter 16 Conjugation, Resonance, and Dienes Chapter 17 Benzene and Aromatic Compounds Chapter 18 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds Chapter 19 Carboxylic Acids and Acidity of the O-H Bond Chapter 20 Introduction to Carbonyl Chemistry: Organometallic Reagents
• Oxidation and Reduction Chapter 21 Aldehydes and Ketones-Nucleophilic Addition Chapter 22 Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives-Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution Chapter 23 Substitution Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds at the a-Carbon Chapter 24 Carbonyl Condensation Reactions Chapter 25 Amines Chapter 26 Carbon-Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions in Organic Synthesis Chapter 27 Pericyclic Reactions Chapter 28 Carbohydrates Chapter 29 Amino Acids and Proteins Chapter 30 Lipids Chapter 31 Synthetic Polymers Appendices Glossary Credits Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Serious Science with an Approach Built for Today's Students Smith's Organic Chemistry continues to breathe new life into the organic chemistry world. This new fourth edition retains its popular delivery of organic chemistry content in a student-friendly format. Janice Smith draws on her extensive teaching background to deliver organic chemistry in a way in which students learn: with limited use of text paragraphs, and through concisely written bulleted lists and highly detailed, well-labeled "teaching" illustrations. Don't make your text decision without seeing Organic Chemistry, 4th edition by Janice Gorzynski Smith!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Chemical bonding and molecules
• 2. Molecular structure and shapes of organic molecules
• 3. Organic compounds: their functional groups, intermolecular interactions and physical properties
• 4. Conformation and strain in molecules
• 5. Conjugation, pi-electrion delocalization, and aromaticity
• 6. Acids and bases
• 7. Organic reactions and concept of mechanism
• 8. Nucleophilic addition to the carbonyl group in aldehydes and ketones
• 9. Nucleophilic substitution of carboxylic acid derivatives
• 10. Reactions of carbonyl compounds with hydride donors and organometallic reagents
• 11. Stereochemistry and molecular chirality
• 12. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds
• 13. Elimination reactions of haloalkanes and related compounds
• 14. Reactions of alcohols, ethers, thiols, sulfides, and amines
• 15. Addition reactions of alkenes and alkynes
• 16. Enolate anions and their reactions
• 17. Enolate ions, their equivalents and reactions
• 18. Reactions of nucleophiles with alkenes and aromatic compounds
• 19. Polycyclic and heterocyclic aromatic compounds
• 20. Rearrangement reactions
• 21. Pericyclic reactions: cycloadditions, electrocyclic reactions, and sigmatropic rearrangements
• 22. Rearrangement reactions involving polar molecules and ions
• 23. Biomolecules
• 24. Chemistry of biomolecules
• 25. Structural determination of organic compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic Chemistry: A mechanistic approach provides readers with a concise review of the essential concepts underpinning the subject. It combines a focus on core topics and themes with a mechanistic approach to the explanation of the reactions it describes, making it ideal for those looking for a solid understanding of the central themes of organic chemistry. Opening with a review of chemical bonding and molecular shape and structure, the book then introduces the principal groups of organic compound before exploring the range of reactions they undergo. It retains an emphasis throughout on how and why organic compounds behave in the way they do, with a chapter on how mechanisms are investigated and the closing chapter describing the principal methods by which the structure and composition of organic compounds are studied. With an understanding of organic chemistry being central to the study and practice of a range of disciplines, Organic Chemistry is the ideal resource for those studying a one- or two-semester organic chemistry course as part of a broader programme of study in the physical and life sciences. Online Resource Centre: For registered adopters of the book: -Figures from the book in electronic format -Answers to end-of-chapter problems -Examples of organic synthesis reactions, related to topics covered in the book, for use in teaching -Additional problems (with answers), to augment those included in the book For students: -Answers to in-chapter exercises -3D-rotatable models of numerous compounds featured in the book -Multiple-choice questions for each chapter, to help students check their understanding of topics they have learned.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Joel Karty has dedicated nearly a decade developing a teaching approach and textbook that is organized by mechanism, promotes learning by doing, and provides students with the background and support they need to be successful in organic chemistry as well as pre-professional placement exams like the MCAT. Karty s organization, conversational writing style, and interactive pedagogy facilitate understanding rather than memorization and place the emphasis back on mechanisms.".
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules
• 2. Structure and Reactivity
• 3. Reactions of Alkanes
• 4. Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereoisomers
• 6. Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 8. Hydroxy Functional Group: Alcohols
• 9. Further Reactions of Alcohols and the Chemistry of Ethers
• 10. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Deduce Structure
• 11. Alkenes: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• 12. Reactions of Alkenes
• 13. Alkynes
• 14. Delocalized Pi Systems
• 15. Benzene and Aromaticity
• 16. Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene
• 17. Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18. Enols, Enolates and the Aldol Condensation
• 19. Carboxylic Acids
• 20. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 21. Amines and Their Derivatives
• 22. Chemistry of Benzene Substituents
• 23. Ester Enolates and the Claisen Condensation
• 24. Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature
• 25. Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds
• 26. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen-Containing Polymers in Nature.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

With authors who are accomplished researchers and educators, Organic Chemistry helps students understand the connection between structure and function to prepare them to understand mechanisms and solve practical problems in organic chemistry. The new edition brings in the latest research breakthroughs and includes expanded problem-solving help.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface
• INTRODUCTION Reaction Mechanism and Reaction Arrows Properties and Characteristics of a Reaction Summary
• CARBOCATIONS Introduction History Sturctures and Geometry of Carbocations Generation of Carbocation Carbocation Stability Detection of Carbocations Fate of Carbocations Nonclassical Carbocations Radical Cations Summary
• CARBANIONS Structure and Geometry of Carbanions Generation of Carbanions Stability of Carbanions Reactions of Carbanions Enolate Reactions with Carbonyl Groups Rearrangements of Carbanions Chiral Carbanions Carbanions and Tautomerism Summary
• RADICALS Introduction Detection and Characterization of Radicals Structure and Bonding of Radicals Generation of Free Radicals Stability of Radicals Reactions of Free Radicals Stereochemistry of Radical Reactions Biradicals Summary
• CARBENES Structure and Geometry of Carbenes Generation of Carbenes Reactions of Carbenes Carbenes and Carbene Ligands in Organometallic Chemistry Summary
• NITRENES Introduction Structure and Reactivity Generation of Nitrenes Reactions of Nitrenes Summary
• MISCELLANEOUS INTERMEDIATES Arynes Ketenes and Cumulenes ortho-Quinone Methides Zwitterions and Dipoles Antiaromatic Systems Tetrahedral Intermediates Summary
• Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Most reactions in organic chemistry do not proceed in a single step but rather take several steps to yield the desired product. In the course of these multi-step reaction sequences, short-lived intermediates can be generated that quickly convert into other intermediates, reactants, products or side products. As these intermediates are highly reactive, they cannot usually be isolated, but their existence and structure can be proved by theoretical and experimental methods. Using the information obtained, researchers can better understand the underlying reaction mechanism of a certain organic transformation and thus develop novel strategies for efficient organic synthesis. The chapters are clearly structured and are arranged according to the type of intermediate, providing information on the formation, characterization, stereochemistry, stability, and reactivity of the intermediates. Additionally, representative examples and a problem section with different levels of difficulty are included for self-testing the newly acquired knowledge. By providing a deeper understanding of the underlying concepts, this is a musthave reference for PhD and Master Students in organic chemistry, as well as a valuable source of information for chemists in academia and industry working in the field. It is also ideal as primary or supplementary reading for courses on organic chemistry, physical organic chemistry or analytical chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface: A User's Guide to Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function
• 1. Structure and Bonding in Organic Molecules
• 2. Structure and Reactivity
• 3. Reactions of Alkanes
• 4. Cycloalkanes
• 5. Stereoisomers
• 6. Properties and Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 7. Further Reactions of Haloalkanes
• 8. Hydroxy Functional Group: Alcohols: Properties, Preparation, and Strategy of Synthesis
• 9. Further Reactions of Alcohols and the Chemistry of Ethers
• 10. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to Deduce Structure
• 11. Alkenes: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry
• 12. Reactions of Alkenes
• 13. Alkynes
• 14. Delocalized Pi Systems
• 15. Benzene and Aromaticity
• 16. Electrophilic Attack on Derivatives of Benzene
• 17. Aldehydes and Ketones
• 18. Enols, Enolates and the Aldol Condensation
• 19. Carboxylic Acids
• 20. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
• 21. Amines and Their Derivatives
• 22. Chemistry of Benzene Substituents
• 23. Ester Enolates and the Claisen Condensation
• 24. Carbohydrates: Polyfunctional Compounds in Nature
• 25. Heterocycles: Heteroatoms in Cyclic Organic Compounds
• 26. Amino Acids, Peptides, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids: Nitrogen-Containing.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This manual includes chapter introductions that highlight new materials, chapter outlines, detailed comments for each chapter section, a glossary, and solutions to the problems, presented in a way that shows students how to reason their way to the answer.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)