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The electrophoresis techniques are used in medicine, biochemistry, analytical chemistry, and biology to separate soluble and insoluble proteins, nucleic acids, chromosomes, viruses, as well as lysosomes, mitochondria, ribosomes and other cell organelles, red cells, tissue cells, and parasites. This book provides a view over the old electrophoresis techniques, as well as the recent developments in electrophoresis. Electrophoresis Fundamentals is based on the recent book Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice published in 2020 by De Gruyter. The previous book combines theory and technical applications with troubleshooting and problem solving. While Electrophoresis is intended for specialists, Electrophoresis Fundamentals is a book for laboratory technicians, students, biochemists, general practitioners, and more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction and Overview
• DNA and RNA Structure
• Nucleosides and Nucleotides
• Genes and Genomes
• RNA Transcription, Processing, Modification and Translation
• Noncoding RNA
• Synthesis of Nucleic Acids
• DNA and RNA Sequencing
• Nucleic Acid Therapeutics
• In Vitro Evolution and Aptamers
• Covalent Modifications of Nucleic Acids and Their Repair
• Reversible Small Molecule-Nucleic Acid Interactions
• Protein-DNA Interactions
• RNA-Protein Interactions
• Physical and Structural Techniques Applied to Nucleic Acids (Online Chapter).
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The structure, function and reactions of nucleic acids are central to molecular biology and medicine and are crucial for understanding of the ever-expanding range of complex biological processes involved which are central to life. Revised, extended, updated and lavishly illustrated, this 4th Edition of Nucleic Acids in Chemistry and Biology is a long-awaited standard text for teaching and research in nucleic acids science. It maintains the close integration of chemistry and biology that characterised the earlier editions and contains a major expansion largely focused on the burgeoning growth of RNA science. Written by an international team of leading experts, all with extensive teaching experience, this 4th Edition provides up-to-date and extended coverage of the reactions and interactions of RNA and DNA with proteins and drugs. A brief history of the discovery of nucleic acids is followed by a molecule-based introduction to the structure and biological roles of DNA and RNA and the basics of Genes and Genomes. New key chapters are devoted to non-coding RNA, nucleic acids sequencing, nucleic acid therapeutics, in vitro evolution and aptamers, and protein-RNA interactions. The text is linked to an extensive list of references to make it a definitive reference source. This authoritative volume presents topics in an integrated manner and readable style with full colour illustrations throughout. It is ideal for graduate and undergraduate students of chemistry and biochemistry, biophysics and biotechnology, and molecular biology and medicine. It will be a guidebook for new researchers to the field of nucleic acids science.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• The Impact of Electric Fields on Chemical Structure and Reactivity
• Experimentally Harnessing Electric Fields in Chemical Transformations
• Recent Advances in Designed Local Electric Fields
• Principles of Molecular Devices Operated by Electric Fields
• Computational Generation and Quantification of Electric Fields and Electrostatics-mediated Catalyst Optimization
• Electrostatic Fields in Biophysical Chemistry
• Molecular Dynamics in the Presence of External Electric Fields
• Manipulation of Molecules by Combined Permanent and Induced Dipole Forces
• Cavity-modified Chemistry: Towards Vacuum-field Catalysis
• An Introduction to Laser-fields Effects on Chemical Reactivity.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Electric-field-mediated chemistry is an emerging topic that is rapidly growing and fanning out in many directions. It involves theoretical and experimental aspects, as well as intense interplay between them, including breakthrough achievements such as the proof-of-principle that a Diels-Alder reaction, which involves two simultaneous C-C bond making events, can be catalysed or inhibited simply by changing the direction of an oriented external-electric field (OEEF). This productive interplay between the theoretical and experimental branches of chemistry is continuing, and gradually defining a new sub-field wherein various sources of electric fields, whether external or built-in and designed, or even surface induced fields (plasmons), are brought to bear on chemical reactions, molecular structures, and nano-systems, leading to control of reactivity, selectivity, chirality, molecular orientations, changes in structure, and in dynamics. Written by leaders in the field, Effects of Electric Fields on Structure and Reactivity is the first book on this exciting topic. Starting with an overview of the theory behind - and demonstrations of the effect of - electric fields on structure and reactivity, this accessible reference work aims to encourage those new to the field to consider harnessing these effects in their own work. Covering applications and recent theoretical developments, it is a useful resource for theoretical chemists and experimentalists alike.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1. The Nature of Analytical Chemistry
• Part 1: Quality of Analytical Measurements 2.Calculations Used In Analytical Chemistry 3.Precision and Accuracy of Chemical Analysis 4.Random Errors in Chemical Analysis 5.Statistical Data Treatment and Evaluation 6.Sampling, Standardization and Calibration Part II Chemical Equilibria 7.Aqueous Solutions and Chemical Equilibria 8.Effect of Electrolytes on Chemical Equilibria 9.Solving Equilibrium Problems for Complex Systems Part III Classical Methods of Analysis 10.Gravimetric Methods of Analysis 11.Titrations in Analytical Chemistry 12.Principles of Neutralization Titrations 13.Complex Acid/Base Systems 14.Applications of Neutralization Titrations 15.Complexation and Precipitation Reactions and Titrations Part IV Electrochemical Methods 16.Introduction to Electrochemistry 17.Applications of Standard Electrode Potentials 18.Applications of Oxidation/Reduction Titrations 19.Potentiometry 20.Bulk Electrolysis: Electrogravimetry and Coulometry 21.Voltammetry Part VSpectrochemical Analysis 22.Introduction to Spectrochemical Methods 23.Instruments for Optical Spectrometry 24.Molecular Absorption Spectroscopy 25.Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy 26.Atomic Spectroscopy 27.Mass Spectrometry Part VI Kinetics and Separations 28.Kinetic Methods of Analysis 29.Introduction to Analytical Separations 30.Gas Chromatography 31.High-Performance Liquid Chromatography 32.Miscellaneous Separation Methods Part VII Practical Aspects of Chemical Analysis Chapters 33-37 are available as pdf files on the Web 33.Analysis of Real Samples 34.Preparing Samples for Analysis 35.Decomposing and Desolving the Sample 36.Chemicals. Apparatus, and Unit Operations of Analytical Chemistry 37.Selected Methods of Analysis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Discover the principles and practices behind analytical chemistry as you study its applications in medicine, industry and the sciences with Skoog/West/Holler/Crouch's FUNDAMENTALS OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, 10th Edition. This award-winning author team presents the latest developments in analytical chemistry today using a reader-friendly yet systematic and thorough approach. Each chapter begins with a compelling story and stunning visuals. Dynamic photos from renowned chemistry photographer Charlie Winters capture attention while reinforcing key principles. New features highlight chemistry-related careers. You also learn how to use Excel 2019 as a problem-solving tool in analytical chemistry with new exercises, examples and a no-cost supplement by the text authors. OWLv2 online homework tool is also available to help you master the principles of analytical chemistry today.
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"Available for the first time in Achieve, the definitive reference text for biochemistry Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 8e helps students focus on the most important aspects of biochemistry-- the principles! Dave Nelson, Michael Cox, and new co-author Aaron Hoskins identify the most important principles of biochemistry and direct student attention to these with icons and resources targeted to each principle."-- Provided by publisher

Chirality and stereogenicity are closely related concepts and their differentiation and description is still a challenge in chemoinformatics. In his 2015 book, Fujita developed a new stereoisogram approach that provided theoretical framework for mathematical aspects of modern stereochemistry. This new edition includes a new chapter on Computer-Oriented Representations developed by the author based on Groups, Algorithms, Programming (GAP) system.
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"Since the publication of Organic Chemistry in 2005, chemistry has witnessed a rapid growth in its understanding of the biological world. The molecular basis of many complex biological processes is now known with certainty, and can be explained by applying the basic principles of organic chemistry. Because of the close relationship between chemistry and many biological phenomena, Organic Chemistry with Biological Topics presents an approach to traditional organic chemistry that incorporates the discussion of biological applications that are understood using the fundamentals of organic chemistry"-- Provided by publisher.

This is a Student Solutions Manual to accompany Physical Chemistry, 5th Edition. Ever since Physical Chemistry was first published in 1913, it has remained a highly effective and relevant learning tool thanks to the efforts of physical chemists from all over the world. Each new edition has benefited from their suggestions and expert advice. The result of this remarkable tradition is now in your hands.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.1 Theoretical Introduction 1.2 Sample Preparation and Measurement of Spectra 1.3 Chromophores 1.4 Applications of UV/Vis Spectroscopy 1.5 Derivative Spectroscopy 1.6 Chiroptical Methods
• 2 Infrared and Raman Spectra 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Basic Principles 2.3 Infrared Spectrometer 2.4 Sample Preparation 2.5 Infrared Spectrum 2.6 Characteristic Absorptions: An Overview 2.7 Infrared Absorptions of Single Bonds with Hydrogen 2.8 Infrared Absorptions of Triple Bonds and Cumulated Double Bonds 2.9 Infrared Absorptions of Double Bonds C=O, C=N, N=N, and N=O 2.10 Infrared Absorption of Aromatic Compounds 2.11 Infrared Absorption in the Fingerprint Range 2.12 Examples of Infrared Spectra 2.13 Information Technology Assisted Spectroscopy 2.14 Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy 2.15 Raman Spectroscopy
• 3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 3.1 Physical Principles 3.2 NMR Spectra and Molecular Structure 3.3 1H NMR Spectroscopy 3.4 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.5 Combination of 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy 3.6 NMR of other Nuclei
• 4 Mass Spectrometry 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General Aspects of Mass Spectrometry 4.3 Instrumental Aspects 4.4 Interpretation of Spectra and Structural Elucidation 4.5 Sample Preparation 4.6 Artifacts 4.7 Tables to the Mass Spectrometry
• 5 Handling of Spectra and Analytical Data: Practical Examples 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterization of Compounds 5.3 Structure Elucidation of Allegedly Known Compounds and of Products Arising from Syntheses 5.4 Structure Elucidation of COmpletely Unknown Compounds.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Boost your knowledge of modern spectroscopic methods! This reference work provides you with essential knowledge for the application of modern spectroscopic methods in organic chemistry. All methods are explained based on typical practical examples, theoretical aspects, and applications. The following spectroscopic methods are explained and examples are given: UV/Vis Spectroscopy Infrared (IR) and Raman Spectroscopy Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR) Mass Spectrometry (MS) The textbook has been a standard reference for decades. As it conveys necessary knowledge for examinations at all universities it is compulsory reading for every organic chemistry student!.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Mechanistic Aspects of Carbon-Boron Bond Formation
• 3 Diboron Compounds: Synthesis and Applications
• 4 Synthesis of gem-Diboron Compounds from Diboron Reagents
• 5 anti Boron Addition to Alkynes
• 6 Borylation of Carbonyl and Imine Groups
• 7 Borylative Ring Opening
• 8 Borylative Ring Closing
• 9 Decarbonylative/Decarboxylative Borylation
• 10 Borylation Reactions in Water
• 11 Nanocatalyzed Borylation Reactions
• 12 Reactions through Radical Boryl Moieties
• 13 Boron "Ate" Complexes for Asymmetric Synthesis
• 14 Application of Selective Asymmetric Borylation to Target Compounds.
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Harnessing the versatile reactivity of boron for organic synthesis The widespread use of organoboron compounds justifies the efforts devoted to their synthesis, as well as toward developing an understanding of their reactivity. The nature of the mono- or diboron species is of paramount importance in determining the reversible covalent binding properties of the boron atom with both nucleophiles and electrophiles. By wedding the rich chemical potential of organoboron compounds to the ubiquity of organic scaffolds, advanced borylation reactions have the potential to open unprecedented synthetic alternatives, and new knowledge in the field should encourage chemists to use organoboron compounds. In this volume, the main objective is to provide a collection of the most useful, practical, and reliable methods, reported mainly within the last decade, for boron activation and boron reactivity. The volume covers the main concepts of organoboron compounds and includes experimental procedures, enabling newcomers to the field the instant and reliable application of the new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for a comprehensive coverage, the most advanced solutions for challenging transformations are introduced. To this end, a team of pioneers and leaders in the field have been assembled who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter Opening Vignettes Biochemistry in Perspective Essays Biochemistry in the Lab Boxes Preface General and Organic Chemistry Review Primer
• 1. Biochemistry: An Introduction
• 2. Living Cells
• 3. Water: The Matrix of Life
• 4. Energy
• 5. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins
• 6. Enzymes
• 7. Carbohydrates
• 8. Carbohydrate Metabolism
• 9. Aerobic Metabolism I: The Citric Acid Cycle
• 10. Aerobic Metabolism II: Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation
• 11. Lipids and Membranes
• 12. Lipid Metabolism
• 13. Photosynthesis
• 14. Nitrogen Metabolism I: Synthesis
• 15. Nitrogen Metabolism II: Degradation
• 16. Integration of Metabolism
• 17. Nucleic Acids
• 18. Genetic Information
• 19. Protein Synthesis Appendix: Solutions Credits.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life is an intermediate, one-semester text written for students on degree pathways in Chemistry, Biology, and other Health and Life Sciences. Designed for students who need a solid introduction to biochemistry, but are not specializing in the subject, the text focuses on essential biochemical principles that underpin the modern life sciences, and offers the most balanced coverage of chemistry and biology of any text on the market. The text equips students with a complete view of the living state, emphasizes problem solving, and applies biochemical principles to the fields of Health, Agriculture, Engineering, and Forensics, to show students the relevance of their learning. McKee and McKee is respected for its balance of biology and chemistry, consistently placing biochemical principles into the context of the physiology of the cell and biomedical applications.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

For courses in chemistry. Actively engage students to become expert problem solvers and critical thinkers Nivaldo Tro's Chemistry: A Molecular Approach presents chemistry visually through multi-level images-macroscopic, molecular, and symbolic representations-to help students see the connections between the world they see around them, the atoms and molecules that compose the world, and the formulas they write down on paper. Interactive, digital versions of select worked examples instruct students how to break down problems using Tro's unique "Sort, Strategize, Solve, and Check" technique and then complete a step in the example. To build conceptual understanding, Dr. Tro employs an active learning approach through interactive media that requires students to pause during videos to ensure they understand before continuing. The 5th Edition pairs digital, pedagogical innovation with insights from learning design and educational research to create an active, integrated, and easy-to-use framework. The new edition introduces a fully integrated book and media package that streamlines course set up, actively engages students in becoming expert problem solvers, and makes it possible for professors to teach the general chemistry course easily and effectively. Also available with Mastering Chemistry By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, Mastering personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student.The fully integrated and complete media package allows instructors to engage students before they come to class, hold them accountable for learning during class, and then confirm that learning after class. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; Mastering Chemistry does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with Mastering Chemistry, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and Mastering Chemistry, search for: 0134988809 / 9780134988801 Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package Package consists of: 0134874374 / 9780134874371 Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 013498854X / 9780134988542 Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Chemistry: A Molecular Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1.1 Metal/Metal Dual Catalysis 1.1.1 General Principles of Metal/Metal Dual Catalysis 1.1.2 Palladium/Copper and Palladium/Nickel Dual Catalysis 1.1.3 Rhodium/Palladium Dual Catalysis 1.1.4 Iridium/Zinc and Iridium/Copper Dual Catalysis 1.1.5 Gold/Iron Dual Catalysis 1.1.6 Gold Dual Catalysis with Palladium, Nickel, or Rhodium 1.1.7 Gold/Gold Dual Catalysis 1.2 Transition-Metal/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 1.2.1 General Principles of Transition-Metal/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 1.2.2 Nickel/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 1.2.3 Palladium/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 1.2.4 Gold/Photocatalysis Dual Catalysis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 2.1 Metal/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.1.1 General Principles of Metal/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.1.2 Palladium/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.1.3 Gold/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.1.4 Rhodium/Organocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.2 Metal/Biocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.3 Dual Catalysis with Two Organocatalysts 2.4 Organocatalyst/Photocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.5 Organocatalyst/Biocatalyst Dual Catalysis 2.6 Dual Catalysis with Two or More Biocatalysts.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of dual catalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade, and these volumes define its impact on organic synthesis. The most important, basic concepts of synergistic, dual catalytic cycles are introduced, providing newcomers to the field with reliable information on this new approach to facilitating the synthesis of organic molecules. Background information and reliable procedures for challenging transformations in synthesis are presented, applying the concept of cooperative dual catalysis as a means of increasing molecular complexity in the most efficient manner. The most useful, practical, and reliable methods for dual catalysis combining metal catalysts, organocatalysts, photocatalysts, and biocatalysts are presented.
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• Chapter 1 Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.1 How to Read Bond-Line Drawings 1 1.2 How to Draw Bond-Line Drawings 4 1.3 Mistakes to Avoid 6 1.4 More Exercises 6 1.5 Identifying Formal Charges 8 1.6 Finding Lone Pairs that are Not Drawn 11 Chapter 2 Resonance 15 2.1 What is Resonance? 15 2.2 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures 16 2.3 The Two Commandments 17 2.4 Drawing Good Arrows 20 2.5 Formal Charges in Resonance Structures 22 2.6 Drawing Resonance Structures-Step by Step 25 2.7 Drawing Resonance Structures-by Recognizing Patterns 29 2.8 Assessing the Relative Importance of Resonance Structures 36 Chapter 3 Acid-Base Reactions 41 3.1 Factor 1-What Atom is the Charge On? 41 3.2 Factor 2-Resonance 44 3.3 Factor 3-Induction 47 3.4 Factor 4-Orbitals 49 3.5 Ranking the Four Factors 50 3.6 Other Factors 53 3.7 Quantitative Measurement (pKa Values) 54 3.8 Predicting the Position of Equilibrium 54 3.9 Showing a Mechanism 55 Chapter 4 Geometry 57 4.1 Orbitals and Hybridization States 57 4.2 Geometry 60 4.3 Lone Pairs 62 Chapter 5 Nomenclature 64 5.1 Functional Group 65 5.2 Unsaturation 66 5.3 Naming the Parent Chain 67 5.4 Naming Substituents 70 5.5 Stereoisomerism 72 5.6 Numbering 74 5.7 Common Names 78 5.8 Going from a Name to a Structure 79 Chapter 6 Conformations 80 6.1 How to Draw a Newman Projection 80 6.2 Ranking the Stability of Newman Projections 84 6.3 Drawing Chair Conformations 86 6.4 Placing Groups on the Chair 90 6.5 Ring Flipping 93 6.6 Comparing the Stability of Chairs 99 6.7 Don't Be Confused by the Nomenclature 102 Chapter 7 Configurations 103 7.1 Locating Chiral Centers 103 7.2 Determining the Configuration of a Chiral Center 106 7.3 Nomenclature 113 7.4 Drawing Enantiomers 116 7.5 Diastereomers 120 7.6 Meso Compounds 121 7.7 Drawing Fischer Projections 123 7.8 Optical Activity 127 Chapter 8 Mechanisms 129 8.1 Introduction to Mechanisms 129 8.2 Nucleophiles and Electrophiles 129 8.3 Basicity vs. Nucleophilicity 131 8.4 Arrow-Pushing Patterns for Ionic Mechanisms 133 8.5 Carbocation Rearrangements 138 8.6 Information Contained in a Mechanism 142 Chapter 9 Substitution Reactions 145 9.1 The Mechanisms 145 9.2 Factor 1-The Electrophile (Substrate) 147 9.3 Factor 2-The Nucleophile 149 9.4 Factor 3-The Leaving Group 151 9.5 Factor 4-The Solvent 153 9.6 Using All Four Factors 155 9.7 Substitution Reactions Teach Us Some Important Lessons 156 Chapter 10 Elimination Reactions 157 10.1 The E2 Mechanism 157 10.2 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 158 10.3 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E2 Reaction 159 10.4 The E1 Mechanism 162 10.5 The Regiochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 163 10.6 The Stereochemical Outcome of an E1 Reaction 164 10.7 Substitution vs. Elimination 164 10.8 Determining the Function of the Reagent 165 10.9 Identifying the Mechanism(s) 167 10.10 Predicting the Products 169 Chapter 11 Addition Reactions 172 11.1 Terminology Describing Regiochemistry 172 11.2 Terminology Describing Stereochemistry 174 11.3 Adding H and H 180 11.4 Adding H and X, Markovnikov 183 11.5 Adding H and Br, Anti-Markovnikov 188 11.6 Adding H and OH, Markovnikov 192 11.7 Adding H and OH, Anti-Markovnikov 194 11.8 Synthesis Techniques 198 11.9 Adding Br and Br
• Adding Br and OH 204 11.10 Adding OH and OH, Anti 209 11.11 Adding OH and OH, syn 211 11.12 Oxidative Cleavage of an Alkene 213 Summary of Reactions 214 Chapter 12 Alkynes 216 12.1 Structure and Properties of Alkynes 216 12.2 Preparation of Alkynes 218 12.3 Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes 219 12.4 Reduction of Alkynes 221 12.5 Hydration of Alkynes 224 12.6 Keto-Enol Tautomerization 227 12.7 Ozonolysis of Alkynes 232 Chapter 13 Alcohols 234 13.1 Naming and Designating Alcohols 234 13.2 Predicting Solubility of Alcohols 235 13.3 Predicting Relative Acidity of Alcohols 237 13.4 Preparing Alcohols: A Review 239 13.5 Preparing Alcohols via Reduction 240 13.6 Preparing Alcohols via Grignard Reactions 246 13.7 Summary of Methods for Preparing Alcohols 249 13.8 Reactions of Alcohols: Substitution and Elimination 250 13.9 Reactions of Alcohols: Oxidation 253 13.10 Converting an Alcohol into an Ether 255 Chapter 14 Ethers and Epoxides 257 14.1 Introduction to Ethers 257 14.2 Preparation of Ethers 259 14.3 Reactions of Ethers 261 14.4 Preparation of Epoxides 262 14.5 Ring-Opening Reactions of Epoxides 264 Chapter 15 Synthesis 270 15.1 One-Step Syntheses 271 15.2 Multistep Syntheses 283 15.3 Retrosynthetic Analysis 284 15.4 Creating Your Own Problems 285 Detailed Solutions 287 Index 381.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. Covering the initial half of the course, Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: First Semester Topics reviews critical principles and explains their relevance to the rest of the course. Each section provides hands-on exercises and step-by-step explanations to help students fully comprehend classroom lectures and textbook content. Now in its fifth edition, this valuable study resource covers the characteristics of molecules, the nature of atomic bonds, the relationships between different types of molecules, drawing and naming molecules, and essential molecular reactions.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chapter 1 Aromaticity 1 1.1 Introduction to Aromatic Compounds 1 1.2 Nomenclature of Aromatic Compounds 2 1.3 Criteria for Aromaticity 6 1.4 Lone Pairs 9
• Chapter 2 IR Spectroscopy 11 2.1 Vibrational Excitation 11 2.2 IR Spectra 13 2.3 Wavenumber 13 2.4 Signal Intensity 18 2.5 Signal Shape 19 2.6 Analyzing an IR Spectrum 26
• Chapter 3 NMR Spectroscopy 33 3.1 Chemical Equivalence 33 3.2 Chemical Shift (Benchmark Values) 36 3.3 Integration 41 3.4 Multiplicity 44 3.5 Pattern Recognition 46 3.6 Complex Splitting 48 3.7 No Splitting 49 3.8 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (Degrees of Unsaturation) 50 3.9 Analyzing a Proton NMR Spectrum 53 3.10 13C NMR Spectroscopy 57
• Chapter 4 Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 60 4.1 Halogenation and the Role of Lewis Acids 61 4.2 Nitration 65 4.3 Friedel-Crafts Alkylation and Acylation 67 4.4 Sulfonation 74 4.5 Activation and Deactivation 78 4.6 Directing Effects 80 4.7 Identifying Activators and Deactivators 89 4.8 Predicting and Exploiting Steric Effects 99 4.9 Synthesis Strategies 106
• Chapter 5 Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.1 Criteria for Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution 112 5.2 SNAr Mechanism 114 5.3 Elimination-Addition 120 5.4 Mechanism Strategies 125
• Chapter 6 Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.1 Preparation of Ketones and Aldehydes 127 6.2 Stability and Reactivity of C===O Bonds 130 6.3 H-Nucleophiles 132 6.4 O-Nucleophiles 137 6.5 S-Nucleophiles 147 6.6 N-Nucleophiles 149 6.7 C-Nucleophiles 157 6.8 Exceptions to the Rule 166 6.9 How to Approach Synthesis Problems 170
• Chapter 7 Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.1 Reactivity of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives 176 7.2 General Rules 177 7.3 Acid Halides 181 7.4 Acid Anhydrides 189 7.5 Esters 191 7.6 Amides and Nitriles 200 7.7 Synthesis Problems 209
• Chapter 8 Enols and Enolates 217 8.1 Alpha Protons 217 8.2 Keto-Enol Tautomerism 219 8.3 Reactions Involving Enols 223 8.4 Making Enolates 226 8.5 Haloform Reaction 229 8.6 Alkylation of Enolates 232 8.7 Aldol Reactions 236 8.8 Claisen Condensation 242 8.9 Decarboxylation 249 8.10 Michael Reactions 256
• Chapter 9 Amines 263 9.1 Nucleophilicity and Basicity of Amines 263 9.2 Preparation of Amines Through SN2 Reactions 265 9.3 Preparation of Amines Through Reductive Amination 268 9.4 Acylation of Amines 273 9.5 Reactions of Amines with Nitrous Acid 276 9.6 Aromatic Diazonium Salts 279
• Chapter 10 Diels-Alder Reactions 282 10.1 Introduction and Mechanism 282 10.2 The Dienophile 285 10.3 The Diene 286 10.4 Other Pericyclic Reactions 292 Detailed Solutions S-1 Index I-1.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Organic chemistry can be a challenging subject. Most students view organic chemistry as a subject requiring hours upon hours of memorization. Author David Klein's Second Language books prove this is not true-organic chemistry is one continuous story that actually makes sense if you pay attention. Offering a unique skill-building approach, these market-leading books teach students how to ask the right questions to solve problems, study more efficiently to avoid wasting time, and learn to speak the language of organic chemistry. The fifth edition of Organic Chemistry as a Second Language: Second Semester Topics builds upon the principles previously explored in first half of the course-delving deeper into molecular mechanisms, reactions, and analytical techniques. Hands-on exercises and thoroughly-explained solutions further reinforce student comprehension of chemical concepts and organic principles. An indispensable supplement to the primary text, this resource covers aromatic compounds, infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, nucleophilic and electrophilic aromatic substitution, ketones and aldehydes, carboxylic acid derivatives, and much more.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Chapter 1: The Periodic System
• Chapter 2: Quantitative Relationships among the Elements and the Origins of the Periodic Table
• Chapter 3: Discoverers of the Periodic System
• Chapter 4: Mendeleev
• Chapter 5: Prediction and Accommodation: The Acceptance of Mendeleev's Periodic System
• Chapter 6: The Nucleus and the Periodic Table: Radioactivity, Atomic Number, and Isotopy
• Chapter 7: The Electron and Chemical Periodicity
• Chapter 8: Electronic Explanations of the Periodic System Developed by Chemists
• Chapter 9: Quantum Mechanics and the Periodic Table
• Chapter 10: Astrophysics, Nucleosynthesis
• Chapter 11: The Missing Seven Elements
• Chapter 12: Synthetic Elements
• Chapter 13: Alternative Forms of the periodic table
• Chapter 14: More Chemistry Appendix Index Bibliography.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The periodic table of elements is among the most recognizable image in science. It lies at the core of chemistry and embodies the most fundamental principles of science. In this new edition, Eric Scerri offers readers a complete and updated history and philosophy of the periodic table. Written in a lively style to appeal to experts and interested lay-persons alike, The Periodic Table: Its Story and Its Significance begins with an overview of the importance of the periodic table and the manner in which the term "element" has been interpreted by chemists and philosophers across time. The book traces the evolution and development of the periodic table from its early beginnings with the work of the precursors like De Chancourtois, Newlands and Meyer to Mendeleev's 1869 first published table and beyond. Several chapters are devoted to developments in 20th century physics, especially quantum mechanics and and the extent to which they explain the periodic table in a more fundamental way. Other chapters examine the formation of the elements, nuclear structure, the discovery of the last seven infra-uranium elements, and the synthesis of trans-uranium elements. Finally, the book considers the many different ways of representing the periodic system and the quest for an optimal arrangement.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

For two-semester courses in General Chemistry Actively engage students to become expert problem solvers and critical thinkers, using a streamlined approach Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach presents core concepts without sacrificing rigor, enabling students to make connections between chemistry and their lives or future careers. Drawing upon his classroom experience as an award-winning educator, Professor Tro extends chemistry to the student's world by capturing student attention with examples of everyday processes and a captivating writing style. Throughout this student-friendly text, chemistry is presented visually through multi-level images that help students see the connections between the world around them (macroscopic), the atoms and molecules that compose the world (molecular), and the formulas they write down on paper (symbolic). The 4th Edition pairs digital, pedagogical innovation with insights from learning design and educational research to create an active, integrated, and easy-to-use framework. The new edition introduces a fully integrated book and media package that streamlines course set up, actively engages students in becoming expert problem solvers, and makes it possible for professors to teach the general chemistry course easily and effectively. The fully integrated book and media package streamlines course set up, actively engages students in becoming expert problem solvers, and makes it possible for professors to teach the general chemistry course easily and effectively. Also available with Mastering Chemistry By combining trusted author content with digital tools and a flexible platform, Mastering personalizes the learning experience and improves results for each student.The fully integrated and complete media package allows instructors to engage students before they come to class, hold them accountable for learning during class, and then confirm that learning after class. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; Mastering does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with Mastering, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and Mastering, search for: 0134988531 / 9780134988535 Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach Plus Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package Package consists of: 0134895746 / 9780134895741 Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 013498837X / 9780134988375 Mastering Chemistry with Pearson eText -- ValuePack Access Card -- for Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

The selected solution manual for students contains complete, step-by-step solutions to selected odd-numbered end-of-chapter problems.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• About the editors List of contributors Preface Armando J.L. Pombeiro and M. Fatima C. Guedes da Silva
• Chapter 1 Alkane Functionalization: Introduction And Overview Armando J.L. Pombeiro PART I - C-O BOND FORMATION. HYDROXYLATION AND OTHER OXYGENATION REACTIONS
• Chapter 2 Activation and oxidative functionalization of alkanes with noble-metal catalysts: Molecular mechanisms Evgeniy G. Chepaikin
• Chapter 3 Alkane-oxidizing systems based on metal complexes. Radical versus non-radical mechanisms Georgiy B. Shul'pin
• Chapter 4 Reactions of alkyl radicals in aqueous solutions Dan meyerstein
• Chapter 5 C-H bond oxidation with transition metal based carbene complexes Bruno Dominelli, Anja C. Lindhorst, Fritz E. Kuhn
• Chapter 6 Alkane oxidation with C-scorpionate metal complexes Luisa M. D. R. S. Martins
• Chapter 7 Alkane oxidation with multinuclear heterometallic catalysts Dmytro S. Nesterov, Oksana V. Nesterova and Armando J.L. Pombeiro
• Chapter 8 Oxidative functionalization of methane on heterogeneous catalysts Maricruz Sanchez-Sanchez and Johannes A. Lercher
• Chapter 9 Gas-phase oxidation of alkanes Fabrizio Cavani, Alessandro Chieregato, Jose Manuel Lopez Nieto, Jean-Marc M. Millet PART II - BIOINSPIRED ALKANE FUNCTIONALIZATION
• Chapter 10 Recent developments of bio-inspired approaches to functionalization of light alkanes Alexander B. Sorokin
• Chapter 11 Regioselectivity of non-heme iron catalysts for C-H activation Christian R. Goldsmith
• Chapter 12 Imine-based Iron and Manganese Complexes as Catalysts for Alkane Functionalization Giorgio Olivo, Osvaldo Lanzalunga, Stefano Di Stefano
• Chapter 13 Alkane oxidation with biologically inspired nonheme iron catalysts based in the triazacyclononane ligand scaffold Miquel Costas
• Chapter 14 The nature of high-valent oxometal intermediates of iron-aminopyridine mediated oxidations Oleg Y. Lyakin, konstantin P. Bryliakov, Evgenii P. Talsi
• Chapter 15 Selective Oxidation of Alkanes by Metallo-Monooxygenases and their Nano-Biomimetics Chih-Cheng Liu, Yi-FangTtsai, Wondemagegn H. Wanna, Ravirala Ramu, Damodar Janmanchi, Sunney I. Chan, Steve S.-F. Yu
• Chapter 16 Alkane oxidation with vanadium and copper catalysts Manas Sutradhar, Luisa M.D.R.S. Martins, M. Fatima C. Guedes da Silva, ArmandoJ. L. Pombeiro PART III - C-B, C-C AND C-N BOND FORMATION
• Chapter 17 Catalytic borylation of methane: combining computational and high-throughput screening approaches to discover a new catalyst Pavel Zatsepin, Dieter Sorsche, Seihwan Ahn, Mu-Hyun Baik, Daniel J. Mindiola
• Chapter 18 Alkane carbonylation and carbene insertion reactions Ana M. Faisca Phillips and Armando J. L. Pombeiro
• Chapter 19 Catalytic alkane amidation and related reactions Dmytro S. Nesterov, Luis M. T. Frija, Armando J. L. Pombeiro, Maximilian N. Kopylovich PART IV - DEHYDROGENATION REACTIONS
• Chapter 20 Oxidative and non-oxidative routes to alkane dehydrogenation Jay A. Labinger
• Chapter 21 Dehydrogenation of alkanes using molecular catalysts Huaquan Fang, Guixia Liu, Zheng Huang PART V - UNCONVENTIONAL SYSTEMS
• Chapter 22 Non-transition metal catalyzed oxidation of alkanes with peroxides Maxim L. Kuznetsov
• Chapter 23 Metal-free functionalization of alkanes Jincan Zhao, Jianlin Han
• Chapter 24 Alkane functionalization under unconventional conditions: in ionic liquid, in supercritical co2 and microwave assisted Ana P.C. Ribeiro, Eelisabete C.B.A. Alegria, Antonio Palavra, Aarmando J.L. Pombeiro
• Chapter 25 Noncovalent interactions in alkane chemistry Kamran T. Mahmudov, M. Fatima C. Guedes da Silva, Fedor I. Zubkov, Armando J. L. Pombeiro
• Chapter 26 Alkane complexation Robert H. Crabtree
• Chapter 27 Alkane related C-H bond activation and functionalization of aliphatic amines Christian Bruneau, Mathieu Achard.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Presents state-of-the-art information concerning the syntheses of valuable functionalized organic compounds from alkanes, with a focus on simple, mild, and green catalytic processes Alkane Functionalization offers a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art of catalytic functionalization of alkanes under mild and green conditions. Written by a team of leading experts on the topic, the book examines the latest research developments in the synthesis of valuable functionalized organic compounds from alkanes. The authors describe the various modes of interaction of alkanes with metal centres and examine theoxidative alkane functionalization upon C-O bond formation. They address the many types of mechanisms, discuss typical catalytic systems and highlight the strategies inspired by biological catalytic systems. The book also describes alkane functionalization upon C-heteroatom bond formation as well as oxidative and non-oxidative approaches. In addition, the book explores non-transition metal catalysts and metal-free catalytic systems and presents selected types of functionalization of sp3 C-H bonds pertaining to substrates other than alkanes. This important resource: Presents a guide to the most recent advances concerning the syntheses of valuable functionalized organic compounds from alkanes Contains information from leading experts on the topic Offers information on the catalytic functionalization of alkanes that allows for improved simplicity and sustainability compared to current multi-stage industrial processes Explores the challenges inherent with the application of alkanes as starting materials for syntheses of added value functionalized organic compounds Written for academic researchers and industrial scientists working in the fields of coordination chemistry, organometallic chemistry, catalysis, organic synthesis and green chemistry, Alkane Functionalization is an important resource for accessing the most up-to-date information available in the field of catalytic functionalization of alkanes.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This is the first book to present a detailed discussion of both classical and recent results on the popular Cahn-Hilliard equation and some of its variants. The focus is on mathematical analysis of Cahn-Hilliard models, with an emphasis on thermodynamically relevant logarithmic nonlinear terms, for which several questions are still open. Initially proposed in view of applications to materials science, the Cahn-Hilliard equation is now applied in many other areas, including image processing, biology, ecology, astronomy, and chemistry. In particular, the author addresses applications to image inpainting and tumor growth. Many chapters include open problems and directions for future research. The Cahn?Hilliard Equation: Recent Advances and Applications is intended for graduate students and researchers in applied mathematics, especially those interested in phase separation models and their generalizations and applications to other fields. Materials scientists also will find this text of interest.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book addresses both classic concepts and state-of-the-art technologies surrounding cellulose science and technology. Integrating nanoscience and applications in materials, energy, biotechnology, and more, the book appeals broadly to students and researchers in chemistry, materials, energy, and environmental science. - Includes contributions from leading cellulose scientists worldwide, with five Anselm Payen Cellulose Award winners and two Hayashi Jisuke Cellulose Award winners - Deals with a highly applicable and timely topic, considering the current activities in the fields of bioeconomies, biorefineries, and biomass utilization - Maximizes readership by combining fundamental science and application development.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• [Volume 1] Perspective, theory, and new materials
• [Volume 2] Properties, processing, and applications.

The Fourth Edition of the Handbook of Conducting Polymers, Two-Volume Set continues to be the definitive resource on the topic of conducting polymers. Volume 1, Conjugated Polymers: Perspective, Theory, and New Materials, features new chapters on the fundamental theory and new materials involved in conducting polymers. It discusses the history of physics and chemistry of these materials and the theory behind them. Finally, it details polymer and materials chemistry including such topics as conjugated block copolymers, metal-containing conjugated polymers, and continuous flow processing. Volume 2, Conjugated Polymers: Properties, Processing, and Applications, features new chapters focusing on these topics within conducting polymers. It discusses properties and characterization, including thermoelectric and mechanical properties, as well as processing and morphology, covering such topics as thermal phase behavior influence on optoelectronic properties, effect of miscibility on organic solar cells, and more. Finally, the book discusses applications, including the use of conducting polymers in stretchable electronics, electrochemical capacitors, and biomedical applications.

• Partial Contents: Introduction, Convective Burning, Low-velocity Detonation, Compacted Modified Propellant Charges for Barrel Systems, Application of Compacted Modified Propellant Charges (CMPCs) as a Travelling Charge, Pulse Nozzle Setups with Convective Burning, Pulse Setups Operating in a Low-velocity Detonation Mode, Generation of Blast Waves by Non-ideal Detonation of High-density Compositions based on Ammonium Perchlorate and Enriched by Aluminum, Conclusion.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book presents original research into the behaviour, ignition mechanisms, and wave structure of convective burning and low-velocity detonations (LVDs). Such processes occupy an intermediate position between modes of normal combustion and normal detonation, and their properties directly affect the dynamics of explosions, including unplanned explosions caused by accidental ignition. The book illustrates techniques to stabilize convective burning and LVDs and control their properties, thus enabling energetic materials specialists and ballistics experts to manage potentially dangerous hazards of transition to normal detonation. In addition, the book provides a scientific foundation for the technical application of these processes in pulse-nozzle and missile devices and in jet injectors. It also offers new studies on compacted modified propellants, which, due to their burning mechanisms, can significantly enhance the performance of barrel systems. Highlights of the book include: Original investigations into the behaviour and mechanisms of convective burning and low velocity detonation. New techniques to slow down convective burning and low-velocity detonation, stabilize them, and control their properties, particularly in transition to normal detonation. Applications for reducing risks of accidental ignition of energetic materials. Investigates compacted modified propellants to increase performance of guns, especially with a traveling charge. Designs for low-velocity detonation as a working model for pulse-nozzle and missile devices and to generate enhanced blast waves.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction - An Overview of Practical Electrochemistry Electrochemistry in Equilibrium Electrochemistry with Flowing Current Analytical Electrochemistry Non-Traditional Electrochemistry Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Electrochemical Production Appendix List of Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Showing how to apply the theoretical knowledge in practice, the one and only compilation of electrochemical experiments on the market now in a new edition. Maintaining its didactic approach, this successful textbook provides clear and easy-to-follow instructions for carrying out the experiments, illustrating the most important principles and applications in modern electrochemistry, while pointing out the potential dangers and risks involved. This second edition contains approximately 25% new material and 20 new experiments, many of which cover electrochemical energy conversion and storage as well as electrochemical equilibrium. With a foreword by R. Daniel Little.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Part I: Preliminaries.- Anticipating the Big Picture: Some Clues.- Chemical and Notational Preliminaries.- Reaction Networks, Kinetics, and the Induced Differential Equations.- Open Systems: Why Study Nonconservative and Otherwise Peculiar Reaction Networks?.- A Toy-Reaction-Network Zoo: Varieties of Behavior and Some Questions.- Part II: Some Principle Theorems: A First Look.- Aspects of Reaction Network Structure.- The Deficiency Zero Theorem.- Deficiency One Theory.- Concentration Robustness and Its Importance in Biology: Some More Deficiency-Oriented Theorems.- Concordant Reaction Networks: Architectures that Promote Dull, Reliable Behavior Across Broad Kinetic Classes.- The Species-Reaction Graph.- The Big Picture Revisited.- Part III: Going Deeper.- Quasi-Thermodynamic Kinetic Systems.- Detailed Balancing.- Complex Balancing.- Deficiency Zero Theory Foundations and Some Key Propositions.- Deficiency One Theory Foundations.- Concentration Robustness Foundations.- Species-Reaction Graph Foundations.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This book provides an authoritative introduction to the rapidly growing field of chemical reaction network theory. In particular, the book presents deep and surprising theorems that relate the graphical and algebraic structure of a reaction network to qualitative properties of the intricate system of nonlinear differential equations that the network induces. Over the course of three main parts, Feinberg provides a gradual transition from a tutorial on the basics of reaction network theory, to a survey of some of its principal theorems, and, finally, to a discussion of the theory's more technical aspects. Written with great clarity, this book will be of value to mathematicians and to mathematically-inclined biologists, chemists, physicists, and engineers who want to contribute to chemical reaction network theory or make use of its powerful results.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

This textbook is packaged with Navigate 2 Advantage Access which unlocks a complete eBook, Study Center, homework and Assessment Center, and a dashboard that reports actionable data. Experience Navigate 2 today at www.jblnavigate.com/2. Hazardous Materials Chemistry, Third Edition by Armando S. Bevelacqua and Laurie A. Norman explores basic chemical principles, nomenclature, and toxicology so that fire fighters and first responders can effectively identify hazards associated with specific chemicals and chemical families, determine the potential dangers present at a hazardous materials incident, and make safe and informed decisions. Each chapter presents scenarios that discuss real world problems as described within the context of that chapter's content. Practical applications of chemical reactions are described within the framework of case studies that focus on specific hazmat incidents, and the importance of understanding chemical reactions and how that knowledge can impact the result of a hazardous materials incident is highlighted. By learning the chemistry behind an incident, students understand how chemical reactions can impact an incident. Hazardous Materials Chemistry, Third Edition meets the course and learning objectives of the National Fire Academy's FESHE Model Curriculum for their Hazardous Materials Chemistry program and is appropriate for a fire department hazardous materials chemistry class.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface Acknowledgments Prologue: Aboard the Research Vessel Endeavor, South of Iceland, May 1991 1. Discovery 2. Discovery's Wake 3. The "Invisible Phenomenon" 4. Dating 5. Photosynthesis 6. Calvin's Cycle 7. Scintillations and Accelerations 8. The Shroud of Turin and Other Relics 9. Ocean Circulation 10. Carbon-14 in the Ocean 11. Ocean Fertility 12. Resolution: Plankton Rate Processes in Oligotrophic Oceans 13. Carbon-14 and Climate Epilogue
• Appendix 1. List of Nobel Prize Winners Mentioned
• Appendix 2. The Periodic Table of Elements Notes References Index.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

There are few fields of science that carbon-14 has not touched. A radioactive isotope of carbon, it stands out for its unusually long half-life. Best known for its application to estimating the age of artifacts-carbon dating-carbon-14 helped reveal new chronologies of human civilization and geological time. Everything containing carbon, the basis of all life, could be placed in time according to the clock of radioactive decay, with research applications ranging from archeology to oceanography to climatology. In Hot Carbon, John F. Marra tells the untold story of this scientific revolution. He weaves together the workings of the many disciplines that employ carbon-14 with gripping tales of the individuals who pioneered its possibilities. He describes the concrete applications of carbon-14 to the study of all the stuff of life on earth, from climate science's understanding of change over time to his own work on oceanic photosynthesis with microscopic phytoplankton. Marra's engaging narrative encompasses nuclear testing, the peopling of the Americas, elephant poaching, and the flax plants used for the linen in the Shroud of Turin. Combining colorful narrative prose with accessible explanations of fundamental science, Hot Carbon is a thought-provoking exploration of how the power of carbon-14 informs our relationship to the past.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Chemical Reactions and Complexity
• Kinetic Experiments: Concepts and Realizations
• Chemical Book-keeping: Linear Algebra in Chemical Kinetics*
• Steady-State Chemical Kinetics: A Primer
• Steady-state Chemical Kinetics: Machinery
• Linear and Nonlinear Relaxation: Stability
• Nonlinear Mechanisms: Steady State and Dynamics
• Kinetic Polynomials
• Temporal Analysis of Products: Principles, Applications, and Theory
• Joint Kinetics
• Decoding the Past
• Decoding the Future.

This second, extended and updated edition presents the current state of kinetics of chemical reactions, combining basic knowledge with results recently obtained at the frontier of science. Special attention is paid to the problem of the chemical reaction complexity with theoretical and methodological concepts illustrated throughout by numerous examples taken from heterogeneous catalysis combustion and enzyme processes. Of great interest to graduate students in both chemistry and chemical engineering.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1: Introduction to mass spectrometry
• 2: Methods of ionization
• 3: Methods of mass analysis
• 4: Resolution, accurate mass and sensitivity
• 5: Tandem mass spectrometry
• 6: Interpretation of mass spectra
• 7: Coupled separation techniques and quantification using mass spectrometry
• 8: Applications and recent technological advances.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The renowned Oxford Chemistry Primers series, which provides focused introductions to a range of important topics in chemistry, has been refreshed and updated to suit the needs of today's students, lecturers, and postgraduate researchers. The rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of each subject area is ideal for those wanting a primer in a given topic to prepare them for more advanced study or research. Moreover, cutting-edge examples and applications throughout the texts show the relevance of the chemistry being described to current research and industry. The learning features provided, including questions at the end of every chapter and online multiple-choice questions, encourage active learning and promote understanding. Furthermore, frequent diagrams, margin notes, further reading, and glossary definitions all help to enhance a student's understanding of these essential areas of chemistry. This brand new addition to the series provides the most concise, clear, and accessible first introduction to the basic principles of mass spectrometry. Online resources The online resources that accompany Mass Spectrometry include: For students: - Multiple-choice questions for self-directed learning For registered adopters of the text: - Figures from the book available to download.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface 3
• Chapter 1. Alkaloids 9
• 1.1 Pseudopelletierine From the root-bark of the pomegranate tree 9
• 1.2 Colchicine From the seeds of the autumn crocus 29
• 1.3 Capsaicin From Kenyan "African Bird's Eye Chilies" 49
• Chapter 2. Coloured Compounds 69
• 2.1 Thymoquinone From the oil of the seeds of black caraway 69
• 2.2 Berberine Chloride From the bark of the common barberry 89
• 2.3 Carminic acid From dried cochineal 109
• 2.4 Safflomin A From flowers of the safflower 129
• 2.5 Chlorophyll a From deep frozen spinach leaves 151
• Chapter 3. Carbohydrates and Glycosides 175
• 3.1 Raffinose From the seeds of blue lupins 175
• 3.2 Fraxin From the shredded bark of the ash tree 195
• 3.3 Stevioside From the dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana 215
• Chapter 4. Terpenoids 235
• 4.1 Linalool From Brazilian rosewood oil 235
• 4.2 Camphor From camphor tree oil 255
• 4.3 Cantharidin From Spanish fly Lytta vesicatoria 275
• 4.4 Artemisinin From the dried leaves of the annual mugwort 291
• 4.5 Diosgenin From an extract of the roots of Mexican yams 311
• 4.6 Friedelin From cork from the bark of the cork-oak 331
• 4.7 Boswellic acid From frankincense, the resin of the Arabian olibanum tree 353
• Chapter 5. Aromatic Compounds 375
• 5.1 Sinensetin From cold-pressed orange oil 375
• 5.2 Rosmarinic acid From the dried leaves of lemon balm 391
• Chapter 6. Quantum Chemical Calculation 411
• Appendix 417
• Spectroscopic Experiments 417
• External Photographic Credits 418
• Text Credits 419
• Chemical Substance Index 421
• General Subject Index 424
• Name Index 432.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Written by experienced authors, this book presents numerous natural everyday products with a high range of structural diversity. Twenty natural products have been arranged in five sections, describing three alkaloids, five colored compounds, three carbohydrates and glycosides, seven terpenoids, and two aromatic compounds. Adopting a highly didactical approach, each chapter features a uniform structure: Background, in-depth information about isolation processes and structural characterization as well as a Q&A section at the end. Alongside the theoretical information many practical hints for the laboratory work are also included. A comprehensive overview of UV-, IR- and NMR-spectroscopy as well as mass-spectrometry for every exemplified compound is provided and the understanding of these methods is supported by concluding questions and exercises. Educating and entertaining, this full-color textbook turns the learning process into a real pleasure, not only for students in natural products chemistry but also experienced professionals.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xi
• Acknowledgments xiii
• List of Abbreviations xv
• 1 Introduction 1
• 1.1 Why Study Organometallic Chemistry? 1
• 1.2 Coordination Chemistry 3
• 1.3 Werner Complexes 3
• 1.4 The Trans Effect 7
• 1.5 Soft Versus Hard Ligands 9
• 1.6 The Crystal Field 10
• 1.7 The Ligand Field 17
• 1.8 Two-Electron Three-Center Bonding 19
• 1.9 Four-Electron Three-Center Bonding 20
• 1.10 Back Bonding 22
• 1.11 Trends in d Orbital Energies 26
• 1.12 Types of Ligand 27
• References 32
• Problems 33
• 2 Making Sense of Organometallics 35
• 2.1 The 18-Electron Rule 35
• 2.2 Limitations of the 18-Electron Rule 43
• 2.3 Electron Counting in Reactions 45
• 2.4 The Oxidation State Concept and its Limitations 46
• 2.5 Electroneutrality 52
• 2.6 Coordination Number and Geometry 53
• 2.7 Effects of Complexation 56
• 2.8 Differences between Metals 58
• References 62
• Problems 63
• 3 Alkyls and Hydrides 65
• 3.1 Alkyls and Aryls 65
• 3.2 Other -Bonded Ligands 79
• 3.3 Metal Hydrides 80
• 3.4 Sigma Complexes 83
• 3.5 Bond Strengths 86
• References 88
• Problems 89
• 4 Ligand Substitution 91
• 4.1 Metal Carbonyls 91
• 4.2 Phosphines 100
• 4.3 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes 103
• 4.4 Dissociative Substitution 105
• 4.5 Associative Substitution 109
• 4.6 Redox Effects and Interchange Substitution 111
• 4.7 Photochemical Substitution 113
• 4.8 Counterions and Solvents in Substitution 115
• References 116
• Problems 118
• 5 Pi Complexes 121
• 5.1 Alkene and Alkyne Complexes 121
• 5.2 Allyl Complexes 126
• 5.3 Diene Complexes 130
• 5.4 Cyclopentadienyl Complexes 133
• 5.5 Arenes and Other Alicyclic Ligands 140
• 5.6 Metalacycles 143
• 5.7 Stability of Polyene and Polyenyl Complexes 144
• References 145
• Problems 145
• 6 Oxidative Addition and Reductive Elimination 147
• 6.1 Introduction 147
• 6.2 Concerted Additions 149
• 6.3 SN2 Pathways 152
• 6.4 Radical Mechanisms 153
• 6.5 Ionic Mechanisms 155
• 6.6 Reductive Elimination 156
• 6.7 Sigma Bond Metathesis 162
• 6.8 Ligand-Assisted 1,2-Additions and Eliminations 163
• 6.9 Oxidative Coupling 164
• 6.10 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer 165
• References 166
• Problems 167
• 7 Insertion and Elimination 169
• 7.1 Introduction 169
• 7.2 1,1-Insertion 171
• 7.3 1,2-Insertion 175
• 7.4 Outer Sphere Insertions 179
• 7.5 -, ss-, - and -Elimination 180
• References 182
• Problems 182
• 8 Addition and Abstraction 185
• 8.1 Introduction 185
• 8.2 Nucleophilic Addition to CO 187
• 8.3 Nucleophilic Addition to Polyenes and Polyenyls 189
• 8.4 Nucleophilic Abstraction 196
• 8.5 Electrophilic Addition and Abstraction 197
• 8.6 Single-Electron Transfer and Radical Reactions 200
• References 201
• Problems 202
• 9 Homogeneous Catalysis 205
• 9.1 Catalytic Cycles 205
• 9.2 Alkene Isomerization 211
• 9.3 Hydrogenation 213
• 9.4 Alkene Hydroformylation 221
• 9.5 Alkene Hydrocyanation 223
• 9.6 Alkene Hydrosilylation 224
• 9.7 Coupling Reactions 225
• 9.8 Organometallic Oxidation Catalysis 227
• 9.9 Electrocatalysis 229
• 9.10 Photoredox Catalysis 229
• 9.11 Surface Supported Single-Atom and Cooperative Catalysis 231
• References 233
• Problems 235
• 10 Physical Methods 239
• 10.1 Mechanism 239
• 10.2 1H NMR Spectroscopy 240
• 10.3 13C NMR Spectroscopy 243
• 10.4 31P NMR Spectroscopy 244
• 10.5 Dynamic NMR 246
• 10.6 Spin Saturation Transfer 249
• 10.7 T1 and the Nuclear Overhauser Effect 250
• 10.8 IR Spectroscopy 254
• 10.9 Crystallography 256
• 10.10 Electrochemistry and EPR 257
• 10.11 Computation 259
• 10.12 Other Methods 260
• References 262
• Problems 263
• 11 M-L Multiple Bonds 265
• 11.1 Carbenes 265
• 11.2 Schrock Carbenes 272
• 11.3 Carbynes 276
• 11.4 Bridging Carbenes and Carbynes 278
• 11.5 N-Heterocyclic Carbenes 279
• 11.6 Multiple Bonds to Heteroatoms 282
• References 285
• Problems 286
• 12 Metathesis Polymerization and Bond Activation 289
• 12.1 Alkene Metathesis 289
• 12.2 Alkene Dimerization, Oligomerization, and Polymerization 295
• 12.3 Activation of CO and CO2 301
• 12.4 C H Activation 305
• 12.5 Dehydrogenative Oxidation and Hydrogen Borrowing 309
• References 311
• Problems 313
• 13 Green Energy and Materials Applications 317
• 13.1 Green Chemistry 317
• 13.2 Energy Chemistry 320
• 13.3 Clusters and Nanoparticles 323
• 13.4 Organometallic Materials 325
• References 332
• Problems 334
• 14 Organic Applications 337
• 14.1 Carbon-Carbon and Carbon-Heteroatom Coupling 338
• 14.2 Metathesis 343
• 14.3 Cyclopropanation and C-H Insertion 345
• 14.4 Hydrogenation 346
• 14.5 Carbonylation 348
• 14.6 Oxidation 350
• 14.7 C-H Activation 352
• 14.8 Click Chemistry and Cycloaddition 355
• 14.9 Photoredox Catalysis 356
• References 359
• Problems 360
• 15 Paramagnetic and High-Oxidation-State Complexes 363
• 15.1 Magnetism and Spin States 364
• 15.2 Cyclopentadienyl Complexes 371
• 15.3 f-Block Complexes 373
• References 380
• Problems 381
• 16 Bioorganometallic Chemistry 383
• 16.1 Introduction 384
• 16.2 Coenzyme B12 388
• 16.3 Nitrogen Fixation 394
• 16.4 Nickel Enzymes 402
• 16.5 Artificial Enzymes 407
• 16.6 Biomedical and Biocatalytic Applications 407
• References 410
• Problems 412
• Appendix A: Useful Texts on Allied Topics 415
• Appendix B: Major Reaction Types 419
• Solutions to Problems 421
• Index 437.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Provides vital information on organometallic compounds, their preparation, and use in synthesis, and explores the fundamentals of the field and its modern applications Fully updated and expanded to reflect recent advances, the new, seventh edition of this bestselling text presents students and professional chemists with a comprehensive introduction to the principles and general properties of organometallic compounds, as well as including practical information on reaction mechanisms and detailed descriptions of contemporary applications. Increased focus is given to organic synthesis applications, nanoparticle science, and green chemistry. This edition features up-to-date examples of fundamental reaction steps and greater emphasis on key topics like oxidation catalysis, CH functionalization, nanoclusters and nanoparticles, and green chemistry. New coverage is added for computational chemistry, energy production, and biochemical aspects of organometallic chemistry. The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, Seventh Edition provides new/enhanced chapter coverage of ligand-assisted additions and eliminations; proton-coupled electron transfer; surface, supported, and cooperative catalysis; green, energy, and materials applications; and photoredox catalysis. It covers coordination chemistry; alkyls and hydrides; Pi-complexes; and oxidative addition and reductive elimination. The book also features sections on insertion and elimination; spectroscopy; metathesis polymerization and bond activation; and more. Provides an excellent foundation of the fundamentals of organometallic chemistry Includes end-of-chapter problems and their solutions Expands and includes up-to-date examples of fundamental reaction steps and focuses on important topics such as oxidation catalysis, CH functionalization, nanoparticles, and green chemistry Features all new coverage for computational chemistry, energy production, and biochemical aspects of organometallic chemistry The Organometallic Chemistry of the Transition Metals, Seventh Edition is an insightful book that will appeal to all advanced undergraduate and graduate students in organic chemistry, organometallic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, and bioinorganic chemistry, as well as any practicing chemist in those fields.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Pharmaceutical Solids
• What Defines a Crystal?
• Symmetry in Crystals
• Space Groups
• Planes and Crystal Morphology
• Crystal Structures and Diffraction Patterns
• Symmetry in Diffraction Patterns
• Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (Part 1)
• Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction (Part 2)
• Powder X-ray Diffraction
• Solving X-ray Crystal Structures
• Refining X-ray Crystal Structures
• Disorder and Twinning
• Crystallographic Results.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The pharmaceutical industry has become acutely aware of the importance of the solid state, but pharmaceutical scientists often lack specific training in topics related to solid-state structure and crystallography. This book provides needed support in this topical area. Taking an intuitive and informal approach to solid-state structure and crystallographic concepts, this book is written for anyone who needs a clear understanding of modern crystallography, with specific reference to small-molecule pharmaceutical solids. The author describes molecular crystals and crystal structures, symmetry, space groups, single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction techniques and the analysis and interpretation of crystallographic data. Useful technical details are presented where necessary and case studies from the pharmaceutical literature put theory into a practical context. Written by an internationally leading figure and with its focus on molecular crystals, this book is equally applicable to chemists with a need to understand and apply X-ray crystal-structure determination.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1 Introduction
• 2 Photocatalysis: The Principles
• 3 Practical Aspects of Photocatalysis
• 4 Photocatalytic Oxidative C-C Bond Formation
• 5 Decarboxylative Coupling Reactions
• 6 Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer
• 7 Organocatalysis with Amines in Photocatalysis
• 8 Copper-Based Photocatalysts for Visible-Light-Mediated Organic Transformations
• 9 Gold in Photocatalysis
• 10 Palladium in Photocatalysis
• 11 Nickel in Photocatalysis
• 12 Acridinium Dyes and Quinones in Photocatalysis
• 13 Flavins in Photocatalysis
• 14 Organic Dyes in Photocatalytic Reductive C-H Arylations
• 15 Silicates in Photocatalysis
• 16 Photocatalytic Cycloadditions
• 17 Photocatalytic Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation
• 18 Photocatalytic Introduction of Fluorinated Groups
• 19 Heterogeneous Photocatalysis in Organic Synthesis
• 20 Photocatalysis in the Pharmaceutical Industry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The field of photocatalysis has developed rapidly over the last decade and it is time to clarify its impact on organic synthesis. This volume is an opportunity to provide the defining and current reference work for this field. A primary objective is to collect together the most useful, practical, and reliable methods for photocatalysis and to introduce them to a larger audience. The fundamental concepts of photophysics are introduduced and laboratory set-ups are described, enabling newcomers to the field to instantly apply these new tools in synthesis. Rather than aiming for comprehensive coverage, solutions for challenging transformations in synthesis applying visible light and suitable dyes are presented. A team of pioneers and leaders in the field has been assembled, who discuss both the practical and conceptual aspects of this rapidly growing field. Scope, limitations, and mechanism of the reactions are covered and key experimental procedures are included.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Chapter 15, Computational chemistry, was contributed by Warren Hehre, CEO, Wavefunction, Inc. Chapter 17, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was contributed by Alex Angerhofer, University of Florida.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• INTRODUCTION THE POTENTIALS OF PHASES FUNDAMENTAL MEASUREMENTS IN ELECTROCHEMISTRY ELECTRODE KINETICS: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS SINGLE-STEP ELECTRODE REACTIONS MULTI-STEP ELECTRODE REACTIONS SOME SPECIFIC EXAMPLES THE IONIC DOUBLE-LAYER CAPACITANCE Cdl ELECTROCAPILLARITY NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ELECTROCATALYSIS INTERMEDIATES IN ELECTRODE REACTIONS UNDERPOTENTIAL DEPOSITION AND SINGLE-CRYSTAL ELECTROCHEMISTRY ELECTROSORPTION EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES: EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES (2) EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES (3) THE ELECTROCHEMICAL QUARTZ-CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE CORROSION ELECTROPLATING ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE MATERIALS SCIENCE ELECTROCHEMICAL SCANNING MICROSCOPY.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

This bestselling textbook on physical electrochemistry caters to the needs of advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students of chemistry, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, and chemical engineering. It is unique in covering both the more fundamental, physical aspects as well as the application-oriented practical aspects in a balanced manner. In addition it serves as a self-study text for scientists in industry and research institutions working in related fields. The book can be divided into three parts: (i) the fundamentals of electrochemistry; (ii) the most important electrochemical measurement techniques; and (iii) applications of electrochemistry in materials science and engineering, nanoscience and nanotechnology, and industry. The second edition has been thoroughly revised, extended and updated to reflect the state-of-the-art in the field, for example, electrochemical printing, batteries, fuels cells, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1) The Drug Substance Solid-State and Polymorphism in the Context of Quality by Design and ICH Guidelines Q8 to Q12 2) Alternative Solid Forms: Salts 3) Alternative Solid Forms: Cocrystals 4) Thermodynamics of Polymorphism and Solvates 5) Could a Computer Predict Polymorphs for the Pharmaceutical Industry? 6) Hygroscopicity and Hydrates in Pharmaceutical Solids 7) The Amorphous State 8) Approaches to Form Screening 9) Nucleation 10) Crystallization Process Modeling 11) Crystallization Process Scale-Up, a Quality by Design (QbD) Perspective 12) Processing-Induced Phase Transformations and their Implications on Pharmaceutical Product Quality 13) Surfaces and Mechanical Properties of Molecular Crystals 14) Analytical Tools to Characterize Solid-State Forms 15) Industry Case Studies 16) Pharmaceutical Crystal Forms and Crystal Form Patents: Novelty and Obviousness.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

"Polymorphism in the Pharmaceutical Industry - Solid Form and Drug Development" highlights the relevance of polymorphism in modern pharmaceutical chemistry, with a focus on quality by design (QbD) concepts. It covers all important issues by way of case studies, ranging from properties and crystallization, via thermodynamics, analytics and theoretical modelling right up to patent issues. As such, the book underscores the importance of solid-state chemistry within chemical and pharmaceutical development. It emphasizes why solid-state issues are important, the approaches needed to avoid problems and the opportunities offered by solid-state properties. The authors include true polymorphs as well as solvates and hydrates, while providing information on physicochemical properties, crystallization thermodynamics, quantum-mechanical modelling, and up-scaling. Important analytical tools to characterize solid-state forms and to quantify mixtures are summarized, and case studies on solid-state development processes in industry are also provided. Written by acknowledged experts in the field, this is a high-quality reference for researchers, project managers and quality assurance managers in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fine chemical companies as well as for academics and newcomers to organic solid-state chemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1) Protecting Groups at the Primary Position of Carbohydrates 2) Protecting Groups at the Secondary Position of Carbohydrates 3) Protecting Groups at the Anomeric Position of Carbohydrates 4) Strategies Towards Protection of 1
• ,2- and 1,3-Diols 5) Protection of the Amine Functionality in Amino-Glycosides 6) Protecting Group Strategies for Glycuronic Acids 7) Protecting Group Strategies for Sialic Acid Derivatives 8) Protecting Group Strategies for Cyclodextrins 9) Protecting Group Strategies towards Glycofuranoses 10) Protecting Group Strategies towards Sulfated Glycosaminoclycans 11) A Case Study of Protecting Groups for the Synthesis of a Vaccine Antigen 12) Application of Ionic Liquid and Fluorous Tags for Oligosaccharide Synthesis 13) Acyl Migrations in Carbohydrate Chemistry 14) Orthogonally Protected Monosaccharides and Industrial Applications in Solid Phase Synthesis 15) Industrial Scale Synthesis of Oligosaccharides through Modern Protecting Group Chemistry.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A unique overview of the most important protecting group strategies in carbohydrate chemistry Protecting Groups: Strategies and Applications in Carbohydrate Chemistry provides a detailed account of key strategies and methodologies for the protection of carbohydrates. Divided into two parts, the first focuses on groups that are used best to protect a specific position on a carbohydrate. In the second part, specific carbohydrate residues or compounds are discussed in the context of a specific protecting group strategy used to reach the desired regioisomer. This important book: -Features chapters on protecting groups at the primary and secondary positions of carbohydrates -Describes protecting group strategies towards sialic acid derivatives, glycofuranoses, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, and cyclodextrins -Provides information on automated glycan assembly -Includes a chapter on the industrial scale synthesis of heparin analogs Written by a team of leaders in the field, Protecting Groups: Strategies and Applications in Carbohydrate Chemistry is an indispensable guide for academics and industrial researchers interested in carbohydrate and natural product synthesis, pharmaceutical chemistry, and biochemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Fantastic Metal Ions and How to Catch Them
• Rhubarb, an Emperor and the Butler's Pride
• Mining, Magnets and Making New Elements
• On Poisoning, Self-poisoning and the Euro
• Down to Earth Chemistry
• Chemicals from Trees and How the Pacific Yew Was Saved
• Molecules and Murderers - The Art of Detection and Measuring
• Metal Medications and Metals Versus Medicines
• Blood, Iron and Body Metals
• Vanishing Warships and Sugary Gold.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

Pink warships that vanish at dusk, urinary maladies of an emperor, and a gold test for cocaine - behold the chemistry of metal ions as never before. In this book you will learn about the sarcophagus molecule, the Chen-Kao test, and how murderers can be caught blue-handed with the wonders of glowing luminol. You will also meet the hidden chemistry of metal ions in everyday life, from the clever modern devices that measure blood-sugar levels, to the leather on your shoes and chewing gum stuck to their soles. Expect to encounter a fair share of heroes and villains, real and fictional, scientist and layperson. Such characters include an ex-MI5 employee running a hospital ward in London amid falling German V1 rockets, a notorious racing cyclist, a proud butler and the lady who first proposed nuclear fission (it's not who you think it is). With engaging, humorous and intelligent prose, the reader will discover the fascinating back-stories of chemical discoveries and inventions where metal ions have played a major role.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC) provides a timely overview of SFC application areas which were unimaginable just a decade ago. This two-volume series opens with an overview of the history and expectant future of SFC and continues with recent applications in the pharmaceutical industry and other fascinating areas of science. SFC has found its place in the pharmaceutical industry with an increasing body of applications for chiral and achiral molecules in both the research and development phases of the drug discovery process. As illustrated in this two-volume series, the current interest in SFC extends well beyond the pharmaceutical industry. Chapters encompassing applications for polar and non-polar mixtures of importance are covering widely disparate areas in substance abuse, natural products including cannabinoids, bioactive lipids, flavor and fragrance. With its broad balance and coverage, this two-volume book constitutes a unique educational platform to students and scientists for many years to come. The major objective of this book editions is to inspire and stimulate readers to continue exploring the possibilities of exploiting supercritical fluids as a particular media for analysis, purifications and synthesis.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Prologue
• Silence
• Movement 1, Earth : carbon, the element of crystals
• Movement 2, Air : carbon, the element of cycles
• Movement 3, Fire : carbon, the element of stuff
• Movement 4, Water : carbon, the element of life
• Finale : earth, air, fire, and water.

Carbon is everywhere: in the paper of this book and the blood of our bodies. It's with us from beginning to end, present in our baby clothes and coffin alike. We live on a carbon planet, and we are carbon life. No other element is so central to our well-being; yet, when missing or misaligned, carbon atoms can also bring about disease and even death. At once ubiquitous and mysterious, carbon holds the answers to some of humanity's biggest questions. Where did Earth come from? What will ultimately become of it-and of us? With poetic storytelling, earth scientist Robert M. Hazen explores the universe to discover the past, present, and future of life's most essential element. We're not only "made of star stuff, " as Carl Sagan famously observed, but "Big Bang stuff, " too. Hazen reveals that carbon's grand symphony began with a frenzied prelude shortly after the dawn of creation, bringing new attention to the tiny number of Big Bang-created carbon atoms that often get overlooked. In minutes, violently colliding protons and neutrons improbably formed the first carbon atoms, which can still be found within our bodies. His book then unfolds in four movements, building momentum as he explores carbon as the element of Earth, Air, Fire, and Water. He visits the famed volcanic crater Solfatara di Pozzuoli near Naples, where venting carbon dioxide and other noxious fumes condense into beautiful crystals. He climbs the cliffs of the Scottish Highlands and delves deep into the precious-metal mines of Namibia, journeying toward Earth's mysterious core in search of undocumented carbon structures. Hazen often asks us to pause and consider carbon's role in climate change and what we can do about it, for our lives and this element are inextricably intertwined. With prose that sparkles like a diamond, Symphony in C tells the story of carbon, in which we all have a part.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• 1: Preamble Energy in Chemical Systems
• 2: Enthalpy and Thermochemistry
• 3: Entropy in Chemistry
• 4: Free Energy and Equilibrium
• 5: Phase Changes and Solutions.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The renowned Oxford Chemistry Primers series, which provides focused introductions to a range of important topics in chemistry, has been refreshed and updated to suit the needs of today's students, lecturers, and postgraduate researchers. The rigorous, yet accessible, treatment of each subject area is ideal for those wanting a primer in a given topic to prepare them for more advanced study or research. Moreover, cutting-edge examples and applications throughout the texts show the relevance of the chemistry being described to current research and industry. This new edition of Thermodynamics of Chemical Processes is the only self-contained text to cover the thermodynamics of chemical processes at a level appropriate for undergraduates. Describing the basic principles which govern reactivity and phase equilibria in chemical systems, the text is written at the first year undergraduate level and contains a number of worked examples and problems to help students through this introductory material. It shows the application of the theory to disciplines such as biochemistry, materials science, environmental science, forensic and analytical sciences. This new edition places an emphasis on applying the principles and solving problems rather than on formal proof of theorems and detailed mathematical understanding. The ideas of enthalpy, internal energy and entropy are covered to lead into Gibbs free energy and how it can be used to correlate and predict the equilibrium position and properties of chemical reactions and multi-phase systems. Background mathematical ideas are introduced as needed, and the text includes material describing how the physicochemical principles can be applied to related areas such as materials science or biochemistry.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Preface xi
• Part I Carbide, Alkylidyne, Alkylidene, Alkyl, and Alkane Compounds 1
• 1 Monocarbide Complexes 3
• 2 Terminal and Bridging Methylidyne (CH) and Other Alkylidyne Complexes 9
• 3 Terminal and Bridging Methylidene (CH2) and Other Alkylidene Complexes 13
• 4 Methyl Complexes 21
• 4.1 Neutral Monomeric Complexes 21
• 4.2 Cationic and Anionic Monomeric Complexes 29
• 4.3 Bridged Methyl Complexes 33
• 5 Methane and Other Alkane Complexes 37
• 6 Terminal and Bridged Ethyl Complexes 43
• 7 Propyl, Butyl, and Pentyl Complexes 49
• 8 Cycloalkyl and Cycloalkane Complexes 53
• 9 Saturated Heterometallacycle Complexes 55
• 10 Benzyl Complexes 59
• 11 Mixed Alkyl and Alkyl-Aryl Complexes 61
• 12 Surface Bound Alkyl, Alkane, and Alkyl-Metal Complexes 63
• 12.1 Metal Surfaces 63
• 12.2 Metalloid Surfaces 65
• 12.3 Inorganic Oxide Surfaces 66
• 13 Alkyl, Alkylidyne, and Alkylidene Complexes with Other Functional Groups 69
• 13.1 Hydrides 69
• 13.2 Halides and Mixed Halides and Hydrides 84
• 13.3 Pseudohalides 120
• 13.4 Carbonyl and Dinitrogen Complexes 135
• 13.5 Diazomethane (CH2N+=N ) and Related Complexes 139
• 13.6 Organic Isocyanides (Isonitriles, R?N C), Organic Nitriles (R?C N) and Iminoacyl Complexes 139
• 13.7 Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Disulfide Complexes 141
• 13.8 Aqua, Hydroxide, Oxide, Peroxide, and Oxyhalide Complexes 146
• 13.9 Hydrogen Sulfide, Mercaptide, Sulfide, and Disulfide Complexes 161
• 13.10 Alkoxide, Organoperoxide, Ether, and Alcohol Complexes 164
• 13.11 Alkylsulfide, Dialkylsulfide, and Methanethiol Complexes 171
• 13.12 Carboxylate, Thiocarboxylate, Dithiocarboxylate, and Xanthate Complexes 173
• 13.13 Formaldehyde, Formyl, Acetaldehyde, Acyl, and Related Complexes 180
• 13.14 Ketone, Ketenyl, and Related Complexes 187
• 13.15 ss?Diketonate and Related Complexes 190
• 13.16 Nitrogen Bases and Miscellaneous Lewis?Base and Chelating Ligands 195
• 14 Complexes with Metal-Metal Bonds 215
• 14.1 Homonuclear Bonds 215
• 14.2 Heteronuclear Bonds 219
• 15 Halogenated Alkyl Complexes 225
• 15.1 Main Group Elements 225
• 15.2 Transition and Actinide Elements 234
• Part I References 241
• Part II Noncyclic Carbon-Clusters and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Compounds 299
• 16 Linear Carbon Cluster Complexes 301
• 16.1 C2 Complexes 301
• 16.2 C3 Complexes 304
• 16.3 C4 Complexes 304
• 16.4 C5 and Larger Complexes 305
• 17 Ethynyl, Ethyne, and Related Complexes 309
• 17.1 Main Group Elements 309
• 17.2 d and f Block Elements 319
• 18 Vinyl and Vinylidene Complexes 343
• 19 Ethene and Related Monoalkene Complexes 355
• 20 Allyl and Related Complexes 371
• 21 Allene and Related Complexes 387
• 22 Conjugated and Nonconjugated Diolefin and Related Complexes 391
• 22.1 Butadiene and Butatriene Complexes 391
• 22.2 Pentadiene Complexes 396
• 22.3 Hexadiene Complexes 398
• 22.4 Miscellaneous Olefin Complexes 399
• Part II References 403
• Part III Cyclic, Unsaturated Organometallic Compounds 427
• 23 Metal Complexes of Fullerenes and Other Nonlinear Carbon Clusters 429
• 24 Three?carbon Rings 433
• 25 Four?carbon Rings 435
• 26 Five?carbon Rings 441
• 26.1 Cyclopentene and Cyclopentyl Complexes 441
• 26.2 1,3?Cyclopentadiene, Cyclopentadienone, and Related Complexes 441
• 26.3 Anionic Cyclopentadienide Complexes 443
• 26.4 Covalent Cyclopentadienyl Complexes 446
• 27 Six?carbon Rings 547
• 27.1 Cyclohexene Complexes 547
• 27.2 Cyclohexadiene, Cyclohexadienyl, Oxocyclohexadienyl, and Quinone Complexes 547
• 27.3 Neutral, Cationic, and Anionic Phenyl Complexes 550
• 27.4 Phenyl Compounds with Other Functional Groups 559
• 27.5 Phenyl Complexes with Metal-Metal Bonds 585
• 27.6 Ring?Substituted Phenyl Complexes 588
• 27.7 Perhalogenated Phenyl Complexes 591
• 27.8 Benzene Ring Complexes 596
• 27.9 Ring?Substituted Benzene Complexes 608
• 27.10 Benzyne Complexes 611
• 28 Seven?carbon Rings 613
• 29 Eight?carbon Rings 615
• 30 Nine?carbon Rings 629
• 31 Ten?carbon Rings 631
• 32 Coupled Organic Ring Complexes 633
• 33 Fused Organic Ring Complexes 635
• 33.1 Pentalenyl Complexes 635
• 33.2 Indene and Indenyl Complexes 635
• 33.3 Fluorene and Fluorenyl Complexes 641
• 33.4 Indacenyl Complexes 641
• 33.5 Azulene Complexes 641
• 33.6 Naphthalene and Larger Fused Aromatic Ring Complexes 642
• 34 Miscellaneous Cyclic Olefin and Mixed Ring Complexes 643
• 35 Carboranes and Metallacarboranes 647
• 36 Five? and Six?membered Heterocyclic Rings and Their Metal Complexes 651
• 37 Unsaturated Metallacycle Rings with Four or More Atoms 657
• Part III References 661
• Index 709.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

A comprehensive compilation of the available experimental and theoretical vibrational data for organometallic compounds and its role in evaluating the structures, bonding, and properties of these key compounds This unique book offers a thorough review of the literature dealing with vibrational data obtained using various phases, including matrices, reported for organometallic compounds from infrared spectra, Raman spectra, and several other techniques. It is the only one that compiles the available experimental and theoretical vibrational data on these compounds, and which discusses the importance of this information and its role in evaluating structures, bonding, and other important properties. It also treats the use of DFT and other theoretical calculations to analyze the vibrational data and to predict properties associated with these compounds. The book also includes vibrational data for organic species that form on metal and other surfaces. Vibrational Spectra of Organometallics: Theoretical and Experimental Data offers complete coverage of: Carbide, Alkylidyne, Alkylidene, Alkyl, and Alkane Derivatives; Noncyclic Carbon Clusters and Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Derivatives; and Cyclic, Unsaturated Organometallic Derivatives. By summarizing work that has already been done on organometallic compounds, it serves as an important reference for those studying their vibrational spectra and will, in the end, lead to a clearer understanding of other research that needs to be done in order to help researchers determine new research directions. An important reference for those studying the vibrational spectra of organometallic compounds Gathers the existing experimental and theoretical vibrational data and discusses its significance in assessing structures, bonding, and other principle properties Includes DFT methods for the interpretation of spectra, which has been one of the major developments of the last two decades Vibrational Spectra of Organometallics: Theoretical and Experimental Data is an important reference for researchers and practitioners in the areas of inorganic, organometallic, organic, and surface chemistry who have an interest in using vibrational data to characterize the bonding, composition, reactions, and structures of organometallic compounds, and organic species that are formed on various surfaces.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction
• Chemists who work in industry. Dorothy Jean Wingfield Phillips
• Cherlynlavaughn Bradley
• Sharon Janel Barnes
• Sherrie Pietranico-Cole
• Chemists who work in academia. Etta C. Gravely
• Dr. Sondra Barber Akins
• Saundra Yancy McGuire
• Sharon L. Neal
• Chemists who are leaders in academia or organizations. Amanda Bryant-Friedrich
• Gilda A. Barabino
• Leyte Winfield
• La Trease E. Garrison
• Chemists who work for the national labs or other federal agencies. Patricia Carter Ives Sluby, D.H.L.
• Dianne Gates Anderson
• Allison Ann Aldridge
• Latonya Mitchell-Holmes
• Novella Bridges
• Life after tenure denial in academia : a success story
• Next steps.

This is the second of two books about African-American female chemists. The first book (African-American Women Chemists, 2011) focused on the early pioneers-women chemists from the Civil War to the Civil Rights Act. African American Women Chemists in the Modern Era focuses on contemporary women who have benefited from the Civil Rights Act and are now working as chemists or chemical engineers. This book was produced by taking the oral history of women who are leaders in their field and who wanted to tell the world how they suceeded. It features eighteen amazing women in this book and each of them has a claim to fame, despite hiding in plain sight. These women reveal the history of their lives from youth to adult. Overall, Jeannette Brown aims to inspire women and minorities to pursue careers in the sciences, as evidenced by the successful career paths of the women that came before them.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• PART 1: THERMODYNAMICS
• PART 2: STRUCTURE
• PART 3: CHANGE.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The exceptional quality of previous editions has been built upon to make the eleventh edition of Atkins' Physical Chemistry even more closely suited to the needs of both lecturers and students. Significant re-working of the text design makes this edition more readable for students, increasing the digestibility of the text whilst also forming a clean and effective mode of delivering the material which is more flexible for instructors to teach from. The expanded and redistributed maths support includes new 'Chemist's toolkits' which provide students with succinct reminders of mathematical concepts and techniques and the extensive learning support provided throughout the book includes new checklists of key concepts at the end of each topic, to reinforce the main take-home messages in each section. The coupling of the broad coverage of the subject with a structure and use of pedagogy that is even more innovative will ensure Atkins' Physical Chemistry remains the textbook of choice for studying physical chemistry. Online Resource Centre The Online Resource Centre to accompany Atkins' Physical Chemistry features: For registered adopters of the book: * Figures and tables from the book, in ready to download format * Tables of editable key equations * Instructor's Solutions Manual For students: * Web links to a range of additional physical chemistry resources on the internet * Group theory tables, available for downloading * Living graphs * Molecular modelling problems * Impact sections expanding on the 'Further Information' sections.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)

• Introduction and Aims of the Book
• Biocatalysis Basics and Principles
• Hydrolysis
• Reverse Hydrolysis: Reduction
• Oxidation
• C-X Bond Formation
• C-C Bond Formation, Miscellaneous Biocatalysts
• Biocatalytic Disconnections and Functional Group Interconversions
• Comparison of Different Biocatalytic Routes to Target Molecules
• Applications of Biocatalytic Retrosynthesis.
• (source: Nielsen Book Data)

The application of biocatalysis in organic synthesis is rapidly gaining popularity amongst chemists. Compared to traditional synthetic methodologies biocatalysis offers a number of advantages in terms of enhanced selectivity (chemo-, regio-, stereo-), reduced environmental impact and lower cost of starting materials. Together these advantages can contribute to more sustainable manufacturing processes across a wide range of industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to biofuels. The biocatalytic toolbox has expanded significantly in the past five years and given the current rate of development of new engineered biocatalysts it is likely that the number of available biocatalysts will double in the next few years. This textbook gives a comprehensive overview of the current biocatalytic toolbox and also establishes new guidelines or rules for "biocatalytic retrosynthesis". Retrosynthesis is a well known and commonly used technique whereby organic chemists start with the structure of their target molecule and generate potential starting materials and intermediates through a series of retrosynthetic disconnections. These disconnections are then used to devise a forward synthesis, in this case using biocatalytic transformations in some of the key steps. Target molecules are disconnected with consideration for applying biocatalysts, as well as chemical reagents and chemocatalysts, in the forward synthesis direction. Using this textbook, students will be able to place biocatalysis within the context of other synthetic transformations that they have learned earlier in their studies. This additional awareness of biocatalysis will equip students for the modern world of organic synthesis where biocatalysts play an increasingly important role. In addition to guidelines for identifying where biocatalysts can be applied in organic synthesis, this textbook also provides examples of current applications of biocatalysis using worked examples and case studies. Tutorials enable the reader to practice disconnecting target molecules to find the `hidden' biocatalytic reactions which can be applied in the synthetic direction. The book contains a complete description of the current biocatalyst classes that are available for use and also suggests areas where new enzymes are likely to be developed in the next few years. This textbook is an essential resource for lecturers and students studying synthetic organic chemistry. It also serves as a handy reference for practicing chemists who wish to embed biocatalysis into their synthetic toolbox.
(source: Nielsen Book Data)